Virtual exchange in the Asia‑Pacific: research and practice Edited by Eric Hagley and Yi’an Wang Published by Research-publishing.net, a not-for-profit association Contact: [email protected] © 2020 by Editors (collective work) © 2020 by Authors (individual work) Virtual exchange in the Asia‑Pacific: research and practice Edited by Eric Hagley and Yi’an Wang Publication date: 2020/12/21 Rights: the whole volume is published under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives International (CC BY-NC-ND) licence; individual articles may have a different licence. Under the CC BY-NC-ND licence, the volume is freely available online (https://doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2020.47.9782490057788) for anybody to read, download, copy, and redistribute provided that the author(s), editorial team, and publisher are properly cited. Commercial use and derivative works are, however, not permitted. 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Table of contents v Notes on contributors xi Acknowledgments xiii Foreword Darla K. Deardorff 1 Introduction and overview Eric Hagley and Yi’an Wang Section 1. Bringing virtual exchange in the Asia‑Pacific region into focus: research, roadmaps and reaction 11 Ethnographic approaches to developing intercultural competence through intercultural interactions in the higher education context in China Yi’an Wang and Liyang Miao 37 What do we exchange in virtual exchange? Reflections on virtual exchange as intercultural dialogue Jan Van Maele 61 Tackling international controversies in virtual exchange Masahito Watanabe 77 ICC cultivation in a multiform course mode Ran Liu and Yi’an Wang Section 2. Virtual exchange in the language and intercultural studies classroom 105 Collaborative tasks in telecollaboration: their challenges and potentials Hisae Matsui iii Table of contents 125 The practical realities of virtual exchange Sandra Healy and Olivia Kennedy 145 The affordances of wikis for virtual exchange Thomas Kaufmann 165 The role virtual exchange could play in helping prepare students for real-life study abroad Andrew Ryan 179 Improving interactions between teachers and students in virtual exchanges – a case of mentor/learner relationships in MOOCs Richard Draeger Jr and Steve J. Kulich 201 Project Ibunka – a web-based virtual exchange project Masahito Watanabe 231 Musings on virtual exchange in the Asia-Pacific and beyond Eric Hagley 241 Author index iv Notes on contributors Editors Eric Hagley is a research fellow at Hosei University in Japan. He created the International Virtual Exchange Project (IVEProject) which has had over 23,000 students from 18 countries participating in Virtual Exchange (VE) over the last 5 years. The IVEProject continues to expand and is one of many VE that are changing the way communicative language teaching is being taught around the world. He has written and presented on VE extensively. He is the co-chair and president of the Asia Pacific Virtual Exchange Association (APVEA) and was vice-president of PacCALL from 2009 to 2018. Yi’an Wang is Professor and Vice Dean of the School of Foreign Languages and Literature at Hangzhou Dianzi University in PR China. He got his MA in Intercultural Communication at the University of Sydney and holds a PhD in Intercultural Communication from Shanghai International Studies University in China. His research interest focuses on intercultural competence development and assessment and its application in different contexts, intercultural adjustment, and intercultural training. He is one of the coordinators of ERASMUS+ project “Resources for interculturality in Chinese Higher Education/RICH-Ed” in China. Invited author Darla K. Deardorff is Executive Director of the Association of International Education Administrators (AIEA), a research scholar at Duke University, and holds faculty positions at universities in several countries including Nelson Mandela University (S. Africa), Meiji University (Japan), Shanghai International Studies University (China), York University (Canada), and North Carolina State University, and Harvard University’s Global Education Think Tank. Author/ editor of 8 books and over 60 book chapters/articles, she is Founding President of the World Council on Intercultural and Global Competence, and regularly gives invited talks, trainings and workshops around the world. She can be reached through LinkedIn and at [email protected]. v Notes on contributors Authors Chapter 1 Yi’an Wang, see Editors’ section. Liyang Miao is Associate Professor of the School of Foreign Languages and Literature at Hang Dianzi University in PR China. She got her MA in TESOL at the University of New South Wales in Australia. She has been teaching the course Intercultural Communication for over six years. Her research interest focuses on intercultural competence development and assessment, intercultural training, IC teaching and learning in Chinese higher education. She is a member of the core team of ERASMUS+ project “Resources for interculturality in Chinese Higher Education/ RICH-ED” in China. She is the Main Educator of the HDU Gold Online/ Virtual Reality Course Intercultural Communication. Chapter 2 Jan Van Maele teaches and researches communication at the Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven, Belgium. He holds a PhD in language assessment from UCL, Belgium. His main interests are intercultural interaction, international education, and language assessment. He has conducted various projects in these fields with partners in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Currently he coordinates the Erasmus+ RICH-Ed project on interculturality in Chinese higher education. In recent years he has been a visiting research scholar in the UK, Japan, and China. Chapter 3 Masahito Watanabe is Professor of Yokohama National University, Japan, teaching general English courses and linguistics for university students and coordinating English instructors. Linguistics and pedagogical grammar are the major fields of the study. A translator of Grammar in Use Intermediate Third Edition (CUP), Language Arts: Product and Assessment for Diverse Classroom Fifth Edition (Waveland Pr. Inc.), etc. vi Notes on contributors Chapter 4 Ran Liu is a freelance researcher. She got her MA in Intercultural Communication at Hangzhou Dianzi University, the study experience motivated her to experience different culture, then she got her MA in Heritage Management at University of Kent and volunteered in museum projects in Athens, Greece. Her interests are in online education, virtual museum construction and intercultural training. She also participated in constructions aid programmes held by African Development Bank in Kenya. Yi’an Wang, see Editors’ section. Chapter 5 Hisae Matsui is Lecturer in the Department of East Asian Studies at Princeton University. She received her Ed.D. in Technology Education and MA in TESOL/ Linguistics from West Virginia University (USA). At Princeton University, she has been teaching Japanese language from elementary to advanced levels. Her scholarly interests are various forms of integrations of technology in foreign language pedagogy. Chapter 6 Sandra Healy is Associate Professor of Applied Linguistics at Kyoto Institute of Technology in Japan. She has taught graduate and undergraduate courses for more than twenty years in Japanese universities. Her research focuses on the use of technology in second language education, and issues concerning language and identity, particularly gender and culture. Olivia Kennedy runs the Foreign Languages program at Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, and also teaches at Kyoto Institute of Technology. She is passionate about improving learner experiences and outcomes in the L2 classroom. Her research focuses