DOCSLIB.ORG

The Challenge of Changing Demographics in Lowell

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Challenge of Changing Demographics in Lowell MASSACHUSETTS ASSOCIATION FOR BILINGUAL EDUCATION MONOGRAPH # 1 SOUTHEAST ASIAN PARENT EMPOWERMENT: T he Challenge of Changing Demographics in Lowell, Massachusetts by Peter N ien ,chu Kiang 1990 The Massachusetts Association for Bilingual Education PREFACE Officers and Executive Board 1989-90 With the publication of Southeast Asian Parent President David Groesbeck Empowerment: T he Challenge of Changing Demographics in Lowel l, Massachusetts, the Massachusetts Associa tion for Vice-President (West) Olga Amaral Bilingual Education has initiated the first in a series of yearly monographs on issues related to linguistic minority Vice-President (East) Antonio Barbosa education. MABE decided to establish the monograph series in order to stimulate research on these issues and to Treasurer Arlene Dannenberg increase the expertise of educators who provide services to the growing numbers of students from linguistic minority Secretary Gilman Hebert communities. MABE chose to publish Peter Kiang's research from a number of excellent manuscripts submitted because it Past President Diana Lam tells an inspiring story with lessons which will be increasingly significant for educators to bear in mind as the Members-at-Large Rosario Alvarez demographics of our student population continue to change Joaquim Ferro so dramatically. Karen Law Alan Rom One lesson that we can learn from the battle over Virginia Vogel Zanger schooling in Lowell, documented here, is a reminder of the Catherine Walsh vital role played by parents in securing educational equity for their children. The voices of Southeast Asian and Hispanic parents which arc recorded in this monograph a re The Executive Board of the Massachusetts Association for eloquent testimony to the intelligence and dedication of Bilingual Education wishes to acknowledge its appreciation parents of bilingual students. This monograph presents a for the work of the members of the Monograph Committee: clear account of parents functioning collectively as part of Maria Estela Carrion, Jose Figueiredo, and Virginia Vogel the solution to the educational difficulties faced by their Zanger. children. This advocacy role is one wh ich other immigrant parents and communities have often played before. Indeed, the court rulings and legislation which currently protect the educational rights of linguistic minority children -- to which many teachers a nd administrators owe their jobs -- have ADDITIONAL COPIES been achieved in response to struggles waged by parents fighting for their children's future. Additiona l copies of this manuscript may be ordered by There are other lessons, too, to be learned from this sending a check for $2.00 made out to MABE. Send to: case study of Lowell. One is the ability of parents and communities to transcend the barriers of language, culture, MABE Monographs and very different histories in order to unite in the 10 Myrtle Street interests of their children. While Southeast Asian and Jama ica Plain, MA 02130 Hispanic disputes often make headlines in local newspapers, rarely have the instances of u nity, such as this one, been publicized. Another lesson raised by this case is that S ou theast As ia n Parent Em powerment: educational issues must be viewed in a wider political context. The monograph clearly illustrates how the dramatic T h e Challenge of Cha nging Demographics demographic shifts in t he city of Lowell triggered serious political conflicts, but that the battles were fought in the in Lowell, Massachusetts arena of education. The English Only referendum, which was intended to eliminate the native language component of bilingual education in t he city's schools, was a response to by Peter Nien-chu Kia ng the growing possibility of political empowerment of the Asian and Hispanic communities. As professional educators, e 1990 we naturally tend to look at t he services provided to linguistic minority students in essentially educational terms. This monograph suggests that such a narrow view is naive Introduction at best. It is usefu l to remember the intensely poli tical terms in which the broader society views the education of Lowell, Massachusetts, a c ity famous in U.S. immigrant our linguistic mi nority students. a nd labor histor y, is i n the midst of a dynamic and inevi table, yet at times violen t and bitter process of The lessons which we can d raw from the Lowell case transforma~ i on as it confronts the challenge of changing are particularly significant because of the demograph ic demograph1cs. Like other cities such as Monterey Park 1 changes occurring throughout the nation. Lowell's political California which have undergone dramatic demographi~ and educational conflicts erupted as the ethnic and racial ch~ n ge during the 1970s and 1980s, the rapid growth of makeup of the city u nderwent rapid and drastic demographic As1an and Latino communities in Lowell has tested each of change, according to this research. U.S. schools are the c ity's. institutions including the hospitals, police, courts, undergoing significant demographic change. According to and espec1ally the public school system. Rapid demographic current estimates, in just ten years, one out of three change is also redefining the popular conception of who is studen ts in public schools will be a child of color. an "American". At the same time, a climate of anti­ Forward-thin king educators have begun to consider t he immigrant resentment has developed in Lowell as reflected educational ramifications of these changes. T h is monograph in incidents of racial violence a nd the advocacy of "English­ suggests the necessity that we prepare ourselves to consider Only" policies by individuals and groups within the city. the political implications as well. This prel.iminary report analyzes the process of change taktng p lace tn Lowell through the issue of public school Virginia Vogel Zanger education and the emerging role of Southeast Asian parents MABE Monograph Committee w ho, !n coalition with Latino parents, are demanding educatwnal access a nd equity for their children. The Lowell case~s~ u dy . ill.ustrates how commu nity organ1z1ng and coah tJOn-butldmg a round a specif ic issue have led to the demand for political representation and empowerment as the means to resolve the challenge of changing demographics facing the city. 2 3 A Brief History of Lowell In the 1970's, however, a combination of factors, including the emergence of new industries fueled by high The town of Lowell was established in 1826 in the technology research a t Massachusetts-based universities and context of America's industrial revolution. Seeking to the political muscle of the Massachusetts congressional expand their economic base, Boston-based gentry purchased delegation -- which included Speaker of the House "Tip" land alongside the Merrimack River a nd built a chain of O'Neil and Sen. Edward Kennedy as well as Sen. Paul textile mills with an elabora te canal-lock system that Tsongas who was born a nd raised in Lowell -- led to a powered looms with energy generated by the river's current. turn-around in the state's economic condition. A As Lowell emerged as the country's textile center teenage combination of federal dollars and corporate investment girls were recruited from the area's surrounding farms to revi talized Lowell's economy, enabling the ciity to move from work in the mills. Pa id at ha lf the male wage, yet earning 13.8% unemployment in 1978 to 7% in 1982 to less than 3% more than they would from farmwork, the mill girls lived in in 1987. The run-down mill factories were rehabilitated. dormitory-style housing constructed next to the factories. The c ity's vacant industrial land area dropped from 100 Harsh working a nd living conditions, however, led to some acres in 1978 to zero in 1987.3 of the country's f irst examples of labor organizing -­ including mill gi rl strikes in 1834 a nd 1836, formation of the Centra l to the economic revitalization of Lowell was Lowell Female Labor Reform Association in 1844 and a the decision of An Wang, a Chinese immigrant and Chairman petttwn to the Massachusetts Legislature for a 10-hour of Wang Laboratories, Inc., to relocate the company to workday in 1845.2 Lowell in 1976. Wang purchased cheap industrial land, and with the added incentive of $5 million in federal grants, As successive waves of European immigrants entered built new electronics assembly plants a nd corporate office the country throughout the 1800's and ea rl y 1900's, cheap towers. The timing of the move coincided with Wang's immigrant labor entered the booming textile industry and take-off as a company. Corporate sales rose from $97 replaced the mill girls in Lowell. The mill girls' dormitories mill ion in 1977 to $2.88 billion i n 1986. As the largest evolved into overcrowded te nement housing for successive employer in Lowell, Wang's payroll in 1986 accounted for waves of Irish, French Canadian, Greek, Polish, a nd $114 mill ion. Furthermore, the company purchased $25 Portuguese new immigrants. As the textile industry reached million worth of goods from local vendors and paid more its height in the 1890's, Lowell became widely recognized as than $3 million in local taxes• -- infusing the city with a a city built by immigrants. Labor organizing also continued strong economic base.6 in the c ity as the Yiddish-speaking Lowell Workingmen's Circle for med i n 1900 and Greek immigrants led a city-wide By the mid- 1980's, Lowell was cited as the "model city" strike in 1903 which set the stage for the well-known Bread of the "Massachusetts Miracle" a city whose legacy and Roses strike of 1912 in the neighboring mill town of included leading America's industrial revolution, becoming Lawrence.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 3 1 9 /V8/J MO, 2.77*] the WANG INSTITUTE of GRADUATE STUDIES
    319 /v8/J MO, 2.77*] THE WANG INSTITUTE OF GRADUATE STUDIES: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE DISSERTATION Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Patricia Ann Naizer Green, B.A.S., M.P.A. Denton, Texas December, 1987 Green, Patricia A., The Wang Institute of Graduate Studies: A Historical Perspective. Doctor of Education (College Teaching), December, 1987, 174 pp., 3 tables, 18 illustrations, bibliography, 153 titles. The Wang Institute of Graduate Studies was an independent, non-profit corporate college located Tyngsboro, Massachusetts originated through the benevolence of An Wang. This study focuses on the problems in education and industry that acted as the impetus for this institute and develops a historical perspective of Wang Institute from its inception in 1979 until its end in August, 1987. The study describes the philosophy, organizational structure, curriculum, faculty, and students of Wang Institute. Wang Institute of Graduate Studies no longer exists. The facility used by Wang Institute of Graduate Studies is now known as Wang Institute of Boston University. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . vi Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 Purposes of the Study Questions for Study Background and Significance of the Study The Setting Corporate College In American Higher Education II. THE STORY OF WANG INSTITUTE OF GRADUATE STUDIES. 12 Origin of the Wang Institute of Graduate Studies Steps in Early Development Degree-Granting Review Reorganization NEASC Accreditation The Initial Visit The Second Visit Addition of a New Program The New Administration The Beginning of the End III.
    [Show full text]
  • The Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University
    Chiu-An Wang Chiu-An Wang died on October 24, 1996, bringing his remarkable career to a muted close. He had just turned 82. Chiu-An was born and raised near Canton, the eldest son in a family of nine children, his father a minister in the Rhenish Lutheran church. After graduating from the Pui Ying Middle School, Chiu- An earned both a bachelor’s and a master’s degree in Parasitology at Lignan University in Canton before attending Peking Union Medical College for a year. Then, with the support and advice of a paternal aunt who was not only a gynecologist and obstetrician, but notably one of the first women in China educated in western medicine, he transferred to Harvard Medical School in the war-time Class of 1943B. Following graduation from medical school he went on to a surgical appointment at The Massachusetts General Hospital, three nine-month tours of duty as surgical assistant resident – a “Nine Month Wonder” – giving place in 1946 to returning veterans who had pre-War residency commitments. In the fall of 1946, Chiu-An, or C-A, as he was generally known by his colleagues, returned to Canton with Alice, his Wellesley bride, daughter of the former Chinese Ambassador to the United States. Their transition back to a politically turbulent, postwar China was not without hazard. C-A was promptly appointed Chief of Surgery at the 150-year-old Canton Hospital, and two years later, became Chief of Surgery and Assistant Director of the Hackett Medical Center, then supported by the American Presbyterian Mission, now Canton Number 2 People’s Hospital.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Tech Giants
    spring08 The Magazine for University College and the School of Professional and Continuing Studies Alumni and Friends high-tech GIantS Alumni PersPectives on working for technology Pioneers: Digital EquipmEnt Corporation, primE ComputEr, anD Wang laboratoriEs >BoB Bozeman [uC ’78] alumni Travel Program: TUSCANY ocToBeR 22–30, 2008 trip highlights • spend seven nights in the ancient etruscan city of cortona, wonderfully situated in the heart of tuscany and the inspiration for the book Under the Tuscan Sun by frances mayes. • explore the tranquility of Assis and the graceful gothic ambience in siena. • marvel at the architectural wonders of renaissance florence. • experience the prodigious medieval history in Perugia, the well-preserved jewel of umbria. • learn the essence of tuscan cooking—the incomparable blend of olive oil, sun-ripened tomatoes, and herbs—at a demonstration by the chef of the award-winning restaurant tonino. space is limited so reserve your spot today! For more Information: contact Paula vogel at [email protected] or 617.373.2727. Registration: register online at http://nortea.ahitravel.com/ or call the northeastern university travel Program at 1.800.323.7373. the alumni travel program is sponsored by the school of Professional and continuing studies. emergency medical professionals conference upcoming JUne 14 BurlingTon Campus alumnievents Conference for EMt and Paramedics. lunch with dean hopey JUne 18 Cape Cod, MA Enjoy lunch with fellow alumni and the School of Professional and Continuing Studies is committed Dean Hopey on the Cape. to making connections with alumni and also connecting alumni to students. With that in mind, we have created social, networking, preparing for college and educational events for alumni.
    [Show full text]
  • Photo: (Passport Size)
    Name in English: An Wang Name in Chinese: 王安 Name in Pinyin: Wáng Ān Gender: M DoB: 1920-1990 PoB: Shanghai, China Electronics and Computer Pioneer Profession (s): Physicist, Electronics Inventor, Entrepreneur Education: Chiao Tung University, Shanghai, Electrical Engineering, 1940; Harvard University, M.S. Communications Engineering, 1946; Harvard University, Ph.D, Engineering & Applied Physics, 1948 Awards: The Medal of Liberty, 1986 awarded on the occasion of the relighting of the Statue of Liberty torch to a dozen 1st generation Americans who had made a major contribution to America. Contribution (s): An Wang was one of the pioneers of the computer industry and of the digital revolution. Born in Shanghai, he became fascinated by electronics at an early age. Like many kids of his generation he built his own radio but went much further by pursuing an electrical engineering degree as an adult. During World War II he spent his time designing radio transmitters and receivers for the Chinese war effort. In 1945, he received money from the Chinese government to continue his electronics education at Harvard University. He quickly earned his master’s in just one year and had two doctorates by 1948. In the same year, he was hired by Howard Aiken, whose team at Harvard Computation Laboratory had developed the ASSC Mark 1, one of the first digital computers during the war. Aiken wanted Wang to find a way to store and retrieve data using magnetic memory. Wang developed the idea of memory cores, donut shaped rings of magnetically charged material that could be read to represent the 0 and 1 of binary code.
    [Show full text]
  • Sabina Knight CV 2021
    Sabina Knight 桑稟華 (earlier publications under Deirdre Sabina Knight) Program in World Literatures Pierce Hall 202, 21 West St., Northampton, MA 01063 [email protected], 413-585-3548, Twitter: @SabinaKnight1 / @SangBina https://www.smith.edu/academics/faculty/sabina-knight RESEARCH AREAS: contemporary Chinese fiction; comparative philosophy and literature; Chinese-English literary and cultural translation; early Chinese thought and poetry; TEACHING AREAS: Chinese literature, literature and medicine, Chinese-English creative writing and literary translation, comparative literature (Chinese, French, Russian, and American) DEGREES 1998 Ph.D., Chinese Literature (with Ph.D. minor in Comparative Literature), University of Wisconsin-Madison 1994 M.A., Chinese Literature, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1992 M.A., Comparative Literature, University of California, Berkeley 1988 B.A., Chinese, University of Wisconsin-Madison EDUCATION ABROAD 2005 Summer Literary Seminar, Herzen University, St. Petersburg, Russia 1995-1996 Graduate Institute of Chinese Literature, National Taiwan University 國立臺灣大學, 中國文學研究所, Taipei, Taiwan 1990 Blagovest Intensive Russian Language Program, Leningrad, former USSR 1988-1989 Department of Modern Letters, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France 1988 Centre International d’Études Françaises, Dijon, France 1986 UW Study Abroad in Taipei, Taiwan and Beijing Normal University 北师大, P.R.C. LANGUAGES: Chinese (Mandarin): near-native fluency Classical Chinese: excellent reading French: near-native fluency Russian: excellent reading,
    [Show full text]
  • Ming China' Anew: the Ethnocultural Space in a Diverse Empire-With Special Reference to the 'Miao Territory' Yonglin Jiang Bryn Mawr College, [email protected]
    Bryn Mawr College Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College East Asian Studies Faculty Research and East Asian Studies Scholarship 2018 Thinking About the 'Ming China' Anew: The Ethnocultural Space In A Diverse Empire-With Special Reference to the 'Miao Territory' Yonglin Jiang Bryn Mawr College, [email protected] Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.brynmawr.edu/eastasian_pubs Part of the East Asian Languages and Societies Commons Custom Citation Jiang, Y. 2018. "Thinking About the 'Ming China' Anew: The thnocE ultural Space In A Diverse Empire-With Special Reference to the 'Miao Territory'." Journal of Chinese History 2.1: 27-78. This paper is posted at Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College. https://repository.brynmawr.edu/eastasian_pubs/2 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Chinese History 2 (2018), 27–78 doi:10.1017/jch.2017.27 . Jiang Yonglin THINKING ABOUT “MING CHINA” ANEW: THE ETHNOCULTURAL SPACE IN A DIVERSE https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms EMPIRE —WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE “MIAO TERRITORY”* Abstract By examining the cultural identity of China’s Ming dynasty, this essay challenges two prevalent perceptions of the Ming in existing literature: to presume a monolithic socio-ethno-cultural Chinese empire and to equate the Ming Empire with China (Zhongguo, the “middle kingdom”). It shows that the Ming constructed China as an ethnocultural space rather than a political entity. Bryn Mawr College, e-mail: [email protected]. , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at *The author is grateful to a large number of individuals and institutions for their insightful critiques and generous support for this project.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lowell High- Tech Success Story
    en years ago Lowell, Massachusetts was a high-tech success story. After several decades of stagnation, the Lowell area had emerged Tas a thriving center for high-technology employment. The Lowell story was viewed as a "model for reindustrialization" for older cities throughout the world (Dun’s Review 1980; Butterfield 1982; Earls 1983). In recent years Lowell has once again become the focus of interna- tional attention, this time as an example of a failed economic develop- ment strategy (Ingrassia 1990; The Econo~nist 1991; Farley and Yung 1992; Hervieux 1992). Widespread layoffs and plant closings within its com- puter industry, particularly the collapse of Wang Laboratories, have dealt a crushing blow to the local economy. Lowell’s recent economic bust was not an inevitable outcome of its high-tech boom, however. Key signs of the vulnerability of the thriving local economy to production cycles were Ross J. Gittell and visible and identified over 10 years ago (Flynn 1984). Patricia M. Flynn This article analyzes the boom and bust periods the Lowell economy experienced with high-technology employment, identifying what ~vent wrong and what might have been done to mitigate the impacts of Gittell is Associate Professor of Public economic and industrial change. The first section provides a brief Policy and Management at the Whitte- historical overview of the rise and decline of textiles and the more recent ~nore School of Business and Economics cycle (1972-94) of high-technology employment in the Lowell area. The at &e Lbffversity of New Hampshire; article goes on to address the key factors responsible for the area’s Flynn is Dean of the Graduate School high-tech economic revitalization and subsequent decline.
    [Show full text]
  • Education Employment Publications
    Tian CV 1 Xiaofei Tian Dept. of East Asian Languages and Civilizations Harvard University 2 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138 [email protected] Education Ph.D., Department of Comparative Literature, Harvard University, 1998 MA, Department of English, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1991 BA, Department of English, Beijing University, 1989 Employment 2006-present Professor of Chinese Literature, Dept. of EALC, Harvard 2005-2006 Associate Professor of Chinese Literature, EALC, Harvard 2000-2005 Preceptor in Chinese, EALC, Harvard 1999-2000 Assistant Professor of Chinese Literature, Dept. of Asian Studies, Cornell University 1998-1999 Visiting Assistant Professor of Chinese Literature, Dept. of East Asian Languages and Literatures, Colgate University Publications Books in English A Nineteenth-century Chinese Memoir: The World of a Tiny Insect. University of Washington Press: forthcoming. Visionary Journeys: Travel Writings from Early Medieval and Nineteenth-century China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Asia Center, 2011. Beacon Fire and Shooting Star: The Literary Culture of the Liang (502-557). Cambridge, MA: Harvard Asia Center, 2007. Tao Yuanming (365?-427) and Manuscript Culture: The Record of a Dusty Table. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2005. Named a Choice Outstanding Academic Title in 2006. Books in Chinese (a selected list) Liubai 留白. Tianjin: Tianjin renmin chubanshe, 2009. Fenghuo yu liuxing: Xiao Liang wenxue yu wenhua 烽火與流星﹕蕭梁文學與文 化. Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University Press, 2009; Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2010. Chinese editions of Beacon Fire and Shooting Star. Zhecheng 赭城. Nanjing: Jiangsu renmin chubanshe, 2006. Chen ji lu: Tao Yuanming yu shaochaoben wenhua yanjiu 塵几錄﹕陶淵明與手抄 本文化研究. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2007. Expanded Chinese edition of Tao Yuanming and Manuscript Culture.
    [Show full text]
  • AAAI-20 Accepted Paper List.3.23.20Docx
    AAAI-20 Accepted Papers – Main Technical Track (The following list includes all accepted papers for the main track of AAAI-20. The list is sorted according to submission number order. Titles and spelling may not be final. Final titles will be reflected in the final program and proceedings according to what is submitted by authors at the camera-ready copy deadline. Additional tracks will be posted in January.) 3: InstaNAS: Instance-aware Neural Architecture Search An-Chieh Cheng (National Tsing-Hua University)*; Chieh Hubert Lin (National Tsing Hua University); Da-Cheng Juan (Google); Wei Wei (Google); Min Sun (NTHU) 23: BOWL: Bayesian Optimization for Weight Learning in Probabilistic Soft Logic Sriram Srinivasan (UC Santa Cruz)*; Golnoosh Farnadi (Polytechnique Montreal); Lise Getoor (University of California Santa Cruz) 38: Regularized Wasserstein Means for Aligning Distributional Data Liang Mi (Arizona State University)*; wen zhang (ASU); Yalin Wang (Arizona State University) 46: Geometry-constrained Car Recognition Using a 3D Perspective Network Rui Zeng (Queensland University of Technology)*; Zongyuan Ge (Monash); SIMON DENMAN (Queensland University of Technology, Australia); Sridha Sridharan (QUT); Clinton Fookes (Queensland University of Technology) 53: Further Understanding Videos through Adverbs: A New Video Task Bo Pang (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Kaiwen Zha (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Yifan Zhang (Shanghai Jiao Tong University); Cewu Lu (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)* 57: Adaptive Unimodal Cost Volume Filtering for
    [Show full text]
  • Virtual Exchange in the Asia-Pacific: Research and Practice Edited by Eric Hagley and Yi’An Wang
    Virtual exchange in the Asia‑Pacific: research and practice Edited by Eric Hagley and Yi’an Wang Published by Research-publishing.net, a not-for-profit association Contact: [email protected] © 2020 by Editors (collective work) © 2020 by Authors (individual work) Virtual exchange in the Asia‑Pacific: research and practice Edited by Eric Hagley and Yi’an Wang Publication date: 2020/12/21 Rights: the whole volume is published under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives International (CC BY-NC-ND) licence; individual articles may have a different licence. Under the CC BY-NC-ND licence, the volume is freely available online (https://doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2020.47.9782490057788) for anybody to read, download, copy, and redistribute provided that the author(s), editorial team, and publisher are properly cited. Commercial use and derivative works are, however, not permitted. Disclaimer: Research-publishing.net does not take any responsibility for the content of the pages written by the authors of this book. The authors have recognised that the work described was not published before, or that it was not under consideration for publication elsewhere. While the information in this book is believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the editorial team nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions. The publisher makes no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. While Research-publishing.net is committed to publishing works of integrity, the words are the authors’ alone. Trademark notice: product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
    [Show full text]
  • Ownership Biases and FDI in China: Evidence from Two Provinces1
    Ownership biases and FDI in China: Evidence from 1 two provinces Yasheng Huang Sloan School of Management MIT 50 Memorial Drive, E52-551 Cambridge, MA 02142 [email protected] First draft. Very preliminary. September 2004 Abstract Jiangsu and Zhejiang are of two of China most prosperous and dynamic provinces. This paper first presents a factual account of two empirical phenomena: 1) FDI has played a more substantial role in the economic development of Jiangsu than in Zhejiang, and 2) ownership biases against domestic private firms in Jiangsu were more substantial than in Zhejiang. The paper hypothesizes that there is a connection between these two empirical phenomena. Specifically, ownership biases against domestic private firms increase preferences for FDI because FDI provides a measure of relative property rights security. Thus a biased domestic private firm has an incentive to move its assets and/or future growth opportunities to the foreign sector. The paper uses two private-sector surveys—one conducted in 1993 and the other in 2002—to provide an empirical test of this hypothesis. Our analysis shows, controlling for a variety of firm-level attributes and industry and regional characteristics, those private firms which perceive ownership biases to be more severe are more likely to form joint ventures with foreign firms. 1 This paper draws from materials gathered for a book-length project on these two provinces. The sources of data include field trips to the two provinces, survey data, and more standard firm-level and economy-wide data. 1 Ownership biases and FDI in China: Evidence from two provinces “All our indicators are better than those of Ningbo [of Zhejiang province], except per capita income.” Wang Mang, the mayor of Suzhou of Jiangsu province, 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Protocol for a Gallbladder Cancer Registry Study in China: the Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC) Study
    Open access Protocol BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038634 on 16 February 2021. Downloaded from Protocol for a gallbladder cancer registry study in China: the Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC) study Tai Ren ,1,2 Yongsheng Li,2,3 Xi Zhang ,4 Yajun Geng,1,2 Ziyu Shao,1,2 Maolan Li,1,2 Xiangsong Wu,1,2 Xu- An Wang,2,3 Fatao Liu,2 Wenguang Wu,2,3 Yijun Shu,1,2 Runfa Bao,1,2 Wei Gong,1,2 Ping Dong,1,2 Xueyi Dang,5 Chang Liu,6 Changjun Liu,7 Bei Sun,8 Jun Liu,9 Lin Wang,10 Defei Hong,11 Renyi Qin ,12 Xiaoqing Jiang,13 Xuewen Zhang,14 Junmin Xu,15 Jianguang Jia,16 Bo Yang,17 Bing Li,18 Chaoliu Dai,19 Jingyu Cao,20 Hong Cao,21 Feng Tao,22 Zaiyang Zhang,23 Yi Wang,24 Huihan Jin,25 Hongyu Cai,26 Zhewei Fei,27 Jianfeng Gu,28 Wei Han,29 Xuedong Feng,30 Lu Fang,31 Linhui Zheng,32 Chunfu Zhu,33 Kunhua Wang,34 Xueli Zhang,35 Xiaoyong Li,36 Chong Jin,37 Yeben Qian,38 Yunfu Cui,39 Yuzhen Xu,40 Xiang Wang,41 Houbao Liu,42 Yawei Hua,43 Chao Liu,44 Jihui Hao,45 Chuanlei Wang,46 Qiyun Li,47 Xun Li,48 Jiansheng Liu,49 Mingzhang Li,50 Yudong Qiu,51 Buqiang Wu,52 Jinfang Zheng,53 Xiaoliang Chen,54 Haihong Zhu,55 Kejun Hua,56 Maolin Yan,57 Peng Wang,58 Hong Zang,59 Xiaoming Ma,60 Jian Hong,61 Yingbin Liu 2,3 To cite: Ren T, Li Y, Zhang X, ABSTRACT Strengths and limitations of this study et al.
    [Show full text]