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Water Sector 1 UNEP/GEF/START/TWAS: Assessment of Impacts of and Adaptations to Climate Change in Multiple Regions and Sectors (AIACC) AF42: IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION CAPACITY IN THE LIMPOPO BASIN OF SEMI-ARID LAND SOUTHERN AFRICA: THE CASE OF EASTERN BOTSWANA. Progress Report: July-December 2002 Opha Pauline Dube, Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private bag 0022, Gaborone, Fax: 267 58097, Tel: 267 355 2513: Email:[email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 B TASKS PERFORMED AND OUTPUTS PRODUCED........................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................... 4 NETWORKING, LINKS AND COMMUNICATING THE PROJECT............................................................ 4 IPCC Expert Group Meeting ......................................................................................................................... 4 UNDP/GEF/SMG Conference ....................................................................................................................... 5 WATER SECTOR.............................................................................................................................................. 5 Water Supply Component .............................................................................................................................. 5 Appointment of Graduate Research Assistants...........................................................................................................5 Data Collection ...........................................................................................................................................................5 Network Analysis .......................................................................................................................................................5 Data Analysis..............................................................................................................................................................6 Water Balance Study...................................................................................................................................................7 Water Demand Component............................................................................................................................ 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................8 Water Use/Demand in Kgatleng site...........................................................................................................................9 Domestic water uses ...................................................................................................................................................9 FOOD SECTOR............................................................................................................................................... 12 Crop Production Component....................................................................................................................... 12 Forest and Forest Products ......................................................................................................................... 12 Reconnaissance.........................................................................................................................................................12 Data Collection .........................................................................................................................................................12 Further Discussion ....................................................................................................................................................15 Livestock/Wildlife Component ..................................................................................................................... 15 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................15 Reconnaissance Survey-Bobirwa Site.......................................................................................................................15 Information from Secondary sources ........................................................................................................................16 Equipment purchase..................................................................................................................................................19 Research assistants....................................................................................................................................................19 Participation in other related research projects .........................................................................................................19 INFLUENTIAL FACTORS: LAND COVER/USE, LAND DEGRADATION AND FIRE........................... 19 Research Assistant ....................................................................................................................................................19 Satellite data..............................................................................................................................................................19 Topographic maps.....................................................................................................................................................20 Land cover land use..................................................................................................................................... 20 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................20 Reconnaissance trip- Bobirwa and Tuli Block..........................................................................................................21 Land degradation......................................................................................................................................... 22 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................22 Landscape features and land degradation..................................................................................................................22 AF42_Progress Report - January 2003 2 Land degradation and rainfall ...................................................................................................................................23 Wildfire Component..................................................................................................................................... 24 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................24 Current Fire Management System.............................................................................................................................24 Conclusion................................................................................................................................................................26 VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES ............................................................................. 26 Tourism Potential Component .................................................................................................................... 26 Tourism Resource assessment ..................................................................................................................................26 Tourist Profile to Cultural Sites in Botswana............................................................................................................27 Tourist attraction in the Limpopo Basin ...................................................................................................................28 Tourism Facilities - Bobirwa & Tuli Block ..............................................................................................................29 An Overview of Eco-tourism Potential.....................................................................................................................30 Potential impact of Climate Change on nature-based tourism ..................................................................................31 Vulnerability and Adaptation Capacity ....................................................................................................... 31 Recruitment of MSc Students ...................................................................................................................................31 Policy Review and Analysis .....................................................................................................................................32 Meeting Stakeholders: North East and Bobirwa .......................................................................................................32 C. DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED AND LESSONS LEARNT ..........................................................
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