Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning Bangkok, Thailand Academic Visit Monday, 16 December 2019

A Note from City Development, as a Centre of Bandung Metropolitan Area Ridwan Sutriadi

Head of Department of Undergraduate Program of Urban and Regional Planning Urban Planning and Design Research Group School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development Institut Teknologi Bandung 2019 • Bandung Metropolitan Area (Bandung Basin “Cekungan Bandung”) is a metropolitan area surrounding the city of Bandung, West Province, . It was home to 8.5 million people in 2014 and is composed of regencies and cities previously part of the Dutch East Indies era “Central Priangan Residency” administration. It is prepared to provide 5,5000 km2 and a population greater than 11 million people ( Provincial Regulation No. 12/2014). • in 2010, there were 56 districts that had urban characteristics in Bandung City, City, part of Bandung , part of West , and part of Regency. The 56 sub-districts are included in the delineation of Metropolitan Bandung Raya with a population of 5,813,269 people and an area of 106,015 Ha. Meanwhile, in 2010 the total area of the developed area reached 26,142 Ha or around 25 percent of the total area. Bandung Metropolitan Area Development Prediction (2012): 2010-2015-2020-2025 Development Issues: • Transportation: There are at least 32 points of traffic jams in the city of Bandung caused by economic activities (markets, street vendors, shopping centers, etc.), narrow roads, and intersections (Bandung City Transportation Master Plan, 2009). The points of congestion will increase at peak times and on holidays. Congestion also occurs in the area around the city of Bandung, 2010 2020 especially in areas directly adjacent to the city of Bandung. • Housing: there are 720,632 households or 39% of the total number of households in the Greater Bandung Metropolitan Urban Area where each household member occupies an area of residence per capita below the minimum standard, which is under 9 m2 • Clean Water: the fulfillment for clean water, (930.123.040 Public works 2010) sunken water table, clean water sources (domestic and non domestic based on 160 l/person/day). • Waste management: it needs 32 temporary landfills with each temporary landfill with a capacity of 1,000 m3 by 2025 to 2015 2025 accommodate waste production. • Absolute advantage is the advantage possessed by an area from the existence of natural resources and its history compared to that of other regions. Metropolitan Bandung Raya has an absolute advantage over the City of Bandung which is the Capital of the Province of West Java. Another absolute advantage is in terms of geographical, historical, and cultural heritage. • Comparative advantage is the advantage that an area • Competitive advantage is an advantage that is owned by an has because it has more or superior production area because it is experienced or because of the use of resources compared to that of another region. science and technology so as to create an edge in Accessibility is one of the comparative advantages of competition between regions. Metropolitan Bandung Raya Metropolitan Bandung Raya which makes this region has a competitive advantage in terms of creative and easily accessible by using various modes of innovative human and community resources. In addition, transportation. Other comparative advantages include this region is also home to world-class tertiary institutions the availability of trade and industrial facilities, as well from various fields of science and research and as textile and food processing industry workers. development facilities. Innovation Progress on Bandung City Governance BANDUNG AND CIMAHI Case study: Bandung city (inner city of Bandung metropolitan area), a capital city of West Java Province, Indonesia

THE BANDUNG METROPOLITAN AREA

WEST BANDUNG REGENCY SEVEN AREAS Research focus location: Bandung City, an inner city of FIVE POLITICAL 7 Metropolitan Bandung DISTRICTS

ONE PROVINCE BANDUNG AND CIMAHI 2B BANDUNG & CIMAHI Main land uses focus at the 1 1 border city area: CICALENGKA & JATINANGOR 2 TANJUNGSARI 6 settlement area-civic center- commerce&services- 2A 3 MAJALAYA industry-educational center- protected area 4 BALEENDAH

5 & KETAPANG Awards: In 2015, Bandung got award of the 6 CILILIN 5 least polluted city in the country 4 from the forestry and environment 7 & LEMBANG 3 ministry. And in 2017 got regional award from ASEAN as the cleanest BANDUNG REGENCY air among other major cities in Asean countries Bandung City, West Java Province

In December 2015, the creativity of Bandung City is legitimized by UNESCO through its acceptance as a member of UCCN (UNESCO Creative Cities Network) or UNESCO Creative City Network. Bandung city coupled with 114 other cities from 54 countries, including the city of with batik craft. There are seven creative areas in UCCN: traditional art and craft, design, film, gastronomy, literature, music, and media art. Bandung City was asked as a creative city of design. Bandung City's official website at UCCN claims that 56% of Bandung's economic activity is related to design. Fashion, graphic design, and digital media into the top three subsectors in the local creative economy of Bandung (Angger, 2017). The Emergence Bandung City Development Themes (can be used as task 0 until deciding ‘green public space topic’ as a case study)

At least there are five emergence development themes of Bandung which can be chosen as a case study for a general issue of eco city: 1. Bandung Urban Farming 2. Spasial a progressive NPO’s movement 3. Fablab, a global linkage to promote community based start up 4. An urban village of sablon 5. Teras Cikapundung The First Case: Bandung Urban Farming

Bandung Gardening or Bandung Urban Farming: a gardening community that seeks to utilize spaces to be more productive even in limited space to create better urban space quality by planting food crops developed by the community. Firstly developed by university’s students and adopted by the local government. However, the main actors are still volunteries university’s students. The Second Case: Spasial a Progressive NPO’s Movement

Spasial: It is one of the creative hub in Bandung located strategically, has a conducive environment and facilities that can stimulate the development of creative ideas as one of the elements of the development of Creative City The Third Case: Fablab, a Global Linkage to Promote Community Based Start Up

Founder: Neil Gershenfeld (known as Director of MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms) 2001: Many owners of ideas / craftsmen (makers), they have less access because of expensive equipment 2005: Formed Fablab Boston, Neil Gershenfeld 2017: 1,122 Fablab around the world? 3 Fablab in Indonesia Fablab global organization is established to facilitate continuous innovation by providing wide access for digital fabrication. It accommodates demand for operational activities, education, technical support, financial support (with certain commitment), and logistical matter. It is a kind of global participation in promoting innovation as a different point of view of creative building concept of Bandung City Government

Amsterdam Fab Lab at The Waag Society Bandung Fablab at Kopo Fourth Case: An Urban Village of Sablon 1990s: the initiation of sablon activities in Muararajeun. 2000s: the booming phase of sablon business supported by young generation indicating by the emergence of distros. 2015s: sablon village tourism is established by the initiation of the Head of Local Citizen Leader (Ketua RW 05, Mas Bram, as a part of At present, it has to compete with urban innovation movement other land use like commercial (PIPPK). area, private universities, as well as parking space and daily congestion. Fifth Case: Cikapung River Spot-Teras Cikapundung Urban innovation in responding creative city concept (IUCN) by transforming urban river from slum and disposal problem to open green public space to educate local citizen awareness in developing healthy urban living (2015- 2016). • Cikapundung River Spot: optimizing the ex parking spot to variety river based outdoor activities. • Teras Cikapundung: as a creative community outdoor meeting place. A Highlight of Communicative City towards Knowledgeable City Roadmap Research on Bandung Metropolitan Area Case study: Bandung city, a capital city of West Java Province, Indonesia

growth rate 1.59% per year (below West Java Province rate: BANDUNG AND CIMAHI 01 2.03%) with fertility rate 2.06 (below West Java Province rate: 02 Mobile technology and The ICT and Urban the challenge to 2.28). Development System promote a 2012-2014 communicative city 2011 2,393,688 inhabitants (2010 Research census) and 2,490,622 (BPS, 2018) Progress on the 06 03 Role of Government Services in Bandung has Bandung Raya Technology in Information Era and been expanded Innovation Valley theme cities era 2016- 2013 Urban Planning 2019 to 17,000 ha (1987), and the its area has been signed by National Land 04 05 Office Livable city: urban energy Technopolis Research and urban village research 2014-2018 2001 studied has 2014, 2018 been done to identify the physical condition at the border city of Bandung, and found out that planning control The initiation research on the role of technology in has to be strengthened to urban planning is begun with dissertation theme in cope with land use 2011 changes 3 types of innovation progress* 01 02 Mobile technology and The ICT and Urban the challenge to Personnel’s or Development System promote a Focus on group’s 2012-2014 communicative city creative 2011 creativities economy (creative class) Research Bandung Progress on the 06 03 Role of Government Services in Creativity of Focus on Bandung Raya Technology in Information Era and development encouraging Innovation Valley theme cities era 2016- 2013 Urban Planning 2019 facilitators and development strong Solo participation in governance neighborhood leader level 04 05 Livableble city: urban Technopolis Research Focus on energy and urban village 2014-2018 research Government’s enhancing 2014, 2018 creativity planning (resource management (self management) help) of local government

* Taken from Silver, Christopher, Sutriadi, Ridwan (2011). Steeering Green Economy through Adapting Urban The idea is to know the role of ICT in the government Creative Economy into Governance Ssytem in the Information Era. Case Study of Bandung, Solo, and Surabaya, Indonesia. Paper. Indonsian Regional Science Association, Universitas Andalas, , Indonesia to provide better services 01 02 Mobile technology and The ICT and Urban the challenge to Development System promote a 2012-2014 communicative city 2011

Research Progress on the 06 03 Role of Government Services in Bandung Raya Technology in Information Era and Innovation Valley theme cities era 2016- 2013 Urban Planning 2019

04 05 Livable city: urban energy Technopolis Research and urban village research 2014-2018 2014, 2018

The innovation progress by adapting technology is related to the character of the urban people 01 02 Mobile technology and The ICT and Urban the challenge to Development System promote a 2012-2014 communicative city 2011

Research Progress on the 06 03 Role of Government Services in Bandung Raya Technology in Information Era and Innovation Valley theme cities era 2016- 2013 Urban Planning 2019

04 05 Livable city: urban energy Technopolis Research and urban village research 2014-2018 2014, 2018

Varied technology can be used to enhance access, however this has to be accompanied by the willingness of to see ICT as a possible alternative in dealing with insufficiency of physical infrastructure 01 02 Mobile technology and The ICT and Urban the challenge to Development System promote a 2012-2014 communicative city 2011

Research Progress on the 06 03 Role of Government Services in Bandung Raya Technology in Information Era and Innovation Valley theme cities era 2016- 2013 Urban Planning 2019

04 05 Livable city: urban energy Technopolis Research and urban village research 2014-2018 2014, 2018

There has a bee a new sense of resource, when ICT has to be counted for, in order to promote more competitive and sustainable communities. 01 02 Mobile technology and The ICT and Urban the challenge to Development System promote a 2012-2014 communicative city 2011

Research Progress on the 06 03 Role of Government Services in Bandung Raya Technology in Information Era and Innovation Valley theme cities era 2016- 2013 Urban Planning 2019

04 05 Livable city: urban energy Technopolis Research and urban village research 2014-2018 2014, 2018

Technology is can be used as a planning tool to promote better planning management in the cities level. 2015 2017 2017 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018

To understand the concept To understand the of change, in terms of data The progress to promote To describe the trend in urban current and future to information and public awareness in planning planning theories/literatures of urban planning resources, from routine to in conjunction with local in responding disruptive era by the emergence disruptive approaches in wisdom and technology and the challenge for of the technologies digital era development Indonesian cities

To cope with To understand that the To understand the history To understand the Indonesian condition technologies are the of environmental concept of smartness in towards a new trends products of the knowledge awareness in planning tourism, and describing in environmental enhancement in responding towards the new concept the emergence of awareness and ICT (urban) problems by of sustainable industry 4.0 as a development creative-innovative manners development: SDGs-NUA challenge for urban planning-and tourism Next Book: Responding the new strategic urban policy in Indonesia 2020 • Urban development trends: mobility to compactness • Urban transformation • The concept of transit and connectivity • Planning dynamic in 21st century • Between city branding and city performance