Optical Transport Networks & Technologies
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
INTRODUCTION Client
1 INTRODUCTION Client Server Network Fig. 1-1. A network with two clients and one server. Client machine Server machine Request Network Reply Client process Server process Fig. 1-2. The client-server model involves requests and replies. Fig. 1-3. In a peer-to-peer system there are no fixed clients and servers. 2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222 21 222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222Tag1 Full name1 Example 1 1 1 1 1 12222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222B2C1 Business-to-consumer1 Ordering books on-line 1 21 222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222B2B1 Business-to-business1 Car manufacturer ordering tires from supplier 1 21 222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222G2C1 Government-to-consumer1 Government distributing tax forms electronically 1 1 1 1 1 12222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222C2C1 Consumer-to-consumer1 Auctioning second-hand products on line 1 21 222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222P2P1 Peer-to-peer1 File sharing 1 Fig. 1-4. Some forms of e-commerce. 22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222 222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222221 Wireless1 Mobile1 Applications 1 1 1 1 1 122222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222No1 No1 Desktop computers in offices 1 222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222221 -
MPLS-Based Metro Ethernet Networks a Tutorial • Paresh Khatri • 2018
MPLS-based Metro Ethernet Networks A tutorial • Paresh Khatri • 2018 1 © Nokia 2017 Public Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Introduction to Metro Ethernet Services 3. Traditional Metro Ethernet networks 4. Delivering Ethernet over MPLS 5. Summary 6. Questions 2 © Nokia 2017 Public introduction 3 © Nokia 2017 Public Introduction • Paresh Khatri ([email protected]) - Chief Architect – IP Routing & Transport APAC, Alcatel-Lucent • Key focus areas: - End-to-end network architectures - SDN/NFV - Large-scale IP/MPLS networks - L2/L3 VPNs - Carrier Ethernet - Next-generation mobile backhaul networks • Acknowledgements: - Some figures and text are provided courtesy of the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) 4 © Nokia 2017 Public introduction to metro ethernet services 5 © Nokia 2017 Public AGenda 2. Introduction to Metro Ethernet Services a) Why Metro Ethernet ? b) Attributes of Carrier Ethernet c) Carrier Ethernet Services defined by the MEF 6 © Nokia 2017 Public 2.1 Why Metro Ethernet ? 7 © Nokia 2017 Public Introduction to Metro Ethernet Services What is Metro Ethernet ? “… generally defined as the network that bridges or connects geographically separated enterprise LANs while also connecting across the WAN or backbone networks that are generally owned by service providers. The Metro Ethernet Networks provide connectivity services across Metro geography utilising Ethernet as the core protocol and enabling broadband applications” from “Metro Ethernet Networks – A Technical Overview” from the Metro Ethernet Forum 8 © Nokia 2017 Public Introduction to Metro -
Navigating Network Migration Challenges: Upgrade Your 1GE
Navigating Network Migration Challenges: Upgrade Your 1GE Metro Ethernet Access Network to 10GE A White Paper from Telco Systems Upgrade Your 1GE Metro Ethernet Access Network to 10GE | 2 Intoduction Many businesses and service providers are migrating from • Service providers are finding it more difficult to live up to 1GE to 10GE networks as they attempt to avoid the obstacles their customers’ service level agreements (SLA) to presented by heavy bandwidth, while leveraging the benefits provide multiple services, which require more bandwidth that 10GE networking has to offer. The requirement for • Generating more revenue within the current limits of a more bandwidth has become a constant battle. As internet 1Gig network usage continues to increase with the popularity of data and streaming services, so does the demand for more bandwidth. As the gap between service revenues and the demand for From education (homework, e-learning, campus networks), higher bandwidth grows, providers are looking for ways to finance (online banking, stock trading, bill pay), and business better control their expenses while offering higher bandwidth purposes (company intranets, remote workers), to social media and more services to more customers. With the increasing (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat), political (campaigns demand for more bandwidth with OTT (over-the-top) and outreach) and personal purposes, data requirements applications like video streaming, Hulu, Netflix, and Amazon continue to rise – quicker than service providers can react. Prime becoming more popular, 1GE networks aren’t going to cut it anymore. In support of these activities, service providers are being driven to enhance their network capacities in their business Ethernet, To conquer these challenges, enterprises and service mobile backhaul, E-Rate, cloud networking, and SDN & NFV providers are migrating their 1GE networks to 10GE. -
Network Reliability and Fault Tolerance
Network Reliability and Fault Tolerance Muriel Medard´ [email protected] Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Room 35-212 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 Steven S. Lumetta [email protected] Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 1308 W. Main Street, Urbana, IL 61801 1 Introduction The majority of communications applications, from cellular telephone conversations to credit card transactions, assume the availability of a reliable network. At this level, data are expected to tra- verse the network and to arrive intact at their destination. The physical systems that compose a network, on the other hand, are subjected to a wide range of problems, ranging from signal distor- tion to component failures. Similarly, the software that supports the high-level semantic interface 1 often contains unknown bugs and other latent reliability problems. Redundancy underlies all ap- proaches to fault tolerance. Definitive definitions for all concepts and terms related to reliability, and, more broadly, dependability, can be found in [AAC+92]. Designing any system to tolerate faults first requires the selection of a fault model, a set of possible failure scenarios along with an understanding of the frequency, duration, and impact of each scenario. A simple fault model merely lists the set of faults to be considered; inclusion in the set is decided based on a combination of expected frequency, impact on the system, and feasibility or cost of providing protection. Most reliable network designs address the failure of any single component, and some designs tolerate multiple failures. In contrast, few attempt to handle the adversarial conditions that might occur in a terrorist attack, and cataclysmic events are almost never addressed at any scale larger than a city. -
T-Metro 200 Carrier Ethernet Multi-Service Ces Aggregation
T-Metro 200 carrier ethernet multi-service ces aggregation The T-Metro 200 is a feature-rich multiservice access device designed to increase service provider revenues and deliver a complete portfolio of voice, data and video services. The T-Metro family of products supports a wide variety of technologies including Ethernet, circuit emulation services (CES), MPLS, OAM (operations, administration and maintenance) tools and hierarchical quality of service (HQoS). This rich combination of technologies PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS allows service providers to deliver an enhanced service offering while Enhanced Ethernet services, maintaining competitive pricing. features and capabilities The T-Metro 200 provides access to advanced data services such as virtual – 802.1ad provider bridges for Ethernet private LAN services (VPLS), virtual private wire services (VPWS) and IP virtual based L2VPN services private network (IP-VPN) services. In addition, the T-Metro product line enables – Super VLAN for traffic isolation service providers to carry native TDM traffic transparently across packet – Fast-Ring with sub 50ms recovery switched networks (PSN), using various circuit emulation techniques. The TDM traffic is encapsulated in Ethernet or IP frames to emulate the functionality of a – IEEE 802.3ad link aggregation TDM circuit, ensuring that all original feature-sets are preserved. Circuit Emulation Services deliver traditional voice or leased line Designed for Metro Ethernet Services services Convergence of voice, data and video services over a single Ethernet-based – Structured agnostic traffic over infrastructure is transforming the way enterprises and service providers packet (SAToP) conduct their businesses. The T-Metro 200’s versatility, advanced feature-set, – CES over packet switched networks wire speed performance and robust design makes it an ideal convergence (CESoPSN) platform for metro applications, either in a bridged metro Ethernet or MPLS – T1/E1; DS3/T3, OC-3/STM-1 environment. -
Gigabit Ethernet Pocket Guide
GbE.PocketG.fm Page 1 Friday, March 3, 2006 9:43 AM Carrier Class Ethernet, Metro Ethernet tester, Metro Ethernet testing, Metro Ethernet installation, Metro Ethernet maintenance, Metro Ethernet commissioning, Carrier Class Ethernet tester, Carrier Class Ethernet testing, Carrier Class Ethernet installation, Carrier Class Ethernet maintenance, Gigabit Ethernet tester, Gigabit Ethernet testing, Gigabit Ethernet installation, Gigabit Ethernet maintenance, Gigabit Ethernet commissioning, Gigabit Ethernet protocols, 1000BASE-T tester, 1000BASE-LX test, 1000BASE-SX test, 1000BASE-T testing, 1000BASE-LX testing Trend’s Gigabit EthernetPocket Guide AuroraTango Gigabit Ethernet Multi-technology Personal Test Assistant Platform for simple, fast and effective testing of Gigabit Ethernet, ADSL, OSI model 802.3 model SHDSL, and ISDN. Aurora Tango 7 Application Upper layers Gigabit Ethernet has an exceptional 6 Presentation Reconciliation range of features Upper ensuring reliable delivery of end-to-end 5 Session layers services over Metropolitan networks MII Media independent based on Gigabit Ethernet. 4 It includes a full range of tests and Transport measurements, such as RFC-2544, PCS top ten addresses, real-time Ethernet 3 Network LLC (802.2) statistics, multilayer BERT, etc. Two PMA Gigaport transceivers allow terminate, 2 Data Link MAC (803.3) loopback and monitor connections to Autonegotiation networks, plus a 10/100/1000BASE-T Physical cable port for legacy testing. 1 PHY (802.3) dependent Media MDI A PDA provides an intuitive graphical menu -
Ethernet Interconnection Point (EIP): an ENNI Implementation Agreement
Service Operations Specification MEF 54 Ethernet Interconnection Point (EIP): An ENNI Implementation Agreement March 2016 MEF 54 © MEF Forum 2016. Any reproduction of this document, or any portion thereof, shall contain the follow- ing statement: "Reproduced with permission of MEF Forum." No user of this document is authorized to modify any of the information contained herein. Disclaimer The information in this publication is freely available for reproduction and use by any re- cipient and is believed to be accurate as of its publication date. Such information is sub- ject to change without notice and the MEF Forum (MEF) is not responsible for any er- rors. The MEF does not assume responsibility to update or correct any information in this publication. No representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the MEF concerning the completeness, accuracy, or applicability of any information contained herein and no liability of any kind shall be assumed by the MEF as a result of reliance upon such information. The information contained herein is intended to be used without modification by the re- cipient or user of this document. The MEF is not responsible or liable for any modifica- tions to this document made by any other party. The receipt or any use of this document or its contents does not in any way create, by im- plication or otherwise: a) any express or implied license or right to or under any patent, copyright, trade- mark or trade secret rights held or claimed by any MEF member company which are or may be associated with the ideas, techniques, concepts or expressions con- tained herein; nor b) any warranty or representation that any MEF member companies will announce any product(s) and/or service(s) related thereto, or if such announcements are made, that such announced product(s) and/or service(s) embody any or all of the ideas, technologies, or concepts contained herein; nor c) any form of relationship between any MEF member companies and the recipient or user of this document. -
The Role of Emerging Broadband Technologies on the Converged
The Role of Emerging Broadband Technologies on the Converged Packet-Based Network Introduction The vision of network convergence toward a consolidated packet-based network has been discussed for years, though it is still not a reality. Currently, there are numerous overlay networks such as IP, ATM, FR, Ethernet, SONET, DWDM and wireless for different services. The evolution pace toward convergence has been slow due to economic, technical and regulatory issues. However, the fact is that data traffic volume is now surpassing voice traffic volume. Traditional TDM voice traffic is moving to IP packets and TDM private line is moving to Ethernet private line. The wave of broadband applications such as Internet access, VOD, and IPTV create high bandwidth requirements for the network. These applications are packet-based, but have a much lower margin of profit for the service providers when compared to traditional voice service. Today’s overlay and traditional circuit-based infrastructure will become less optimal for the new packet-based services as the profit margin decreases. Most of the wireless networks in North America today are still circuit-based because most of the current wireless service is still voice-based. However, with emerging wireless access technologies such as WiMAX and Wi-Fi, more broadband wireless data and video services can be deployed. As a result, the wireless core network evolves toward a packet-based network. Service offerings drive network evolution. As more packet-based broadband services are launched and bundled together in service offerings, service providers start to add more packet-aware features into their current network components. -
Congestion Control in Resilient Packet Ring Networks
New Jersey Institute of Technology Digital Commons @ NJIT Dissertations Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fall 1-31-2005 Congestion control in resilient packet ring networks Alharbi Fahd New Jersey Institute of Technology Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations Part of the Electrical and Electronics Commons Recommended Citation Fahd, Alharbi, "Congestion control in resilient packet ring networks" (2005). Dissertations. 670. https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations/670 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ NJIT. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ NJIT. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright Warning & Restrictions The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a, user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of “fair use” that user may be liable for copyright infringement, This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment -
Getting Physical with Ethernet
ETHERNET GETTING PHYSICAL STANDARDS • The Importance of Standards • Standards are necessary in almost every business and public service entity. For example, before 1904, fire hose couplings in the United States were not standard, which meant a fire department in one community could not help in another community. The transmission of electric current was not standardized until the end of the nineteenth century, so customers had to choose between Thomas Edison’s direct current (DC) and George Westinghouse’s alternating current (AC). IEEE 802 STANDARD • IEEE 802 is a family of IEEE standards dealing with local area networks and metropolitan area networks. • More specifically, the IEEE 802 standards are restricted to networks carrying variable-size packets. By contrast, in cell relay networks data is transmitted in short, uniformly sized units called cells. Isochronous , where data is transmitted as a steady stream of octets, or groups of octets, at regular time intervals, are also out of the scope of this standard. The number 802 was simply the next free number IEEE could assign,[1] though “802” is sometimes associated with the date the first meeting was held — February 1980. • The IEEE 802 family of standards is maintained by the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee (LMSC). The most widely used standards are for the Ethernet family, Token Ring, Wireless LAN, Bridging and Virtual Bridged LANs. An individual working group provides the focus for each area. Name Description Note IEEE 802.1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols (Bridging) active IEEE 802.2 -
Optical Transport Networks & Technologies Standardization Work
Optical Transport Networks & Technologies Standardization Work Plan Issue 24, February 2018 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................... 3 PART 1: STATUS REPORTS AS OF JANUARY 2018 ...................................................... 4 1 HIGHLIGHT OF ITU-T SG15 ........................................................................................ 4 2 REPORTS FROM OTHER ORGANIZATIONS ............................................................ 4 PART 2: STANDARD WORK PLAN ................................................................................... 8 1 INTRODUCTION TO PART 2 ...................................................................................... 8 2 SCOPE ......................................................................................................................... 8 3 ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ 8 4 DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS .......................................................................... 9 4.1 Optical and other Transport Networks & Technologies (OTNT) ....................................................... 9 4.2 Optical Transport Network (OTN) (largely revised in 09/2016 reflecting B100G) ............................ 9 4.2.1 FlexE in OIF (updated in June-2017) .......................................................................................... 11 4.3 Support for mobile networks (reference to ITU-R M2375 added -
ATM and Frame Relay to MPLS Control Plane Interworking Straw
ATM and Frame Relay to MPLS Control Plane Interworking: Client-Server MFA Forum 10.0.0 MFA Forum September 2006 ATM and Frame Relay to MPLS Control Plane Interworking: Client-Server MFA Forum 10.0.0 Note: The user’s attention is called to the possibility that implementation of the MPLS implementation agreement contained herein may require the use of inventions covered by patent rights held by third parties. By publication of this MPLS implementation agreement the MFA Forum makes no representation that the implementation of the specification will not infringe on any third party rights. The MFA Forum take no position with respect to any claim that has been or may be asserted by any third party, the validity of any patent rights related to any such claims, or the extent to which a license to use any such rights may not be available. Editor: Chris Metz [email protected] For more information contact: The MFA Forum Suite 307 39355 California Street Fremont, CA 94538 USA Phone: +1 (510) 608-3997 FAX: +1 (510) 608-5917 E-Mail: [email protected] WWW: http://www.mplsforum.org/ Full Notice Copyright © 2006 MFA Forum. All rights reserved. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not