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Boyce, P. 2006. a Taxonomic Revision of the Biarum (Araceae)

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Boyce, P. 2006. a Taxonomic Revision of the Biarum (Araceae) 2 AROIDEANA, Vol. 29 A Taxonomic Revision of Biarum (Araceae) Peter C. Boyce Malesiana Tropicals Suite 4, Level 9, Tun Jugah Tower No. 18 Jalan Abdul Rahman 93000 Kuching, Malaysia ABSTRACT the Middle East, where 75% of the species occur as endemics. A taxonomic revision of Biarum is present­ Biarum species have a strongly season­ ed. Hitherto species-ranked B. galianii is al growth regime; the plants beginning reduced to a subspecies of B. tenuifolium. growth in late summer or early autumn Hitherto subspecific (to B. davisii) B. mar­ with the onset of winter rains and continu­ marisense is raised to full species rank. ing into late spring when the plants be­ The names Biarum abbreviatum, B. alep­ come dormant at the start of summer heat picum, B. anguillare, B. arundanum, B. and drought. The majority of species blos­ bovei ssp. disparvar. purpureum, B. bovei som in autumn and early winter and this, ssp. dispar var. zanonii, B. cupanianum, together with the often striking appear­ B. platyspathum, B. spruneri, B. straussi, ance of the inflorescence, had resulted in B. tenuifolium var. latifolium, B. zelebori, Cyllenium carduchorum, Ischarum cris­ a growing popularity of Biarum species amongst alpine garden enthusiasts. Fur­ pulum, 1. jraasianum, 1. kotschyi and 1. nobile are lectotypified. Ischarum pyrami ther aspects of this horticultural popularity is epitypified. A key to all taxa is provided. have been covered by Mayo (1983) and Mathew (1987). KEYWORDS HISTORY Biarum aleppicum, Biarum angusta­ tum, Biarum auraniticum, Biarum bovei, Until the publication of Schott's articles Biarum carduchorum, Biarum carratra­ in the Wiener Zeitschrijt jur Kunst, Liter­ cense, Biarum crispulum, Biarum davisii, atur, Theater und Mode (1829a, 1829b, Biarum dispar, Biarum ditschianum, Bia­ 1829c, 1829d, 182ge, 1829f, 1829g, 1830a, rum eximium, Biarum jraasianum, Bia­ 1830b, 1830c, 1830d, 1830e,) and his aroid rum kotschyi, Biarum marmarisense, Bia­ account in Meletamata Botanica (1832), rum mendax, Biarum olivieri, Biarum the genus Arum was ill-defined, contain­ pyrami, Biarum rhopalospadix, Biarum ing numerous species bearing only super­ straussii, Biarum syriacum, Biarum ten­ ficial similarity to the type of the genus, A. uifolium ssp. abbreviatum, Biarum ten­ maculatum 1. Schott (1832) attempted to uifolium ssp. arundanum, Biarum ten­ bring a degree of homogeneity to Arum uifolium ssp. galianii, Biarum tenuifol­ by segregating new genera to account for ium ssp. idomenaeum, Biarum tenuifol­ the anomalous taxa, proposing the genus ium ssp. tenuifolium, Biarum tenuifolium Biarum to account for two species of ssp. zeleborii. Arum (sensu Linnaeus) with uniovulate ovaries and a basal placenta, loosely ar­ INTRODUCTION ranged staminate flowers with anthers de­ Biarum comprises 21 species of dwarf hiscing by ventral longitudinal slits, scat­ tuberous-stemmed herbs occurring in tered staminodes and pistillodes and con­ semi-arid and seasonally dry areas of nate spathe tube margins. The two species southern Europe, North Africa, the Near included were: B. gramineum (Lam.) and Middle East. The centre of diversity is Schott and B. tenuifolium (1.) Schott. PETER C. BOYCE, 2006 3 Blume (1836) retained Schott's two spe­ the means of thecae dehiscence, i.e. slits cies and described an additional three, B. as opposed to pores, and the shape and bovei, B. homeid and B. olivieri. Blume di­ distribution of the pistillodes. vided Biarum into two sections, placing Engler (1879) adopted what was essen­ Schott's species in "Sectio 1" (i.e. sect. Bia­ tially Schott's system except that he re­ rum) and creating sect. Ischarum for the duced all Schott's segregate genera to sub­ three new ones. Blume distinguished sect. genera of Biarum and dispensed with Lep­ Ischarum by the lack of staminodes, an­ topetion altogether, referring it to subgen. ther thecae dehiscing by apical pores and Ischarum. Engler also reduced many of more-or-Iess elongated style. By contrast Schott's species to subspecific or varietal in sect. Biarum sensu Blume, both stami­ status or to synonymy. nodes and pistillodes are present, the the­ Boissier (1882) also chose not to rec­ cae dehisce by longitudinal slits and the ognize Schott's separate genera, and in stigma is sessile. Blume emphasized the fact went a stage further than Engler different geographical distribution of the (1879) in distinguishing them at the rank sections as then known, with sect. Ischar­ of section rather than subgenus. Boissier um in the eastern Mediterranean region followed Engler in not accepting Leptope­ and sect. Biarum in the western Mediter­ tion at any rank, also referring it to section ranean. Ischarum. Boissier (1853) added two new species, Engler's (1920) revision of Biarum for B. spruneri and B. alexandrinum, but did Das Pjlanzenreich was the last compre­ not review any of the previous treatments. hensive treatment of the genus. Although He placed B. spruneri in sect. Biarum (as little had changed since his 1879 classifi­ sect. 'Eubiarum') with the note that B. cation, he published one new species, B. spruneri was apparently intermediate be­ straussii, and a number of subspecific tween sect. Biarum and sect. Ischarum. taxa. Biarum alexandrinum was assigned to Since the Pjlanzenreich account several sect. Ischarum. floristic examinations of Biarum have Schott and Kotschy (1854) raised Blume's been undertaken by various authors (e.g. sect. Ischarum to generic status with a sin­ Riedl, 1963, 1985; Mouterde, 1966; Talav­ gle new species, I. eximium. No mention era, 1976; Mill, 1984; Koach & Feinbrun, was made, however, of the three species 1986). Riedl (1980b) published a prelimi­ previously described by Blume for the nary summary of the genus together with sect. Ischarum and Schott (1856) eventu­ a key to the species. However, none of ally made the necessary new combinations these accounts attempts a comprehensive in the genus Ischarum. treatment and new discoveries and inter­ In his Synopsis Aroidearum, Schott pretations during the last fifty years have (1856) published seven new combinations made necessary this revision. and two new species for Ischarum. The new combinations included the two taxa TYPIFICATION described by Boissier (1853), Arum haen­ seleri published by Willkomm (1847) and During the course of this revision it has Biarum lehmannii Bunge (1851). The last been necessary to lectotypify a number of mentioned was later transferred to Emi­ names. The majority of these are names nium by Kuntze (1891). The new species published by Schott for which the types were I. kotschyi and I. dispar. were destroyed during the closing stages With the publication of Genera Aro­ of WW2. For lectotypes I have followed idearum (1858) Schott proposed two new the advice of Riedl & Riedl-Dorn (988) in genera, Cyllenium and Leptopetion, for B. selecting illustrations that were commis­ spruneri and B. alexandrinum respective­ sioned by Schott and prepared from living ly. The differences between the genera and herbarium specimens. These are concerned the presence or not of a style, known collectively as the !cones & Reliq- 4 AROIDEANA, Vol. 29 uiae Aroideamm. It has also been neces­ in A. & c. DC. Monog. Phanerog. 2: sary to lectotypify names based on types 575 (1879). Type: I. bovei (Blume) destroyed in Berlin. In these cases it has Schott (See Nicolson 1967). not been possible to trace any authentic Ischamm (Blume) Reichb., Deutsche Bot. material, but in some instances drawings Bd.1 Herbuch Nom. 32 (1841) & of the types exist and have been chosen Schott & Kotschy, Oesterr. Bot. Woch­ to serve as the lectotype. en. 4: 81 (1854). Biamm section Ischamm Blume, Rum­ INFRAGENERIC CLASSIFICATION phia 1: 112 (1836), Boiss., FI. Or. 5: 32 (1882). I. Subgenus Biarum [Biamm Sectio 1 Blume, Rumphia 1:112 Anthers with thecae dehiscing by apical (1836)] pores, connective barely prominent or flush with the anther surface. [Biamm Subgen. Eubiamm Engler in A. & Staminodes C. DC., Monog. Phanerog. 2: 572 absent above male flower zone. (1879) & in Engler, Das Pflanzenr. 73 (IV.23F): 134 (1920)] Species: [Biamm sect. Eubiamm (Engler) Boiss., 3. aleppicum Fl. Or. 5:31 (1882)] 4. angustatum Biamm subgenus Cyllenium (Schott) En­ 5. earduehorum gler in A. & c. DC., Monog. Phanerog. 6. eximium 2:574 (1879); Engler in Engler, Das 7. bovei Pflanzenr. 73 (IV.23F):136 (1920). 8. erispulum Type: B. spmneri Boiss. 9. dispar Cyllenium Schott, Gen. Aroid. t.9 (1858). 10. olivieri Type: C. spmneri (Boiss.) Schott 11. straussii Biamm sect. Cyllenium (Schott) Boiss., Fl. 12. syriaeum Or. 5:32 (1882). 13. earratracense Anthers with thecae dehiscing by ven­ 14. kotsehyi tral, longitudinal slits, connective beak-like 15. fraasianum and extending beyond the anther surface. 16. pyrami Staminodes hooked, rarely peg-like or fil­ 17. mendax amentous, mostly present above and be­ 18. auraniticum low male flower zone, rarely present only 19. ditsehianum below the male flower zone and then 20. davisii hooked. 21. marmarisense Biarum Schott nom. cons. in Schott & En­ Species: dlicher, Melet. Bot. 17 (1832) & Syn. 1a. tenuifolium ssp. tenuifolium Arokl. 6 (1856) & Gen. Aroid. t.7 lb. tenuifolium ssp. zelebori (1858) & Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 60-64 Ie. tenuifolium ssp. arundanum (1860); Pfeiffer, Nomen. Bot. 1(1): 1d. tenuifolium ssp. galianii 403-404 (1873); Engler in A. & c. DC., Ie. tenuifolium ssp. abbreviatum Monog. Phanerog. 2: 571-580 (1879) If. tenuifolium ssp. idomenaeum & in Engler & Prantl., Die Natlirl. Pflanzenfam. 149 (1889) & in Engler, Taxa of B. tenuf(olium are arranged by Pflanzenr. 73(IY.23F): 132-143 (1920); relative similarity and thus supposed rela­ Riedl in Aroideana 3(1): 24-31 (1980); tionship. Mayo, Bogner & Boyce, The Genera 2. rhopalospadix of Araceae, 266-268, PI.96 (1997). Type: B. tenuifolium (1.) Schott. Ho­ II. Subgenus Ischarum (Blume) Engler maid Adans., Fam. PI. 2:470 (1763) in PETER C. BOYCE, 2006 5 syn. nom. rejic.; Pfeiffer, Nomen. Bot. decurrent, ± cuneate, rounded or ± trun­ 1(2): 1658 (1874). Type: H. tenuifol­ cate apically, acute to obtuse basally, mar­ ium (L.) Adans.
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