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CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE PASADENA STAR -NEWS : THE FIRST HUNDRED YEARS A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Mass Communications by Kenneth Warren Chew May 1987 ----"';:---.--=-==---=~---lfl.~,p£ California State University, Northridge ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thousands of hours of my life were spent in acquiring the raw data that form the basis for this study. Countless more were spent in sorting, sifting, and weighing the information, then composing the words that appear on the following pages. But as self-sufficient as I would like to believe myself, I recognize the immense contributions made by many others before the completion of this work could be ensured. The important people include: My ever-supportive wife, Elaine, who suffered through countless nights and weekends without me while I gathered information and later wrote the chapters that she patiently critiqued. My three children, Lynn, Debbie, and Paul, who became "thesis orphans" during the project and learned to keep low profiles during the rare times that I was at home. My mother and father, Anne and Paul, who read the manuscript and offered personal observations about the Los Angeles area in earlier days and some of the important characters like Charles Paddock, who shared a French class at USC with my mother. Megs Meriwether, who provided tremendous insight into early-day Pasadena and invaluable advice on important community events; Charles Cherniss, Howard Collins, and other present and former Star-News employees, who helped immeasurably by sharing with me their knowledge of the newspaper; and Carolyn Garner, who guirled my way through thousands of feet of microfilm on past ne\vspaper issues at the Pasadena library--all· were instrumental in their respective areas. Drs. Tom Reilly, Michael Emery, and Ken Devol, who directed the project so capably. Maryann Gomes, who very nearly lost her job by helping make this thesis a reality. My everlasting gratitude to you all. iii p ' TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Acknowledgments iii Abstract v Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Review of the Literature 14 Chapter 3. Methodology 56 Chapter 4. The Vails Found the Pasadena Star 70 Chapter 5. The Star Goes Public 87 Chapter 6. A Half-Century Dynasty Begins 124 Chapter 7. The World War I Years 153 Chapter 8. Return to Normalcy 175 Chapter 9. The Depression to the Golden Age 210 Chapter 10. The Second Half Century 240 Chapter 11. Conclusions 313 Selected Bibliography 327 iv ABSTRACT PASADENA STAR-NEWS: THE FIRST IIDNDRED YEARS by Kenneth Warren Chew Master of Arts in Mass Communications On April 21, 1986, the Pasadena Star-News celebrated its one hun dredth anniversary of continuous publication. This thesis is a his tory of this past century and examines the newspaper under the various publishers and editors responsible for its production over the years. The information presented includes a view of the newspaper's politics and the interrelationships of the publication with the community dur ing its life. This research investigates these interactions and relationships through a comprehensive study of editorials, news stories, and opinion columns published by the Star-News since 1886, through an exhaustive content review. These data are supplemented by personal discussions and interviews with selected newspaper employees, both past and p:::-e sent, and other persons who are intimately familiar with the city of Pasadena, especially in the historical sense. The thesis addresses such issues as how changes in Star-News ownership affected the newspaper's philosophy, what effect did mergers have on the newspaper, and did group ownership introduce an economic stability to the Star-News that was lacking with family control. v CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TOPIC J. W. Wood, an early-day, influential Southern Californian and one of the founding fathers of Pasadena, writes that it was a "good paper, • • • rabidly Republican . [and] Pasadena's first real daily news- paper. 111 Les Wiltse, veteran newspaper production manager, says its 2 "goal is to reduce the number of composing room employees to zero. " Noted media critic, Ben Bagdikian, calls it "the most bizarre front page in the state. "3 And Typeworld, a leading trade journal in the publishing field, indicates that its "pagination system continues to be at the forefront of electronic prepress technology."4 The subject of these quotes is the Pasadena Star-News, a community newspaper that celebrated its hundredth anniversary of publication in 1986. This study follows the life of that newspaper since its first four-page issue was distributed on Wednesday, April 21, 1886, by the father and son team of H. J. and W. L. Vail. 5 In the following chapters, this history will examine the newspaper under the various publishers and editors responsible for its produc tion over the years, the political views it has favored under these different leaders, the interaction and relationship between the news paper and the city of Pasadena, and similar related topics. It culmi nates with the joint newspaper and city centennial in June 1986, which saw the Star-News currently serving in excess of 45,000 daily readers 6 in the thirteen communities that comprise the San Gabriel Valley. 1 2 FOCUS This history of the Pasadena Star-News focuses on the degree to which the newspaper has interacted with the city of Pasadena and its administrations through the successive publishers and editors of the publication during its hundred-year life. The research investigates these interactions through those editorials, news stories, and opin ion columns involving Pasadena policy as revealed by a comprehensive review of Star-News copies dating back to 1886. This shows the news paper's side of the story. To balance the study, the Star-News' views then are compared with data obtained during interviews and from print sources other than the newspaper. These data are studied without re gard to whether the Star-News article favored or rejected the position of the administration in control at that time. This thread is woven throughout the entire fabric of this study. RESEARCH QUESTIONS Particular attention will be paid to several questions considered vi tal to this research. The questions addressed by this study cover the entire life span of the Pasadena Star-News and its predecessors from the founding in 1886 to the current day one hundred years later. 1. How have successive publishers/owners changed the look and philosophy of the Star-News during its hw1dred-year history? 2. What effect have the newspaper's various mergers had on the Star-News/Pasadena relationship? 3. Did the purchase of the Star-News by a newspaper group intro duce an economic stability to the paper that did not exist under family ownership? 3 4. Did the gender of the Star-News publisher/owner influence or affect the newspaper's fonnat or otherwise cause changes in the coverage of political, editorial, or society-related material? 5. How did the Star-News view "boosterism" during the periods of high and low population growth in the area? 6. What factors have allowed the Star-News to remain in business for one hundred years? 7. Are circulation and profitability of prime consideration at the Star-News under Knight-Ridder? 8. How does this philosophy compare with the principal values of the newspaper under Prisk family ownership? SIGNIFICANCE OF WORK Community newspapers were the principal sources of infonnation in early California because of the limited communication techniques available during the latter part of the nineteenth century. This fact, coupled with the citizens' quests for information, resulted in newspapers exerting considerable influence on public opinion. 7 Remi Nadeau, for example, credited the Los Angeles News with in troducing more trade to the Los Angeles area in 1869 than "any other five men in the city." 8 Other early residents such as Judge Robert Maclay Widney used newspapers to spread the word on the benefits of Southern California living. Judge Widney authored a series of real estate articles in the 1870s proclaiming "the climate and agricultural advantages" of the Los Angeles area in an effort to induce population growth. 9 4 Charles Nordhoff, an early Southland resident, was probably the first to publish a "booster" book in 1873 that touted Los Angeles. It received widespread distribution throughout Canada, England, and the United States .. However, it wasn't until April 1892 that Gen. Harrison Gray Otis, later to be publisher of the Los Angeles Times, perfected the booster news release, which had been timed to coincide with the National Editorial Association's visit to Los Angeles. This release, which was aimed at the "back home" folk in Eastern cities, praised the virtues of Southern California weather and was the "earliest publicity handout in the history of journalism." (Ironically, that April visit saw the Los Angeles area register the highest temperatures recorded to date.)10 More convincing evidence of newspaper influence was the role of the local press in effecting the installation of a high protective fence atop the Colorado Street bridge that spans the Arroyo Seco and links Pasadena with Eagle Rock and Los Angeles. Before their action at the height of the Depression Era, seventy-nine persons jumped to their deaths from the structure, which by that time had earned the dubious title, "Suicide Bridge."11 In March 1930, Charles Prisk, Star-News owner and publisher, re- cei ved the coveted Arthur Noble Award for distinguished service to Pasadena. This award was in recognition of his personal contributions 12 and t h ose o f hIS. newspaper to t h e c1ty. and 1ts. res1.d ents. This study looks at the Pasadena Star-News as representative of the community newspaper, and, more importantly, one with the distinc- tion of having survived for one century of continuous publication.