The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia
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THE PARLIAMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA MARCH 1982 AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING SERVICE CANBERRA 1982 © Commonwealth of Australia 1982 ISBN No. 0 644 01702 3 Primed by CJ. Thompson, Commonwealth Government Printer, Canberra On 3 December 1980, the Committee was appointed by Resolution of the House of Representatives to inquire into and report on: (a) the main causes of the present high level of the road toll in Australia; (b) the most effective means of achieving greater road safety in Australia; (c) the particular aspects of the problem to which those concerned with road safety could most advantageously direct their efforts; and (d) the economic cost to the community of road accidents in Australia in terms of— (i) material damage; (ii) loss of man-hours and earning capacity; and (iii) cost of treatment of accident victims. The Committee, on 5 March 1981, resolved to inquire into and report on the edu- cation, training, and licensing of drivers including the special needs of disabled drivers. Chairman The Hon. R. C. Katter, M.P. Deputy Chairman The Hon. C. K. Jones, M.P. Members Mr H. G. P. Chapman, M.P. Mrs E. E. Darling, M.P. Mr B. J. Goodluck, M.P. The Hon.. R. J. Groom, M.P. Mr P. F. Morris, M.P. Mr C. W. Tuckey, M.P. Secretary Mrs L. Simons* Advisers to the Committee Mr G. M. L. Quayle, B. Comm. Dr D. G. Saffron,B.A. (Hons),Ph.D. Mrs Simons replaced Mr D.W, Nairn as Committee Secretary on 30 September 1981. Ill Page Chapter Abbreviations Major findings Recommendations 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 Scope of the Inquiry . 2 Previous Reports 3 PART A 4 2. EDUCATION 4 Road user behaviour , . 4 The development of attitudes .5 The role of the parent 5 Publicity Advisory Committee on Education in Road Safety 6 A national direction 6 Earliest age to teach road safety 6 Road safety education in schools 1 Previous approaches 7 Road safety education in primary schools 7 Children's traffic schools 8 An integrated curriculum 8 A curriculum committee 9 Driver education and training in secondary schools \ 0 Skills training in secondary schools 11 Road safety training outside the school system 12 Cost-effectiveness of road safety education 3 2 Educating the motoring public 13 First aid .14 Legislation 15 First aid in schools 16 Pre-licensing compulsory first aid course 16 Community acceptance 16 First aid syllabus 17 First aid kits 17 3. TRAINING 20 Form of training - 20 Skill versus attitude 21 Compulsory training .21 Motorcyclists 21 Professional drivers 22 Apprenticeship programs 23 Driving instructors 24 Instruction in heavy vehicles 24 Qualifications 25 Defensive driving courses '" • ' ' 25 . iv Page Advanced driver training 26 Defence Force training 26 4. LICENSING 29 Uniformity 29 Minimum licensing age 30 The licence test 31 Learner permit test 32 Theory test 33 Practical test 33 Licence examiners 33 Licence testing for motorcyclists 34 Vision testing 34 Vision re-testing 35 Medical screening 36 Licence re-testing with age 38 Licence classifications 39 Towing 40 Identification on licences 40 Graduated licensing 41 Licensing of disabled drivers 42 Special licences 43 Driver records systems • . 44 Driving instructors 46 Co-ordination of programs 46 An Australian licence . 47 5. POST-LICENSING DRIVER IMPROVEMENT 49 Driver control 49 Penalties and sanctions . 49 Points demerit systems 50 Administrative sanctions 50 Driver improvement programs .51 Alcohol rehabilitation programs 53 PARTB. 55 6. THE SPECIAL NEEDS OF DISABLED DRIVERS 55 Driver training facilities 55 Commonwealth Rehabilitation Service scheme 56 Driver training provided by hospitals 57 Driver training by other organisations 57 Availability of qualified instruction . 58 Funding driver tuition 59 Financial assistance for disabled drivers 60 Assistance to purchase a car 60 Mobility allowance 60 Import duty 61 Bounty system 61 Low interest loans 61 Vehicle registration and third party insurance 62 Commonwealth program of aids for the disabled 62 Page Standards for driving aids 62 Manual of information on driving aids 63 Availability of sophisticated aids 64 Other problems faced by disabled motorists 65 Parking 66 Difficulty in obtaining petrol . 66 Display of 'Disabled Driver' symbol 66 1 Witnesses and submissions .68 .2 Exhibits", ',, . 75 3 State and Territory survey of driver licensing practices 80 4 Organisation chart for traffic safety education 102 5 Proposed strategy for traffic safety education, licensing and driver 103 improvement 6 A comparison of on-road and off-road driver training — (Goulburn Valley 104 Driver Training Report) 7 Core syllabus for drivers licence examination: . 105 (a) .Theory test (b) Practical driving test . 8 Driver casualties for Australia by age—1976 107 9 Increase of visual defects with age 108 10 Sample form of statement by occupational therapist before disabled driver 109 can obtain licence, Manitoba, Canada 11 United Nations Convention on Road Traffic, 1968—Licence classifications 111 12 New South Wales disabled person's parking authority (facsimile) 112 13 Categories of aids available under the Program of Aids for Disabled People 113 14 Conduct of the Inquiry . 114 VI AAA Australian Automobile Association ACROD Australian Council for Rehabilitation of the Disabled ACRUPTC Advisory Committee on Road User Performance and Traffic Codes ADR Australian Design Rule ARRB Australian Road Research Board AT AC Australian Transport Advisory Council Coppin R.S. Coppin, Driver Licence and Driver Improvement Programs —A National Review, Department of Transport, September 1977 CRS Commonwealth Rehabilitation Service 'Guidelines Report' Guidelines for Driver Licensing and Driver Improvement Programs in Australia by Advisory Committee on Road User Performance and Traffic Codes for the Australian Transport Advisory Council, Department of Transport, July 1980 GVDTC Goulburn Valley Driver Training Complex (in Victoria) IAATM International Association for Accident Trauma and Medicine LRCS League of Red Cross Societies NACH National Advisory Council for the Handicapped PACERS Publicity Advisory Committee on Education in Road Safety RoSTA Road Safety and Traffic Authority (in Victoria) TARU Traffic Accident Research Unit (New South Wales, Department of Motor Transport) vn The Committee is deeply concerned about the increasing number of road accident fatalities on Australian roads. The cost for Australia of road accidents is as high as $2,000 m per year. Initiatives in the education, training and licensing area which would in any way assist in the promotion of road safety and in saving Australian lives is to be applauded. To this end, a few major issues which were highlighted time and time again are listed below: * road user behaviour and attitude must be changed; (paragraph 80) e road safety education must begin at a very young age; (paragraphs 27-8) « parents must take a greater responsibility in teaching their children road safety; (paragraph 24) « first aid education and instruction should be given in schools and licence ap- plicants should be required to produce evidence of such training; (paragraph 97,107) * motorcyclists must receive training in handling skills before being permitted to ride on public roads; (paragraphs 202-4) « a common standard of licensing should apply Australia-wide; (paragraphs 169-71,289-90) * there should be a graduated system of entry into the driving population; (paragraphs 255-63) » compatible driver record systems must be established in each State and Ter- ritory as a top priority; (paragraphs 272-83) « Australia-wide standards of safety and quality for driving aids for the dis- abled must be developed, (paragraphs 383-8) The Committee points out that its recommendations which follow not only take into account the short term benefits that would accrue with their implementation but that they are also directed towards the continued improvement in road safety in the future. vm The Committee recommends that: 1. the Office of Road Safety within the Department of Transport, undertake research on the factors influencing driver behaviour, particularly risk-taking behaviour. (paragraph 22) 2. the Office of Road Safety undertake a national public education program to: • make parents aware of their responsibilities for the education of their children in road safety from an early age; and » impress upon parents the need to set an example of safe and considerate road user behaviour. (paragraph 28) 3. the Education Department in conjunction with the Office of Road Safety, support State and Territory efforts in ensuring that road safety, including pedestrian edu- cation, be taught as part of a general safety awareness program to young school children from the first year in school onwards. (paragraph 36) 4. the Department of Education in conjunction with the Office of Road Safety, en- courage and support State efforts in establishing road safety curriculum com- mittees which have the responsibility of co-ordinating the integration of road safety topics with other subjects in school curricula; and . that representatives on the road safety curriculum committees be drawn from edu- cation authorities and road safety organisations, and be established under the auspices of each State education authority. (paragraph 61) 5. the Office of Road Safety continue research to establish the effectiveness of public education programs, and co-ordinate the implementation of such programs; and the Minister for Communications direct the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal to inquire into the influence on young people, of television programs which