May 22, 2007 ͉ vol. 104 ͉ no. 21 ͉ 8677–9100

Proceedings of the National Academy ofPNAS Sciences of the United States of America www.pnas.org Cover image: Silkworm (Bombyx mori) cocoons and a newly emerged adult moth. The yellow, golden-yellow, and pink pigments are derived from carotenoids in the mulberry leaves eaten by the larvae. The Yellow blood gene locus, which corresponds to a carotenoid-binding protein, controls the degree of yellow coloring in larval silk. See the article by Sakudoh et al. on pages 8941–8946. Image courtesy of Takashi Sakudoh. From the Cover

8941 Carotenoid uptake and cocoon coloring 8691 Nanoparticles seed protein fibrils 8714 Wave equations for cultural hitchhiking 8977 Receptors compensate for insulin resistance 9058 Echoes of action in the observer’s motor cortex

APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES Contents 8685 The human disease network Kwang-Il Goh, Michael E. Cusick, David Valle, Barton Childs, Marc Vidal, and Albert-La´szlo´ Baraba´si THIS WEEK IN PNAS CHEMISTRY 8677 In This Issue 8691 Nucleation of protein fibrillation by nanoparticles Sara Linse, Celia Cabaleiro-Lago, Wei-Feng Xue, COMMENTARIES Iseult Lynch, Stina Lindman, Eva Thulin, Sheena E. Radford, and Kenneth A. Dawson ➜ See Commentary on page 8679 8679 Nanoparticles as catalysts for protein fibrillation Vicki L. Colvin and Kristen M. Kulinowski 8697 Nonlinear relaxation dynamics in elastic networks ➜ See companion article on page 8691 and design principles of molecular machines Yuichi Togashi and Alexander S. Mikhailov 8681 When the usual insulin is just not enough Catherine E. Gleason, Danielle N. Gross, 8703 Double proton transfer dynamics of model DNA and Morris J. Birnbaum base pairs in the condensed phase ➜ See companion article on page 8977 Oh-Hoon Kwon and Ahmed H. Zewail

8683 A possible role for primary motor cortex 8885 Oribatid mites as a major dietary source for alkaloids during action observation in poison frogs J. M. Kilner and C. D. Frith Ralph A. Saporito, Maureen A. Donnelly, Roy A. Norton, ➜ See companion article on page 9058 H. Martin Garraffo, Thomas F. Spande, and John W. Daly

9075 Mapping the elusive neonicotinoid binding site PHYSICAL SCIENCES Motohiro Tomizawa, Todd T. Talley, David Maltby, Kathleen A. Durkin, Katalin F. Medzihradszky, Alma L. Burlingame, Palmer Taylor, APPLIED MATHEMATICS and John E. Casida 8720 A theory of measuring, electing, and ranking Michel Balinski and Rida Laraki ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 8709 Irreducible imprecision in atmospheric and oceanic simulations Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. James C. McWilliams

PNAS ͉ May 22, 2007 ͉ vol. 104 ͉ no. 21 ͉ iii–x Downloaded by guest on September 28, 2021 MATHEMATICS 8767 Proline-rich Gla protein 2 is a cell-surface vitamin K-dependent protein that binds to the transcriptional 8714 Cultural hitchhiking on the wave of advance coactivator Yes-associated protein of beneficial technologies John D. Kulman, Jeff E. Harris, Ling Xie, and Earl W. Davie Graeme J. Ackland, Markus Signitzer, Kevin Stratford, and Morrel H. Cohen 8773 Structure of the Munc18c/Syntaxin4 N-peptide complex defines universal features of the N-peptide binding SOCIAL SCIENCES mode of Sec1/Munc18 proteins Shu-Hong Hu, Catherine F. Latham, Christine L. Gee, David E. James, and Jennifer L. Martin ANTHROPOLOGY 8714 Cultural hitchhiking on the wave of advance 8779 Crystal structure of RseB and a model of its binding of beneficial technologies mode to RseA Graeme J. Ackland, Markus Signitzer, Kevin Dong Young Kim, Kyeong Sik Jin, Eunju Kwon, Stratford, and Morrel H. Cohen Moonhor Ree, and Kyeong Kyu Kim 8785 Studies on peptide:N-glycanase–p97 interaction suggest ECONOMIC SCIENCES that p97 phosphorylation modulates endoplasmic 8720 A theory of measuring, electing, and ranking reticulum-associated degradation Michel Balinski and Rida Laraki Gang Zhao, Xiaoke Zhou, Liqun Wang, Guangtao Li, Hermann Schindelin, and William J. Lennarz

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 8791 High-resolution physical and functional mapping of the template adjacent DNA binding site in catalytically active telomerase ANTHROPOLOGY Erez Romi, Nava Baran, Marina Gantman, Michael Shmoish, 8726 Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia Bosun Min, Kathleen Collins, and Haim Manor by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis Georgi Hudjashov, Toomas Kivisild, Peter A. Underhill, 8797 Mechanism of histone methylation catalyzed by protein Phillip Endicott, Juan J. Sanchez, Alice A. Lin, lysine methyltransferase SET7/9 and origin of Peidong Shen, Peter Oefner, Colin Renfrew, product specificity Richard Villems, and Peter Forster Hao-Bo Guo and Hong Guo

8731 A remarkable female cranium of the early Oligocene BIOPHYSICS anthropoid Aegyptopithecus zeuxis (Catarrhini, Propliopithecidae) 8691 Nucleation of protein fibrillation by nanoparticles Elwyn L. Simons, Erik R. Seiffert, Timothy M. Ryan, Sara Linse, Celia Cabaleiro-Lago, Wei-Feng Xue, and Yousry Attia Iseult Lynch, Stina Lindman, Eva Thulin, Sheena E. Radford, and Kenneth A. Dawson ➜ See Commentary on page 8679 APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 8737 In vitro erythropoiesis from bone marrow-derived 8697 Nonlinear relaxation dynamics in elastic networks progenitors provides a physiological assay for and design principles of molecular machines toxic and mutagenic compounds Yuichi Togashi and Alexander S. Mikhailov J. Shuga, J. Zhang, L. D. Samson, H. F. Lodish, and L. G. Griffith 8803 Coupling between allosteric transitions in GroEL and assisted folding of a substrate protein George Stan, George H. Lorimer, D. Thirumalai, BIOCHEMISTRY and Bernard R. Brooks 8743 A complex thiolate switch regulates the Bacillus subtilis organic peroxide sensor OhrR 8809 Restructuring of the dinucleotide-binding fold Jin-Won Lee, Sumarin Soonsanga, and John D. Helmann in an NADP(H) sensor protein Xiaofeng Zheng, Xueyu Dai, Yanmei Zhao, Qiang Chen, 8749 Ascorbate in pharmacologic concentrations selectively Fei Lu, Deqiang Yao, Quan Yu, Xinping Liu, generates ascorbate radical and hydrogen peroxide Chuanmao Zhang, Xiaocheng Gu, and Ming Luo in extracellular fluid in vivo Qi Chen, Michael Graham Espey, Andrew Y. Sun, 8815 A solution NMR study showing that active site ligands Je-Hyuk Lee, Murali C. Krishna, Emily Shacter, and nucleotides directly perturb the allosteric Peter L. Choyke, Chaya Pooput, Kenneth L. Kirk, equilibrium in aspartate transcarbamoylase Garry R. Buettner, and Mark Levine Algirdas Velyvis, Ying R. Yang, Howard K. Schachman, and Lewis E. Kay 8755 trans-SNARE complex assembly and yeast vacuole membrane fusion 8821 Molecular evolution of affinity and flexibility Kevin M. Collins and William T. Wickner in the immune system Ian F. Thorpe and Charles L. Brooks III 8761 Structural insights into the bactericidal mechanism of human peptidoglycan recognition proteins 8827 Polymerization kinetics of ADP- and ADP-Pi-actin Sangwoo Cho, Qian Wang, Chittoor P. Swaminathan, determined by fluorescence microscopy Dusan Hesek, Mijoon Lee, Geert-Jan Boons, Ikuko Fujiwara, Dimitrios Vavylonis, Shahriar Mobashery, and Roy A. Mariuzza and Thomas D. Pollard

PNAS ͉ May 22, 2007 ͉ vol. 104 ͉ no. 21 ͉ v Downloaded by guest on September 28, 2021 CELL BIOLOGY 8902 A climate-driven switch in plant nitrogen acquisition 8833 Exposing the core promoter is sufficient to activate within tropical forest communities transcription and alter coactivator requirement at RNR3 Benjamin Z. Houlton, Daniel M. Sigman, Edward A. G. Hesheng Zhang and Joseph C. Reese Schuur, and Lars O. Hedin

8839 ␤-Actin regulates platelet nitric oxide synthase 3 activity EVOLUTION through interaction with heat shock protein 90 8907 A highly divergent microsatellite facilitating fast Yong Ji, Ge´raldine Ferracci, Alice Warley, Malcolm Ward, and accurate DRB haplotyping in humans Kit-Yi Leung, Salma Samsuddin, Christian Le´veˆque, and rhesus macaques Lindsay Queen, Vikash Reebye, Pallavi Pal, Eugenia Gaby G. M. Doxiadis, Nanine de Groot, Frans H. J. Claas, Gkaliagkousi, Michael Seager, and Albert Ferro Ilias I. N. Doxiadis, Jon J. van Rood, 8845 Retrograde nuclear accumulation of cytoplasmic tRNA in and Ronald E. Bontrop rat hepatoma cells in response to amino acid deprivation 8913 High relatedness maintains multicellular cooperation Hussam H. Shaheen, Rick L. Horetsky, Scot R. Kimball, in a social amoeba by controlling cheater mutants Athulaprabha Murthi, Leonard S. Jefferson, Owen M. Gilbert, Kevin R. Foster, Natasha J. Mehdiabadi, and Anita K. Hopper Joan E. Strassmann, and David C. Queller 8851 Lightening up the UV response by identification of the 8918 Artificial selection of simulated microbial ecosystems arylhydrocarbon receptor as a cytoplasmatic target Hywel T. P. Williams and Timothy M. Lenton for ultraviolet B radiation Ellen Fritsche, Claudia Scha¨fer, Christian Calles, Thorsten Bernsmann, Thorsten Bernshausen, Melanie Wurm, GENETICS Ulrike Hu¨benthal, Jason E. Cline, Hossein 8924 Construction and behavior of engineered Hajimiragha, Peter Schroeder, Lars-Oliver minichromosomes in maize Klotz, Agneta Rannug, Peter Fu¨rst, Helmut Weichang Yu, Fangpu Han, Zhi Gao, Juan M. Hanenberg, Josef Abel, and Jean Krutmann Vega, and James A. Birchler

8857 Deletion of PrBP/␦ impedes transport of GRK1 and PDE6 8930 Functionally distinct genes regulated by hydrogen catalytic subunits to photoreceptor outer segments limitation and growth rate in methanogenic Archaea H. Zhang, S. Li, T. Doan, F. Rieke, P. B. Detwiler, Erik L. Hendrickson, Andrew K. Haydock, Brian C. Moore, J. M. Frederick, and W. Baehr William B. Whitman, and John A. Leigh

8863 MPS3 mediates meiotic bouquet formation 8935 The frequency and structure of recombinant products in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is determined by the cellular level of MutL Michael N. Conrad, Chih-Ying Lee, Joseph L. Marina Elez, Miroslav Radman, and Ivan Matic Wilkerson, and Michael E. Dresser 8941 Carotenoid silk coloration is controlled by a 8869 The tumor suppressor CYLD regulates entry into mitosis carotenoid-binding protein, a product of the Frank Stegmeier, Mathew E. Sowa, Grzegorz Nalepa, Yellow blood gene Steven P. Gygi, J. Wade Harper, and Stephen J. Elledge Takashi Sakudoh, Hideki Sezutsu, Takeharu Nakashima, Isao Kobayashi, Hirofumi Fujimoto, Keiro Uchino, 8875 Selective adapter recruitment and differential signaling Yutaka Banno, Hidetoshi Iwano, Hideaki Maekawa, networks by VEGF vs. shear stress Toshiki Tamura, Hiroshi Kataoka, and Kozo Tsuchida Yingxiao Wang, Joann Chang, Kuang-Den Chen, Song Li, Julie Yi-Shuan Li, Chuanyue Wu, and Shu Chien IMMUNOLOGY ECOLOGY 8947 Vaccination with NY-ESO-1 protein and CpG in Montanide induces integrated antibody/Th1 8880 Stress response during development predicts fitness responses and CD8 T cells through cross-priming in a wild, long lived vertebrate Danila Valmori, Naira E. Souleimanian, Valeria Tosello, J. Blas, G. R. Bortolotti, J. L. Tella, R. Baos, Nina Bhardwaj, Sylvia Adams, David O’Neill, Anna and T. A. Marchant Pavlick, Juliet B. Escalon, Crystal M. Cruz, Angelica 8885 Oribatid mites as a major dietary source for alkaloids Angiulli, Francesca Angiulli, Gregory Mears, Susan M. in poison frogs Vogel, Linda Pan, Achim A. Jungbluth, Eric W. Ralph A. Saporito, Maureen A. Donnelly, Roy A. Norton, Hoffmann, Ralph Venhaus, Gerd Ritter, H. Martin Garraffo, Thomas F. Spande, and John W. Daly Lloyd J. Old, and Maha Ayyoub

8891 ‘‘Diminishing returns’’ in the scaling of functional leaf 8953 NRAS mutation causes a human autoimmune traits across and within species groups lymphoproliferative syndrome Karl J. Niklas, Edward D. Cobb, Ulo¨ Niinemets, Peter B. Joa˜o B. Oliveira, Nicolas Bide`re, Julie E. Niemela, Reich, Arne Sellin, Bill Shipley, and Ian J. Wright Lixin Zheng, Keiko Sakai, Cynthia P. Nix, Robert L. Danner, Jennifer Barb, Peter J. Munson, Jennifer M. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Puck, Janet Dale, Stephen E. Straus, Thomas A. Fleisher, and Michael J. Lenardo 8897 Collapse of a fish population after exposure to a synthetic estrogen 8959 Full restoration of peripheral Foxp3؉ regulatory T cell Karen A. Kidd, Paul J. Blanchfield, Kenneth H. Mills, pool by radioresistant host cells in scurfy bone Vince P. Palace, Robert E. Evans, James M. marrow chimeras Lazorchak, and Robert W. Flick Noriko Komatsu and Shohei Hori

PNAS ͉ May 22, 2007 ͉ vol. 104 ͉ no. 21 ͉ vii Downloaded by guest on September 28, 2021 8965 A role for exposed mannosylations in presentation of 9024 Platelet glycoprotein Ib␣ supports experimental human therapeutic self-proteins to CD4؉ T lymphocytes lung metastasis Suryasarathi Dasgupta, Ana-Maria Navarrete, Jagadeesh Shashank Jain, Masahiko Zuka, Jungling Liu, Bayry, Sandrine Delignat, Bharath Wootla, Se´bastien Susan Russell, Judith Dent, Jose´ A. Guerrero, Andre´, Olivier Christophe, Michelina Nascimbeni, Jane Forsyth, Brigid Maruszak, T. Kent Gartner, Marc Jacquemin, Luisa Martinez-Pomares, Teunis B. Brunhilde Felding-Habermann, and Jerry Ware H. Geijtenbeek, Arnaud Moris, Jean-Marie Saint-Remy, Michel D. Kazatchkine, Srinivas V. Kaveri, MICROBIOLOGY and Se´bastien Lacroix-Desmazes 9029 Impacts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on the microbial 8971 Role of Peyer’s patches in the induction landscape of the New Orleans area of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis C. D. Sinigalliano, M. L. Gidley, T. Shibata, D. Whitman, Shigenori Nagai, Hitomi Mimuro, Taketo Yamada, T. H. Dixon, E. Laws, A. Hou, D. Bachoon, L. Brand, Yukiko Baba, Kazuyo Moro, Tomonori Nochi, L. Amaral-Zettler, R. J. Gast, G. F. Steward, O. D. Nigro, Hiroshi Kiyono, Toshihiko Suzuki, Chihiro R. Fujioka, W. Q. Betancourt, G. Vithanage, J. Mathews, Sasakawa, and Shigeo Koyasu L. E. Fleming, and H. M. Solo-Gabriele 9035 Double-stranded DNA and double-stranded RNA induce MEDICAL SCIENCES a common antiviral signaling pathway in human cells 8977 Insulin receptors in ␤-cells are critical for islet Guofeng Cheng, Jin Zhong, Josan Chung, compensatory growth response to insulin resistance and Francis V. Chisari Terumasa Okada, Chong Wee Liew, Jiang Hu, Charlotte Hinault, M. Dodson Michael, Jan 9041 Interaction of TIA-1/TIAR with West Nile and dengue Kru¨tzfeldt, Catherine Yin, Martin Holzenberger, virus products in infected cells interferes with stress Markus Stoffel, and Rohit N. Kulkarni granule formation and processing body assembly ➜ See Commentary on page 8681 Mohamed M. Emara and Margo A. Brinton 8983 Loss-of-function screening by randomized intracellular 9047 Bacteria of the genus Asaia stably associate with antibodies: Identification of hnRNP-K as a potential Anopheles stephensi, an Asian malarial mosquito vector target for metastasis Guido Favia, Irene Ricci, Claudia Damiani, Noura Raddadi, Atsushi Inoue, Shinya Y. Sawata, Kazunari Taira, Elena Crotti, Massimo Marzorati, Aurora Rizzi, Roberta and Renu Wadhwa Urso, Lorenzo Brusetti, Sara Borin, Diego Mora, Patrizia Scuppa, Luciano Pasqualini, Emanuela Clementi, Marco 8989 Photodynamic molecular beacon as an activatable Genchi, Silvia Corona, Ilaria Negri, Giulio Grandi, Alberto photosensitizer based on protease-controlled Alma, Laura Kramer, Fulvio Esposito, Claudio Bandi, singlet oxygen quenching and activation Luciano Sacchi, and Daniele Daffonchio Gang Zheng, Juan Chen, Klara Stefflova, Mark Jarvi, Hui Li, and Brian C. Wilson 9052 Matching phylogeny and metabolism in the uncultured marine bacteria, one cell at a time 8995 Chromosome instability, chromosome transcriptome, Ramunas Stepanauskas and Michael E. Sieracki and clonal evolution of tumor cell populations ChongFeng Gao, Kyle Furge, Julie Koeman, Karl Dykema, NEUROSCIENCE Yanli Su, Mary Lou Cutler, Adam Werts, Pete Haak, and George F. Vande Woude 9058 Actor’s and observer’s primary motor cortices stabilize similarly after seen or heard motor actions 9001 Disruptive mitochondrial DNA mutations Gina Caetano, Veikko Jousma¨ki, and Riitta Hari in complex I subunits are markers of ➜ See Commentary on page 8683 oncocytic phenotype in thyroid tumors Giuseppe Gasparre, Anna Maria Porcelli, Elena Bonora, 9063 IL1-receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL1RAPL1), a Lucia Fiammetta Pennisi, Matteo Toller, Luisa Iommarini, protein involved in cognitive functions, regulates ؉ Anna Ghelli, Massimo Moretti, Christine M. Betts, N-type Ca2 -channel and neurite elongation Giuseppe Nicola Martinelli, Alberto Rinaldi Ceroni, Fre´de´ric Gambino, Alice Pavlowsky, Aure´lie Be´gle´, Francesco Curcio, Valerio Carelli, Michela Rugolo, Jean-Luc Dupont, Nadia Bahi, Raphael Courjaret, Giovanni Tallini, and Giovanni Romeo Robert Gardette, Hassen Hadjkacem, Henriette Skala, Bernard Poulain, Jamel Chelly, Nicolas ␣ 9007 Fetal gene therapy of -thalassemia in a mouse model Vitale, and Yann Humeau Xiao-Dong Han, Chin Lin, Judy Chang, Michel Sadelain, and Y. W. Kan 9069 Parietal stimulation destabilizes spatial updating across saccadic eye movements 9012 Oncogenic inhibition by deleted in liver cancer requires Adam P. Morris, Christopher D. Chambers, cooperation between tensin binding and Rho-specific and Jason B. Mattingley GTPase-activating protein activities Xiaolan Qian, Guorong Li, Holly K. Asmussen, Laura 9075 Mapping the elusive neonicotinoid binding site Asnaghi, William C. Vass, Richard Braverman, Motohiro Tomizawa, Todd T. Talley, David Maltby, Kenneth M. Yamada, Nicholas C. Popescu, Kathleen A. Durkin, Katalin F. Medzihradszky, Alex G. Papageorge, and Douglas R. Lowy Alma L. Burlingame, Palmer Taylor, and John E. Casida 9018 Angiotensin II up-regulates soluble epoxide hydrolase in vascular endothelium in vitro and in vivo 9081 Entrainment of the human circadian pacemaker Ding Ai, Yi Fu, Deliang Guo, Hiromasa Tanaka, to longer-than-24-h days Nanping Wang, Chaoshu Tang, Bruce D. Claude Gronfier, Kenneth P. Wright, Jr., Richard E. Hammock, John Y.-J. Shyy, and Yi Zhu Kronauer, and Charles A. Czeisler

PNAS ͉ May 22, 2007 ͉ vol. 104 ͉ no. 21 ͉ ix Downloaded by guest on September 28, 2021 9087 Visual word processing and experiential origins of IMMUNOLOGY functional selectivity in human extrastriate cortex 9099 Ionic contrast terahertz near-field imaging of axonal Chris I. Baker, Jia Liu, Lawrence L. Wald, Kenneth K. water fluxes Kwong, Thomas Benner, and Nancy Kanwisher Jean-Baptiste Masson, Martin-Pierre Sauviat, Jean-Louis Martin, and Guilhem Gallot PLANT BIOLOGY 9093 Evidence for regulatory function of nucleus-encoded factors on mRNA stabilization and translation in NEUROSCIENCE the chloroplast 9099 Metabolic syndrome and obesity in an insect Ce´cile Raynaud, Christelle Loiselay, Katia Wostrikoff, Rudolf J. Schilder and James H. Marden Richard Kuras, Jacqueline Girard-Bascou, Francis-Andre´ Wollman, and Yves Choquet PHYSIOLOGY CORRECTIONS 9099 PSD-95 and PKC converge in regulating NMDA receptor trafficking and gating Ying Lin, Teresa Jover-Mengual, Judy Wong, APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES Michael V. L. Bennett, and R. Suzanne Zukin 9099 Saposin B is the dominant saposin that facilitates lipid binding to human CD1d molecules Weiming Yuan, Xiaoyang Qi, Pansy Tsang, Suk-Jo Kang, xi–xii Author Index Petr A. Illarionov, Gurdyal S. Besra, Jenny Gumperz, and Peter Cresswell xiii Subscription Form

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