Sun™ Cluster Environment Sun Cluster 2.2
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Sun™ Cluster Environment Sun Cluster 2.2 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto, CA 94303-4900 USA 650 960-1300 Fax 650 969-9131 Part No. 806-3345-10 October 2000, Revision 01 Comments on this document to: [email protected] Copyright 2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 901 San Antonio Road • Palo Alto, CA 94303-4900 USA. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers. Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. 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Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Sun Up, Sun Cluster, Netra ft, Sun Enterprise, Sun Trunking, Sun Enterprise Volume Manager, Solstice Disk Suite, Sun Management Center, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunService, Sun StorEdge, SunScreen, Trusted Solaris, OpenBoot, JumpStart, Sun BluePrints AnswerBook2, docs.sun.com, SunLabs group, Sun BluePrints, Sun Enterprise 3000, Sun Enterprise 4500, Sun Enterprise 6500, Sun Enterprise 10000, Sun Cluster 2.2, Sun Cluster 3.0, Sun Enterprise Volume Manager, Sun Management Center, SunScreen, JumpStart, Sun Ultra 2, Sun StorEdge 5100, Sun StorEdge 5200, Sun Prestoserve, Sun Microsystems Ultra-1, Sun Microsystems Ultra-2, SunVTS, Sun Ultra Enterprise servers (models 150, 220R, 250, 420R, and 450), SunSwift, SunLink, SunATM, Sun Internet Mail Server, and Solaris are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. The OPEN LOOK and Sun™ Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry. Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun’s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun’s written license agreements. RESTRICTED RIGHTS: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions of FAR 52.227-14(g)(2)(6/ 87) and FAR 52.227-19(6/87), or DFAR 252.227-7015(b)(6/95) and DFAR 227.7202-3(a). 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Des parties de ce produit pourront être dérivées des systèmes Berkeley BSD licenciés par l’Université de Californie. UNIX est une marque déposée aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays et licenciée exclusivement par X/Open Company, Ltd. La notice suivante est applicable à Netscape Communicator™: Copyright 1995 Netscape Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Sun Up, Sun Cluster, Netra ft, Sun Enterprise, Sun Trunking, Sun Enterprise Volume Manager, Solstice Disk Suite, Sun Management Center, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunService, Sun StorEdge, SunScreen, Trusted Solaris, OpenBoot, JumpStart, Sun BluePrints AnswerBook2, docs.sun.com, and Solaris sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées, ou marques de service, de Sun Microsystems, Inc. aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays. Toutes les marques SPARC sont utilisées sous licence et sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées de SPARC International, Inc. aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays. Les produits portant les marques SPARC sont basés sur une architecture développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc. L’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et Sun™ a été développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc. pour ses utilisateurs et licenciés. Sun reconnaît les efforts de pionniers de Xerox pour la recherche et le développement du concept des interfaces d’utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l’industrie de l’informatique. Sun détient une licence non exclusive de Xerox sur l’interface d’utilisation graphique Xerox, cette licence couvrant également les licenciés de Sun qui mettent en place l’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licences écrites de Sun. CETTE PUBLICATION EST FOURNIE “EN L’ETAT” ET AUCUNE GARANTIE, EXPRESSE OU IMPLICITE, N’EST ACCORDEE, Y COMPRIS DES GARANTIES CONCERNANT LA VALEUR MARCHANDE, L’APTITUDE DE LA PUBLICATION A REPONDRE A Please Recycle Table of Contents 1 Preface xi Chapter 1: High Availability Fundamentals Basic System Outage Principles 2 System Types—Availability Requirements 3 Reliability Fundamentals 5 Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) 5 Failure Rate 6 Common MTBF Misconceptions 8 Availability Fundamentals 8 Reliability vs. Availability 11 Serviceability Fundamentals 12 Dynamic Reconfiguration 12 Alternate Pathing 13 Single System Availability Tuning 13 Configuring to Reduce System Failures 14 Reducing System Interruption Impact 15 Reducing Maintenance Reboots 15 Configuring Highly Available Subsystems 15 Datacenter Best Practices 18 Systems Management Principles 19 Hardware Platform Stability 19 Consolidating Servers in a Common Rack 20 System Component Identification 20 AC/DC Power 22 System Cooling 23 Network Infrastructure 23 Security 24 Systems Installation and Configuration Documentation 25 Change Control 26 Maintenance and Patch Strategy 27 iii Component Spares 27 Software Release Upgrade Process 28 Support Agreement and Associated Response Time 28 Backup and Restore 28 Sun Cluster Recovery Procedures 29 Campus Cluster Recovery Procedures 29 Summary 30 Chapter 2: Sun Cluster 2.2 Architecture What Is a Cluster? 32 Single System Image 32 High Availability and Scalability 33 Single Point of Failure (SPOF) 35 Sun Cluster 2.2 Software Components 35 Cluster Interconnect 36 Switched Management Agent 37 Cluster Membership Monitor 38 Cluster Configuration Database 38 CCD Architecture 39 Public Network Management 41 Cluster Reconfiguration State Machine 43 Volume Management 45 Data Service Layer 46 Data Services 47 Fault Probes 47 Parallel Databases 47 Clustering for High Availability 47 Logical Hosts 48 Cluster Topology 50 Asymmetric High Availability 50 Symmetric High Availability 51 Two-Node Clusters and Cluster Pairs 52 N+1 Topology (Three- and Four-Node Clusters) 54 Ring Topology (Three- and Four-Node Clusters) 56 Scalable Topology 57 SC2.2 Failure Fencing/Cluster Membership 58 Membership and Failure Fencing 60 N+1 and Ring Topology 64 Scalable Topology 66 Cluster Failure Scenarios 72 iv Table of Contents Architectural Limitations 74 Summary 75 Chapter 3: Sun Cluster 2.2 Components Server Platform Options 77 SPARCserver ™ 1000E (SS1000E) and SPARCcenter™ 2000E (SC2000E) 79 Ultra Enterprise 1 (Ultra-1) and Ultra Enterprise 2 (Ultra-2) 79 Netra t Carrier-Grade Servers 81 Sun Ultra Enterprise Servers x20R/x50 82 The Sun Enterprise Server xx00 84 Sun Enterprise 10000 Server 87 Solaris Operating Environment Options 89 Public Network Interface Options 90 Combination of 10/100 Base-T Ethernet and SCSI Adapter Cards 90 Fast Ethernet 91 Quad Fast Ethernet 91 Gigabit Ethernet 91 Token Ring 92 Asynchronous Transfer Mode 92 Fiber Data Distributed Interface 93 Private Network Interface Options 93 Fast Ethernet 93 Quad Fast Ethernet 93 Scalable Coherent Interconnect (SCI) 94 Gigabit Ethernet Interconnect 94 Disk Storage Options 94 SCSI Storage Devices 96 Fiber Channel Storage Devices 100 Volume Manager Options 102 Solstice Disk Suite Software 103 Veritas Volume Manager (VxVM) Software 104 Veritas CVM Software 105 Data Storage Options 105 Raw Disk Storage 105 File System Storage 105 Data Service Options 107 Summary 109 Table of Contents v Chapter 4: Sun Cluster 2.2 Administration Chapter Roadmap 112 Monitoring Sun Cluster Status and Configuration 113 Monitoring Tools 113 Cluster Logs 119 Managing Time in a Clustered Environment 120 Cluster Membership Administration 121 Starting a Cluster or Cluster Node 121 Stopping a Cluster or Cluster Node 126 Managing Cluster Partitions 128 Setting and Administering CMM Timeouts 131 Managing Cluster Configuration 133 Cluster Configuration Databases 133