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Drawn by Joseph Stella THE CALL OF THE STEEL WORKER BY LOUIS C. FRAINA THE INVISIBLE GOVERNMENT BY CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL G I Digitized by 00g e • JACK LONDON'S REVOLUTION llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll THIS address of Jack London is the most forceful piece of Socialist propaganda that has appeared for many years. It carries the message that the wage-workers of America need today. We have just published a new edition from new plates, large clear type, extra book paper, artistic cover, price I 0 cents postpaid. 10 or more by mail for six cents each. 100 or more by express, charges prepaid, for five cents each. 1,000 or more by freight, charges prepaid, for four cents each. These prices also apply to assorted copies of the following ten-cent books. The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels. No Compromise, No Political Trading, Liebknecht. Socialism, What It Is, Liebknecht. Evolution and Revolution (new), Mark Fisher. Socialism Made Easy, James Connolly. Shop Talks on Economics, Mary E. Marcy. Marxism and Darwinism, Anton Pannekoek. The N<'w Socialism, Robert Rives LaMonte. The Social Evil, Dr. J. H. Greer. The Question Box, Frank M. Eastwood. Industrial Socialism, Haywood and Bohn. Unionism and Socialism, Eugene V. Debs. The Right to Be Lazy. Paul LaFarg_ue. Victims of the System, Dorothy johns. Our Mental Enslavement, Howard H. Caldwell. The Strength of the Strong, Jack London. Crime and Criminals, Clarence S. Darrow. One Big Union, William E. Trautmann. The Socialistic Movement, Chark•s H. Vail. Socialist Songs With Mu<>ic, William Morris and · Value, Price and Profit, Karl Marx. [others. For $2.00 we will mail a sample set of the 22 books named above and will also send the International Socialist Review one year.

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Handaomely and durably bound in cloth; each contalnlne aa much matter aa the socloloelcal books sold by capitalist publlshen at $1.01 or more. Our price 50 cents a volume, postpaid. /

1. Socialism for Students, by Joseph E. 4. The Communist Manifesto, by Marx Cohen. and Engds; Also, No Compromise, A practical, simply-written manual of Socialist No Political Trading, by Wilhelm theory by an American wage-worker who has educated himself in the literature of Socialism Liebknecht. and has in this book outlined some of the best The Communist Manifesto, first written in 1848, stands alone, towering above all other so­ methods of study. His leading topics are: The cial and political writings in any or all lan­ Socialist Indictment, Socialist Economics, The guages. It contains the first clearly formulated Class Struggle, l-Iistorical Materialism, Socialism statement of the new working-class philosophy and Science, Socialist Sociology, Socialist Phi­ of life and of social progress ever given to the losophy, Socialist Statesmanship. world. It sums up the principles under which 2. Socialism, Its Growth and Outcome, by an ever-growing army of more than thirty mil­ lion working men and women have risen in re­ William Morris and Ernest Belfort volt against a dying social order which is rotting Bax. to pieces. This is a book that you can read This book is by two of the ablest writers of through in two hours, but you can come back t.:> modern times. The late William Morris was a: it fifty times, and at every reading you will learn the time of his death the greatest of English more and more. NO COMPROMISE is by poets, and was also the foremost English writer Liebknecht, a grand old fi~hter who did much of on Socialism. His collaborator, Bax, is one of his writing behind Prusstan prison-bars. This the most brilliant essayists in the English-speak­ book contains a much-needed warning to Social­ ing world. The present volume is not only ists all over the world to keep their movement charmingly written and full of interest from free from entangling alliances with capitalistic cover to cover; it also contains 244 p~es closely reformers. packed with the most vital facts relatmg to th~ development of human society from the cave 5. Socialism, Utopian and Scientific, by man to the billionaire and the wage slave. It is Frederick Engels. a thrilling history of the human race, ending This author shares with Marx the first rank with an inspiring sketch of the future society for among Socialist writers ; the two were close which Socialists are hoping and working. friends and co-workers, and although Engels al­ ways conceded the first place to Marx, his own 3. The Class Struggle, by Karl Kautsky. writings are scarcely less valuable. The present Kautsky is today the leading Socialist wtiter work explains and enforces a distinction which of Germany, and his writings are more generally the new convert to Socialism MUST grasp be­ accepted by Socialists of all shades of opinion fore he can be of any use in the movement. all over the world than are the books of any It is that all schemes for reconstructing society other living writer. The German title of this according to a pre-arranged plan by the har­ work is the "Erfurt Program." It is an explana­ monious efforts of all classes of society are tion of, and ariUment for, a declaration of prin­ UTOPIAN; they will come to nothing and they ciples adopted some years ago at Erfurt by the have nothing to do with the modern SCIEN­ Socialist Party of Germany,-a declaration TIFIC Socialism, which is based on the Oaas which is substantially the same as those en­ Struggle. dorsed by the Socialist Parties of America and of the various European countries today. The 6. The Social Revolution, by Karl Kaut­ book is divided into five sections : The Passing sky. of Small Production, The Proletariat, The Cap­ This book is in two parts. The first of these, italist Class. The Commonwealth of the Future, "Reform and Revolution," explains why it is The CJaas Struale. that Socialists call thems~ves revolutionists and

Digitized by Coogle 66 LIBRARY OF SOCIALIST CLASSICS . . . have no use for reforms. The second part, "The 11 . The Origin of the Family, Private Day After the Revolution," answers many of Property and the State, by Frederick the questions constantly being asked as to holt the Socialists would carry on industry and regu­ Engels. late social activities if they came into power. An American scientist, Lewis H. Morgan, through twenty years and more of original re­ 7. The Right to Be Lazy and Other search into the customs of the Iroquois Indians, Studies, by Paul Lafargue. discovered a mass of vitally important facts · 'f,bis writer, the son-in-law of . Karl M.arx, throwing a flood of light on the early history of recently deceased, was the most brilliant ~cialist our own race. These facts were so revolution­ writer of France. The opening essay in this vol­ ary. so subversive of "respectable" ideas, that ume is a keen satire on the stupid workingmen they were slow to be recognized at home (al­ who allow their minds to be infected with the though Morgan's theories are by this time uni­ capitalistic notion that industry is something versally accepted by scientists) . But one of the beautiful and desirable for its own sake. H~ first to grasp the truth and significance of Mor­ shows that if they were intelligent they would gan's work was Engels, the German Socialist, demand not "the right to work," but the right and he summed up Morgan's facts in popular. to be lazy, that is, to enjoy the comforts of life readable style in the present volume. In it with no more labor than that really needed for among other things he shows that the position producing them. Other studies in this volume of woman at any time and place depends on the are "Socialism and the Intellectuals," "The Bank­ mode of production, that woman's social posi­ ruptcy of Capitalism," "The Woman Question," tion has been repeatedly changed and will b.e "The Socialist Ideal" and "The Rights of the changed again by economic: changes, and that the Horse and the Rights of Man." overthrow of the capitalists, and nothing les~ 8. Evolution, Social and Organic, by Ar­ than this, will give woman the freedom she de· mands. Catholics denounce this book of Engels thur M. Lewis. as "free love." Study it for yourself and draw For some five years, a large audience, made your own conclusions. up almost entirely of wage-workers. has filled one of the largest theaters of Chicago every Sun­ 12. Value, Price and Profit, by Karl Marx. day afternoon, to listen to a weekly lecture on "Surplus Value" is one of the foundation prin­ Socialism or some kindred sbbjec:t. The lecturer ciples of Socialism; until you have at least a is Arthur M. Lewis, and this volume contains fairly clear understanding of this, the less talk the substance of the first season's lectures, which ing you do the better for the movement. For a attracted the crowds and laid the foundations for thorough and complete understanding of this the permanent success of the lectures. In thi.; rather difficult subject it is necessary to go to volume he traces the growth of the theory of Marx's "Capital," a work of over 2,500 pages, evolution from its fore-shadowing In the writings which sells for $6.00. But for the ordinary of the early Greek philosophers down to Dar­ reader this short work by the great writer will win, Haeckel and Spencer, and also shows how suffice unless the reader desires to become a the working-class theories of social evolution public speaker or writer. The book briefly ex­ have gradually won their way to the front even plains the process in modern machine production in the minds of the theorists of the universities. by which the employer buys the "labor power" of the wage-worker, pays for it just enough to 9. The Evolution of Property, by Paul keep the laborer alive and enable him to bring Lafargue. up children when he is worn out, while the This is a dear, concise history of "property laborer's product is sold and re-sold, yielding a rights" in the various forms of society from sav­ profit to all the various members of the capitalist agery to capitalism. It is full of ammunition dass and their hangers-on. to use on the conservative who is serene in the mistaken idea that there have always been rich 13. The World's Revolution, by Ernest and poor and who from this mistake goes on to Untennann. c:ondude that rich and poor must continue to This book is a vivid, eloquent story of the exist till the end of the world. Lafargue is al­ revolutions which have succeeded each other in ways readable and this is one of his best books. the world's history. All history is full of revo­ 10. Class Struggles in America, by A. M. lutions, but only the Socialist historian can un­ derstand or expl;lin their real meanin~[. In this Simons. book are chapters on the pre-histone revolu­ Some Americans foolishly imagine that this tions by which the women were subjected to country is so different from all others that no men, on the Roman Empire and the warring matter how dearly a law of social development classes within it, on the early Christian proletariat may have been proved from the facts observed and its mission, on the American Revolution of in Europe, it has no application in this country. 1776 and its reflex in France, on the bourgeois This little book is a careful compilation of facts, revolutions in Europe which made the capitalist · each fact proved by references to standard his­ supreme in the place of the landed aristocrat, torical authorities, which show beyond any rea­ and on the Proletarian World Movement which sonable doubt that the history of America, like is today not far from its final victory. the history of every other civilized country, has been made up of a continuous series ot struggles 14. The Evolution of Man, by Wilhelm between social dasses, and that these struggles · Boelsche. offer the one dear and complete explanation of The theories of Socialism are in one sense the outward facts of United States history. merely the general theory of Evolution applied

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to the growth of society, and no one can have a parallels with that of the United States and clear idea of Socialism without some knowledge many important lessons for American wage­ of Evolution. In this little volume we believe workers. This book contains the history of three that we are offering the very best short work on eventful years during which Louis Bonaparte, this subject Darwin wrote for specialists, and a nephew of the first Napoleon, succeeded in de­ he had all of a scientist's caution in making no stroymg a so-called republic and establishing statement which he could not prove. When he himself as emperor, which position he held until first outlined his theory of the descent of man, the German war of 1871. Marx shows how the many links in the chain of ·evidence were lack­ fall of the republic was brought about by the ing. Later scientists, working in the light of cowardice and inefficiency of the little capital· Darwin's theory, have supplied these links, and ists who cared more for their property than for Boelsche, one of the most successful and popu­ the freedom of any one, even their own. lar lecturers in Germany, has in this book traced, 19. The Militant Proletariat, by Austin with ample proofs, the ancestry of man back through the ape-like fossils, the lower mammals, Lewis. the reptiles, the fishes, the lower aquatic ani­ This is a study of present conditions in the mals, down to the simplest structures conststing United States, and especially of the rebelliou,; each of a single cell. lllustrated. wage-workers who must and will take the lead in the final overthrow of capitalism. Its analysis 15. The Positive School of Criminology, of the Socialist and labor movements in this by Ernest Ferri. countrr will be a great help to the newcomer in This volume, consisting of three lectures de­ clarifyang his ideas regarding the controversies livered at the University of Naples, Italy, is an over tactics which are now raging. The author's admirable summary of the Socialist theory of conclusion is that while the middle-class, reac­ crime and criminals. Ferri s)Jows that criminals tionary elements in the Socialist party may con­ .are not, as earlier writers have supposed, a race trol its activities for a while, nevertheless the of men different from others, which only needs development of the class struggle on the economic to be rooted out in order to suppress ~rime. He field will more and more force the party into a shows that what we call crime is the direct and revolutionary position and bring the militant inevitable outgrowth of certain economic condi­ proletariat into .control. tions, in other words, that most crime is caused 20. Socialism, Positive and Negative, by by poverty, and that conditions which increase Robert Rives LaMonte. poverty must and do increase crime. Thus the A volume of thoughtful and stimulating essaya. way to abolish crime is to abolish poverty, and The first of these, "Science and Socialism," is this means abolishing the capitalist, which is the one of the best short statements of Socialist aim of the Socialist movement principles ever written. The others, "Marxism 16. Puritanism, by Clarence Meily. and Ethics," "Instead of a Footnote,'' "The If you are a wage-worker, you probably have Nihilism of Socialism," "The Biogenetic Law,"' not much sympathy with puritanical ideas, but and "Kismet" are intended rather for advanced you might like to know why the puritans happen readers than for beginners. "The Biogenetic to be on earth, what they want, why they want Law" will be a particular aid to self-understand­ it, what they are doing to you and how you are ing for the Socialist who comes from the cap­ going to get rid of them. All this you will find italist or professional class and has only a book fully and clearly explained in this book by Clar­ knowledge of the class struggle. It will help ence Meily, a Los Angeles lawyer who is an him to a healthy distrust of his own inherited active member of the Socialist Party. prejudices and a healthy respect for the instinc­ 17. tive ideas of the wage-workers who are in the Ethics and the Materialistic Concep­ thick of the day-by-day fight against organized tion of History, by Karl Kautaky. capitaL One vital question which must be faced by every Socialist is our attitude toward capitalistic 21. Vital Problems in Social Evolution, ideas of what is right and moral If the capital· by Arthur M. Lewis. ists had to depend on force to keep the workers This is another valuable and interesting vol­ in subjection, their rule would end at once, for ume of lectures delivered at the Garrick Thea­ what force they can command would be as noth­ ter, Chicago. The titles are: "The Materialisth: ing before a united working class. They main­ Conception of History,'' "The Social Revolu­ tain their rule by imposing such moral adeas as tion." "The Socialist Theory of Panics," "The they like upon the children of the workers Paris Commune," "Spalding on Social Ques­ through the schools, the churches and the news· tions," "Engel's Reply to Duehring," "The papers. To refute these ideas, the workers need American Revolution and Thomas Paine,'' "En­ a clear understanding of the basis of ethics, and gels vs. Duehring on the Marxian Dialectic,'' to this understanding Kautsky's book here de­ "Value and Surplus Value," and "The Fallacil!!l scribed will prove a most important help. It is of Proudhon." in five parts : Ancient and Christian Ethics, The 22. The Triumph of Life, by Wilhelm Ethical Systems of the Period of the Enlighten­ ment, The Ethics of Kant, The Ethics of Dar­ Boelsche. winism, The Ethics of Marxism. An illustrated volume of ·tectures by the au­ thor is "The Evolution of Man." considered by 18. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis many critics to be even more interesting than Bonaparte, by Karl Marx. the former work. The central thought of the The history of France offers many striking book is the wonderful oower of tl}e life-force

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throughout the universe, and its constant triumphs privileged classes have tried to suppress science over the most hostile and unfavorable environ­ and enthrone superstition. The final chapter is ments. One of the most interesting passages entitled "Materialist Monism, the Science and describes the fishes of the deep seas, miles be­ 'Religion' of the Proletariat." low the surface. The twenty-six volumes above described are ar­ 23. Memoirs of Karl Marx, by Wilhelm ranged in such an order that if read consecu· tively they will give a clear idea of the funda­ Liebknecht. mental principles and theories of Socialism. For To most readers Marx is a far-off name of "1 the benefit, however, of any who may already big-brained economist who solved weighty prob­ have read part of them, or who find the descrip­ lems in the analysis of capitalism, only this and tion of any particular book uninteresting, we nothing more. But Liebknecht, who was Marx's offer the option of substituting any of the fol­ companion for years during his exile in London, lowing: shows in these memoirs a delightfully human side of Marx, so that by the time you have fin­ ALTERNATIVE VOLUMES ished reading this book "OU will love him as much as you admire him. Even those who know 27. God's Children, a Modem Allegory, nothing of Marx's writings will find this one of the most charming biographies ever written. by James Allman. 24. Revolution and Counter-Revolution, 28. Feuerbach: Roots of the Socialist by Karl Marx. Philosophy, by Frederick Engels. In Marx's darkest days of exile and poverty 29. Germs of Mind in Plants, by R. H. in London one preventive of starvation was a France. weekly check for five dollars which the New York Tribune sent him for a weekly letter on 30. Social and Philosophical Studies, by current events in Europe. He wrote these in Paul Lafargue. English, for Marx was an accomplished linguisL 31. Ten Blind Leaders of the Blind, by One series of these letters dealt with the Ger­ Arthur M. Lewis. man Revolution of 1848 and the counter-revolu· tion which followed it. After Marx's death his 32. The Art of Lecturing, by Arthur M. daughter Eleanor edited these letters for pub­ Lewis. I lication in the form in which they appear in our 33. Marx vs. Tolstoy, a Debate Between library. Here is a chapter of history written by the most comp~ent observer in Europe at a Clarence S. Darrow and Arthur M. time when the events described were the news Lewis. of the hour. 34. Out of the Dump, a Story by Mary E. 25. Anarchism and Socialism, by George Marcy. Plechanoff. 35. The End of the World, by Dr. M. Probably every Socia1ist and every Socialist Wilhelm Meyer. sympathizer meets occasional opponents whose only argument i_s to shout out the epithet of 36. The Making of the World, by Dr. M. "anarchist." It is also a deplorable fact that cer­ Wilhelm Meyer. tain members of the Socialist Party, caring more 37. Human, All Too Human, -by Fried­ for political offices than for hastening the down­ fall of capitalism, apply the same epithet to other rich Nietzsche. Socialists who differ from them over tactics. It 38. The Russian Bastile, by Simon 0. is therefore worth while to know exactly what Pollock. the difference is between Anarchism and Social­ ism, and this work, by a European Socialist 39. Capitalist and Laborer, by John whose standing in the party is unquestioned, Spargo. gives this information in convenient form. 40. The Marx He Knew, by John Spargo. 26. Science and Revolution, by Ernest 41. Life and Death, by Dr. E. Teichmann. Untermann. 42. Stories of the Struggle, by Morris This work is a history of the growth of the evolution theory from the time of the ancient Winchevsky. Greek philosophers to the present day, and of 43. What's So and What Isn't, by John the age-long struggle between science and re­ M. Work. ligious superstition. With a wealth of detail the author shows how the wage-workers have con­ 44. Sabotage, by Emil Pouget, translated vantly been on the side of science, while the by Arturo Giovannitti.

Special Midsummer Offer. For $10.40 caah with order received on or before Aupst 31, 1913, we wiU aend this library of 26 volumes by expreaa pre­ paid and wUI alao aend the International Socialist Review one year. No diacount on separate volumes. Addreaa Charles H. Kerr & Company, 118 West Kinzie Street, Chicago

Digitized by Coogle THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW 0 p. By AND F 0 R T Hi WORitiNG CLASS

EDIT~D BY CHARLES H. KERR • ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Mary E. Marcy, Robert Rivea LaMonte, William E. Bohn, LesUe H. Marcy, Frank Bohn, William D. Haywood, Phillips Russell

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The Invisible Government ..•...... •...... Charles Edward Russell I. W. W. at Work in Illinois ...... Illinois Manufacturers Assn. The Call of the Steel Worker. Illustrated ...... Louis C. Fraina The West Virginia Senatorial Investigation ...... Sigurd Russell Strike Settlements in West Virginia ...... W. H. Thompson The Ipswich Strike. Illustrated ...... !. S. Biscay Japanese Wrestling and the Jiu-Jitsu ...... S. Kata:,•ama The Agricultural Industry. Illustrated ...... Robert Johnstone T'Vheeler Good-bye, Morsel ...... : ...... W. S ..Morrow Living on Determination in Paterson ...... Phillips Russell' The Finnish Working People's College. Illustrated...... George Sirola Debs Denounces Critics ...... Ne1.u York Call A Reply to Debs ...... W. H. Thompson Socialist Theory and Tactics ...... Charles A. Rice Appeal from Greek Comrades. Illustrated ...... Miss Scat herd

DEPARTMENTS. Editorials: The Battle Front Shifting : Industrial Crises and Panics Immi- gration and Labor : International Notes : News and Views.

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READ SOc. a Year JUSTICE SOc.a Year That great weekly organ of the working class in the greatest industrial center of the world, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that you've heard so much about. Covers local and national Socialist and labor field without fear, favor or censorship by party autocrat, industrial idol, labor parasite or capitalist govern­ ment. Comprehensive in its review, but news treated with relative sense of importance and propor­ tion. No space wasted on sentimental "bull con." If you subscribe now you will get the real inside stuff about the Betrayal of the West Virginia Red Necks running serially, by Fred H. Merrick, its editor, a native West Virginian, who is charged with editing the Labor Argus during weeks previous to confiscation of that paper by Gov. Hatfield. Merrick was arrested outside military zone by militia without writ or warrant, and held 24 days in the filthy Kanawha County jail without a hearing. Before serial is finished he will make public hitherto unpublished facts showing connection of certain U. M. W. of A. and Socialist Party officials with the affair, which will produce sensation. Send 5 Oc. for yearly subscription to

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VOL. XIV AUGUST, 1913 No.2

The Invisible Governtnent By Charles Edward Russell

HE whole world knows now the speech. The worst things they have ever truth about the National Associa­ said about labor and labor leaders are T the tion of Manufacturers, just as the but feeble indictments compared with radicals have always asserted it. things they have now actually proved The whole world knows now what the about themselves. Parrys really are and the Kirbys and If every false charge they have brought Van Cleaves, just as the labor press and against labor had been true, the men the radicals have always declared them they denounced would have been in­ to be. The world knows exactly by what finitely less the enemies of the republic methods these smug gentlemen were able than they themselves are known now to be. to carry on their warfare against labor. There· can be no public enemy so It knows how much of lying and hypoc: menacing as he that goes covertly to risy and slimy fraud there was in their work to control the government for the pretenses about "freedom of contract" exclusive benefit of a single powerful and "law and order." class and nullify the laws for his own ad­ Their "freedom of contract" was the vantage. freedom to make secret and disreputable Also, unthinking, complacent, easy­ arrangements for the votes of Congress­ going Americans have learned something men; the law they believed in wa!! the else from these disclosures. law of their own profits; the only order For many years those that are so sit­ they upheld was their own to the end uated that they can see the inner phases that they might get cheap labor and make of affairs have been steadily asserting that more -money. the actual government of this country was The revelations are complete, docu­ not the president, congress and the courts, mentary and unanswerable. There is no not any body or power created or recog­ chance here to yell "Liar!" and "Muck Rak­ nized by the Constitution, but always a er !" and make clamor serve for refutation. combination of important business inter- The National Association of Manufac­ ests. _ turers has been unmasked, not by a vile These Interests were in fact the real, Socialist or a "pernicious agitator," but if invisible, government. They_issued by its own agent and from its own- files. their orders and the puppets that filled No one now need assert that it is a dan­ the ostensible places of power, obeyed. gerous and lawless organization, working We have said that these Interests never vast evil to society and the government; failed to get what they wanted; that their its own documents and records have hands were discernible in every piece of proved it to be worse than that. Its mem­ important legislation; that they selected bers and leaders have shown in times the cabinets and made or unmade laws past a marvelous command over abusive as they pleased ; that in this country the 71

Digitized by Google 72 THE INVISIBLE GOVERNMENT people really had little to say about their campaign fund, there would be no occa­ affairs; that the real authority resided not sion to bribe him afterward. He is al­ in the people, but in a few rich men that ready bought and paid for. Bribery I were able to control the people's repre­ Why, a man can be bribed with his own sentatives and bedevil the government. money as easily as with another man's. To this charge a great number of inno­ He can be bribed by his ambitions, po­ cent old souls and some that were not so litical chances, or hopes of a career. He innocent were in the habit of responding can be bribed by his wife's social aspira­ with indignant denials and much denun­ tions. He can be bribed with a rich man's ciation. "It is utterly untrue," they were wont to say, "that the government of this smile or an invitation to dinner. He can country is controlled by the corporations be bribed with the prospect of profes­ and rich men." And now Colonel 1\ful­ sional success, or the chance of good in­ hall and his irrefutable documents and vestments. 20,000 letters has settled for all time that I have known many a member of Con­ the muckrakers and Socialists were tell­ gress that was constantly under the in­ ing the absolute truth. fluence of bribes of this sort ..and still Not only that, but the world knows never took a dollar for a vote and would now the exact method by which the con­ not take one. And yet bribed just as trol was and is effected. truly as the most corrupt man that ever "There is very little corruption among lived. Nearly all the members of both public men in America," said recently an houses are lawyers, and lawyers are the eminent authority. "Not many members easiest men in the world to bribe. They of Congress can be bought on any terms must have cases and a practice. Big whatever." Why, of course not. Why Business has an immense patronage to buy what you already own? When the dispense in the way of profitable cases. National Association of Manufacturers Scores of Congressmen have had cases goes into a ~ongress district, nominates a man of its own choice and supplies his that came direct from these controlling interests, and yet not one of them could ever be convicted of the least impro­ priety. A man cannot very well vote against his own client. Where this kind of moral bribery is not enough, a great power like the Na­ tional Association of Manufacturers, with unlimited money and a vast army of un­ scrupulous agents can wield an almost irresistible political dominion. As shown so clearly and repeatedly ·in the confes­ sions of Mulhall, it can go into the dis­ trict of a member that is not obedient to its order and beat him for renomina­ tion or at the polls. You can carry prac­ tically any election if you have money enough. It is not only the power to pur­ chase votes and pile them up in the bal­ lot box. There is another and far greater power in the hands of organized wealth. It can and does control the press and every day poison the minds of thousands of voters that never suspect the nature of the stuff they are imbibing. It is not direct attacks upon the doomed man that · does the business. It is the continual "COLONEL'' KULBALI.. raising of false issues and the distortion CHARLE-S EDWARD RUSSELL 73 of others, the things twisted in the news patriots. They have merely told in ad­ columns, the things subtly colored and vance what has been finally revealed and turned that are effective now. The edi­ clinched. What nonsense to talk about a torial opinion is worth very little. Big republic when every source of power lies Business cares not much about the edi­ in the hands of an irresponsible oligarchy, torial utterances. But with the control self-appointed and self-perpetuating, to of the news department it can do about which neither the Constitution nor all the as it pleases in any election. laws that can be passed mean anything! Every Congressman wants to "get A grand company of foolish, prating, back." As soon as he takes his seat he mouthing incompetents called optimists becomes obsessed about the next election. goes to and fro in this country uttering The chances of distinction in oRe term stale old stuft about the sacredness of or two terms are mighty small. Distinc­ the Constitution and the glory of our in­ tion goes with length of service; so like­ stitutions, and there is no Constitution wise depends power. There is a strange and ,no institutions. Read the Mulhall fascination to most men about sitting in matter again, and carefully, and see- if Congress and a strange and overmaster­ this is not true. A band of respectable ing horror of being defeated for re-elec­ pirates like the National Association of tion. Along comes an institution like the Manufacturers can rip your Constitution National Association of Manufacturers, from end to end any moment. Can. do, with unlimited means, with a close or­ and has done it; again and again. In the ganization, with thousands of newspapers name of law and order. under its .control, with the full backing For the part of the population that has of powerful commerCial bodies, boards of been slow to perceive basic facts this is trade, merchants' leagues,· clergymen, re­ the most valuable and significant revela­ formers, platitudinists, flub-dub orators, tion that has yet been made. After this social leaders, sap-head women, sputter­ no man can have the effrontery to stand ing dodos like Lyman Abbott, goo-goos forth and deny the truth about the real and all the rest that sway an incakulable government of the United States that we influence in the district. It can enable have been patiently insisting upon all this man to "get back;" or it can defeat these years. Until these things have been him and send somebody else, and men of set right and this abnormal power has flabby character (which is about the only been destroyed, no man ought to be bold kind that usually gets to Congress, any- enough to talk again about the supremacy way) will yield .every tim~ . · of the people. · The only thing that ·is The next thing we know this National supreme here is a few groups of rich men Association of Manufacturers is choosing united to keep labor down that they may th.e Speaker, making up the committees, make additional millions and own ten selecting the judges, passing the- laws automobiles ·instead of only six. that it wishes to have passed and killing For that is all tliere·was of inspiration those it wishes to have killed, and the to this despicable organization. It set whole government is as truly in its hands out to defeat the · labor movement and as if all the forms of popular institutions make war upon the unions that there had been abolished and we· had reverted should be no danger of a revolt on the to an absolute despotism. It is, in fact, part of labor, that labor should continue no less. There never was an absolute tc serve for a small fraction of the wealth monarch in history that was possessed it created and allow its masters to take of anything like the power enjoyed in the rest, that wages should continue to this country by organized wealth. Again be low and . dividends be high, that every and again a few of us have made this as­ thought of better conditions and a more sertion and been denounced as monstrous liars and traitors to the nation. Turn to­ adequate return for labor should be day to the documents presented by this stifled at the beginning and the graft of man Mulhall and see who is the liar. The the masterly class continue to be goodly. Socialists that have steadfastly warned "Keep labor in its place," was the motto the people that their rights were being of this institution. And the way it aimed undermined have in fact been the truest to keep labor in subjection was to control

Digitized by Coogle " 74 THE INVISIBLE GOVERNMENT the government by the means Mulhall every measure that can be of the slightest has so plainly shown. advantage to ·labor, whose objections I do not know how much more the have been raised almost daily on the side working class of America needs to have of privilege, who sits in the Senate watch­ shown it about its masters and despoilers. ing like a hawk lest anything should be The money that the N a tionaI Association done to improve labor's condition. of Manufacturers. has spent to rivet its Ex-Senator Foraker, the friend of the hold upon this government would have Standard Oil, who was driven out of pub­ been a substantial addition to the wage lic life by the publication of the Archbold fund. Every cent of it was money stolen letters. from the class it was used to degrade and Ex-Speaker Cannon, the Cave Dweller, oppress; every cent of it was wealth that the old-time and ranting opponent of Ia bor had created and of which it had progress, the ex-dictator of the House been defrauded. For the corruption and whose methods there aroused a tardy re­ perversion of their government the work­ volt that finally drove him out of power, ers therefore paid, and their. reward was the conspicuous hater of labor, who has to have still smaller consideration from covered it with his ridicule and expres­ their government and a more narrowly sions of hatred, who for forty years in limited fielp of opportunity for their chil­ public life has fought every suggestion dren. of improvement. There are other phases of this matter The late Vice-President Sherman, the on which they might reflect with profit. champion of the Beef Trust and the Mulhall distinctly states that among packers, the man that with his last breath the public men controlled by the associa­ decried the least change in our methods, tion was a class that was not purchased the man that as Vice-President of the with money or any other valuable con­ United States left his place to go to Chi­ sideration. Certain men, he says, "the cago and try to save Bill Lorimer. lobbyists of this association had no diffi­ Ex-Senator Aldrich, the ex-boss of the culty in reaching and influencing fot Senate, the man whose name became a business, political or sympathetic rea­ synonym for the worst influences in our sons." Every workingman should read political affairs, who sat in the Senate as and ponder upon 'the list of these men. the particular representative of the Stand­ It includes many of the most prominent ard Oil, who served the Interests for enemies of labor and professional re­ twenty years in public life. actionaries in the country. Here are Senator Isaac Stephenson of Wisconsin, some of the men he names: who was investigated on a charge of get­ William H. Taft, the original injunc­ ting his seat through the rankest brib­ tion judge, the president that vetoed the ery, who narrowly escaped expulsion on Sundry Civil Bill because it exempted that ground, who was scored and de­ labor unions from the perverted and nounced by a minority report of the com­ wrongful application of the Sherman act, mittee that whitewashed him. who was the man that now lectures weekly at revealed in an unenviable light by the Yale University against the initiative, testimony taken before that committee. referendum and recall and opposes every Senator Knute Nelson, the adroit measure that would put power into the friend of the Interests and covert enemy hands of the people, the ingrained snob of labor. and aristocrat. Ex-Senator Scott, of West Virginia, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, the man defender of the Trusts. that fought the investigation of the Law­ Ex-Congressman Charles E. Littlefield rence strike, the sneering patrician whose of Maine, whose bitter antagonism to contempt for the working class has been labor at last awoke a revolt and com­ shown on many occasions. pelled his retirement, who was selected Senator Jacob Gallinger, who fought by President Roosevelt to draft anti­ the eight-hour bill, who slipped into the Trust legislation and was all the time Congressional Record a false statement of in the service of the Interests. the wages paid at Lawrence, who opposes Congressman Bartholdt of Missouri, CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL 75

lately exposed as begging steamship com­ So long as they keep this up we shall panies for reduced fares on the ground have the inevitable results. that legislation in which they were inter­ Some persons are ·crying out against ested was coming up. the National · Association of Manufac­ Jim Tawney of Minnesota. · turers, as if we could change so~ething ]. Adam Bede, the smooth tongued if we could abolish that. Republican orator, accustomed to make If the National Association of Manu­ particular pleas to the workingmen. facturers should cease to exist tomorrow Former Governor Herrick of Ohio, an another organization or power of the adroit and plausible politician noted for same kind would take its place, continue his friendly talks to the working class. its tactics and not one condition revealerl And thirty-one other members of the by Mulhall would undergo the slightest House and Senate, every one of whom · change. had been elected by the votes . of the Yet all the time the fact remains that workers. this working class thus·defrauded and de­ These in addition to the men named by rided, is the vast majority of the United Mulhall as the recipients of money, di­ States, that it has in its l!ands the power rectly or indirectly paid. to put an. end to the whole monstrous A large part of these lists represents imposition, that it need not submit an­ deliberate betrayal of the workers; a other day, that it and it alone can make small part represents the men that, like this country fit to live in, both for itself Lodge, are natural aristocrats and de­ and for all the rest of the inhabitants. spise labor on principle. For the one remedy for all this and the Such is the situation in your country one way out lies in working class gov­ today. ernment and working class solidarity. The first lesson for the working Class Never was the essential unity of the to learn from it is that so long as it puts employing class more clearly shown than the least trust or confidence in any po~ in the Mulhall revelations. Never was litical party but its own it will have ex­ the cold purposes of that class to keep actly these conditions. the worKer~ in subjection by any means, So long as it votes parasites into office however lawless, more plainly indicated. it will have grafters and traitors in power. It was that the workers might have al­ So long as it deludes itself into the be­ ways upon their necks the feet of the lief that it can trust anybody outside of masters that all this riot of corruption its own class it will be thus tricked, and deviltry was planned. It was to fooled and defeated. s~rike at the working class that all thi~ So long as we have a government con­ enormous organization of evil was per­ ducted by the minority of the country fected. The working class was the thing the exploiters will control that minority to be s"bdued, the working class was the and the government. target of all the dirty schemes. War was So long as we have any kind of a gov­ declared on the working class. Never ernment except working class govern­ let any member of .the working clas!:l ment we shall have these consequences. imagine that for a hatred so deadly there Year after year the workingmen of this can be any compromise or modification. country go to the polls like a flock of The war will go on. One tool having sheep and vote into office lawyers, bank­ proved worthless in the hands of the ers, merchants and tricksters. Year after year these steadily protect and serve master class others will be substituted. their own class. Year after year the But always there will be this malign and working class gets nothing from the gov­ tremendous warfare made upon you to ernment but lies and broken promises keep you in your place as the servitors and sidetracked bills for labor's relief, and wealth creators for parasites and and always the privilege of paying more idlers. and more for the necessaries of life. What is your answer?

Digitized by Coogle 76 THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW

CHAIIlLU lltlu, h...... ,. H G. HlftOIT. YIC&·PIIH•utr EDWAI!tO N. HURLIY. 8KOfiD Y~UIMMT a. M. HA8nN... TUA8U... \..olllriC ...., Co.. Cltte:AOO P'&MUI W ..OIII CO.. P'CK.... Mut!Lft IIACII.. I Co.. CMtCAM lilOtlaYWII.. 'r~t:o~CMICA ..

DIIIECTOIIS ILLINOIS MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION DIRECTORS JoHN E. WILDIR CNtCA.. P. A . P'n'lllt80N lteac,...e wn•. oc• a Co AMERICAN TRUST BUILDING Lt~tMNti'Wbrtv.. Co. JoHN r: WOL.PI' C•~.-o e.. Wo"'' .,•. C• o-r I', .loOW LA~I w"'""' C..occ c.. EMIL.& J. R:oa1 c ...ca..o TCt..&,.,..ONQf:=~IC ':a: •• CMA.L.I8 J. VOPICKA CNteaee M.ao... aco A~ ..IIW ... eCo. WM. aunr~~twO"'" No..•,.• W. S. P'RAZIIIt · AUAOM c.-Pe.~tv DII•IA CHICAGO w . e. P~uaco. w. c. THftAIHift IAU 8T Lev. A\.f'IIIID-H. MULLUC&N CMICAee Ato.l IROOPIMe Mro Co. Pwn'•ltONL MWio4.tK&M 6 CO. ~OHN M W. W. BUCHANAN CMICAOO GLENN HO.. ARD COOHL.IIY C"YM .....YAWTIIIIC. ' a&cRnARY COOIILCY MM. CO,.

IIAv ~6, 1113. CONFIDENTIAL I. W. OF W. AT WORK IN ILLINOIS

TO MEMBERS

FOR THE I'URI'OSI 0~ OSTAINING FACTS UI'ON WHICH TO lASE A COURSI 01'

ACTION FOR THE ASSOCIATION THE OIRECTO~S REOVEST THAT EACH MEMIER FURNISH THE

S~CRETARY .NY IN~ORMATION IT MAY H~VE CCNCERNING THE ~F~ORTS OF EITHER THE

INOUST~IAL WORKERS OF THE WoRLD OR OF ORGANIZED LABOR TO WIDIN THIIR MEMaiA-

SHII' ANO INI'LU!NCE AMONG EMPLOYES.

WORD HAS COME FROM WIOELY SI'REAO SOURCES 0~ HIOHLY INCREASED AC-

TIVITY ON THE I'•RT 01' THE INDUST~IAL WoRKERS OF THE WORLD AND IT II FELT THE

ASSOCIATION SHOULD GIVE SOME THOUGHT TO THE SUBJECT IN ORDER THAT IT MAY II

PREI'AREO I'OR UNITED ACTION IF IT IS NECESS•IIY,

HAVE YOUR WORKMEN IEEN CIRCULAAIZEO IY THI OIIOANIIERI 0~ THE IN-

OUSTRIAL WORKERS 0~ THE IORLO OR OTHER ORGANIZATIONS?

HAVE YOU UNCONSCIOUSLY EMI'LOYED ANY 0~ THE AGENTS 01' TNE INDUSTRIAL

WORKERS OF THE WORLD?

PLE-SE GIVE us ALL THE INFORM.TION YOU CAN ON THE IUIJICT~ IT WILL

·IE ·~E&TEO AS ABSOLUTELY CONFIDENTIAL. . 41..50 GIVE us THE NAME O.F THE "IRION .,,

YOUR PI.,ANT WITH WHOM WE SHOUI..O COMMUNitATE ON THIS SVIJICT.

JOHN M. GLENN,

$ECRETAit't 1 Photo by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y. DRAWING OUT A STEEL BEAM 90 FEET LONG. The Call of the Steel Worker By Louie C. Fraina

"I NEVER had a strike as long as I The lie was too much for the com­ was in the steel business." mittee. It was such a crass, palpable, Andrew Carnegie, Angel of Peace stupid lie. Carnegie was compelled to with the heart of steel, made that retract and admit strikes. But having astounding statement to the Stanley Steel saved its neck, the committee wished to Investigating Committee. Expansively, go no further, and decided that the bloody benignantly, Andrew of the gentle soul annals of Homestead were "really ex­ and cultural urge gave his lying testi­ traneous to the investigation." mony-under oath. Homestead? Brad­ "Let's not open up the old sores," docks? pleaded Congressman Gardner, Repub- T7 Digitized by Coogle.... 78 THE CALL OF THE STEEL WORKER

lican, who has since been revealed as a Simultaneously, total wages have been tcol of the National Association of Manu- reduced, and individual wages only slightly facturers by Lobbyist Col. Mulhall. increased. Comparing this slight increase "I agree with Mr. Gardner that .tt ~,.with _higher prices, actual wages have bee11 would be unkind to Mr. Carnegie," · Juavily reduced. acq1,1iesced Stanley, Democrat. . >From 1902 to the quarter ended Ma'rch "Unkind"? Men slain in cold blood to , 31, · 1913, Steel Trust profits total insure profits; unionism crushed. · .Where $1,397,383,092. With the exception of at Homestead there was· one plate 1904 and 1908, yearly profits have always mill in 1892 employing three crews of . exceeded the hundred-million·mark-166- men working eight hours a day, n:ow odd millions in 1902, 160-odd millions in there are four mills, each with two crews, 1907, etc. The lowest profit was in 1904, working twelve · hours a day; work in- being 73-odd millions. And these profits creased 50 per cent arid wages only 20 ·are even huger than the figures show, for per cent. "Unkind"? It is "u!lkind" ~ ·by overcapitalization, financial jugglery remind the perpetrator of th1s of h1s and a misleading system of accounts, villainy; but it is not "unkind" for such . profits are systematically underestimated. degrading conditions to exist. Blessed · Obviously, the Steel Trust has been a be Capital in its Holiness! bonanza to its owners. Heavily-capital- This typical piece of Capitalist hypoc- · ized industry pays. But this "prosperity" risy has since been· pQt into the shade. is a sort of mirage in the desert to the As with machinery, Cap'italist hypocrisy proletariat. of yester-year is always being improved· Examining the figures compiled by the upon-progress in all things! Testifying Bureau of Labor report for the pig iron for the defense in the suit to dissolve the branch of the Steel Trust, we ascertain: United States Steel Corporation, former L In Pennsylvania ~ills in 1902 the Ambassador Bacon said that "love of his !I)ust employed 17,191 men, who produced fellow-men," of the workers (I_?!), was 8,l:tl,OOO tons of pig iron. - the basic motive that led J. Pierpont 2. ·In 1909, the workers had decreased Morgan to organize the steel trust. ''His numerically to 14,921; yet their output first great object," testified_ Mr. ~aeon,' i11creased 2,610,024 tons-they produced "was by reason of the decrease 10 the 10,721,024 tons of pig iron. And the me1;1 cost of production. t? make it possible. to . were employed fewer days I . · improve the conditions

GROUP OF SLA\'U.: STEEL WORKERS. labor is increased by the form of work-­ 1910, embracing 212 blast furnaces and large co-operative activity, "the collective steel plants, employing 172,706 men. power of masses." Of the total 172,706 employes, 13,868, 3. This increased productivity proceeds or 8.03 per cent, received less than 14 simultaneously with relatively lesser num­ cents per hour; 20,527, or 11.89 per cent, ber of employes; hence increasing unem­ received 14 and under 16 cents; and ployment and competition, thereby prevent­ 51,417, or 29.77 per cent, received 16 and ing a general rise in wages. under 18 cents. Thus 85,812, or 49.69 per 4. While marshaling the workers into cent of all employes, received less than an industrial army, Concentrated Capital 18 cents per hour. succeeds in destroying the potential Those receiving 18 and under 25 cents proletarian power of this army by divid­ per hour numbered 46,132, or 26.71 per ing the workers with a variety of cent; while 40,762, or 23.61 per cent, schemes. earned 25 cents and over. A few very 5. The workers only gradually awaken highly skilled employes received $1.25 to a sense of the power which is theirs per hour; and those receiving SO cents by being organized in the "labor army" and over per hour numbered 4,403, or of Concentrated Capital; but the awaken­ 2.55 per cent of all employes. ing comes, sooner or later. Figuring on a 12-hour day, 131,944 em­ 6. In the meantime, Concentrated Capi­ ployes, or 76.4 per cent of the total, re­ tal sweats out of the proletariat fabulous ceived from $1.68 to $3.00 in daily wages, profits, while actually paying less wagea, while half of the men received from $1.68 and, socially measured, making worse the to $2.16. · condition of the proletariat. On February 1, 1913, the Steel Trust The Bureau of Labor recently made made "a general increase in wages and public a special report of its investigation salaries, averaging for employes receiv­ into the iron and steel industry as a whole. ing less than $2 per day about 120 per The investigation covers the period of May, cent." We do not know whether the in-

Digitized by Coogle 80 THE CALL OF THE STEEL WORKER

IN FRONT OF THE FURNACES. crease has actually been made; we must earn that. They must, therefore, live a take Chairman Gary's word for it. But materially sub-human existence. if it has, the "increase" is a mere bagatelle Not only are wages low, but hours of compared with the gigantic rise in the work are extraordinarily high. Of the ccst of living and the yield of profits. 172,706 steel workers investigated by the - It must be observed that despite this Bureau of Labor, 50,000, or 29 per cent, "increase" in wages, which Gary claims customarily toiled seven days per week, is $12,000,000, profits of the Steel Corpo­ and 20 per cent sweated 84 hours or more ration for the first quarter of 1913 were per week, which means a 12-hour work­ higher from "eight to twenty million dol­ ing day every blessed day in the week, lars for eight years, and lower from five including Sunday. Nearly 43 per cent of tc· two millions for three years. So huge the men were found working 72 hours is labor's yield of surplus value in trusti­ per week, or 12 hours per day for a 6- fied industry that profits are always larg\! day week. Men often toil 20 to 30 hours despite "increased operating expenses." at a stretch. A plan is being mooted to The picture drawn by steel mill wage:' give the 7-day men one day off a week, is one of grinding, agonizing toil, of a ma­ but this would not affect the 72-hour a chine existence-just enough oil in the week men. Toil would continue fright­ form of wages to keep the human ma­ ful. chine going. The $1.68 to $2.16 · daily The hypocritical plea of the steel wage is even lower, considering that few barons is that a "metallurgical necessity'' . steel workers are steadily employed. So­ exists for the 7-day week, for continuous cial workers estimate that $700 to $800 operation. But this continuous operation is the minimum yearly income to sustain could be secured without sweating the a proletarian family on common neces,­ men seven days a week. The plea is a saries. Most of these steel workers never d&stardly subterfuge. The investigators LOUIS C. FRAINA 81

HOLDING A WHITE HOT BILLET UNDER THE HAMMER. developed the fact that the 7-day week less competing iron and steel manufac­ was not confined to the blast furnace de­ turers will also enforce a less than 12- partment, where there is a "metallurgical hour day, the effort to reduce the twelve necessity" for continuous operation, and hours per day at all our works will re­ where 88 per cent of the men toil seven sult in losing a large number of our em­ days a week; but it was found that, to a . ployes, many of them preferring to take considerable extent, iq other departments positions requiring more hours of work where no "metallurgical necessity" ex­ per day." ists, work was carried on Sundays, for A mesh of hypocritical pretense. The purely commercial, profit-mad reasons. matter of competition cuts no figure, for In an effort to silence public opposition the "trust" has "gentlemen's agreements" the Steel Corporation made a bluff to with the "independents" not only con­ remedy these horrible conditions. A cerning prices, but conditions of labor ccmmittee of stockholders was appointed also. They are agreed to crush labor, but to investigate the 12-hour day, which said do not wish to agree to "improve" labor. among other things : Another subterfuge John A. Fitch ex­ "We are of the opinion that a 12-hour poses in the Sur·uey: day of labor, followed continuously by "Of course, nothing is said in this re­ any group of men for any_ considerable port, nor was anything said at the stock­ number of years, means a decreasing of holders' meeting, as to the real reason the efficimcy arid lessening of the vigor why workers leave their positions. and virility of such men." (My italics.) "The facts are that the cost of this re­ The Finance Committee then appointed form was borne by the men. The Steel a sub-committee which reported against Corporation did not pay its men their old the change at the stockholders' meeting earnings for their new six-day stint." of April 21, 1913, on the ground that "un- Economic necessity, and not that "the

Digitized by Coogle ~ 82 THE CALL OF THE STEEL WORKER

DRAGGING HOT BILLET. men like to work twelve hours a day," as industrial union would mean more in­ Judge Gary impudently claims, compels tense exploitation and more unemploy­ these men to toil inhumanly. ment. Nevertheless, an 8-hour day in the The steel barons have a purely Capi­ steel mills is only a matter of time. Capi­ talist interest in their slaves, not at all talists are recognizing that non-sweated . human. Recently, steel superintendents in labor is the most efficient. This reform, certain Pennsylvania steel towns appeared says the Boston Transcript, "experts de­ in court and argued against granting clare will increase, rather than diminish, saloons licenses, as saloons menaced their dividends." And the Bureau of Labor profits, drink sapping the workers' effi­ argues that- ciency. 0 Capital, thou shalt stand for­ From the experience of English blast­ ever and aye as the brilliant flower on furnace owners who have adopted the eight~ the stem of hypocrisy and bestial mate- - huur shift system, and from the experience · rialism! in other industries, it will tend to produce a Intoxication is a logical result of much more efficient force of workmen. steady, grinding toil. And saloons flour­ There is no increase in "cost of produc., ish in steel towns. Toil in steel plants, tion," and the quality of the product im­ especially in the blast furnaces, saps proves greatly. vitality and develops an overpowering de­ The proletariat must guard itself sire for stimulants. And the men drink, against Capitalists bearing gifts. With drink, for in drink their sorrow vanishes the proletariat industrially organized, the and they have a momentary thrill of power of its organization would restrict pleasure. And many, if not most, drink production and decrease efficiency~ prepa­ because of a blind, dumb, rooted resent­ ratory to taking possession of all indus­ ment. They hate the boss, they hate try. An 8-hour day without a powerful work, they hate themselves, they hate LOUIS C. FRAINA 83 life. l'his resentment and hatred shall to collectively improve conditions means be harnessed to the mighty ends of the discharge. In 1906 the workers of Jones Revolution. & Laughlin, powerful "independents," It was during the Passaic, N. J ., textile planned a meeting of protest against Sun­ strike. I was interviewing one of the day work. The superintendent threat­ strikers, a wisp of a Polish girl of sixteen. ened with discharge whoev·r attended To1l in the inoustrial Bastl!e had not yet the meeting. The meeting was not held. dried the red of her cheeks. This practice is universal in the iron and .. My mother lives in Pittsburgh," she steel industry. said. "I send her what I can. My father Then there is the "pension system." worked in the steel mlll, worked hard ano Pensions rivet employes to the employer. long. Then he began to drink, and be­ They are a chain-ball on the ankle of pro­ came unkind. Uh, yes, he was good letarian action. before that. One day his arm was cut The steel industry has applied the off and he became worse. Then mother ''efficiency system" with marked success. One phase of the "efficiency system" is and I had to leave him." the more intensive exploitation of the "Do you ever see your father now?" human unit in production; the other "Never. And we don't want to, either. phase, more important to the Capitalist But I saw him almost as little in the old at the present stage of things, is hold­ days as I see him now, he worked so ing the worker in subjection and dis­ long." couraging union organization. The Steel Trust plumes itself on hav­ "Work, Wages and Profits" by H. L. ing had no strikes. "There have been no Gantt, a book written for employers and strikes or disturbances in the operation published by The Engineering Magazine, of the great steel company, and com­ New York, gives the snap away. Gantt paratively few in :~~ more powerful advocates the "efficient utilization of rivals, which have patterned after its labor"; this implies getting the worker ideals and labor plans," says the Com­ to increase his output, and as one of the mercial. The reason thereof is plain. means of doing this the "task and bonus" The Steel Trust terrorizes its employes system is offered. - The work is divided and holds them in mental, physical and into "tasks" and apportioned among the spiritual bondage-for the Church in the workers. The man who completes his steel centers is owned body and soul by task within the time set by the superin­ the exploiters. The men are forbidden tendent (time being decided by the most to organize. They must present griev­ skilled worker) receives a "bonus." In­ ances individually; even a committee stituted· in the plants of the Bethlehem must not be formed. A comprehensive Steel Company, the assistant superin­ spy system is maintained ; men are afraid tendent after two months' trial wrote to talk for fear of discharge. An in­ that the method had "eliminated the con­ vestigator says: "I called one day at stant t~ecessity for driving the men.n Gantt the home of a skilled steel worker, an says that "the average monthly output employe of the United States Steel Cor­ of the shop from March 1, 1900, to March poration, and he sent his wife to the door 1, 1901, was 1,173,000 pounds, and from to tell me that he couldn't talk with me March 1, 1901, to August 1, 1901 (after because the company had 'given orders the 'bonus' system was inaugurated), it that the men shouldn't talk about mill was 2,069,000 pounds." The shop em­ work.' There was a wage cut at Home­ ployed 700 men· and paid on the "bonusn stead in 1908 that set the whole town plan only 8o workers out of the entire 700. talking around their firesides. But on The "task and bonus" scheme de­ the street the men would deny all creases "cost of production" and in­ knowledge of it." creases the workers' yield of surplus The associative spirit is crushed. The value at small additional expense to the workers dare not act collectively; the employer, as only a few receive the trust takes care that they don't; and in­ "bonus." It eliminates the "necessity for dividually they are helpless. Any move driving" as the worker, lured on by the

Digitized by Google 84 THE CALL OF THE STEEL WORKER

''bonus" will-o-wisp, becomes his own dressing both, I asked what, in their slave-driver. judgment, would be the outcome of the "So far th1s system has never failed unrest and discontent? There was silence to create a strong spirit of harmony and for a moment and then the father shook co-operation" between employers and em­ his head sadly and said: 'There is no ployes; it shatters union efforts, as the way out. There will be no change.' employer uses the scheme to separate the But the son cried out through set teeth: "bonus" receivers from the unsuccessful 'Yes, there is a way out, and it is through ones, creating a sort of "bonus aristoc­ an armed revolution.' " racy." Gantt opposes labor unions and Steel conditions are universal, the steel employers' associations as they can never industry being typical of trustified Capi­ "effect a permanent solution of the prob­ talism. Trust-Capitalism cteates a new lem of the proper relations betwen em­ proletariat, the proletariat. of machine­ ployers and employes"; his "task and tenders, of common, unskilled labor. Says bonus" system does bring about "proper the Bureau of Labor report: "Large as relations," as it discourages labor unions is the proportion that unskilled labor by inciting workers to strive individually, forms of the total labor force in the iron instead of collectively, to increase their and steel industry, steel experts have wages. What Marx, in "Capital," said of noted the fact that the tendency of re­ wages, applies to the "efficiency" move­ cent years has been steadily toward the ment-"The rise of wages, therefore, is reduction of the number of highly skilled confined within limits that not only leave men employed and the establishment of intact the foundations of the capitalistic the general wage on the basis of common system, but also secure its reproduction or unskilled labor." (My italics.) Wages on a progressive scale." paid common labor in the steel industry But Capita.list chicane cannot stifle the are the wages of common labor every­ revolutionary spirit. The very effort to where. There is an identity in exploita­ stifle creates the revolutionary spirit. tion. This develops fraternal spirit, and, There is a revolutionary group, a small coupled with its strategic industrial posi­ group, but that matters not, among the tion, makes common labor THE revolu­ steel workers. And they are biding their tionary force. . time. Revolt is near. It is bound to Our agitation, our organization efforts come. It is here. John A. Fitch recites must recognize this fact: Common labor a typical episode : dominates industry. And when common "It was a family of intelligence and labor in steeJ revolts, when this basic in­ breeding, and evidently of strong re­ dustry feels the clutch of the Revolution, ligious principles. The father had been Capitalism will be shaken to its depths. telling me about the experience in a long Not McKees Rocks, not Lawrence, not life as a workman. The son had sat si­ the British miners' and dock workers' lently acquiescent in his father's analysis strike will be comparable. The revolt of existing conditions, but following the of the steel workers will sound the· call conversation with attention. Finally, ad- for the Social Revolution. THE WEST VIRGINIA SENATORIAL INVESTIGATION

By Sigurd Russell

NE of the greatest dramas of the Lawyers for the miners and for the 0 labor movement unfolded itself in coal operators; millionaries and paupers; Charleston, West Virginia, when a scabs, yellow legs, policemen and Bald­ committee of the United States win Guards, Senators and Governors ; the Senate sat investigating labor conditions mighty and the weak, all had to testify. and the strike of Paint and Cabin Creeks. . As soon as a member of the working class , Their sessions were held daily from 9 a. m. had testified in favor of the strikers, the to 11 p. m., for a whole week and had all corporation lawyers would with third de­ the appearances of a court trial. Labor and gree and cross questionings, make a mighty Capital were on the stand. effort to destroy the effect of his testimony. One million four hundred and fifty thou­ And when a witness took the stand for the sand words . of testimony were recorde,d. coal barons, the attorneys for the miners The tears of women, the shrieks of babies, would do the same. It was on both sides the thunderings of corporation lawyers, the a struggle to undo the other fellow. All laughter and applause of the crowd, broke the senators with the exception of Shields in upon the majestic silence of the court. of Tennessee asked questions from every It was a big farce and a great tragedy. witness in order to get more facts and un­ Millions of dollars were at derstanding and to test stake on the one hand, and the veracity of his wo'rds. the lives of human beings The investigation had on the other. every appearance of a The Socialists of West court trial. And this il­ Virginia were found not lusion was helped when guilty of having libeled the those concerned called the coal barons and military chair "Your Honor"; the despots. Their charges witness "the prisoner," the had not been exaggerated. hall the "Court Room." It was granted by the The atmosphere was sur­ Senators that the hideous charged with intense feel­ story of greed, madness ings. Those present kept and crime had been well their hearts on the pulse of pictured, as a blot on the story as it unfolded civilization, and American itself and all the efforts of pride. But it was also ad­ the Marshal-at-Arms of the mitted that all the powers Senate were futile in check- · of the land were powerless ing their explosions. It to undo or to change the was evident that the crowd past or the present, and was on the side of the even to dictate the fu­ miners. Scattered in the ture. The only value of room were railroad de­ that expensive investiga­ tectives, and the secret tion was publicity. service men of Felts and The great story was told Burns. by men, women and chil­ Felts, the head of the dren, mostly American­ Baldwin-Felts Detective miners and railroad men. SIGVlU> RUSSELL. Agency, whkh has suc 1

Digitized by Coogle 86 WEST VIRGINIA SENATORIAL INVESTIGATION

ceeded by bloody methods in terrifying guards and having been in fights in defense Colorado, West Virginia, Kentucky, and of his hills, his brother workers, his life, the South, was present during the whole and his rights, and that he was ready to do trial, sitting ten feet from the Senators. it again whenever necessary. He was covered with jewelry and flash­ All this he said with the voice of a child, ing diamonds, and every time he leaned and the timidity of a young girl. And the over to talk to a corporation lawyer, or question was raised as to whether or not the to a Senator, regarding some witness, Senatorial Committee would grant him im­ two guns could be seen in his hip munity. It was decided by the Senator pockets. When on the stand himself he whose sympathy and understanding he had said that his services had cost over a won, that this would be granted. So he thousand dollars a day for months. And went on implicating himself to the delight that his work was to break the backbone of the corporation lawyers. of labor unions, by having his men on the Then they asked him how and where he inside, and also attacking them on the out­ had purchased his guns and ammunition, side. He was gentlemanly, defiant, cynical, but he did not give a satisfactory answer, haughty, and insulting. Once I heard him and everybody wondered at the change. It whisper to another man, "Damn it, I don't was soon understood, however, when he know anything about that witness." was asked whether Parsons, a prominent The most interesting point of the inves­ leader of the strikers, was with him at a tigation was the fact that the parties con­ certain place or not. Then what John had cerned admitted most of the charges against forseen happened, and his lawyers inquired them. Governor Glasscock said that the from the chairman as to whether the boy intensity of the situation had made him act was forced to answer and implicate others. rashly. The members of the Military Com­ To which it was answered that he was not. mission plainly said that at their arbitrary The question was repeated and other ques­ tribunal they had ignored the constitutions tions were added, but he remained silent. and the civil laws of the land. The coal Finally, when Lawyer Knight for the coal operators even told how much they had barons, asked him if he desired to answer, spent for thuggery, claiming that it was he turned around and faced the capitalist necessary to defend their property and their class with a well rounded "No." And the business. President Cornell stated that his lawyer dismissed him saying, "You can take company had spent $18,000 for guns and away the prisoner." No one was impli­ ammunition, and $8,000 to bring in 1,100 cated through the testimony of Seechrist . scabs. . He did more than any other one witness to Quin Morton, one of the millionaire coal show the investigators that a state of actual barons, who leases his mines from Pratt warfare existed in West Virginia. of the Standard Oil, ~tated that he had or­ A large number of miners had been in dered the "Bull Moose Armored Deatb bull pens and jails for months and then had Special," and that that night he himself had been released without knowing what sen­ fired into the camps of the strikers with a tences the military fancy had chosen for 30x30 Winchester, at the same time as the them. They didn't know whether they had · two Gatling guns were exploding. They ~een found guilty or not guilty. All that were firing 250 shots a minute each. The they knew was that they were locked up for strikers on their side, also told of having a time, and then all of a sudden let loose. anned themselves and using their weapons Now it is quite evident that as soon as the to protect their rights, their lives and fam­ capitalist bull dogs of West Virginia be­ ilies against the blood-thirsty guards of the lieve that they have crushed the miners' mine owners. revolt, they will strike another blow of ven­ John Seechrist was the hero of the whole geance and turn many of the miners over show. A lad of twenty, born and raised on to the civil courts. It was plainly shown Paint Creek, at the mouth of a mine ; re­ that they tried to get as much evidence as garded until the strike as a coward, he was possible during the investigation. six feet tall, with long curly hair. Slow and Senator Martini, of New Jersey, was the timid, he created a stir when he admitted most earnest of the Senators. It seemed at under the cross-fire of questions of the cor­ first that this old farmer and friend of porationists, to having killed a number of President Wilson could not imagine that in W. H. THOMPSON 87 this free and civilized America it was pos­ did not speak of the coal operators. Sen­ sible that worse methods of slavery and ator Shields, the surly gentleman from Ten­ suppression were used than in Russia. nessee, was called "the Minority Report," He had been given that part of Resolu­ as from the start he showed that he was · tion 37, which dealt with interfering with lined up with the coal trust. the post office, but he jumped out of these Senator Kenyon, formerly a lawyer from boundaries of his assignment, and plunged Iowa, worked the hardest of them all. He with more vigor and rage than the other tried to find out the truth. ·He constantly Senators into all the phases of the investiga­ fired questions and was well informed on tion. As the evidence of the miners was mining conditions. He made a good inves­ not organized, many a point would not have tigator. been made clear, had it not been for the Senator Borah, of Idaho, the man with dare-devil questions of the . gentleman from the "silver tongue" and the sweet smile, New Jersey. · was the Sphinx of the whole show. On He told the coal barons that they had which side he stood, no one knew. But he murdered for greed; that they had for­ left for Washington the third day of the gotten the golden rule ; that human lives investigation, saying that he had all the were above money on the market of de­ proofs he needed on HIS subject, which was: cency. He scolded, cursed and preached. Martial Law, and the arrest and detention Senator Swanson, chairman of the com­ of Socialists and union men. mittee, an ex-governor of the state of Vir­ Whatever may be the report of these ginia, where m1ning conditions and the capitalist employes, it must he said that guard system are as bad as in West Vir­ they worked hard, and left no stone un­ ginia, has always been a true politician, turned to find out the truth from all parties and his humanitarian feelings are afloat only concerned. And that is more than our own as long as they don't have to digest the dol­ Socialist Investigating Committee did for lar bill. The way he put it to me ·was, its class. Such is the universal opinion of "You see I understand those miners. I the Socialists and miners of West Virginia. come from a county of moonshiners. The Senatorial Report is only to be re­ I lived with them. I knew their spirit. I garded from a point of view of publicity. held their secrets. I tried to save the Allen And when we can show to all the people brothers from the electric chair. I will ex­ of this country and the world the conditions plain to the Senate why the boys of Paint of slavery under which the miners live, :111cl Cabin Creek as true mountaineers, used then and then only, will they wake up and 30-30 Winchesters and Mausers." But he put this cursed system o.ut of business!

Strike ""Settlements"" in "W' est Virginia By W. H. Thompeou N an article in the July REVIEW I detailed As proof of the accuracy of my state­ I at some length the manner in which the ments made in that article I wish to chron­ odious Hatfield-Haggerty "settlement" of icle the happenings in the affected zone the Kanawha strike was ''put over" on the since it was written. workers by the coercion of Hatfield and The coal miners of Paint Creek and the trickery of the United Mine Workers' Cabin Creek have unanimously repudiated officials. I have received numerous letters the agreement entered into for them by from persons prominent in the Socialist Hatfield-Haggerty & Co., and are again party and in the mine workers organization on strike. Furthermore, they have com­ severely criticizing my statements and inti­ pelled Haggerty and the other compromis­ mating in very forceful language that I ing officials of the U. M. W. of A. to re­ knew not of what I wrote. In justice to treat from their former position as abso­ these writers I will say that in every instance lute dictators, and to grant to their strike they were citizens of other states, and, a tardy official recognition. with few exceptions, have never been in These leaders were placed in a rather We5t Virginia. peculiar position in thus being compelled

Digitized by Coogle 88 STRIKE "SETTLEMENTS' to endorse a strike against the agreement to "preserve peace" up there wit:1 the entire they themselves had forced upon the min­ state army and failed, and that he has not ers, and to "save their face" they loudly as yet resigned his office, his ad>J ice appears proclaimed that the coal barons had vio­ a little premature, to say the least. lated the provisions of the holy Hatfield The New River "Settlement:• Proposition and thus justified the strike. This brought forth a hot reply from the It would seem to the casual observer that coal operators' association, which proved Haggerty & Co. would have learned a few another assertion of mine, to the effect that things from their failure to "put OYer" the there was nothing in the Hatfield propo­ now infamous Kanawha Settkment, but, sition demanding any changes in their atti­ alas, they belong to that specie of old line tude toward the miners. They said in part: craft union leaders who never learn and "There was never any promise or agree­ never change. At the very time the Ka­ ment on our part to take back strikers or nawha miners were repudiating the agree­ to surrender our rights of hiring or dis­ ment entered into for them by these gentle­ charging men as we saw fit. We entered men, Haggerty, Hatfield and the New River into no agreement with the United Mine operators were concocting another settle­ Workers. We promised the Governor that ment prescription to be used upon the rest­ we would do certain things toward ending less and dissatisfied New River miners. the violence on Paint and Cabin Creeks. This proposition, which was agreed upon We have kept this promise in the strictest by the gentlemen who drew it up, was good faith and there is no foundation for meant for no other purpose than to chloro­ any statement to the contrary." form the growing spirit of unrest among In regard to this Dean Haggerty made the miners in this field and to keep them a public statement in which he said: producing coal to fiU the contracts of the "Owing to my absence from the city on Kanawha operators whose mines ~re dosed important business I have as yet been un­ by the strike there. able to prepare a detailed reply to the The New River agreement is a replica statement of the operators' association. But of the infamous Hatfield proposition to set­ I shall do so shortly and show that the tle the Kanawha strike. The workers real­ Governor's proposition has been grossly vio­ ize absolutely nothing from its acceptance. lated." And to effectually prevent the miners from The Dean made this promise of a "de­ ever gaining any concessions under it the tailed statement" on June 22, but as yet following dause is appended : he has failed to make the statement or show "Sixth-All matters of dispute, with ref­ wherein the operators had grossly violated erence to the above proposition, as between the Hatfield proposition. No one knows the individual operator and miners in each better than Haggerty that there was noth­ mine in the New River and Virginia dis­ ing in the proposition that the operators tricts, to be referred to a commission of would have any call to violate. four, two of whom are to be selected by the In the meantime the strike in the Paint operators and two by the miners neither of and Cabin Creek district grows in inten­ whom are to be interested in mines or min­ sity, and conditions are rapidly approach­ ing, either directly or indirectly, and that ing the guerilla warfare stage. The crim­ where a controversy arises, both operator inal mine guards are again in evidence and and miner may appear before the said are using the same old tactics to stir up board, and the board, after hearing the violence. Already one battle has taken evidence from both sides, shall render a de­ place. This called forth from Governor cision, and any decision signed by any three Hatfield a long open letter to Sheriff Bon­ of said board shall be final and binding on ner Hill, he, of "armored train" fame, in both operators and miners. Should said which he declared that if the civil authori­ board be unable to reach a majority deci­ ties could not pr:eserve peace in the strike sion, then they shall take the matter to the zone they should resign. He also inti­ governor of the state, who shall act as um­ mated that he might summarily remove pire and whose decision shall be final and such officials as were lax in their duties. binding on both operators and miners, and When it is remembered that Hatfield tried there shall be no appeal therefrom." W. H. THOMPSON .- 89

See any chance for the real interested H. Bosw·en, John Brown and 46 Socialist parties, the coal miners, having any say in miners were placed on trial before Hat­ matters of dispute? field's military drumhead court. A writ Bear in mind, please, that this agree­ of prohibition forbidding these trials was ment, contract, settlement or whatever it is, issued by the civil courts ·of Kanawha was never submitted to the miners for their county, but the drumhead continued its acceptance or rejection. It was accepted work in defiance of the civil power and its for them 'by the wise Christian leaders bull-pen victims were tried and in many whom God and the United Mine Workers instances sentenced to long terms in the of America sent here to act for them. And penitentiary. their interests are further protected ~ In April Hatfield issued his infamous 36- Umpire Hatfield from whose decision no hour ultimatum in which the striking So­ appeal can be taken. cialist miners were compelled to return to Regardless of the U. M. W. of A. offi­ work or be imprisoned or deported. A few cials the Kanawha miners appealed from a days after this he suppressed the Charles­ Hatfield decision. and we may confidently ton Labor Argus and jailed its staff of three expect that the New River miners will fol­ men. low suit. The militant spirit of revolution On May 9 Hatfield and his soldiers sup­ is abroad among these delvers in the earth, pressed the Huntington Socialist and La­ and the day of the "leaders" who spend all bor Star, 80 miles outside the martial law their time in "conferences" with the ene­ zone, confiscated and destroyed its plant mies of the men they are supposed to rep­ and sent the five publishers to join those of resent is fast drawing to a close. The Argus in the Charleston jail. Why Hatfield Was Shielded The charge has · been openly and repeat­ When the committee appointed by the edly made that Hatfield's activities against United States Senate to investigate th~ the Socialists had been instigated by the new and weird form of government which Jesuits who are in control of the U. M. W. has been established in West Virginia be­ of A. These, it is charged, had complained gan its hearings in Charleston it departed to the military governor that they could from the usual procedure employed by in­ never "settle the strike" while the Social­ vestigating committees inasmuch as it ruled ists were at large .. that only such witnesses as were placed This charge is partly borne out in the re­ upon the stand by the attorneys for the port of the Socialist investigating commit­ operators and the attorneys for the United tee when it says: "The governor said that Mine Workers should be heard. he was as much opposed to martial law as The result of this action was that a loop­ anyone could be. He had permitted it to hole was left through which the U. M. W. remain effective at the request of the union of A. lost no time in pushing their "friend" miners." This statement of the governor Hatfield, and no evidence pertaining to the was subsequently verified by all the officials long line of military outrages committed and organizers of the U. M. W. of A." upon the Socialists since March 4, was got­ Is it any wonder that these officials and ten into the record. organizers of the U. M. W. of A. used the The investigation into the acts of the influence of their attorneys to prevent an Glasscock administration was thorough and investigation of the outrages committed a state of affairs was revealed that shocked under a military dictatorship which they the sensibilities of even the capitalist poli­ acknowledge being responsible for "remain­ ticians from the United States who con­ ing effective?" ducted the inquiry. Glasscock is a down However, this matter has been taken up and out and disgraced tool of the coal bar­ with the Senatorial investigators by the ons, inc:\pable of further serving his mas­ Socialists themselves and they have a ten­ ters or of seeking revenge upon his ene­ tative promise from the committee that they mies, therefore none attempted to shield will yet get a hearing. It is intimated that him; instead he was made the scapegoat the committee will call the recipients of the in an effort to shield more powerful men. Hatfield outrages to testify after the "shy­ Governor Hatfield was inaugurated on sters" have concluded their presentation of March 4.- On March 7, Mother Jones, C. testimony against Glasscock.

Digitized by Coogle STRIKE MEETING IN THE GREEK CHURCH YARD. The Ips-wich Strike By ] . S. Biscay

P SWICH, Mass., a town of 6,000 robbing the workers and defying the 54- I people, is one of the fi_rst settleme~ts hour law that the millowners were forced 111 New England and IS noted for Its to post notices asking all who had quit notorious Ipswich Mill, where men, work in past years to call for their con­ women and children worked for from fiscated wages. In a few months the $2.00 to $6.00 a week, often being cheated Ipswich Mill paid back more than $60,000 of even these scant earnings. One of the of loot to the workers. The 54-hour law stockholders of this mill is Supreme was suddenly· discovered and enforced. Judge Caleb Loring and another is Bishop This happened in 1912, and of course the Lawrence. Both are highly respectable fossilized citizens began to hate the vul­ ~, nd patriotic gentlemen. gar I. W. W . for thus disturbing the his­ Until last fall this mill had a profitable torical revery of the mortuary town. The habit of confiscating the wages of any slaves we!"e so pleased that many joined worker that quit without giving two the I. W. W. weeks' notice. The 54-hour law was also On April 22 the workers of the Ipswich meaningless to the · millowners, who Mill walked out, demanding an increase worked their slaves as long as they in wages. The great majo"rity of these pleased. were called "ignorant foreigners" and But along came an I. W . W. organizer their numbers were so large in the mill in the shape of C. L. Pingree, who at that they closed down the hosiery plant. once made such an awful noise about For about a month the mill lay idle. In 90 !. S. BISCAY 91 the meantime the sleepy citizens worked In desperation the strikers took refuge themselves into the proper spirit of in­ in the Greek churchyard, where for a dignant patriotism and persuaded the time their meetings were not molested English-speaking workers to return amid by the authorities. Recently even these much rejoicing. Out of 1,500 strikers a meetings have been suppressed under the couple hundred began to scab. The by-law that was made as an excuse lor Greeks and Poles stood solid. this very occasion. Scabbing proved so distasteful on a few During the hearing of the "riot" dollars a week that even the hide-bound charges only witnesses were allowed in natives began to quit in bunches. Extra the court room. Citizens were not barred sluggers were brought in from Lawrence, even from inside the railing. Radical re­ Salem, Beverly and other places to ter­ porters were denied admission. I was rorize the strikers. Soon the town funds barred from the court until I produced shrunk into a deficit and some excuse credentials as a newspaper reporter. My was needed to appropriate more police press dispatches were held up until I money. The taxpayers were grumbling made a deposit and got authority. Editor at the unnecessary expense. A special Edwaras of the Leader, a Boston Social­ meeting of town officials was called for ist weekly, was thrown out of the town the evening of June 10 to devise means hall where the court holds session. I was of raising money. threatened with violence by one of the On this evening the strikers paraded specials at the court room door for. writ­ before the mill as usual. The scabs be­ ing and sending out news from Ipswich. gan to make some disturbance, elbowing In the meantime the foundry of "justice" and pushing strikers about . the street. was operating against the strikers. Instead of keeping order the police began During the hearing, Judge Sayward re­ to arrest some of the strikers. A group ferred to the I. W. W. in the most violent of w9rkers gathered about a 16-year-old language. He called the strikers "dupes," girl that was being dragged about the '"fools," and other choice names becom­ street by three specials. None of the ing a man of the mill-owned bench. He strikers lifted a hand. Suddenly, as if stated that Herman and Pingree were on an agreed signal, the police and responsible for the murder, even if an specials charged the strikers with drawn officer fired the fatal bullet. This wac; dubs and revolvers. They began to cluh before there was even a hearing of the and shoot the workers, who had no murder charge and before the inquest. chance to get away. Other police were stationed down the street and hemmed in the victims, leaving no opportunity of escape. Some climbed the fence, while others escaped through the yards. One woman was instantly killed with a bullet in the head while standing in her own yard. Ten more went to the hospital to recover from club and bullet wounds. Most of these were women and girls. None of the police was hurt, as the strikers had no chance of self-defense. That evening the town appropriated $12,000 for the police. Following this brutal attack nineteen strikers were thrown into jail ·charged with "riot," while Organizers Nathan Herman, C. L. Pingree and wife were charged with murder and riot. Parades were forcibly stopped, meetings in the halt broken up and an ordinance against free speech and public assemblage was passed. N. HERMAN. MRS. PINGREE C. G. PINGREE.

Digitized by Coogle 92 JAPANESE WRESTLING.

Two days later and after the inquest, to lay plans for a "vigilante" squad to which was never made public, Prosecut­ run the organizers and speakers out of ing Attorney Attwill of Salem fame ad­ town. A half-witted detective found a vised the mumified judge that in his opin­ "bomb" which proved to be some cast-off ion there was nothing to warrant holding overalls rolled in a bundle. This only the organizers on the murder charge, as c&used a laugh about town. A "flag day" an officer fired the bullet. The judge for July 4th was at once decided upon as then turned a complete "flip-flop" and the usual mode of procedure against the stated that for some days he had been of awful I. W. W. Then an effort was made the same opinion. Then murder charges to break the solid ranks of the strikers were thereupon squashed. Thirteen, in­ by persuading them to take part in this cluding Herman and Pingree, were bound demonstration. The strikers refused to over to the grand jury charged with riot. "demonstrate" with thugs and scabs, and Following this came the arrests of out­ the demonstration proved a costly fizzle. side speakers for daring to address the Despite all these odds the strikers are strikers at the Greek church . . L. J. standing firm, with the intention of win­ Grikstas of Brighton, A. K. McMillain of ning or leaving the town. For the first Beverly, Gustav Andeberg of Lynn and ten weeks of the strike there was no out­ John Murphy of Lawrence-all Socialist side aid. Some collectors have been sent speakers-were arrested as violent per­ out and appeals for funds are being cir­ sons and quickly sentenced to three c.ulated. A defense league has been or­ months for addressing the strikers. Their ganized locally from among the strikers cases have been appealed and will come and branch leagues are being formed in i up again in September. During the trials · other places. Funds are badly needed. of these speakers the "court" ruled that As there have been threats of stopping I the presence of any speaker at the Greek strike relief, the strike committee urges church was enough for him. that all funds be sent to the Ipswich. The "citizens" began to hold meetings Defense League, Box 282, Ipswich, Mass. 1 ./ JAPANESE WRESTUNG AND THE JIU-JITSU By S. Katayama RIGINALLY the famous Japanese incapacitate one from action for the time O jiu-jitsu was an art practiced being. solely by the nobility, who, pos­ Its feat consists in clutching or striking sessing the right, denied to com­ such part of an enemy's body as will make moners, of carrying swords, were thus en­ him numb and incapable of resistance. abled to show their superiority over com­ Several of these sensitive places, for in­ mon people even when without weapons. stance the partially exposed nerve in the It was a secret art, jealously guarded elbow, popularly known as the "funny­ from those not privileged to use it, until bone" and the complex of nerves over the the feudal system was abandoned in Japan, stomach called the "solar plexus," are but now jiu-jitsu is taught in the schools, familiar to the American, but the jiu-jitsu as well as in public and private gymnasiums. expert is acquainted with many others In the army, navy and police, it receives which, when compressed, stuck, or pinched particular attention. cause temporary paralysis of a more or less Jiu-jitsu may be briefly defined as "an complete nature. Such places are the arm­ application of anatomical knowledge to the pit, the ankle and wrist bones, the tendon purpose of offense and defense." It dif­ running downward from the ear, the fers from wrestling in that it does not de­ "Adam's apple" and the nerves of the up­ pend upon muscular strength. It needs per arm. In serious fighting almost any no weapon. Its obje~t is not to kill but to hold or attack is resorted to and a broken

Digitized by Coogle S. KATAYAMA 93 or a badly sprained limb is the least that together and talked things over. It was can befall a victim. astounding! It was unheard of! It was Many writers translate jiu-jitsu "to con­ unbelievable that these unknown young up­ quer by yielding" and this phrase is a sa­ starts should rebel and want some of the lient characteristic of the art, since the earnings! But it was true! The Big Bugs weight and strength of the opponent are discovered they could not open the amphi­ employed to his own undoing. theatre without the despised youngsters When, for example, a big man rushes at and so they gave in. a smaller opponent, the smaller man, in­ JAPANESE WRESTLING. stead of seeking to oppose strength to There is no "starter" for the Jap wrest­ strength, falls backwards or sidewise, pull­ lers. The umpire merely raises his fan ing his heavy adversary after him and tak­ and the fun begins. The first man to touch ing advantage of his loss of balance to his hand or any portion of his body to the gain some lock or hold known to the ground is defeated. In order to win he science. must push his opponent outside the circle Jn the feudal days the theater was a com­ or throw him down. munistic affair in Japan. Every large town Wrestling is the National Game in Japan. and village had its own theater and the peo­ Daily reports down to the minutest details ple made for it roofs of straw and bamboo are published in every newspaper and the mats. The young men worked hard to results of the day's game are as eagerly prepare for the great events about to take looked for as the sporting extra in the place and made them a success. The peo­ U. S. bearing -the score of the afternoon ple themselves were often actors, audience baseball game. Wrestling gave birth to the and producers. The object in these pro­ "extra" in Japan. In spite of all the sub­ ductions was pleasure for the community in sidizing of the ring, wrestling is still to which profits had no share. But now all the Japanese people what the bull fight is this has been grabbed. up by the profit-tak­ to Mexico and to Spain. ers and the only share the people have in the theater is to pay for getting in. Wrestling has been the boast of Japan for twenty centuries. It had almost become an established art at the time it began to decay through the substitution of the dol­ lar, for sporting honor, as its goal. For­ merly the hair's breadth of a point was contested and a decision rendered with fine honor and acumen. Wrestling was indulged in for the amuse­ ment of the people and by the people. Now it has become a profit-making machine in which the wrestlers are mere vendors of the art of wrestling at so much per week or month. There is now an association that controls the entire group of wrestlers. Its members are made up of from a ·fimited number of the older wrestlers with money to invest. Sometime ago the younger group of un­ known wrestlers, who were dissatisfied with the meagre wages paid by the money grabbing association, went on strike and refused to work for such terms. In fact they rented a hall for their own use and decided they would try to get along with­ out the association and the inner ring of better known wrestlers with ring records. The association and the champions got A JAPANESE WRESTLER.

Digitized by Coogle ... Photo by International Harvester Co. THE MOST MODERN METHOD OF HARVESTING. The Agricultural Industry By Robert Johnstone Wheeler

R. CLYDE J. WRIGHT, writing in exploited and now begins to rebel like his Mthe New York Call, tells of the new brother, the industrial proletarian. renting system now developing in The "Farm Corporation" has passed be­ Oklahoma and Texas. In the Texas yond th~ mere experi~ental stage. Such instance, Mr. Wright tells of the farm of corporations are orgamzed exactly like an Mr. Preston Smith, where 35,000 acres are industrial corporation, with similar officers. plotted out in farms of from SO to 100 "Seven years ago," says the Saturday Eve­ acres. Tenants are obliged to sign an agree­ ning Post, "a young lawyer in a western ment to follow out the directions of the state conceived the idea of organizing a agricultural experts who are employed by farm corporation. Today he is at the bead the owner·. The tenant is furnished with of a string of such corporations." The the best of seed, tools and supplies. Ex­ Post writer in conversation with the organ­ perts advise him consta!ltly. Po~er ma­ izer, asked : chinery does the plowmg, reapmg and "What about the net results of your system of threshing. An expert salesman markets corporation farming?" was then asked. "Have you made it pay, and if so, are you willing to say the crops. All this service is charged up how well it has paid ?" to the tenant, who finally gets the net pro­ "Yes," was the answer, "it has paid well. ceeds as agreed upon in the contract. The ~h~s does not mean tha.t every ranch pays a advantage to the capitalist in this system davadend every year; but tt does mean that after we have once got a ranch going we have never is obvious. The tenants' advantage 1s not operated without earning a profit. For instance so clear. Unless he can make a favorable one of our ranches this year paid a cash dividend contract, his position cannot be much bet­ ~f ten per cent. That is the first one on the ter than that of the city industrial worker. last. Next comes a company that passed its divi­ The fact that a Renters' Union, number­ dend for the reason that a railroad locomotive set fire to our grass and we were obliged to ing over 40,000 members exists in Texa;; go out and buy hay for the stock. Of course indicates that the renter is pretty thoroughly we shall ultimately recover the loss from the

oigitiz~d by Coogle ROBERT JOHNSTONE WHEELER 95

OIL TRACTOR OPERATING FIVE BINDERS. railroad company, but the accident compelled us company, leaving the men and teams to haul to pass a dividend for the time being. manure and attend to other work. Moreover "I can see no reason," concluded this captain the tractor plows deep and does a good job. It of husbandry, "why corporation ownership and plows all the land that is ready to plow as soon management should not be successful in other as the crops are off, burying weeds and stubble lines of farming." and conserving moisture. When silaJe cutting Cperative farm operation is probably is over a number of companies use thesr tractors developing more among the owners of fanns to plow the com-stubble land. By. using .the tractor in the fall to get all the plowsng posSible of from 175 to 499 acres. Such farms, done at that time, not only are all the advan­ averaging 291 acres, representing about tages of better pulverization of the soil and a $15,000 capital, affords the owners means greater storage of moisture gained, but the saving to buy the best machinery. Mr. Rex. Beres­ of time in the spring is great. During the corn-plowing and haying season the ford, writing in the Country Gentleman, tractors of at least two companies are kept busy tells of this system at work. on the roads, grading them, hauling road ma­ terials or sand or other building materials for One of the most successful cooperative com­ their owners. When fall plowing is over, or be­ panies of this sort is the one situated south of tween jobs, if necessary, the tractor is used to Spencer, Iowa. This is composed of fifteen run the dover-huller or the corn-sheller. In farmers and was organized three years ago. The winter it saws the wood, bales the hay, or does original shares were $50 each. They bought a any other belt work necessary for its cooperating new outfit complete. The first year the machine owners. With such a system there is- almost made twenty per cent on the investment; the constant work for the tractor. A competent en, second year almost fifty per cent. Last year on gineer is hired for the season or the year. This account of an almost total small-grain failure in man through his experience is able to get the best the neighborhood the company had little business. results from the tractor, doing away with any The fir~t two years, however, paid back all but trouble and delay that might be caused by an $18 of the original $50 invested. This year bids incompetent workman. fair to clear the outfit. Jt is still good for many The money invested by each member of a co­ years' work. Every year at the close of the operative power-farming company is campara­ threshing run the members and their families tively small. In fact it is not so much as he have a banquet. It is one of the biggest social formerly invested in extra horses which he used events of the neighborhood. What was originally . only in the rush season and extra plows aad only a threshing ring bids fair to become a social other machinery. The income is nearly constant, and literary organization as well. for the engine is busy almost the year round. In the case of a cooperative company the fall The only thing that really hinders the complete plowing begins as soon as the grain is threshed. working out of such a scheme is the human ele­ The tractor easily does all this for the whole ment. Each manmay fine:! something in the man-

Digitized by Coogle ~ 96 THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY agement of the outfit ·that does not exactly suit means also tenantry, which condition in· him. These troubles have, however, been settled successfully by many threshing rings and farm­ cluded 37% of all the farmers in the United ing companies. States, and which is increasing as shown . above. Sufficient is given above to prove Mr. Horace C. Baker, writing in the that large scale farming is o~ th.e ~ncrea:se. Jan~ary Country Gentleman of 4, tells. of The various methods by wh1ch tt IS gomg one other farm, which combmes the ownmg forward are full of interest. The success of and renting system with certain manufac­ the large producers like Mr. Charles ~· turing features. This is the remarkable Taft with his 200,000 acre Texas farm IS farm of Mr. C. I. Cook, of Menominee, attra~ting the attention of other big capital­ Mich. This farm comprises 3,500 acres, ists. Example is contagious, especially which with its equipment, is worth a.t least when large profits are promised. $200,000. It is conducted exactly hke an The effect of this development ou the up-to-date industrial plant. It has a cen­ farm workers is plain. Just as in manufac­ tral administration building, drainage sys­ turing industry they have been displaced .by tem, road system, light sy~tem. A_ la~ge machinery, or reduced to mere machme dairy is conducted. Cannmg, preservmg tenders, so in the agricultural industry. For and pickling is carried on. A large PUf!lP• years we have heard the wail of the farm throwing out 45,000 barrels of water daJly, employer for willing laborers. But the irrigates a division devoted to truck farm­ laborer would not stay on the farm and ing. The truck farms are laid out in plots would drift to the city. Anyone who has of· from ten to tw~nty acres. Tenants are ever been a farm laborer can readily under· located on each plot in a separate house, stand why the farm laborer wanted to quit. for the summer only. In the winter they The small farm employer is about the most go back to the city to live. Everything merciless exploiter to be found. The writer, produced on the farm is worked up on the in all his experience as a farm laborer, ground and the waste put back on the land. Machinery has been introduced to an extent never found but one employer who had any never before seen in the vicini~y. ~ . ~ell-~now.n consideration for his "help." Usually it Russian beet-seed grower, whtle vtsttmg m thts was work from sun up to darkness. The country had occasion to look over the Cook last and worst experience was on a dairy ·farms. ' After a thorough investigation he de­ farm in southwestern New York, where clared that with the machinery used, beets could be cultivated and grown cheaper upon these three of us, the employer and two men, rose farms than in his own country, although there at 4 a. m., milked 49 cows, worked all day hand labor receives only from seventeen to fifty in the fields, milked 49 cows again and went cents a day. He also stated that the help upon to bed at 8 p. m. This for $1.00 per day. the Cook · farms was capable of not less than one hundred per cent more work than his help Even the steel industry is no worse. Still, at home. Mr. Cook is growing a la~ge . acreage the farm work had to be done. In justice of sugar beets for seed purposes, prmctpally as to the farmer it must be said that he worked an experimental crop, as most of the beet seed a.c; hard as the men. now used in this count~y is grown in. Europe. Because men became scarce, machines These instances w1ll serve to Jllummate were developed to do the work. Now farm the census figures and show the great ten­ laborers are becoming less a necessity. The dency of capital to go into lar~e scale farm­ farm laborer is but a casual worker, needed ing as a source of profit. It 1s not the ~on­ tention of this article that the figures gtven a short time in the harvest season, and since from the census prove conclusively that the small power engines and electric motors economic theory of Marx as to the final have become general in use, even a great trustification of the agricultural industry, is part of the chores are done by machinery. sustained. The object is to set forth the Some of the great farming states, which facts relating to t~e present tendency. of have been settled long enough to develop capital to engage 1!1 large scale fa"!lmg. fixed tendencies, show a loss of rural pop­ Some economists wdl say that there 1~ an ulation, which cannot be accounted for in opposite tendency . of larger proportloJ_Js any other way than this. numerically, carrymg the movement. m The Saturday Evening Post of December agriculture toward .small scale f~rmmg. 7, commenting on the loss of rural popula­ That is not the question here. But 1t must tion in Illinois, says : "The farm population be remembered that small scale farming of Illinois decreased 7% in the last decade,

Digitized by Coogle ROBERT JOHNSTONE WHEELER 97 according to the census, and the value of combined." This refers to New York state. farm machinery increased from $45,000,000 Here we have a most competent authority to $74,000,000. Also the number of horses testifying that the fundamental cause of de­ increased 9% to the cultivated acre. With crease of rural population and increase of more and better machinery and more draft the size of farms is the increased amount animals, fewer hands are needed to culti­ and efficiency of machinery. vate a given number of acres under our Capitalists have been quick to recognize present system of extensive farming. This the sound economic basis of this tendency. is what the decrease of farm population­ The big farm machinery companies are or its failure-to increase-in the Mississippi planning to reap a harvest as the tide ad­ Valley means. Machinery takes the place vances. The Rumley Company of LaPorte, of men." Indiana, has increased its investments until The citation of Illinois is a mistake, the they now have $17,000,000 laid out in a Post probably means Iowa, which lost 7.2% plant which is capable of producing all kinds of its rural population, or 119,869 people. of power machines for farming. Their gas Indiana lost 5.1% or 89,127. Missouri lost and oil engines are to be found all over the 3.5% or 69,716. In these three states re­ West and Canada. These people spend spectively, the value of machinery increased large sums of money yearly in experiments, from $57,960,660 to $95,477,948; from competitions, improvements and in other $27,330,370 to $40,999,451; from $28,602,- ways calculated to give them secure position 680 to $50,873,994. in the race for the trade in labor eliminat­ The total value of machinery increased ing machinery. Other companies are also from $749,775,970 to $1,265,147,783. Urban pr~paring. These machinery companies are population increased 11,013,738 or 34.8%; taking no chances. They are building for while rural population increased only 4,983,- a sure thing. Large scale farming is on the 953 or 11.2%. Meanwhile, the value of increase, and the demand is for machinery the leading crops increased as follows: which will make the agricultural capitalist Cereals 79.8% ; hay and forage 70.2% ; po­ more independent of labor than the indus­ tatoes 69.2% ; tobacco 83.0% ; cotton trial capitalist is today. 117.3%. The comparatively static condi­ Here enters the Scientific Manager. He tion of rural population is due to the in­ will select the laborers for greatest effi­ creased amount and efficiency of farm ma­ ciency. He will arrange the work for econ­ chinery. This is for the whole United omy. He will manage the machines so as States. to decrease the number of men needed, just Scientific investigation proves the point. as he does in other industries. Therefore, Prof. G. L. Warren, of Cornell University, the farm laborer tends to ~ecome a mere Department of Farm Management, has con­ machine tender, a casual worker and a ducted a survey of a typical New York smaller factor in agriculture as time passes. county (Tompkins). On page 421 he says: Power machinery and scientific manage­ "T-he more efficient and numerous machines ment will work to best advantage in the become, the larger our farms should be. sparsely settled countries like our West, It is interesting to notice how many of the Canada, Argentine Republic, Brazil, South tools are of very recent development. Al­ Africa, Russia, Siberia and Mexico. In most half of the value of the outlay on a populous countries like Europe (excepting well equipped farm is invested in machin­ Russia) extensive farming cannot be car­ ery that has been perfected in the last few ried on. The people are crowded together years." and there is no place for them to go if the On the subject of rural population, Prof. fences were "thrown down." But in the Warren, in a letter to the writer says: "I new countries, with their great unfenced think the primary reason for the slight in­ areas, the power plow turning from 20 to crease of rural population (0.6%) is that 50 acres daily; the great header and one farmer can do as much work as two or thresher combined with its capacity of 80 . three could do before. to 100 acres a ·day, these will decide the On the numerical decrease of farms Prof. form and future of agriculture in the new Warren says: "A good many farms have lands. been lost ( 11,123) because two farms have Supporting the new methods the agri-

Digitized by Coogle i8 THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY

cultural school looms up. There need be farmers soon exceed the economic demand? no long costly period of experimenting. The And what of the great numbers of people modern agricultural capitalist need only from the cities who seek to obey the call ask and the school will provide him with "back to the land?" Will the state aid tested methods and highly trained men. them to get land and machinery and fertili­ Agricultural scientists have won great vic­ zer and trainin~? And if so, how shall the tories in the last generation. They have at small farmer bve against the competition last conquered public opinion. From today of the great farms with their power ma­ onward, less money will be spent for war chinery? and more for the use of the men who can And after all, when we have had another cultivate an intimate acquaintance with Na­ generation of this 'wonderful development, ture, luring her secrets from her and fit­ and the amount of farm products shall have ting themselves to train young men and grown so great that the price drops because women.to make "two blades of grass grow of over supply, and because of low profits, where before but one could live." great agricultural trusts develop and raise But already the agricultural schools are prices as do our other trusts, what then? turning out thousands of trained agricul­ Why then, we shall have gone around turalists. As the number of schools in­ the circle. Other nations have worked in crease, their trained product will multiply. a circle. Rome reached the period when What is to be done with them? They can­ all her industries, including agriculture, not all find work as managers and experts. were in the hands of a few. Rome had her They will not consent to become tenants. vast army of skilled workers reduced to To become owners of even moderately sized beggary because of slave competition. Vle farms becomes increasingly difficult with are rapidly approaching that condition be­ the average value of 138 acres at $6,444. cause of the perfection of semi-automatic With large farms backed by plenty of cap­ and automatic machinery. What are we to ital on the increase, where is the young do about it? The Barbarians solved Rome's man, even though he have scientific train­ problem by blotting Rome out. Today, ing, to get his capital? State aid, some peo­ there are no barbarous people strong enough ple say. Canada is trying the experiment. to threaten civilization. Even China has Michigan is talking of it. Railroads, espe­ at last been conquered by modern ideas. cially in Canada are .doing something along We must find sufficient intelligence within that line. Bu~ what problem will such an ourselves to raise our civilization out of expedient solve? Of what avail is it to seek the · circle onto a higher plane. And we to divide up the land and increase the num­ shall. ber of farm o;vners when competitive con­ When the revolution in agriculture is ditions tend toward increased acreage and complete, the physical basis for Social a decrease in the number of farmers Democracy shall have been laid. The forces needed? at work are driving us irresistibly toward a Considering that the schools will increase scientific reorganization of society. Slowly and turn out more young men every year, but certainly the thought is crystallizing in will state aid provide . opportunity con­ the minds of men, that all this development stantly and in increased degree and per­ is for good and that society must finally manently for the output of the agricultural assume responsibility for the comfort, wel­ school? Will not the supply of would-be fare and happiness of its people.

Digitized by Coogle l Good-Bye, Morse

By W. S. Morrow

COMRADE MORROW.

H, YOU telegraph operator! day's work; overtime thirty and fifty cents. 0 If it were possible it is quite Much agitation is going on for a 20 per probable that Samuel F. B. Morse, cent increase in pay. Our committee, the inventor of the telegraph, elected by referendum vote, visits the man. would turn in his grave, for the modern agement in a short time. One, at a glance telephone has come into practical use and is or first thought, would say we woild get gradually taking the place of the telegraph nothing. Perhaps-but our division of the in the movement of trains. On several of the important railway lines the telephone Order of Railroad Telegraphers is known is being used altogether. The telegraph, as "Fighting 54." About two years ago however, is retained for emergency use when the 'phones were first installed 'phon­ when the telephone circuit fails and also ers' wages were cut to $60 and $65. Our for the transmission of messages other than committee was told to get busy and made a train orders. trip to St. Paul and asked to have wages This is simply another illustration of the put back to same as before. The manage­ machine supplanting skilled labor, working ment said : "Nix for you, we can get opera­ with this difference; it is not decreasing the tors by the carload now." Our entire or­ number of men formerly employed but en­ ganization voted strike. The result was ables a person with no knowledge of the that our demands were granted and more telegraph to be used in the place of the . telegraph operator, who does not like the change of machinery. Mechanically the telephone is quicker in operation than the telegraph, although the telegraph is safer in transmission of messages wher-e expe­ rienced operators are used. Any plug or dub, man or woman who can pass the re­ quired physical examination and the ex­ amination on rules of transportation and can write at all legibly can hold down an "Os" job at some way station. The railway companies in the west gen­ erally, at their "way" or "block" stations, give the operators the free use of an old. worn out, dismantled box car for a "home" (and it would be a shame to destroy some of them). The pay for such a job out here is $75 per month and eight hours a PART OF THE JOB.

Digitized by Coogle a .....,. 100 THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW

money was given to the heavier jo~. A that the country over, we have unionized demonstration of solidarity of the workers. about 90 per cent of the jobs. We have A few years ago most every youth had made overtures to the various railway labor aspirations of being a "lightning artist." organizations. with an aim toward Indus­ There are some 75,000 working today. It trial Unionism but up to the present have takes about a year to learn telegraphy and been unsuccessful. The "princes of labor" about a day to learn the operation of the prefer to go it alone, and remain divided telephone. The men and women who have as slaves instead of being united as taken jobs as "phoners" are being quickly a fighting class against our common enemy taken into our organization and we estimate the Capitalist Owning_ Class. ·. Living on Determination tn Paterson By Pb.illipe Rueeell

HE strike of the Paterson silk work­ dead, but still I cannot cry. They have T ers must now take its place as one killed my man, but I shed not one tear. of the memorable labor struggles of After you win the strike, then maybe I cry. American history. It began in Jan­ I do not ask help from you, though my man uary, in the dead of winter. It is now mid­ is dead. I ask only that you win this summer and still the army of toilers pre­ strike." sents an unbroken front to the enemy. While this spirit lasts, all the deviltries, ThQa Lawrence strike, which marked an cruelties and oppression of the entire capi­ epoch in American industrial life, lasted talist class will avail nothing. Madonna's ten weeks. The Paterson strike bids fair wife probably had never made a public ut­ to last ten months. The Lawrence strikers terance before in her life but her simple, were fed from the stream of contributions dry-eyed appeal was more eloquent than that poured in from an aroused working the tongues of a thousand gifted orators. class. The Paterson workers have had to She knew how to talk to her people. They live mostly on hope, which now has become heard her message and understood. simply grim determination. At last Paterson officialdom summoned Since the last reports from the seat of up enough nerve to sentence Quinlan. He war were made in these columns, several was pronounced guilty some time ago of new atrocities have been added to the list "inciting hostility to the government" on which the· workers of Paterson will carry the unsupported ·testimony of detectives in their memories and hearts for a long, and policemen who got up one after an­ long time. Among these is the sentencing other and swore to the same monotonous of Patrick L. Quinlan, organizer, to the lie, saying Pat told the strikers to go out penitentiary in Trenton, N. ]. ; the trial of and club the heads off the scabs, though as Elizabeth Gurley Flynn which resulted in a matter of fact there were any number a disagreement; the throwing into jail of of witnesses to prove that Pat did not make Frederick Sumner Boyd; and the murder a speech that day at all, not even being pres­ of the striker, Madonna. ent in the hall where the gum-shoe men Madonna, one of the most faithful and swore he fired off his incendiary and bloody active of pickets, was shot and killed by utterances. an armed thug doing scab work in one of But they didn't sentence Quinlan at the the mills. Several thousand silent strikers time. They were afraid to. There was a escorted his body to its grave and dropped certain tenseness in the atmosphere in Pat­ into it their red blossoms, symbol of the erson at that time and the masters felt a blood of the workers. vague, unnamable fear that caused them By her husband's open grave Madonna's to decide to await a safer time. wife turned and faced the throng. In One day afterward they found Pat in the broken, halting English she began to speak. courtroom listening to the trial of Gurley "I do not cry," she said. "Madonna is Flynn whereupon they suddenly seized him

Digitized by Coogle PHILLIPS RUSSELL 101 and led him before the judge, who sen• with thirty others for two weeks, is going tenced him to two to seven years in the to set a precedent that no revolutionis~ can penitentiary. In 48 hours Pat was on his ignore. He is charged with "inciting the way to the Bastile, chained to a negro destruction of private property." In other burglar. They probably thought they were words he is accused of advocating that heaping insult on injury by doing this, but dreadful thing-sabotage. He himself is I am sure when Pat saw who his team-mate confident of being burned at the stake,- but on the way to prison was to be, he rejoiced his friends are hopeful that his punishment that it was a negro burglar and not a Pat­ will be no worse than being boiled in oil­ erson silk manufacturer or a pot-bellied olive oil, which is a soothing emollient and judge with respectability on his counte­ ought to provide lin agreeable death. nance and corruption and murder in his The Socialist party will find itself in a heart. peculiarly awkward position in Boyd's case. Pat has Been an active worker in the The New Jersey statute he is accused of Socialist party these many years. But the violating is practically the same as Sec­ party saw him railroaded to the peniten­ tion 6, Article II, of the Socialist party tiary with scarcely more than a murmur constitution, and though Boyd has been of protest. Can it be that while we are a valuable worker in the party in New agitating ourselves as to whether commis­ York for several years, the party will hardly sion government will advance or retard the dare say much in his defense lest the ghost revolution and striving to elect persons to of the Indianapolis convention rise up to office who are committed to municipal ice­ bedevil it. The party will not dare de­ houses the capitalists are quietly stealing nounce the capitalists in case Boyd is con­ our fundamental rights away? victed, because the capitalists and the party Practically the same set of liars who have agreed and written on their ~tatute brought about the conviction of Quinlan books that sabotage ranks with violence and tried to send Miss Flynn over the same crime, and therefore is to be severely pun­ road, but failed because two jurymen re­ ished I fused to be parties to the crime. The stom­ Boyd's will be the first case in this coun­ achs of Jersey jurymen are strong but per­ try dealing with the question of sabotage. haps those of these two turned at the last It behooves every revolutionist to bestir moment. So Gurley will have to stand himself and help raise money for Boyd's trial again in the fall when judges and defense. prosecutors have strengthened themselves Haywood and Carlo Tresca also will be by a sojourn at the seashore and can put a tried in the fall for high crimes committed woman behind the bars for an indefinite against the capitalist class in Paterson. number of years without having indiges­ Meantime the strikers are holding on grimly tion afterward. and desperately. They dare not lose. The trial of Boyd, who is now out on What is the working class going to do bail after using the same towel in common about it?

Scott Indicted Again

HE conviction of Alexander Scott is a denies having any <:onnection with the theft of T direct result of his great and steadfas! an issue of the paper and very evidently con­ aiding of the Paterson silk strikers; this is siders the confiscation of the paper a dis­ class "justice" and the mill owners are deter- graceful and criminal act. It is significant that mined to "get him." • those who are cited as being the real thieves Since the publication of the July REviEW have nothing to say. The editorial follows: Comrade Scott has again been indicted by the grand jury. This time the charge is criminal WHO IS THE THIEF? libel and the charge is made by Robert Mc­ Although we had Detectives Lord and Kepp­ Cabe, who claims to having been slandered by ler and Patrolmen Oune and Maguire arrested an editorial appearing in the Weekly Issue for the theft of the Weekly Issue, four weeks March 29. The editorial upon which the in­ ago, we do not for an instant take these men dictment is based is here reproduced. ' McCabe to be the real thieves. We are not, however,

Digitized by Coogle 102 THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW vouching for the character of the local police, · from the Prosecutor to take the papers. The but in the theft of the Issue we exonerate them. members protested, and after some argument, They ·had orders to take the papers. Just who Lord instructed Keppler to "go over to the issued the original orders we are as yet unable Chief and see what we had better do." Had to say. This will no doubt develop later. orders been given by the Prosecutor, no such The circumstances leading up to the confis­ uncertainty_ would ·have been felt by the de­ cation, or rather theft, (we prefer the word tectives. However, Keppler soon returned ac- · theft), are interesting, and (to those who know companied. by the two policemen and an­ who is who in Paterson) significant. nounced: "Yes, take them." The police then On Friday, February 28th, at about 11 a. m., seized the papers without producing any search a well-known character in religious-political warrant or showing any order from the Prose­ circles in Paterson-big noise in the T. A. B. cutor. Who ~tave the order? Will the Prose­ Society, entered Socialist Party headquarters cutor admit having given the order without on Main Street, took a squint at a copy of first having a search warrant issued? Will the Weekly Issue, which was being read by one Chief Bimson admit having given the order of the members of the Party, who was then without first securing a search warrant? Will seated at a table near the window of the the policemen admit having stolen the papers? room, then ·having reassured himself that the What part did Robert McCabe play? It would bundles of papers on the floor were identical be interesting to know the facts. The trial with that being read by the member at the will bring them out." table, he immediately left the room and next It is time the Socialist Party did something minute he was seen giving orders to Detectives beside talking about this case. We think it Lord and Keppler, who stood at the corner of would be a good thing for the N. E. C. or the Main and Ellis,on streets. Lord and Keppler N. C. to suggest that the National Office immediately proceeded to the Socialist bead­ donate some of the money that might have quarters, where they announced to the two gone for sending folks to Europe to the Scott members then present that they had orders Defense Fund. What do you think about it?

The Finnish - "W' orking People "s College

By George Sirola

HE influences of international capi­ the spirit of nationality among the Finns. T talism, through American commod­ For this purpose a school called "People's ities and machines, on the Euro­ College" was established in Minneapolis, pean social and industrial condi­ !vfinn., 1913, and very soon moved to tions, have driven into America a great Smithville, which is a suburb of the city many Finnish people, the number of of Duluth. which is 211,026, according to the cen­ This attempt, however, was a failure. sus of 1910. These immigrants were led The students, recruited as they were par­ and "educated" by ignorant preachers, ticularly from the working class, could who were paid well for their petty serv­ not be satisfied with the conservative ices and supported by the middle class, doctrines. They demanded knowledge of the petit bourgeoisie, who are seeking .the real things and modern sciences and com­ favor of the trust magnates by teaching pelled the board of directors to provide the workers religious obedience and na­ them with such teachers and lecturers- as tional competition among the workers. could instruct them in these particular These people soon found it necessary to subjects. establish a school where it could prepare At the same time the Finnish comrades preachers and "educators" to promote outside the college were beginning to be .

Digitized by Coogle GEORGE SJROLA lOJ

STUDENTS DURING 1811. ~ .....;. C:'-"· -;-7-rt ·.:,. - -- ~- .... ~ __..:. _.: ______w _ _ .. - ~ --· - -=-····.. ·_.. ___ _. _.._..._ inte;esied ~ in the college. The, socialist ~ ·~;-;~date·- about" -ni~ety -;t~d~t;. ' ;fbi~ locals and individual comrades were pur- having been completed this summer, the chasing shares of the stock, $1.00 per value of the institution will be more than share, and they soon, 1907-8, acquired fifty thousand dollars. possession of majority of the shares. At the convention of 1908 the Finnish As soon as the socialists came into con- Socialist Organization accepted the col­ trot of the college the program was en- lege as its own and for the following two tirely changed and the college since has years the Finnish comrades were paying been known as the "Working Peoples' dues, $1.00 a year for the maintenance of College." the college. The convention of 1912, held at This meartt a new and brighter life for the college, decided that these dues the institution. The students were com- should be only SO cents a year and it also ing in such numbers that the old building emphasized the fact that as an institution became insufficient and the neighboring owned by the working class its service to houses were also occupied. Courageously the workers should be pr_incipally the a new building was erected 'in 1910 with teaching of subject important in the a large lecture hall, two class rooms, a class struggle. gymnasium, office rooms and study The study of socialism was divided rooms for about sixty students. But in into three courses-the preparatory scien­ a short time this, too, was insufficient, tific course, and the scientific courses I especially when the old building was de- and II. The preparatory course, includ­ stroyed by fire in the spring of 1911. The ing economics, history, politics and so­ following summer a dining room and cialist program and tactics, is compulsory kitchen was built and now plans are be- even for those students who wish to ·at­ ing made to build a dormitory with li- ttnd the college for the purpose of brary and reception room that will ac- studying bookkeeping, arithmetic and the

Digitized by Coogle 104 DEBS DENOUNCES CRITICS

English ot Finnish languages. Each places in the vicinity give talks in Eng­ student is also required to take an ac­ lish. Last winter the students subscribed tive part in exercises for practical party for the Lyceum Lecture Course and. for work. The scientific courses I and II are next year the plans have been made to for the students whose principaJ aim is have one English lecturer and socialist to specialize in the study of the class teacher as a member of the faculty. struggle and in organization work. The Previous to this time the school .has works of Marx, Engels, Kautsky and . been in session only six months of the others of the best authors on socialism year, which was one continuous term, but are being studied and the text books used now two months have been added to the , are both in English and Finnish. time and this is divided into two terms of Through frequent and strict recitations four months each. and examinations the advancement of­ Last winter there were in attendance the students are tested. The more ad­ 136 students, of which 33 were women. vanced students prepare original lectures, The students were from all parts of the essays and articles on socialist topics. United States and Canada where Finnish The college has already sent out several people live. The . next winter a still editors for the party press, speakers, lec­ larger attendance is expected, although turers and organizers in the rank and the board and tuition, which has been file. The faculty, with the aid of the $20 per month is raised to $22. students, has each year issued a publica­ For the benefit of those comrades who tion called "Revolution," this year's is­ are unable to attend college, a corre­ sue being the sixth. spondence department was organized in The teaching of the English language and preparing the students for participat­ connection with the college. The students ing in the work of the English locals of this department receive instructions and unions are, of course, the principal in the English and Finnish languages, aims of this institution at the present arithmetic and political economy. time. Besides the regular study periods, The readers of the REVIEW might take the students are requested to attend the pleasure in knowing that there prevails English Debating Club, where, occasion­ a radical spirit among the faculty and the ally, comrades from Duluth or other students in the college.

Debs Denounces Critics From tLe N. Y. Call

Terre Haute, Ind., June 27.-The Na­ animus of its critics and assailants, which tional Committee of the Socialist party in they ,have been careful not to reveal in its regular session in May appointed a what they have written against it. committee of three to investigate condi­ Two or three Socialist papers have bit­ tions in West Virginia. That committee, terly condemned the report. Not one of of which the writer was a member, was them published it. Each of them sup­ instructed to work in harmony with the pressed it. They evidently did not want United Mine Workers. their readers to see it. It was sufficient Having completed its investigation the for them to condemn it. committee has submitted its report, and These Socialist papers have in this in­ it is in reference to this report, which has stance adopted the method of the capital­ been widely published, that I now have ist papers with which I have had so something to say in answer to those who much experience. A thousand times a have assailed it. speech of mine has been denounced by a First of all I want to say that I shall capitalist paper while not a line of the make no defense of the report. It does speech was permitted to appear. That is not need defense. It will answer for it­ precisely what these Socialist papers have self. But I do want to show the true done with our report, and if this is fair

Digitized by Coogle THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW 105

to themselves and their readers, I am tack from the same source unless we had willing to let it pass. denounced the officials of the United · When our commitee was appointed, Mine Workers, without exception, -as more than sixty of onr comrades were crooks and grafters and in conspiracy to in the bullpen, martial law was in full keep the miners in slavish subjection. force, two Socialist papers had been sup­ That would have satisfied those who pressed and there was a terrible state of are now so violently assailing us. Noth­ affairs generally. Within four days after ing less would. our committee arrived upon the ground For this reason and no other we are every prisoner was released, martial law being vilified by sabotagers and anti­ was practically declared off, the sup­ political actionists, and by those who are pressed papers were given to understand for just enough political action to mask that they could resume at their pleasure, ·their anarchism. and the governor of the state gave his I am an industrial unionist, but not an unqualified assurance that free speech, industrial bummereyite, and those who free assemblage and the right to organize are among the miners of West Virginia should prevail and that every other con­ magnifying every petty complaint against stitutional right should be respected so the United Mine Workers and arousing sus­ far as lay in his power. picion against every one connected with it, It may be that our committee had noth­ are the real enemies of industrial union­ ing to do with bringing about these ism and of the working class. changes. As to this I have nothing to I am quite well aware that there are say. I simply state the facts. weak and crooked officials in the United Soon after our arrival it became evi­ Mine Workers, but to charge that they dent that a certain element was hostile to are all traitors without exception is out­ the United Mine Workers and deter­ rageously false and slanderous. mined to thwart the efforts of that or­ The whole trouble is that some Chi­ ganization to organize the miners. This cago I. W. W.-ites, in spirit at least, are is the real source of opposition to our seeking to dtsrupt and drive out the· action and to our report. United Mine Workers to make room for Let me say frankly here that I do not the I. W. W. and its program of sabotage hide behind the instruction of the National and "strike at the ballot box with an ax." Committee that we work in harmony To this I was, and am, and shall be, with the United Mine Workers. I would opposed with all my might, and if this Be have done this under existing circum­ treason, I am guilty without a doubt. stances without instruction. The I. W. W.-ists have never done one In our report to the party. we made a particle of organizing, or clttempted to, true transcript of the facts as we found in the dangerous districts of West Vir­ them. We told the truth as we saw it. ginia. The United Mine Workers have And yet we have been charged by the been on the job for years and all that the element in question with having white­ sabotagers have done is to denounce their washed Governor Hatfield and betrayed officials and organizers as crooks and at­ the party. tempt in every way possible to defeat The truth is that we opposed Governor their efforts. Hatfield where he was wrong and upheld The United Mine Workers is steadily him where he was right. · evolving into a thoroughly industrial But Hatfield is not the reason, but only union and in time it will certainly be­ the excuse in this instance. The intense come so, but never in a thousand years prejudice prevailing against him has been will the efforts of these disrupters union­ taken advantage of to discredit our re­ ize the miners of West Virginia or any port as a means of striking a blow at the other state. United Mine Workers. I now want to ask those who are de­ Had we, instead of doing plain justice nouncing our report under the false pre­ to Governor Hatfield, as to everyone else, tense that we have whitewashed Goy­ painted him black as a fiend, our report ernor Hatfield, if Mother Jones and John would have provoked the same bitter at- W, Brown are also crooks and traitors?

Digitized by Coogle 106 A REPLY TO DEBS

Both have been and are today in the em­ not at all in harmony with its entire pro­ ploy of the officials of the United Mine gram and there is much in it that I would Workers. change, but I believe that properly .en­ Will these I. W. W.-ites charge that couraged and rightly directed it can Mother Jones and John Brown are in the within the near future be made a thor­ service of crooks and traitors? That is oughly revolutionary industrial union, exactly what their charge, stripped of its one of the greatest in the world, the false pretense, amounts to, but they will ''Hallelujah-l'm a Bum" element to the not dare to put it in that form. contrary notwithstanding. If President White, Vice President The charge has been directly made that Hayes, Germer, Haggerty, Paul Paulsen, our committee betrayed its trust. If and all the rest of the national, district there is even the shadow of a foundation and local officials of the United Mine for this charge, then not only should the Workers, including the numerous organ­ report of the committee be repudiated, i2·ers who have been slugged and beaten but the committee itself be expelled from up, are crooks and traitors, as these the party. "strike at the ballot box with an ax" dis­ Let those who have made this charge organizers would have you believe, then against us produce their proof and make Mother Jones and John Brown, who have their appeal to the party for a referendum been and are in their service, and work­ vote. ing hand in hand with them, must cer­ So far as I am concerned the report tainly know it, and knowing it, must be stands. I have no apology for a word in quite as guilty as those who employ them it. During the two weeks our committee and pay them their salaries. was in Charleston we worked day and There is nothing to be gained but night with painstaking care to con­ everything to be lost by the mad attempt scientiously perform our duty, and I am being made by the anti-political actionists more than willing that the party shall and physical forcists to disrupt and de­ decide whether we did it or whether we stroy the United Mine Workers. I am betrayed our trust. A Reply to Debs Editor of the Call: was a "weak mass of misstatements and In your issue of June 28 appears an a sickening eulogy of Dictator Hatfield." article by Comrade Eugene V. Debs, The truth of the last clause of the charge headed "Debs Denounces Vilifiers of is plainly apparent to everyone who has West Virginia Committee Report." As read. the report. The truth of the first one of the parties referred to as "vilifiers," clause is well known to all who have I would like to answer a few of the points taken the trouble to inform themselves made in the article. regarding the trouble in this state. fhe Socialist and Labor Star bitterly Comrade Debs says that when the com­ condemned the committee's report ; it did mittee arrived in West Virginia more not publish it, but it did give an explana­ than sixty of our comrades were in jail tion for suppressing it, in the following and two of our papers were suppressed. words: "We have never, and will never, All true. Now pay particular attention to devote any of our space to whitewashing dates. The committee arrived in West a cheap political tool of the capitalist Virginia on May 17. Hatfield was inau­ class, not even when the whitewash is gurated governor on March 4, something mixed by a committee representing our over two months previous. These com­ own party." rades had been held in-or put in-jail From Comrade Debs' own words I will at Hatfield's orders, and the papers had endeavor to prove that our condemna­ been suppressed at his command. Mother tion of the report was justified. Our Jones, Editor Boswell, National Commit­ charges against the report were that it teeman Brown, and forty-six other So-

Digitized by Coogle W. H. THOMPSON 107 cialists were placed on trial before a mili­ aware of the fact. However, I have tary drumhead court-martial on March 7. heard considerable of this new species On March 9, the Circuit Court of Kana­ from the capitalistic press and I note wha County issued a writ forbidding the that the capitalists are very hostile to­ trial of these prisoners by the militia. ward it. I consider that a good recom­ The sheriff went into the military zone to mendation for a labor organization and serve this writ, only to be met by the will certainly not speak slightingly of it Provost Marshal,. who, acting under or­ or condemn it as long as the parasites ders from Hatfield, forcibly prevented the fear it, but as for the I. W. W. being re­ serving of the papers, and the drumhead sponsible for the attack on the Mine trial proceeded in defiance of the civil Workers' officials, who deliberately at­ courts. tempted to betray the Kanawha strikers, The report of our committee says: "It I think Comrade Debs' fear was father was under the administration of Glass­ to the thbught. cock, and not Hatfield, that Mother Jones, Then Debs dramatically points to C. H. Boswell and John Brown were Mother Jones and John Brown as evi­ court-martialed and convicted." dence that the Mine Workers' officials On April 25, the Charleston Labor Ar­ are· straightforward and honest, or these gus was confiscated, suppressed, and those two class-conscious comrades would not -suspected of being connected with it were work for them. And I come right back thrown into jail. On May 9 the Socialist with the assertion that both Mother and Labor Star was confi:;cated, its plant Jones and Brown have worked, not for destroyed and five of its owners jailed­ these officials whom he so vigorously de­ by order of Governor Hatfield. fends, but for the rank and file of the Our committee's report referring to workers. these outrages says: "In this connection Comrade Debs drags in this trouble be­ it. is but fair to say that the governor tween the miners and their officials in an and his friends disavow knowledge of attempt to cloud the real issue. The these outrages!" charges are that the West Virginia com­ According to Comrade Debs' article, it mittee's report was unworthy of our did not take him long to discover "that party. And I ask him if either Mother a certain element was hostile to the Jones or Brown have indorsed that re­ United Mine Workers." Apparently, port? I will go further and state that however, he failed to discover that there they have denounced it-and will ask were numerous element& hostile to So­ Comrade Debs if he classes them as cialism. There was an element hostile "Chicago I. W. W .-ites"? to the United Mine Workers' officials Comrade Debs concludes his article who had just leagued themselves with with, "So far as I am concerned the re­ Hatfield and agreed upon a "~ettlement" port stands. I hilVe no apology for a of the strike, which was odious to the word of it"; yet I have before me a com­ strikers and which they have since to­ munication from Comrade Debs, dated tally repudiated. Comrade Debs uses June 30, in which he says: this "element" that was hostile to the "When I said in my last letter to the United Mine Workers as a shield to hide Socialist and Labor Star thaf I would not behind when we attack him for white­ change a word in our committee's report, washing Hatfield. Then he pours out I should have made the exception to the this vial of wrath upon us; reference to the administration under "The whole trouble is that some Chi­ which Mother Jones, Boswell, Brown and cago I. W. W .-ites, in spirit, at least, are tried by military seeking to disrupt and drive out the other comrades were United Mine Workers to make room for court-martial." Evidently he is begin­ the I. W. W . and its program of sabot­ ning to study that famous document and age." compare it with the facts in the case. I Speaking for myself, I will say that I wish to ask the committee, and especially have never seen a real live I. W. W.-ite. Comrade Debs, by just what line of rea­ If there is or has ever been such an ani­ soning they arrived at the conclusion to mal in \Vest Virginia I am blissfully un- donate three-fifths of their report to ex-

Digitized by Google 108 SOCIALIST THEORY AND TACTICS

onerating Hatfield of charges which had comrades, and had arbitrarily suppressed never been made against him, and in two of our papers? passing so lightly over the fact that when w. H. THOMPSON, they arrived here they found that he was Editor Socialist and Labor SttW. illegally holding in prison sixty of their Huntington, W. Va., July 2, 1913.

Socialist Theory and Tactics By Charles A. Rice

Effect of Pure-and-Simp/ism Upon the German Labor Movement Since 1900 PART IV-Continued

3. Lack of international solidarity and unwilling or afraid to· sacrifice a day's response is the third weak point of German wages or to make any serious attempt to proletarians. True, the German Social­ compel the recognition on the part of the ist movement as a whole, including the most employers, of May 1 as the International advanced trade unions, contributed hand­ Day of Labor's emancipation. somely during the general strike in Sweden Is it not a painful reflection upon the and the revolution of 1905 in Russia. But German wage-workers that they lack revo­ the trade unions proper, in their economic lutionary grain or anything like class im­ sphere, that is at the point of production, pulse and combative abandon, some self­ and outside of financial relief sent abroad, forgetful strain in their blood? And how show a remarkable lack of response in times astonishing that over two millions of SO­ of great stress as in the international class cial-Democrats organized in trade unions struggle. January 14, 1911, the Interna­ equipped with enormous funds are !:O de­ tional Transport Workers' Federation, with plorably weak that they cannot fight off one which the German seamen, longshoremen, day in the year for fittingly proclaiming the and other transport workers are affiliated, historic mission of their class! declared a general strike in accordance Again, the same German workers coming with the decision adopted at its conference to countries with a higher stage of capital­ held at Antwerp in March, 1911. ism very soon lose all the Socialist training At this conference the German delegates and the modest dose of class-consciousness refused their consent to take part in the they had at home. This is notably the case strike on the ground that their seamen had in this couqtry. A great many of those who recently received an advance in wages. have come over from Germany as Social Finally, the conference, including the Ger­ man delegates, decided that in case further Democrats have entered the best-paying efforts for improving the condition of the crafts and have become bona fide pure-and­ workers in English ports failed, the long­ simpler of the Gompers-Mitchell stripe. threatened international strike should be They are among the strongest champions called. Now, the strike was called, but the of craft-unionism. They are permeated German seamen refused to support it. with the ideas and feelings of the small ( 4) Social Democrats, though they are bourgeois. in overwhelming numbers, with all their We have with us, of course, a good many Mar...:ian training and their fervent belief German Socialists and some of these were in the advent of the Social Revolution, the the pioneers in the American Socialist move­ German workers show very little of genuine ment. But these belong to an earlier for­ revolutio11ary grit, far less than do the mation; they date from the heroic days in Frenchmen or even Italians. One of the the history of the Social Democracy, from sore spots in the friction between the party the period of revolutionary storm and and the trarle unions is their wrangles anent stress, of persecution and martyrdom under the First of May. The trade unions are the Anti-Socialist Law at home. And evel\

Digitized by Coogle CHARLES A. RICE 109 these have, in the course of time, in many tions, some of them quite strong, as, for in­ cases, evolved into staunch Gompersites. stance, in the building, metal, and wood­ The later installments from Germany working industries. There are also a great were for the most part, still more bourgeois number of local central bodies, organized in their moral fibre and mental make-up, and on the plan of the various Central Labor are content with their flesh pots. Of course, Unions or Councils, in this country. But the brewers are organized industrially and these federations and central bodies differ have materially helped the American Social­ in no essential from our American A. F. L. ist movement in its infancy. But, then, the creations. , German beer breweries form a closed in­ Both are imbued with the same fossilized dustry where practically none but Germans spirit of a "fair wage for a fair day's la­ are admitted and where the workers are bor." Both hold fast to sacred contracts. on terms of beautiful harmony with the Both swear to the omnipotence of "funds," beer magnates. of prohibitively bigh dues, and feel they The German brewery workers in this couldn't venture a step beyond the precincts country, besides, also belong in the main, protected by the magic of a great supply to the earlier batches of immigrants of the of yellow coin. Both believe they can beat pioneer days. In the American labor move­ ("lick") the employers in the game of dol­ ment proper they are far from being the lars or marks. Both feed a huge beaur­ progressive element to forge ahead and lead ocracy. Both fight shy of real democracy the class struggle in more advanced forms, in so far as the referendum and recall may to blaze the way for genuine proletarian So­ interfere with or check that very beauroc­ cialism,-that is far from what we should racy. The German variety is even more expect them to be in proportion to the So­ timid- than its cousins in this country or in cialist training they have brought with them England. In this connection the following from Germany, this classic home of the facts are highly symptomatic of the general Social-Democratic movement. craft-union tone pervading the entire labor (5) Lack of general initiative and cre­ movement in Germany. ative self-action is what plagues them the Samuel Gompers, while attending the In­ most. This is shown in a variety of ways. ternational Labor Congress in Vienna, Aus­ It seems that the German workers will tria had to swallow some bitter pills and be the last to take up industrial unionism. lump down with all his Gompersian bland­ The workers in France, Italy, England, ness of manner the fierce attacks directed Australia, and the United States are begin­ against him and his Federation. Now who ning to wake up. They are on the way of denounced him? Who gave him a piece of making short work with craft-unionism, their minds? trade autonomy, long-drawn strikes that The severe drubbing came not from the spell defeat, written agreements, arbitra­ German delegates, but from the Austrians! tion swindles, and all the other shackles The uncrowned Czar of the A. F. L., on with which reactionary craftism chains its the contrary, had a right royal good time organized dupes and hands them over to in Germany in a sort of triumphal march the mercies of the capitalists. They also through the Teutonic domain of craft-un­ begin to see that labor "aristocracies" are ionism. The same was true of Carl Legien the worst traitors to the cause of the pro­ while on his lecturing tour in this country. letariat and that all wage workers, skilled In his address delivered at the meeting in and unskilled alike, must be ultimately Star Casino, New York, he held up Gom­ welded into one big class union in order to pers as a model leader of the workers in win now and always. the economic field. The. German workers are so far the only The German Social-Democratic unions ones under the sway of centralized capital­ have almost nothing to organize the rail­ ism who do not feel the throb of this great road and postal employees. That the rail­ creative movement, these birth-throes that roads are run by the government, which is, herald the advent of a ne-w proletariat with of course, extremely hostile to labor organ­ the motto of industrial socialism on its izations, especially among its wage slaves, banner. True, a number of trades in Ger­ is a lame way of accounting for this de­ many are organized in industrial federa- plorable fact. The French government is

Digitized by Gooole ().. 110 SOCIALISt THEORY AND TACTICS

not a whit better than the German; it is splendidly equipped from the craft-union just as brutal, just as servile a tool of cap­ standpoint, with all the manifold leverage italism, and just as relentless in crushing sufficiently outlined above, could have done out any ttaces of organization among its a great deal. employees in the railroad and mail service Here was a chance to show the full and force its educational department. The same it commands; it was not merely a splendid is true of Italy. It is hardly necessary to chance, but a sacred duty to obey, mention the ur­ Russia in this connection. Wher­ gent call, the groan of the whole German ever, outside of Germany the railroad work­ proletariat on the verge of despair pleading ers are organized, their federations are the for immediate action. The trade strongest, unions as is the case in Italy, France, ought to have brought out all their battal­ England and the United States. ions and convulsed the whole country in a In Germany, they are the weakest in general strike, backed by all the help of the point of organization and resistance. And huge Social Democracy in and out of the yet, these railroad and other government Reich stag. employees are splendidly represented in the What the proletariat of Vienna did in one Reichstag on the Social-Democratic left,­ city, the German unions could have done a boon which their brothers in other coun­ on a far greater tries scale, with a far more ef­ are either entirely deprived of or en­ fective organization, joy to a much smaller and for Germany as a extent. So that the whole. With their above plea simply amounts numbers, funds, their to shifting the party, and blame to where it does not belong. all their other brilliant assets The gist they should of the matter is plainly this: to organize have tied up all industry, com­ merce, the workers in the state-run industries or in and shipping. What the English the civil service would require an amount of workers have in part accomplished in their initiative, organizing effort, and militant recent general strike was far less than what energy clearly beyond the powers of the the Germans could have accomplished. German trade unions. They could hImperial Finally, during the last two years the Chancellor would have been compelled to curse of high prices and indirect taxation find a way to deal with the of agrarian tariff foodstuffs hit the German workers hard­ and all the other forms of est, loot and tribute far more severely than in any other the proletariat has to pay the brigands country with of large industry and a parasitic industry, finance, and agriculture. Instead landed aristocracy. The suffering and des­ of relief.z. the German proletariat titution got noth­ of the German city proletariat be­ ing but derision and evasive talk. came very Why? acute. Now, what did this trade­ Because the trade unions, with or union movement without do? A movement appa­ the Social Democracy, have absolutely rently so strong in point of numbers, so failed to rise to the occasion. Photo by Barratt, London. COMRADES WHO TOOK PART IN THE GREAT INTERNATIONAL PROTEST MEETING AGAINST WAR HELD IN LONDON, ENGLAND. NAMES, LEFT TO RIGHT-J. F. GREEN, W. S. LANDERS, EDMUND AUSLEE (BELGIUM)i ]. MIDDLETON, LUDWIG FRANK (GERMANY) 1 J. KEIR HARDIE, JEAN LONGUET (FRANCE), P ATIN E. DRAKOULIS (GREECE), MISS SCATCHJ\RD.

Appeal from Greek Comrades HE following is a portion of the inter­ must soon be closed through lack of T national appeal sent out by the Greek funds. Socialist Party to comrades all over the "The splendid campaign of the last five world. It is signed by Miss Felicia years is now threatened. Scatcherd, vice-president of the Greek "Owing to the recent imposition of S. P., P. E. Drakoules, one of the oldest martial law, freedom of speech is sus­ Socialists in that country, and General pended. This increases the difficulty of Secretary P. Harokopos. The first two our propaganda, which must cease unless of these comrades are among the inter­ help be forthcoming. national delegates to the International "Already we have been compelled to Socialist Anti-War Meeting held two or discontinue our weekly organ Erevna. It three months ago, whose photograph is has been published at great loss for the reproduced here. last two years (and at a still greater sac­ "The situation in Greece, in conse­ rifice since the mobilization). The editor quence of the mobilization, is no less hopes to resume its publication as a critical and acute than in the rest of the monthly periodical after the war is over, Balkans. The whole country is suffering when a new public will have to be cre­ from the devastating effects of war due ated, as the greater number of its sub­ to loss of employment, dispersion and scribers have been lost sight of. deaths. "We appeal to our comrades of all na­ "In Greece, as in the other belligerent tionalities, to send us contributions. countries, our propaganda has been par­ "All donations should be sent to ticularly crippled, and our Socialist La­ "Miss Felicia Scatcherd, the vice-presi­ bor Center at 40 Rue Pin~e. Athens, as dent of the Greek Socialist Party, 14 Park well as its branches in the provinces, Square, Regent's Park, London, Eng. 111

Digitized by Goog~ II EDITORIAL I] The Battle Front Sbifting.-AII over efficient administration of things, as capi­ the world the tremendous battle between talists reckon efficiency. The new tariff wage-workers and capitalists is growing and especially the new banking law are hotter and fiercer, but everywhere, .and likely to bring profits to American ex­ especially in the United States there are porters and steady jobs at subsistence rapid and bewildering changes of front, wages to American wage-workers. The so that if we are not careful we may men whose jobs are threatened by these waste our ammunition or turn our gum; laws are the wage-workers of England against our friends to the delight of the and Germany. enemy. Fifteen years ago most American Industrial Crises and Panics.-Our Socialists were arguing about the waste Marxian theory of crises is no doubt of competition. Some of us have not correct in the long run, and even in the stopped yet. But the big capitalists who short run when the country under con­ really run things understand the w~stes sideration is one like England or Bel­ of competition far better than we do and gium, which has already developed its they are putting a stop to them in short own natural resources to the fullest extent order. Any further argument along profitable. Roughly 5peaking, the wage­ these lines on our part is energy wasted. worker gets only a fifth of what he pro­ Again, even as lately as last year, we duces, provided he is using modern ma­ thought it worth while to devote several chinery to work with, and if all the wage­ planks of our platform to the subject of workers were producing consumable the conservation of natural resources and goods the market would quickly be industrial development through the aid glutted; as a matter of fact it often has of the United States government. Here been glutted in Europe. But here in again it is becoming obvious that the America the capitalist class could use all capitalists who control the government the surplus labor of the workers for a realize the benefits of such action better generation in building railroads, develop­ than we do and that they are going ahead ing water power for the transmission of to do the· things we have been talking electric energy, opening up new mines, about. The Panama Canal is the first building irrigation works, making good great object lesson in the efficiency of roads and motor trucks to run on them, American state capitalism. It will prob­ and in other similar ways. They have ably be followed in quick succession by been doing it continuously as fast as in­ the development under government con­ ventors have pointed out the way and trol of the mineral resources of Alaska have grown rich doing it. The one and by a comprehensive scheme for util­ serious obstacle has been an extremely i:dng the waters of the Mississippi river defective banking system, which breaks and its tributaries in a way to develop down every few years and throws a lot electric power, promote navigation and of wage-workers out of a job, while the prevent floods. Meanwhile it is alto­ big capitalists are gleefully devouring gether likely that the government will some of the little ones. Woodrow Wil­ inaugurate a grand system of improved son has brains enough to see the trouble highways allover the United States, and and has his experts at work on a remedy. the government ownership of railways is Unless we are greatly mistaken the new a possibility not far ahead. And as for banking law and the other reforms which the more immediate future, it looks at Wilson is urging will bring an era of present writing as if the Democrats "prosperity" the like of which has never under President Wilson's leadership were been seen. Not prosperity for the wage­ going to surprise the world with a really worker; all he will get will be a steady 111

Digitized by Coogle EDITORIAL. 113 job. But the little capitalists as well as want capitalism abolished are dis­ the big ones probably have a few years couraged and alienated by the anxiety of of genuine happiness ahead of them. And our officials to protect capitalist property. the little capitalists, who, it must be re­ and make the Socialist Party respectable. membered, have more votes than the big If the Socialist Party is to live and grow, ones, are rapidly losing all their horror it has only one possible course. It must for that state capitalism which is some­ go back to first principles; it must take times wrongly called state Socialism; on up once more with renewed energy its the contrary they are coming to realize educational work along the lines laid that it is their one best chance to save down in the Communist Manifesto; it themselves from extinction. To us it must make the cause of the militant seems that an era of state capitalism is wage-workers its own cause and throw inevitable and near. itself unreservedly into the class strug­ Back to First Principles.-The So­ gle. cialist Party of America has done during Immigration and Labor.-The effect of the past ten years an educational work immigration on the wage-workers of the of immense importance. It is hard for us United States. is a subject that has been to realize that the battle against indi­ buried under floods of impassioned ora­ vidualism in production has been fought tory so long that it is refreshing to have and won ; yet we must realize this if we the actual facts presented in a really intel­ are to be a serious factor in the struggles ligent manner by a writer with a clear still to come. Henceforth, we as a party, grasp of the questions involved and one have nothing to offer the little capitalist. who reasons from the viewpoint of econo­ The Democrats or the Progressives will mic determinism. Dr. Isaac A. Hour­ take care of his interests more effectively wich, a Marxian student who has given than we could possibly do. Nor have years of research to the immigration we anything to offer the craft unionists question, has produced a book that leaves who are satisfied to let the wage system nothing but fine dust of the resounding continue if only they may get relatively high wages for themselves. They can arguments against the admission of for­ get plenty of concessions from the wise eigners into the United States. It is en­ politicians of the capitalist class who titled "Immigration and Labor," and is realize the wisdom of yielding a little to published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, New save the rest. The Socialist Party must York. He analyzes, one by one, the ar­ be revolutionary or it will be ridiculous. guments of the anti-immigration orators, The spirit of revolution is spreading as and punctures each in turn with neatness never before among the great mass cf and dispatch. We have J"oom for only a American wage-workers. Their discon­ few examples. It is urged that the new tent is growing fiercer day by day; immigration is inferior in quality to that millions of them are ready to join in ris­ of a generation ago. The author quotes ing to sweep away the whole structure pages·of the most respectable authorities o! capitalist society, if only some one of the former generation showing that would point out the way. In spite of all "every complaint against the immi&"l"ants this our party officials have been fighting from eastern and southern Europe IS but the one national labor organization which an echo of the complaints which were attempts to organize these rebellious made at an earlier day from Ireland, Ger­ wage-slaves, while they fraternize with many and even England." The claim is the officials of the conservative unions. constantly made that immigration causes No wonder we have lost fifty thousand unemployment. Dr. Hourwich proves members in a few months, as stated by that whene there is most immigration the "Party Builder." The reformers at­ there is the least unemployment, also that tracted by our belated propaganda at periods of depression the immigrants naturally lose their enthusiasm when go back to Europe faster than they come. they see their pet reforms in a fair way As to the effect of immigration on the to be realized by Woodrow Wilson and standard of living, he shows that in the his followers. And those who really states where many immigrants have set-

Digitized by Coogle 114 INTERNATIONAL NOTES

tied, the average wages are higher than the "imported laborer" is largely a myth. in the states where foreign labor is al­ Immigrants as a rule go where wages are . most unknown. As to hours of labor, it comparatively high and jobs plenty. is proved that hours are shortest in the American capitalists can use more un­ sections of the country where immigra­ skilled labor, and they are going to get it. tion has been the greatest. Child labor, Any attempt to restrict immigration will again, is most prevalent where there are merely retard evolution and prolong capi­ fewest immigrants. As to the increase of talism: The intelligent thing is to OR­ crime, the author brings a wealth of facts GANJZE the unskilled laborers into One to show that crime decreases when and Big Union. This must come, and the where immigration increases ,and vice sooner it comes, the sooner the capitalist versa. All these facts tend to show that system will go. INTERNATIONAL NOTES BY WILLIAM E. BOHN Militarism Rampant.-Turkey has been especially their common hatred of the defeated. The treaty which formally ends enemy, blinded them for the moment to the original Balkan war has been signed. their national antipathies. Only Bulgaria Yet war goes on and the war spirit seems and Servia had a written agreement as to to be the controlling influence through­ the division of the advantages which out continental Europe. A new conflict might result from a victory. And even has broken out in the near east. Already this document has proved of little value. it threatens to involve other nations be­ In the first place, it provided that Servia sides those immediately involved. And was to have her long-desired path to the in three countries legislative bodies are Adriatic. But when the victory over in the very act of increasing the size of Turkey was sufficiently advanced so that armies and armaments. this provision could be acted upon, Aus­ Economic Determinism in the Balkans. tria intervened and bluntly declared that A good share of Europe rejoiced at the Servia should never be allowed to have outcome of the first Balkan war. At last an Adriatic port. In the second place, the "unspeakable" Turk had been prac­ the allies conquered a much larger terri­ tically driven out; at last Bulgaria and tory than they anticipated. When the Servia were to have a fair chance to de­ war was over all that was left to Turkey velop their industrial and agricultural re­ was Constantinople, with a little rim of sources. country immediately about it on the Bos­ But during the closing days of June the porus. The great stretches of European papers were filled with confused reports Turkey had fallen into the hands of the of battles. War had not been declared, allies. In the agreement between Servia yet the King of Greece was leading an and Bulgaria there was no provision for expedition against the Bulgarians and the division of such extensive territories. there were tales of battles between Bul­ So the Christians really had something to garians and Servians. It was said, more­ quarrel about and no solemn promises to over, that the Roumanians were about to break before beginning operations. take advantage of the opportunity to When the prospect of disturbance was make an attack on Bulgaria. The mo­ unmistakable, the Russian Government ment the heathen Turk was out of the invited the representatives of the Balkan way the good Christians were flying at nations to a conference. Austria, exhibit­ one another's throats. ing a truly Christian spirit, declared The rea&on is very simple and very solemnly that she would not interfere in human: the victors have fallen out over Balkan affairs, but she wanted it dis­ the division of the spoils. When they tinctly understood that she had an inter­ combined in their supreme effort to drive est in them and would not take her eyes out the Turk their common purposes, and off the situation. At any rate, the Balkan

Digitized by Coogle WILLIAM E. BOHN 115 nations did not accept the gent>rous in­ against the republic; but there is always vitation of the Czar. so much of this sort of talk in France that As has been said, war was not de­ nobody takes it very seriously. clared. The first thing the world knew In order to get its bill through the gov­ the fighting began. It was informal, but etnment has been forced to use the most very effective. One report has it that arbitrary methods. There has, of course, there has already been a loss of 40,000 been much opposition on the part of the men. The fortunes of battle seem to have soldiers now in service. The young men varied. The latest report as the REVIEW about to finish their second year have goes to press (July 10) has it that the been especially rebellious since the Minis­ Bulgars have been beaten by both Ser­ ter of War has announced that he intends vians and Greeks. They have, it seems, to hold them for a third year. All over been driven out of Macedonia and are the country they have been holding pro­ caught between the two opposing forces test meetings in the barracks and in otfter Of course, the purely military and ways voicing their discontent. Their diplomatic aspects of a situation like this demonstrations have been ruthlessly sup­ have practically no interest for Socialists pressed and many of them have been or other members of the working class. cruelly punished for no fault except the But the reasons for it are extremely in­ very human desire to regain their free­ teresting. This recently reported epilogue dom when it was promised them. to the war against Turkey proves more The Socialist party and the Confedera­ conclusively than anything else could tion General du Travail have been per­ that the whole affair has had its root in sistently persecuted for opposing the law. economic necessity. Hatred of the Turk It is customary for the workers of Paris and his religion had nothing to do with to gather in the famous old cemetery of it ; as soon as he was out of the way the Pere-Lachaise on May 25 to commemo­ Christians fought one another as lustily rate the fall of the martyrs who were shot as they had him. When the Balkan war down there on that day at the end of the first broke out reference was made in the Commune. This year this gathering was REVIEW to the statement by a German to be turned into a demonstration against writer that it was all caused by the Bul­ the new ·military law. A few days before garian pig. At this stage of the proceed­ the 25th the government forbade the ings one is tempted to remark that the holding of it. The Socialist deputies Bulgarian is not the only pig involved. made a violent attack on the ministry for In the beginning all the allied nations the suppression of free speech and finally really need commercial routes and a fair secured the right to have the meeting chance to develop their resources. Now held in another place. On the 25th, then, that they seem to have a chance to get 150,000 Parisian working people gathered more, there is no limit to their desires. and protested with all their power against French and German Army Bills.-The the project of the government. French must increase their army because The government did one other thing the Germans are about to do so, and the which seems even more tyrannical. On Germans must increase theirs because the May 27, in Paris and 88 other towns, the French are certain to. It is an endless headquarters of Socialist and labor or­ chain, a vicious circle. ganizations were broken open by the po­ In France the increase is to be brought lice, and papers and other property were about by going back to a three-year mili­ destroyed or taken. One judge calmly tary service. The two-year law was passed in 1905 and, its friends say, never stole 50,000 post cards which were to be fairly tried out. The French army, it ap­ used in gathering signatures to a petition pears, is in the hands of royalists and im­ against the passage of the law. The police perialists. They have run it down, it is authorities, who were acting under the said, to the lowest point of efficiency in instructions of the Prime Minister, claim order to prove that a return to the three­ that they suspected a syndicalist plot. So year system is necessary. There is much far as one can Jearn from the newspapers talk about their contemplating a plot the papers stolen are still in possession

Digitized by Coogle 116 INTERNATIONAL NOTES of the police and no account whatever proposed measures by advocating a citi­ has been given of them. zen army democratically controlled and The German bill provides for an in­ pledged to no service but that involved crease of about 160,000 men in the "effect­ in defense. In France, as has already ive" force and for numerous forts, fleets been indicated, a bitter fight was made of dirigibles, etc. One good result of against the jingoism of the government. the military discussion in the Reichstag The ministry has used every means avail­ has been the flood of light turned on mili­ able to fan the ancient hatred of the Ger­ tary affairs. Just at the time when the mans. The capita.list newspapers, the Kaiser was celebrating his twenty-fifth vaudeville theaters, the bill-boards-­ anniversary and the nation was thinking every means at hand has been utilized to of the great national uprising in 1813, the stultify the public mind, to rob it of its German people discovered that their gov­ reason, to rouse the primitive desire for ernment is as graft-ridden as any and that revenge. For a time the anti-German the army is the very center of graft. It madness seemed so rampant as to make was in connection with the debate on the all opposition useless. But our French new military measure that Comrade Karl comrades are excellent fighters in this Liebknecht made his astounding revela­ sort of conflict. They finally got some tions of the international character of the 800,000 signatures to their petition against armament companies and of the system­ · the passage of the three-year law. Of atic bribing of French papers by the course, this had no immediate effect. The sacred Krupp gun concern. As a result law will be passed. But the labor move­ of these revelations and other things ment will come through the fight stronger which have happened, the German Minis­ than ever. It is true that the Socialist ter of War has just handed in his resig­ Party is losing many of its middle-class nation. supporters, but it will manage to get on Paying the Piper.-In one respect there without them. It is interesting, by the is a comical uniformity about the pro­ way, to note that wherea~ ten years ago ceedings in Germany and France : the the un iversities were teeming with Social­ very persons who are most eager to pro­ ists, students and faculties alike deserted vide for increased armies and navies are when there came a real fight for some­ most modest when it comes to footing thing worth fighting about, the universi­ the bills. In France the financial meas­ ties are now said to be violently national­ ures proposed to defray the new expenses ist. appear absolutely ridiculous. The French In Germany the Socialist group in the government is already facing a deficit for Reichstag had a difficult problem in tac­ the current year, and the new military tics to solve. It has, of course, fought bill, besides necessitating a large imme­ hard and consistently against the military diate expenditure, will raise this deficit law as a whole. Some of the addresses to about $200,000,000. It is proposed to delivered by our German comrades were meet the difficulties of the situation by masterpieces of working-class thought making a large loan and levying indirect and speech. But when it came to voting arid inheritance taxes. An income tax on the financial provision for the increase the sponsors for the bill are not willing in forces they had to choose between vot­ to accept. ing against all measures proposed and In Germany the situation is not quite making an attempt to secure a new tax so bad, but the Conservatives, the great law as favorable as possible to the work­ landholders, have steadily opposed an in­ ing-class. They chose the latter alterna­ come tax, insisting that the necessary tive. All authorities agree that it was funds be raised by levying new taxes on due to the 110 Socialist deputies that a the necessities of life, especially on sugar. direct property tax was levied to defray In its final form the bill exempted the the new expenditures. In a formal state­ ruling families of the empire, the Fuersten, ment to the public the members of the from the operation of the tax measures group reaffirm their opposition to the bill involved in it. and everything with it, but express The Attitude of the Socialists.-In both some slight satisfaction at having saddled countries the Socialists have fought the the new taxes on the wealthier classes.

Digitized by Coogle THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW 117

- coupos-----, \ ------tJTINO sYNDICATE, Date .•• • • • • • • ·.' '. \ ___...'1'1'11:1\8 D18TBIB lv4 cbleaao, Ill. r esamluatton. GT"Xr"'";'io-36, N. JlllchlPB B ., wrtter Vodel No.thl, d~~. I reoelve ttl;! an onver TYPe • daY• from • Ice of '" .. \ entlemen: ShiP me remit '' within nv\ne fU\1 purchue P~ee It Ia un- If ~lafactodYt 4I .~~··~~~~nth th'i[eati:!•~~~~: to you at:~: pe;1~! Ia paid ID full. \ \ machine an lae I will return \.i'u In you until the pure paid- Oth:rt the title wUl rem ...... deratood t a ...... \ ···· ····· ...... \ Name...... ····· ········ ········· ···· ··· ·· ············ ...... \ Addre.._ •... ·· · · ·· .... · ·· ········ · ·· ····· ·· \ ·········· · ···· · ······· ...... ~- \ ········ . ····· ·...... ···· ···· · . .... \ Referencea. · · · · · · · · · · · · ...... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·················. ____ .-- L·.:.:~~.-==· =· =· -----~ 'WCJ'trf~~n-:::gim LINE, HAIL TODAY. COU"PO:N" P~ICE, 806 keyboard, automatic line apacer, the double type bar, lnaurlng perfect alignment; the downward stroke, giving light action; apeed escapement, guar­ anteeing equal apaclng between the lettera; light elaatlc key touch, left hand carriage return, ftnger releaoe key, type facing upward for cleaning, light­ running carriage, the greatest manifolding power, writing In colora, and above all, It Ia almple. We recommend It because of Ita utter simplicity. It Is the kind of a typewriter that will atand the wear and tear that makes junk of moat machlneL You can use It a bualneu lifetime and the chancea are that you will never require repalra or even adjuat­ ln~r. It you want a typewriter for your own uae, the Oliver No. 3 Ia the meat dealrable. It Ia not · ao heavy but that It can be moved around eaally. There Ia no use In paying a ~rreater price aad It Is folly to apend money on second-hand machlnea or cheap, Inferior makes In view of this otrer. Over 12,000 of these typewriters have been aupplled by thla Syndicate during the laat few months. Each machine Is a perfect machine, complete with every MODELNO.S device and every feature that ever went out with OLIVER thla model. We aupply the metal carrying case, The coupon makea the '!;6 price posalble. cleaning and oiling outftt, ribbon and complete Il­ If we had to aell thla same typewriter through lustrated lnatructlon book-nothing extra to buy. have to charge UOO. Each machine Ia guaranteed agalnat defect of ma­ salealljen we would terial or workmanship for life. It you will aend ua the coupon we will ahlp you a No. a Oliver Typewriter for examination. It you decide to keep It, you have the privilege of the Make Oae of Tbese Typewriters Your Property coupon price, '66; terma, U a month, without In­ terest. The purchase Ia eaay. We will eend It to you The No. 3 Oliver Typewriter at thla fraction of for examination. After using the typewriter In tbe regular price does not require ealeamen. ThGu­ your own home or olllce, ftndlng out how amoothiY aanda of readera of thla S66 otrer, who know the It run11, how eaay It Is to wrtte on, aatlatylng your­ reputation of the No. 3 Oliver, will buy all we t'an self In P.very particular, then eend ua only '' and offer at thla coupon price, which Ia now only Jl6. U a month thereafter, until the apeclal coupon It Ia quit.. poulble that we will have to advance price of '66 baa been paid. It will earn Ita way the price b7 the time our next advertlaement ap­ and more. pean. There will be no delay-no formality. We do One could not very well make a mistake In get­ bualneas by letter only-no agent will call upon you ting a typewriter manufactured by the makera of to bother you-we have no collector-use no chat­ the Oliver. tel mortgagea or other recorded documentL Every It Ia a aplendldly constructed typewriter-equal particular of our plan Ia worked out In your favor. In quality to any typewriter regardleu of coot. There Ia no use In sending for catalogues for It Ia a typewriter that the moat expert ateno~r­ further Information, because we will send the type­ raphera approve of. writer Itself and we could not otrer a better argu­ It Ia a typewriter that you can operate youraelf ment. We would not auggest doing thla If we were easily. It you have never written on a typpwrlter not aure that you would like It-If we were not you can learn to write on thla machine In a few giving you a value that you could not get from any minutes and In a abort time you will be able to other typewriter Institution In the world. The un­ •.-rite at leaat three tim.. as faat aa In long hand. derstanding Ia that If you don' t want to keep It, It bas a wonderfully convenient paper feed. You you can aend It back at our expenae-you will be can feed letterll, blllheada, labels or carda with under no obligation. Cut the coupon on the dotted equal fa<"lllty. It Ia a vlalble wrltH; each lett.. r Ia line, ftll It In-a lead pencil will do-and be aure In plain alght aa you print lt. It baa the unlveraal and mall It today. TYP:&WRITENS I>ISTHJBUTING SYNDIC' AT:& 166 G•a6 N • .l.\(1J.cht.aa:n. B1v-ct•• Ohi.caao

Digitized by Google 118 INTERNATIONAL NOTES

Darkest Africa.-During the first days for the men to get any publicity for their of July a bitter labor struggle broke out grievances. in the Rand district in British South The cable dispatches are confused, but Africa. In the gold mine at New Klein­ it seems that practically all the white fontein there had previously been a con­ workers of the region came out and com­ flict about a matter of hours. It had pletely tied up the city of Johannesburg. been adjusted and the men had returned For one night there were no electric to work. But the company insisted on lights, and practically no street-cars were keeping the strike-breakers. The men running. The English soldiers were went out again. This proved the begin­ called out and by killing about forty per­ ning of a general struggle.. There has sons they were able to restore "order." long been a feeling of discontent through­ The strike is now said to be over. The out the gold fields. The conditions of men seem to have gained little but the labor in the South African mines are so privilege of laying their grievances before terrible that the strongest man can en­ the government. An incidental good re­ dure them only a few years. Most of the sulting from the fight will be the adver­ miners die of diseases contracted at their tising of South African conditions through­ work. In addition wages are bad and the out the world. Workingmen should not companies and government refuse to hear allow themselves to be decoyed there after complaints. Since the companies control such a warning as the cablegrams have all the papers it is practically impossible given during the past few weeks.

LIBRARY OF ORATORY FOR SOCIALIST SPEAKERS Fiftet'tl volumes of the choicest orations that man has spoken. Nothing on earth compares with the influence of the true orator. He is the master of men's minds, the inspirer of their soul, the guide of their actions. In this grand LIBRARY OF ORATORY one finds every utterance man nas made that is worth preserving, speeches of such brilliant men as Paine, Franklin, Washington, Webster, Clay, Lincoln, Bryan, Wendell PhiUips, and many others. These handsome and durable books, bound in blue cloth. shipped to your home for $5.00 down and 12.00 a month until the small price of S t 5.00 is paid. These books are invaluable to speakers, and to you men training to become public speakers. Write today for more information regarding this set of books, which will be sent free upon request. CHARLES CI:AUS & CO., 3113 Irving Park Blvd., Chicago

Send /or Our Free Catalog ONT A INS over fifty specimen• of printing in one, two and three colon, printed Qt on various kinde of paper etock, and haa a complete price list that enables one to (I) ~o order as readily as from your local capitaliat minded printer. «<.All profits to the support of "JUSTICE," the moat loved (by the worker) and feared and hated Qul't (by the capitalist) of any publication on earth. Back cover page of our catalog carriea S~i!e the story, "The Industrial Unionist is an Artist." Your name on a postal brings it. Price JUSTICE JOB DEPARTMENT ARROTT PowER BLDG. No.2, PITTSBURG, PA. LocAL & LoNG DISTANCE PHONE GRANT 1056

Digitized by Coogle Ne-w Books American Syndicaliam, The I. W. W. By stick and act together and that class inter­ John Graham Brooks. New York: The est, itself alone, will weld them into a true Macmillan Company. $1.50 net. In his new and fascinating volume, fighting organization. Mr. Brooks, him­ American Syndicalism, which Mr. Brooks self, points out that "The man with a hun­ mistakenly calls the I. W. W., he gives so dred dollars in the bank is (sometimes) as much vital data on the development and tenacious of his small saving-S as the rich tactics of that revolutionary organization are of their greater savings. . . . It as to render it invaluable to the student of stands for a fact with which they will have economics and sociology. We are free to to reckon . . . in their last attempt to confess his is the broadest and fairest por­ take over the productive and distributive trayal we have yet seen from the pen of machinery of this country." This is pre­ an outsider. Mr. Brooks' sympathy of cisely the reason why the I. W. W. refuses vtston is truly remarkable although, to form alliances with the capitalist class summed up, his opinion of the I. W. W.'s that will cause workingmen to imagine that chief value lies in what he calls its ability they are on the road out of proletarian ranks to shock society into a much needed and into the ranks of the petit bourgeoi­ economic inventory. Much of what he sie. The very fact that Italian syndicalists counts its weakness is really its chief source are able to prevent farm laborers from en­ of strength. For instance, page 114, he tering into profit sharing contracts with the says in criticizing the I. W. W. for its in­ farmers, shows (contrary to the claims of sistence upon the pre-eminence of the in­ Mr. Brooks) a very high degree of or­ dustrial worker, "The struggle toward the ganization. larger life to which the world's good will My Life. By August Bebel. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. $2.14 post­ is committed is a task too heavy and too paid. sacred to be borne and shared alone by any This autobiography of the famous leader 'class.' It will forever remain a human of the German Social Democratic Party not task, from which no soul will be shut out only contains the story, from the inside, who wills to help.'' of the rise of this powerful political influ­ Mr. Brooks agrees with many ill-in­ ence, but throws many interesting side­ formed socialists who fancy they see an­ lights on the politics of such men as Bis­ archistic tendencies in the I. W. W. (which marck and Lassalle. Bebel gives a vivid he again confuses with the European Syn­ description of the poverty of his early life, dicalist movement), but he says, "To state of his wanderings as a craftsman in search the facts of this anarchist tendency is not of work all through Germany-the Ger­ wholly to condemn the movement." many before the wars of 1864, 1866, and When the tenant farm hands in Italy 1870-71, and before the Unification. Set­ wish to enter into partnership with the tling afterward at Leipzig, he soon became landlords and share the profits (page 176, involved in the "Labor Movement," which he says), "'rhe anarchist type in the move· was to give birth to the Social Democratic ment wars against this, precisely as our I. Party. W. W. attack all labor contracts or agree­ Bebel, when elected to the German ments with employers." Reichstag, quickly came into conflict with He fails to realize that this attitude is the law. He tells in this volume how he the finest kind of socialism, the socialism was convicted of high treason, for his at­ that, in waging the class war, knows the titude toward the Franco-German war, and slightest compromise with the enemy is a had spent some years in prison. While in source of ultimate division and failure. prison he was re-elected to the Reichstag. The I. W. W. is essentially socialist in aim When this volume closes, the triumph of and tactics .since it bases all its activity on Bebel and his host of followers is well as­ class solidarity. It knows that large bodies sured. of men can never be persuaded through The book is a human document of re­ humanitarian or philanthropic principles to markable interest and significance. 119

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· Here's a Hot One.-The following motion "No one who is familiar with the details of was passed at a meeting of Local Cowiche, the free speech fight in San Diego and wh:> Washington, held on July 6 1913: has a desire to be just can truthfully impute Moved that the National Committee be re­ any wrong motives or conduct to Comrade quested to take immediate steps for the reduc­ Bauer throughout that bitter struggle. From tion of the salary of the National Secretary to start to finish, he was in the thick of the one thousand dollars a year and eliminate all fight and his courage in the face of ·a vicious junketing trips on the part of politicians to public sentiment, fanned into fury by a pros­ Europe and elsewhere and use the funds to help tituted press, elicited the admiration of friend the miners of West Virginia win their struggle and foe alike." against a brutal governor who is backed by an Revolutionary Barbers, industrial unionists, inhuman oligarchy of mine owners. Socialists, and others, it is important that you The members of this local are anxious to communicate with John L. Galen, 521 E. 15th helf the persecuted miners in every way, but St., Kansas City Mo. fee that a National Committee that deliber­ From Colorado Springs Colorado.-We ately wastes the funds of the working class in have two study clubs here that have decided sending Victor Berger to Europe, in sending that Marcy's "Shop Talks" is clear to any a white-washing committee to West Virginia student who will study a little. We have. no where in a swell hotel among the rich a report use for "bunk" here.-P. ]. Phelps, secretary. was written clearly in favor of a lying, labor­ hating governor, and in allowing the excessive From Plebs Club, London, England-En­ wastes of the last campaign is unfit throulrlt closed find two pounds for forty REVIEWS for any of its agendes to handle funds for the the next three months.-W. H. Mainwaring, distressed and deceived miners in West Vir­ secretary. ginia. Morris A. Jaffe, secretary-treasurer. Will the Committee Explain?-Local Lima, From John Kenneth Tumer.-1 have ju~t Ohio, of the S. P. on June 24th, passed the read your July broadside on the West Vir­ following resolution: Local Lima, of the S . ginia affair. Congratulations! John Kenneth P. commends the N. C. of the S. P. for send­ Turner. ing an investigation committee into the min­ Comrade Turner has been in the heart of ing districts of West Virginia, where war is West Virginia affairs and his praise is very carried on between the miners and mine own­ welcome. All THE REVIEW wants is the Truth. ers and their political henchmen. In view of We are here to serve the working class and the fact that the S. P. pays all the expenses of that class only. the aforesaid committee, we demand to know why this committee went straight way to the From San Die~o-Attention of loyal com­ rades of the Soc1alist party is called to the miners' very enemies to get their information fact that E. E. Kirk and Harry M. McKee are concerning the conditions existing there. now serving jail sentences as a result of their We, the workers, know that the philosophy conviction and sentence for "conspiracy" in of Socialism teaches that the working class connection with the San Diego free speech must emancipate themselves and also repre­ fight last year. sent themselves to get best results. Espec1ally Incidentally a fine of $300.00 each was as­ in that the personnel of this committee was sessed against them. If these fines are not one in which we had implicit confidence to paid they will be compelled to discharge them fathom the depths of this struggle in the in­ it by j.ail service . ~t the rate of $2.00 per day, terest of the workers, but is sad to relate makmg an addttlonal 150 days for each pris­ our confidence was shaken. oner. However, we expected a real proletarian in­ Branch San Diego has undertaken to raise vestigation, but again we were disappointed the amount necessary to pay these fines. Our and find that our committee conducted only members are contributing to the limit of their a petty bourgeois investigation. The intelli­ ability, but owing to the heavy expenses en­ gent workers within the S. P. are fast gaining tailed upon our organization during the past control of their organization and in the near 18 months, it is impossible for us to raise the future such deplorable action as we are now com­ entire sum here. pelled to witness can no longer take place and we Will you not help us to give back these call upon the proletarians everywhere. within the comrades to their families and the Socialist S. P. to get control of the organization and movement at the earliest possible moment? conduct it in the interests of their class. Local Contributions will be receipted for by ]. R. Lima, 0 ., S. P. Cothran. Sec.-Treas . Branch San Diego 1521 The Little Rock Negro Comrades are hold­ N St.. San Diego, Cal. ' ing meetings to discuss resolutions in which In reply to article in July REviEw comrade they demand that the churches, the ministers Cothran writes; and the religious papers take up the evil• rc- uo Digitized by Coogle THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW 121 suiting from the present economic system and Deputies. Last year two Socialists were take their stand with the working class. We elected to the latter body, so the total wish all the comrades would take this same action as it might influence the church to line representation of the working class in the up with those who work. parliament of Argentina now numbers The Truth, a weekly paper, published by five. When we recall that until recently the Socialist party in Tacoma, Washington, the proletarian movement has been re­ and edited by Leslie E. Aller, is one of the livest periodrcals in the western movement. pressed in the most highhanded fashion Their recent anti-military issue should have in the South American republic this be­ been read by every man in the army and navy. ginning comes as a happy surprise. Full of facts about compulsory army service in the United States, this paper takes up all current events from the Socralist and work­ ing class viewpoint and is class-conscious and revolutionary from the first to the last line. The subscription price is $1.00 a year and the office of the Trutl' is located at 1911 South "D" street, Tacoma, Washington. Send in a short-time subscription and see what a paper the working class has in the west. What's the Matter with Thia.-Enclosed is one toadskin. Please send me one in a hurry, 20 more of the June editio11 of the best working class magazine in the universe. I did not have enough REVIEWS to go around. The slaves are buying, they are getting interested, the RE­ VIEW is educating them. Yours for Industrial Freedom, Peter Henry. A Live Paper in California, edited by Com­ rade Sauer of San Diego is one of the best militant papers in the west. Comrade Sauer will be remembered as one of the men who was driven out of that city by the vigilants because he printed the truth about the free­ speech fight. The paper is on the job to stay ENRIQUE EL VALLE IBERLUCEA. and we have made arrangements whereby we c~ fill yearly subscriptions for The San Diego Htrald and the REVIEW, both one year, for $1.00. If you are going to renew your RE­ mw subscription and want this California pa­ per, here is the chance to get both for $1.00. New Zealand Socialist Party.-Auckland Branch. Dear Comrades: Enclosed please find eight pounds. The May number is splen­ did and the REVIEW is selling without effort. We seldom have a copy left after a fortnight. E. Jensen, literary secretary. Longbeach, California.-Dear Comrades: I received your notification of the expiration of my subscription to the INTERNATIONAL SoCIAL­ IST REVIEW and herewith enclose one dollar for one year's renewal. Would be glad to send $10.00 for Socialist library, but cannot- I think every renewal for the REVIEW will be my last, because time is rushing on and at 79 years of age, my sight is getting dim and dollars getting less, but I want to do a little for the cause nearest my heart while I stay. The RE­ VIEW is good, very good and here's hoping it may live to see its ideals attained.-Mrs. S. M. ]. Craven. Argentina. A Good Beginning. But the best news comes from South America. On March 30 Comrade Del Valle lber­ lucea was elected a member of the senate of Argentina and Comrades Repetto and Bravo were elected to the Chamber of ALFREDO L. PALACIOS.

Digitized by Coogle_ 122 NEWS AND VIEWS The Ancient Lowly A History of the Ancient Working People from the Earlest Known Period to the Adoption of Christian- ity by Constantine :& C. OSBORNE WAR'D Nearly all the ancient histories In the libraries are the histories of kings and their wars. The ancient historians despised the people who did useful work; their praise and their attention were reserved tor the soldiers. The real story of the working people of Egypt and India,· of Greece and of the Roman Empire was lost or burled out of sight. It was the life work of C. Osborne Ward to dig up and reconstruct the true story of the working people of the ancient world. Not content with studying thousands of ancient volumes and manu­ scripts, he journeyed hundreds of mlle3 on foot around the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, de­ ciphering and translating Inscriptions telling parts of the forgotten sto.ry of the ancient work­ ers. The results of his research are summed up In two large volumes over 1400 pages. Partial Contents of Volume I The "Taint of Labor," ancient slaves and wage· What's the Matter with this for a So­ workers alike despised. cialist tailor's show window? If you Ancient religion and politics Identical; the gods were the ancestors of the rulers. want to run into a real live Pennsylvania Right of the Patriarch to enslave. sell, torture and kill his children. "Red" drop into Comrade Lindner's store Spartans used slaves as soldiers and murdered at Rochester. them at the end of the war. A strike of 20,000 miners that destroyed the em• plre of Athens. Crucifixion the penalty for strikers at Rome. How About Itl-1 have read the INTERNA­ Revolt of 200,000 slaves In Sicily. TIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW Revolt of Roman slaYea led by Spartacus and and find it always on successful for years. the job. If more people would read it there Rome's organized working men and worklltg would be more union men in our country and women. fewer History of Labor Unions at Rome preserved ln scabs. G. E. W. Barron, La. ancient Inscriptions. From a Railroader.-Please send thirty copies OuGIN AND HisToRY or THB Rm FLAG. of the July issue P. D. Q. Will not be satis­ fied until at least 100 REVIEWS are coming to Lancaster every month. ]. A. B. Partial Contents of Volume II How the Roman State deceiYed and destroyed the Law and Order iri Oregon.-A letter received labor unions. from fellow worker W. ]. Edgeworth makes Strikes of the Hebrew and other slaves In ancient interesting reading: "As I was deported from Egypt. A vast system of ·secret trade unions throughout Marshfield, Oregon, I wish in future you would the ancient world. send my two subscriptions to Santa Rosa, Cal." Brotherhoods of workers In India. Fellow worker Edgeworth, secretary of the Jewish and non-Jewish labor unions Just before Christian era. local I. W. W ., along with fellow worker Christianity first propagated almost entirely Everst after being thrown in jail were escorted within the unions. out into the country by a mob of 116 God Massacre of Christian wage-workers by the Em­ peror Dlocletlan and capture of the church arid Country people made up of cockroach organization by the Roman state under Con­ business mert and told not to return. The stantine. Smith-Powers Company have been forced to Two large volume ~ . H .OO postpaid, or either close one saw mill on account of the strike and volume mailed separately for U.OO. the pulp mill also closed down. Hence these lawless agitators must be deported so that prbsperity might return. Later reports an-­ Charles H. Kerr & Company ndunce that the local police raided the secre­ Publi•hen taries' rooms and confiscated the books, also 118 West Kinzie Street, Chicago in the name of Law and Order.

Digitized by Coogle THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW 123

Senator Lo Sun. member of the Peking sen­ MOOSE JAW Ia in die -t.er of the Ricbeet FarmiDC Diotrict between Winnil>tl and the ate, sends $35.00 for Socialist books and THE 1901 Pacific Cout. RrnEw for sevef! years. P 1558 OIWHourtb ol Caudian Settlen come to Labor Day in llllexico.-In the annals of the op. tbia Growi111 Mctropolio of Cauda and history of Mexico there will be recorded a 1913 ~vio~t WhC::~~weot.J million great Labor Day celebration. Last year there Nearly 31),000 In the eelebrat.ed Wheat Belt which il was no public demonstration of a first May and .•till arowinc ii'!rt~ thd'ra~T~~~c::.t'i~ Labor Day in Mexico City. Only a few So­ Cho1ce Iota, $200 Pacific and Ca!Uidian Northern. cialists and Progressive Thinkers, some thirty Monthly payment• Alao lmown u tbe lndnatrial City~ ol Sea- men, held a meeting in a private place. But Pick your lot now btohewaa. Alao the BiJ PAY-ROLL and cet blc Ci!f of the CANADIAN WEST. this year, oh, what a contrast! A procession profit• Buil~'!'l permilll for 1913 will e•ceed 7~ of some ten thousand artisans, laborers and million. labor unions marched through the principal SMITH & CO., Znd Floor, 140 S. D-rborn St., Chlcaco streets of the city, past the National Palace. Strange and significant it is to say, not a single spectator could be seen from the balconies, whereas a few days later, on May the fifth, SUCCESSFULLY TREATED the National Holiday in memory of the not­ By UAOTI:NA" able repulse of the French in 1862, all bal­ Nil~etJ,·fi·ve per cent of tbe .,... ol deaf- brouaht to out conies were crowded with spectators, to view are the mutt of chronic catarrh of the throat and the military parade. All the various groups of middle ear. The inner ear cannot be reached by probing or aprayins, hence the dilllculty to effect the Labor Day Parade had their standards and cures by old methods. That there ia a aucceaful the Socialists had a beautiful banner, the bear­ tNatment for deafneu and catarrh ia demon­ ers of which were three young working girls. atrated every day by the use of"Actina." •• Act• Rumor has it that a few days previously, the ina" Is alao very aucceaful In tbe tNatment of uthma1 ba;onchltla, .ore throat, weak lunp. government was very much opposed to any colda, neaaache and other allmenta that are kind of a Labor Day parade; but some strong directly or indirectly due to catarrh. "Actina" can be uaed with perfect u.fety bJ pressure must have been brought upon it, from every member of the family for &nl' affliction of somewhere, and the public demonstration was the ear, throat or bead. A PRBB TRIAL of granted. Speeches were held by Socialists the "Actin&" ia alven In every caae. Send for our PRBB TRIAL offer and valu­ and Liberals at the }aurez Monument and able PRBB BOOK. Addreu Actina Appliance Co., Dep'- other places. Many factories had to dose, 3120,811 Walnut St.,ICanAI City, Mo. though much against their liking. The work­ ers who attended the parade, made the entire day a holiday. The business houses were like­ wise closed. Mexico City need not stand back in the success of its Labor Day celebration AT INSI DE NET WHOLESALE PRICES of 1913, the first it ever had. It was a grand success in the truest sense of the word and culminated in a celebration in the evening in UNION MADE the Hicotencatl Theatre. The audience con­ To exact Measure and Order sisted entirely of working people, sprinkled ALL WOOL SUITS and Overcoats with a few of the bourgeots class, but not Write today lor llna Sample Book one of the aristocratic society nor any officials and Outfit. Best Union Made Clothes in America without question. Reliable work­ of the government. Only some half dozen manship. Fit guaranteed. Very beat ref­ gendarmes were at the entrance of the theatre. erences. Interesting proposition. The large hall was full to its capacity. All Wriu Toda :~ . 19 So. 5th Ave., CHICAGO seats were taken up; many had to stand. The stage was nicely and appropriately decorated. All the standards were prominently displayed on the stage. Speeches were given by highly gifted orators. One being a deputy in the National Congress, another a lawyer, and to the writer's great surprise, these were out­ RUBBER STAMPS, STENCILS, spoken Socialists. They spoke very clearly NOTARY & SOCIETY SEALS, and in a masterly way before their attentive &OL.IC RUSBER TYPI! ~C., silent listeners-the Mexican workmen, on the MANUI"AOTUIUD IIY economic side of Socialism and its international aspect. In fact, the whole speech-making dur­ A. STENHOUSE & CO., ing the three and one-half hours concentrated 111 :R. rDTII AVB., CHICAGO, ILL. and terminated on the mighty and magic word Speglal ~to ....s.. of tilt...... -Socialism. A fine string band and a piano on the stage with fine singing was also pro­ vided for. At eleven thirty, the audience rose Here's Big Money for You to a man and the National anthem and. the Rundrcds ot";ton are m8lr.i,;;i7"5 ~ Marseillaise were sung and all went home, well You can do u well with tha wonderful pleased and thoughtful.-Carlos C. Ring. DIAMOND POST CARD GUN Lost.-Fifty thousand members of the So­ - .. ;~ :-·:.:: -=•=•- ''·'"·'"-~.-~. card• lDcludJna malllu :!~:ts='f: :~~: cialist party during the past year. A reward -No can•... tn.-. ex- ,r.:rtenee f.""""""""'- of many years' advance on the Socialist Revo­ ,~,·~:;~0!!_-·· ·;c.:.,w~ th•a~1o~:f:~g~~ lut ion will be paid for their prompt return. No INT. ERIIIIA1riOI~AL METAL FERROTYPE CO. questions asked.-From The Party Builder. CHICAGO. ILL..

Digitized by Coogle ... 124 NEWS AND VIEWS

Cabin Creek, by Price Williams we gained? The state law, enforced, gives us all that and more." The more optimistic THE subservient newspapers of West Vir- thought the settlement by the U. M. W. offi­ ginia have been displaymg lurid dispatches cials was to allow the strikers to rest and ~o of those "lawless strikers on Cabin Creek" they did not at once protest except among again. The strikers are represented as ·having !hemselves. When the Lobor Argus published broken the terms of the "settlement" and using 1ts statement about ':Haggerty as a Traitor,"' force to get other miners to strike. they had good reason to believe it might be I have been with the miners in the midst of so. The Argus had been with them in the thick Cabin Creek District during and previous to of the fight and they knew that it told the the two reigns of martial rule and I know they truth no matter whom it might strike. do. not. shoot fellow1_11en who fail to see every­ If Haggery is not a traitor, he is playing a thmg m the same hght. They will, however game too deep for average intelligence to com­ shoot to protect their families, lives and home~ prehend. He must prove his honesty at once when the supposed-to-be legal guardians lie or become an outcast among laboring men. down on their job and fail to protect human Of course one who has rendered a service y lrlv1UI entertainment~ or -btU the an tootben. A Terttablelt:ey to health, bapptne•• endey. A4dreu: M. D. BETTS, Apt. 20 I, Jackson, Michigan.

Digitized by Coogle THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW 125

Opposes More Delegatea.-We are in receipt the central committee of the local New York of a resolution passed by Branch S, S. P., 207 for approval and also send copies to the New East lOth street, New York City, from which YoP"k Call, THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW we quote the following: and other radical papers." Fraternally sub­ "Whereas. a special report of the last meet­ mitted, Branch No. 3, Socialist Party, New ing of the ~ational Committee from the pen York city. of Comrade Engdahl in "The New York Call" of May 13th, states, that the National Commit­ tee had initiated a National referendum for the purpose of amending Article XII of our con­ stitution, for the purpose of increasing our delegation to the International Congress, and SOCIALISM Whereas, to initiate a referendum at this time constitutes a flagrant violation of Article XV, Sec. 3, of the aforementioned constitution, Is not merely voting right and and The identical report enumerates a multitude striking right-it means also of imperatively necessary work which has to THINKING RIGHT I be neglected because the party has to embank • uoon a policy of retrenchment." The expense of the Chicago National Com­ Do you want to learn to think mittee meeting amounted to something like as a Socialist? Then you must $7,000, and the cost for sending the increased number of delegates to the international con­ read l!'ress would amount to about $20,000. This sum would be enough to start a party-owned printing plant, or to carry out much other necessary work. Their resolution read as fol­ The New Review lows: "Whereas, same money was collected mostly Where world events are inter­ from the poor, exploited and down-trodden preted by the foremost Social­ proletariat and such money being the product of onerous and arduous toil in the struggle for ist thinkers of Europe and existence representing in many cases sacrifices America. and bread taken out of the mouth of innocent children, same being given for the great cause of liberty and emancipation of the wage slaves $1.00 a year, GOc for six months and Canada $1.20. Foreign $1.50 "Whereas, party conventions have been proven to be utterly unproductive and futile, aye harmful, usually leading to friction, dis­ In bundles of Gor more 6c per copy harmony, dissensions and split as instanced lately in Washington and as borne out by Send us 10c in stamps for the reluctance of the Austrian· party to hold Sample Copy conventions for fear of splitting its heterof'~tte· ous elements into atoms, and we being Ot>· nosed to sending delegates for a junketing trip 150 Nusau Street while the workers rot in misery and New Review New York City "Whereas, one of our delegates to the last international congress declared, the decisions of the international congress have only aca­ demic value and another delegate states that there was nothing of importance transacted, UNCLE SAM IS BEST EMPLOYf R; but that it was only a reunion of men who 1>&7 11 bleb aad oure: boaro obon: pl.._ per­ had become-old warhorses in the movement; maneD': promo&lou reaatar: Tac.t;ton• wttb a friendly gathering ~lJ. '!tup~~r ;~n~'::r~~e~:r~or:_~ :1:;~ "Then:.fore, be it resolved, that branch No. otr1: no poll needed; oommon education 1aftl· 3, Socialist Party, in regular meeting as­ ~~ ~~~ =~~!t~~. ~~~?sa:rE~ 7011 sembled, expresses its emphatic disapproval of UAL HOPKINS, • • WASHINGTON, D. C. the action Qf the national committee in arbi­ trarily overriding the national constitution and pledge itself to engage in an active campaign in this direction to the end that our party may become an effective and efficient organiza­ tion for the dissemination of radical ideas and dnoted~r;}'w~ ael11111'el71~ ~ to die~.:l!f. intenoll of Mail~u!'!o~~=~ Dealera aDd .\pall. Booo&er hu a larpr oircalatioa thaa aDf ot.hor paper in ita el--u.il inculcation of Socialist principles and not par­ alone ohould ODaYinee you t.hat toda7 • t.he day to IearD all ahou' take in the nature of a lizard that destroys Booeter-ill moneJ ooininc IQIIIItio,. aDd pr iDeiplfe. Joia oar with the hin4 parts what his foreparts build rub DO-let Jloolter help 1001 lo iadepeadoaoo. IU- weaJt.h aDd un. and be it further happiata lOo will brine :rou 'wo 11ou.. wort.h dollan. "Resolved, that we submit this resolution to BOOSTER MAGAZINE, w Northwestern lldg. <:bicago

Digitized by Google 126 THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW

You May Now Teat Thia Wonderful Curative Invention in Your Own Home. Write Today for Our Great Thirty-Day Offer. You ask, can we prove Oxybon will cure your aiJ-· Made by one Robinson salesman. You-yourself--can ment. We oJfer unlimited proof. Write for It, bu~~ positively make $60 and expenses every week. I want men better still, accept our oJfer and test Oxybon ltsea · like you, hustling, energetic, ambitious fellows, anxious to ln your own home. make money, who are willing to work with me. Not for D. D. Knapp, of Waverly, N. Y,.1.,.itu: "lam so benefited by Oxybon I am wiiiJ with delight; me, but w1th me. I want you to advertise, sell, and av­ t after sixteen days• point local agents for the !J.iJr.~est. most u n.rtztiortnl seller tn e'llery pain in my body has lef 50 years-the ROBINSON FOLDING BATH TUB. Here's an lr~almenl": G. Johnatonl Chica11o, says: "I haPe absolutely new invention that has taken the entire country not had one symptom OJ a return of my rheuma· every home a mod­ tism": J. B. Forrest, Bowline Green, 0., writes: by storm. Nothing else like it. Gives my ern, up-to-date bathroom in any part of the house. No "Til• catarrh in my throat is entirely cured, plumbing, no waterworkS needed. Folds in small roll, handy fUI'IJ' WHAT IS OXYBON7 .., Gunokel, Ohio1 got $240 worth of ordent first week. A. Bern.ider Kan­ Oobo!a. la a eelear.ftc inatru.ment. that saa, made $30m four hours. Hamlin ton of Wyo., made $60fi.rot two =.a~tba~UIU:tt(~e~~ da)'B. Hundreds like that. Pleasant, permanent. fascinoting work. r:::: ·~• ~tkm, ltrelieTur------., Thia is not idle talk. Make me prove it. Write a poot.card. Let o~an~~ ~C:~mr?;."': . me write you a lon&letter. Then decide. Noe.tperienceneeded,no .~with - all...... we will loan ,.., Oxybon can be c:arrned capital. Your credit is good if you mean bu.incse. But you mw.st aa ~ ... ..,for tltlrty ~ · Wri.. in the pocket ready for be ambitious, you must want to make money. That's aU. Write &,~ouco tOT oar trN•t :it"· ffGive use any time anywhere ott.eo.=o~~~=u.'::.~ ' a postcard now. I want to pay you sixty dollars every week. THE OXYBON COMPANY Salea Mgr., THE ROBINSON MFG. CO. lOa N, FIHh Avo. 159 Vance Street Toledo, Ohio

Mr. A. L. Wood, of Montana, made this money. We can proue it. Hundreds are making money "hand over fist." Letters andre­ ports arrive daily telling of wonderful success and big profits in this new, up-to-date business. A great, big opportunity for you to make $5. 00 to $20.00 a Jay as a "MANDEL" ONE-MINUTE PHOTOGRAPHER. Be a "portable post card gallery" man. Enjoy the healthful, happy, outdoor life. Travel and see things. Make all your expenses and save money besides. You need ab•olutely no experience. Success comes to you at once-the first day you begin work with the "Mandel" Post Card Machine A wonderful machine that takes, finishes and delivers post card photographs and photo buttons right on the spot where the pictures are taken. Machine makes five different styles of photos. Easy to operate-complete Instructions with outfit. All you do is, anap the bulb and poclcet your profita. A new, sensational photoa-raphic process- a wonderful discovery. Photos Direct on Post Cards-No Plates, The Rot~d to Suc­ Films, Printing, or Dark Room ceee with a Do not waste your days. Summer Is here. This is the ,. Mandel" Ma• time when "MANDEL" POST OAHD PHOTOGilAPBERS real! chine. Bill money big profits. Everybody needs and buY5 pbotogTaphs. The eale of at lo.Jr•t picn~ca. your first soppliee proC'tlcnlly ~YB yonr entire Investment. Do carnrvau. au 10 • lb'eufi;:~rnt ;~l:::c~l:;'t?n°d0r~p 8 tt:8bt~ ~~'ifts~rii~~~~:ion~ tion lie/de. circa•.. free. Addreos either omoe. ••• email town• onJ larw• citie•• THE CHICAGO FERROTYPE COMPANY EVERYWHER£ 702l...-::'c~:u~ldJr. or Dept. 7~!,L.~.,"~~ ~~~ ...,..

Digitized by Google THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW 127 Socialist Books in Paper £overs The Decentralizer: Books at II Cents. A monthly journal devoted to Socialist $1.80 per dozen; $12.50 per hundred. tactics and oreanization on both the political and economic 6eld. Explains Cole's Socialist Songs, Dialogs and Recitations. Kautsky's The Class Struggle. . the Texas pro,ram under which Texas Marx's Eighteenth Brumaire. and Oklahoma, the two leadinestates Marx's The Civil War in France. Parce's Lesson Outlines in the Economic In- in the Uni~n, are now oreanized. terpretation of History. The only jourual Ill America that 1Clentl6cally treata Richardson's Industrial Problems. the all-lm))!)rtUit guestlon of the form of orpniAtlon Spargo's The Common Sense of Socialism. of proletarian bochca both economic and political. Do Todd's What Are We Here For? you want to Jmow about the A. F. of L. · tile K. of L. ; the A. L. U.; the A. R. U.; the oriJinai W. F. of M.; Vail's Principles of Scientific Socialism. the I. W. W.; the SJ'ndlcallat; the s. L. P~ the S. P .. then you IDuat read the Decentraliaer. The uecentralizer ia not a JDuck·raldna aheet or a penonal orpn, but It Books at 11 Cents. fearleaaly ex~ tlie frauda or erron of thoae In re­ &J)OIIalble poal~ona Ill the labor IDOYenaent. It ahowa the $1.08 per dozen; $7.50 per hundred. adY&Dta~ of a leaa coJDplu and autocratic form of oraanlzatlon than that at preteDt In operation Ill the labor IDOftlllent. Blatchford's Merrie En¥land. Sublcrlptlon price, II centa per year; be aube for Engels' Socialism, Utoptan and Scientific. tt.oo. Walling's Labor-Union Socialism. E. R. KarTzaw, Manaalna Eclitor, Ballettarille. Tau. Work's What's So and What Isn't. The Rebel: Books at 10 Cents. Non.-The DecentraUzer Ia pubUahed In the aune of· fice u the Rebel1 the Red Soathen Soclallat weekly of which T. A. HiCKey Ia ID&Dallina editor. T1le Rebel ... 73c per dozen; $5.00 per hundred; $f0.00 per made the land laue the dominant laaue Ill the Soada. It circulatea 15,000 copiea weekly. Y 011 IDuat read the thousand. Rebel to know about tbe land q_ueatlon and the renten' union. Tbe Rebel will he atrlet]}' propapnda hereafter, but reYolutlonary to the core. FiftY centa a }'ear; dulle Brown's How Capitalism Has Hypnotized So- of four. tt.OO; foar·Jear auba, tt.OO. Hallettntlle. Tau. ciety. Caldwell's Our Mental Enslavement. Conolly's Socialism Made Easy. Debs' lJnionism and Socialism. Deville's The State and Socialism. Socialist Dialogues & Recitations Dunbar's The Detective Business. Eastwood's The Question Box. For many years the only book of Socialist dia­ Fisher's Evolution and Revolution. logues and recitations in the English language Greer's The Social Evil. has been the one compiled by Comrade Haywood and Bohn's Industrial Socialism. Josephine R. Cole, of California. In bringing Johns' Victims of the System. out a new edition, the publishers have arranged Lafargue's The Right to Be Lazy. with Comrade Grace Silver to revise the book, LaMonte's The New Socialism. retaining the best of the original selections, to­ Liebknecht's Socialism, What It Is.· gether with the best new material that can be Liebknecht's No Compromise, No Political found. The new edition contains: Trading. The Machine Breakers, dramatized from Jack London's The Strength of the Strong. London's "The Iron Heel." Marcy's Shop Talks on Economies. The Lion Sleeps and The Firebrand, two stir- Marx's Value, Price and Profit. ring one-act plays, by T. Duncan Ferguson. Marx and En!fels' The Communist Manifesto. Woodshed Woolson's Way Out. a Monologue. Morris' Sociahst Songs With Music. It's Up to You, by Mary E. Marcy. Nelson's Nature Talks on Economics. Twenty-four other selections, just the thing Pannekoek's Marxism and Darwinism. for Socialist entertainments, or for Social­ Simons' Class Strug~les in America. ist dlildren to " speak" at school. Spargo's The Socialtsts: Price, 25 cents postpaid; five copies mailed to Trautmann's One Big~ Union. one address for $1.00. Vail's The Socialist Movement. Fill out the blank below and mail it to Charles Wason's The Wolves. H. Kerr & Co., 118 W. Kinzie St., Chicago. Prices indude postage or expressage. Dis­ EDclooed IIDd t ...... for ...... cop ...... of counts to stockholders apply to retail prices ''Booleltat Dlalocue.. '' only. Address: Name ...... !fo...... Street

CHARLES H. KERR & COMPANY, P.O ...... State . . 118 W. Kinzie St., Chicago. Digitized by Coogle... 28 THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW

The Bible reviewed in the light of M ode r n Science GOD AND MY NEIGHBOR By ROBERT BLATCHFORD JS THE This is the chief subject of debate to-day between ----- Christians and Scientists the world over 8 J8 L E Robert Blatchford says: "Is the Bible a holy and ----- inspired book and the Word of God to man, or is it an TRUE? incongruous and contradictory collection of tribal tra­ -----· dition and ancient fables, written by men of genius and imagination?" Mr. Blatchford believes RELIGIONS are not REVEALED, they are EVOLVED. "We cannot accept as the God of Creation," he writes, "this savage idol (Jehovah) of an obscure tribe, and we have renounced ~ him and are ashamed of him, not because of any later divine reve-' lation, but because mankind have become too enlightened to toler­ ate Jehovah." "The ethical code of the Old Testament is no longer suitable as the role of life. The moral and intellectual advance of the human race has left it behind." CHRISTIANS declare the highest conception of God is the Christian concep­ tion of him as a Heavenly Father. "God is love," they say. To which Blatch­ ford replies: "This is a very lofty, poetical and gratifying conception, but it is open to one fatal objection-it is not true I" :Mr. Blatchford does not believe that a divine being would need or ask for PRAYER and PRAISE. "If you were a human father, would you rather your children praised you and neglected each other, or that brother should stand by brother, and sister cherish sister?" GOD AND MY NEIGHBOR is not an attack upon religion. It is a study of the Bible from the scientific point of view. It is one of the most thought-pro­ voking books of the age. It is being discussed from hundreds of platforms and in thousands of homes. Extra Cloth, 248 large pqea, $1.00 postpaid CHARLES H. KERR & COMPANY Publish en 118 Weat Kinzie. Street, Chicago

Digitized by Coogle Why Not Go"Back to Marx?" Now, perhaps more than at any other time in the history of the world, when our industrial system is in a state of bewildered chaos, there is a need for a clear understanding of the nature and workings of capital. There is only one way to grasp the subject thoroughly and that is to study "CAPITAL" itself, the greatest work of the greatest Socialist of all time. It would be going too far to say that no one who has not read and studied Marx's CAPITAL can be a Socialist, but it is safe to say that no one who has not given that great work at least some attention can be a thoroughly equipped and well­ grounded Socialist. A Socialist workingman was cailed into J. P. Morgan's residence one day to do some repair work. While pasing a bookcase he noted, conspicuous on its shelves, a copy of Marx's Capital. Significant, is it not? Until a few years ago CAPITAL could be had only in an imported (and faulty) edition. And only the first volume was available at that. Th:!n this house took hold and published the . entire work in three magnificent volum.'!s, bound in cloth, with unsurpassed pri~ting.

Volume I, entitled "The Process of Capital­ ist Production," is practically complete in it­ self. It explains the thing which, up to the time that Marx came on the scene, had con­ fused all the economists, namely, Surplus Value. It explains exactly how the capitalist extracts his profits. This volume might be called the keystone of the Socialist arch. 869 pages, $2.00. Volume II, "The Process of Circulation of Capital," explains the part that the merchant and the banker play in the present system, and the laws that govern social capital. Un­ ravels knots in which previous writers had become entangled. 618 pages, $2.00. Volume III, in some respects the most in­ teresting of all, treats of "The Process of Capitalist Production as a Whole." Predicts the rise of Trusts and makes clear the cause of panics and i11dustrial crises. Shows how the &mall capitalist is swallowed. Explains for all time the subjects of Lanr1, Rent and Farmi1ig. 1,048 pages, $2.00.

These three volumes. strongly boxed, will be sent by express, charges prepaid, on receipt of $2.00 and your promise to pay $1.00 a month for four months, provided satisfactory references are sent ·at the same time. This offer includes a y early subscription to the International Socialiat Review without extra charge. It is open only to residents of the United States and Canada. Address

•• • • CHARLES H. KERR ~ CO., •• 118 W. Kinzie St., •• CHICAGO

Digitized by Coogle ....- A Socialist Watch ::Anti-Trust Price

A MAGNIFICENT WATCH FOR SOCIALISTS ONlY 25 fnrt Calllteet Admitte~ly the world's The Genuine BurHnnon5' Special masterp1ece of watch Celli Stntl manufacture, with the beautiful emblem of Socialism SPLEN- cas. DIDLY ENGRAVED ON THE CASE BY HAND, direct ... to you on a staggering Anti-Trust Offer. ~····~ I We are bound to win our gigan- The F"l ght IS On • tic Anti-Tl'"Wit fight, even against the moot overwhelming odrls. We are determined that no price­ b oosting system, no •·quiet" ag"'ements to throttle competi­ tion. can or will stop us in our efforts to secure a fair deal for the consumer. WE ARE DETERMINED to accomplish tho introduction ol our in­ dependent line ol watebes, e\·en though we were obliged to fight a com­ bination of all the watch manulaeturera of the oountry. WE Wr N'T "KNUCKLE DOWN" to telling systema among dealere. II' we ba~e decided upon an offer oo overwbelmtng in i Ia libor­ :ili;y !.hat it baa completely revolutionised t.bo watch indu.try ol the ooun\1)'. We call the creat laetoriee a truat because they have perleeted a system of oonlracta and "ifOODlenta with dealers which enableo them to fix prices and control tnde. We do not eay that tho Watch Tnat io ille&al. But we do in-.ist that their IY•tem of "quiet'' acreementa and prollt-booBtina oontraeta ia very, nry unfair. Special Offer to Socialists The MAGNIFICENT BURLINGTON SPECIAL, our very finest watch, direct to you at the ROCK-BOTTOM the regular wholesale price . • Wn We will gladly ship to you on approval. You pay nothin~­ 0 Money DO you risk absolutely nothing-not one cent-unless you dectde that_you want the great offer after seeing and examining the watch. , 50 a Month and for the world's grandest watch! The easiest kind of pay­ $2• ments at the R ock-Bottom-the Anti-Trust price. To assure us that every Socialist will quickly accept this great in troductory direct offer we allow' cash or easy payments, just as you prefer. ;;;;·~~.. Write for the Free Watch -ook • • Yo u should not buy a worthless watch, just because it is cheap. Nor need COUpOn • you pay trust prices now for a top-notch watch. T he free Burlington' ~ Book explains. T I! I S BOOKLET wi ll quickly co nvince you, too, that Burlington ~ you DO want an Anti-Trust watch-made in the independent factory 0. that is not in the trust and is known for giving better quality and W atch Co. ~ superi or workmanship throughout: we wi ll quickly convi nce you Suite 583Z ~ that the Burlington watch is Tille watch for the discriminat- 18th St d M h 11 Bl d "< ing buye r ; that it is TilE watch for the man or woman who • an ars a v • 0+(' wants, n•>t tl~c l ~tr ges t se-l ling brand. whi ch everybody has, Gentlemen: Please semi me (without ~ but the flE,Sl watch. tl!~ watch bought by experts, the obligations and prepaid) your free book ~... BURL!NGT0:--.1 \VA l Clf. on watches and a c_opy of your $1.ooo chat- <"t. YOU \VJl.L BE POSTED on INSIDE FACTS lengc, and explanations nf rou r ca.h or $2.GO ~ :mel prices when vnu ~end for the Burlington a month offer on the Burlmgton W atch. • ,-. · f ' 1 k 1 # .__omra ny s rcc H><' on watc 1cs. Nam< ...... •• BURLINGTON WATCH CO. Address, • . . .• • • . •.•...... • • Suite &93Z, 19th St. and M•rallall Blvd. • ChlcaQo. 1!1. ·· ····· ····· ········· ····· ·· ··· ······ ····· ···· ··· ··· ····· ·

Digitized by Coogle