Des Moines Residential Growth and Development, 1900-1942; the Bungalow and Square House
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NFS Form 10-900-b OMBNo. 10024-0018 (Oct. 1990) »{V 111s—' United States Department of the Interior National Park Service •A!) National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is for use in documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructionTnTtf»t>i iu~£oj%t>letejhe Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. X New Submission _ _ Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing______________________________________________ Des Moines Residential Growth And Development, 1900-1942; The Bungalow and Square House B. Associated Historical Contexts______________________________________________ (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) 1. The Onset and Maturation of Municipal Planning in Des Moines, 1906-1942: 2. The "Own Your Own Home" Campaign and Des Moines' Record Home Ownership Level, 1908-1942: 3. Transportation's Role in Fostering and Directing Residential Expansion, 1900-1942 4. Providing Moderate Cost Housing for Des Moines Residents; the Emergence of the Small Tract House, 1934-42: 5. Federal Housing Programs and Policies Influence Tract Housing Design and Construction, 1932-1942: 6. The Pace and Nature of District Expansion On Des Moines' Periphery, 1900-1942: 7. The Role of House Design, Construction and Marketing in Fostering and Influencing Des Moines Residential Construction and Expansion, 1900-1942: 8. The Role of a Popular House Type, the Square House, in Des Moines' Residential Growth and Home Ownership, 1904- 1942: 9. The Role of the Popular Cottage/House Type, the Bungalow in Des Moines' Residential Growth and Home Ownership, 1907-1942: C. Form Prepared By___________________________________________________ Name/Title _____James E. Jacobsen Organization Historv Pavs! Date June 20. 2000 Street & Number 4411 Ingersoll Avenue Telephone (515)274-3625 City or Town Des Moines State Iowa Zip Code 50312 D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in/T\CFR Part 60 and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservati/nJ/ See continu/fiion shee| fj>r additional comments). ^-Jff Signature and title of certifying official •* Date State or Federal agency and bureau I hereby certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluatinarelated properties for listing in the National Register. §f|nature of the Keeper______________________________________Date of Action Des Moines Residential Growth And Development. 1900-1942: The Bungalow and Square House _ Iowa Name of Multiple Property Listing State Table of Contents for Written Narrative Page Numbers HISTORICAL CONTEXTS: .............................................................. THE ONSET AND MATURATION OF MUNICIPAL PLANNING IN DES MOINES, 1906-1942:................................ 11 THE "OWN YOUR OWN HOME" CAMPAIGN AND DES MOINES' RECORD HOME OWNERSHIP LEVEL, ........................................................» TRANSPORTATION'S ROLE IN FOSTERING AND DIRECTING RESIDENTIAL EXPANSION, 1900-1942: ........ 15 PROVIDING MODERATE COST HOUSING FOR DES MOINES RESIDENTS; THE EMERGENCE OF THE SMALL TRACT HOUSE, 1934-42:............................................................» FEDERAL HOUSING PROGRAMS AND POLICIES INFLUENCE TRACT HOUSING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION, 1932-1942: ................................................. .........^^ THE PACE AND NATURE OF DISTRICT EXPANSION ON DES MOINES' PERIPHERY, 1900-1942: .................... 20 THE ROLE OF HOUSE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND MARKETING IN FOSTERING AND INFLUENCING DES MOINES RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION AND EXPANSION, 1900-1942:......................................................... 24 THE ROLE OF A POPULAR HOUSE TYPE, THE SQUARE HOUSE, IN DES MOINES' RESIDENTIAL GROWTH AND HOME OWNERSHIP, 1904-1942:................................................................................................................................. 27 THE SQUARE/CUBE PLAN HOUSE: ............................................................................................................................................. 30 THE "HOMESTEAD HOUSE" OR FRONT-GABLED SQUARE HOUSE PLAN:.................................................................................. 34 OTHER SCHOLARLY APPROACHES TO THE SQUARE HOUSE PLAN: ........................................................................................... 35 THE HISTORICAL FOURSQUARE/SQUARE OR CUBE HOUSE LITERATURE, NATIONAL AND LOCAL: .......................................... 37 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE SQUARE HOUSE TYPE: ...........................................................................................................39 The Origin of the Square House: ......................................................................................................................................... 41 THE ROLE OF THE POPULAR COTTAGE/HOUSE TYPE, THE BUNGALOW, IN DES MOINES' RESIDENTIAL GROWTH AND HOME OWNERSHIP, 1907-1942: ............................................................................................................. 74 THE BUNGALOW AS A NATIONAL PHENOMENA IN THE AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE:.......................................................... 82 THE HISTORY OF THE BUNGALOW:........................................................................................................................................... 86 The Original Indian Bungalow, The Bungalows Spreads Throughout the Empire, and Reaches England c. c.late 18th-late 19th Century:.... .................................... ...........^^^ 86 The Early American "Bungalow": c.middle-late 19th Century: ......................................................................................... 88 The Seasonal American Bungalow: c. 1890-World War I:.................................................................................................. 90 The Bungalow Goes National, the Popular Emergence of the Bungalow, c. 1905-16:..................................................... 105 The Regional Adaptation of the Bungalow, c.1904-1907 :................................................................................................. 115 The Popular Bungalow Form Matures and Prospers, 1917-1925: ................................................................................... 127 The Bungalow Versus Other Emerging Popular House Types, The Colonial Revival Bungalow Dominates, c. 1923-1940: ................................................................................................................................................... .....^ The Final Years of the Bungalow: ..................................................................................................................................... 138 The Bungalow House Type Applied in Des Moines:.......................................................................................................... 147 THE SQUARE HOUSE PROPERTY TYPE: ....................................................................................................................... 162 III-A. HIP ROOF SQUARE/CUBIC SUBTYPE: .........................................................................................................^ 163 III-B. SIDE-GABLE SQUARE/CUBIC SUBTYPE:........................................................................................................................ 166 SUBTYPE III-C: FRONT-GABLE CUBIC FORM: ........................................................................................................................ 170 THE SQUARE HOUSE PROPERTY TYPE, SIGNIFICANCE AND REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS: ............. 173 THE BUNGALOW COTTAGE PROPERTY TYPE:.......................................................................................................... 177 I. GABLE FRONT/HIP FRONT BUNGALOW SUBTYPE:.............................................................................................. 179 I-A. Single front gable with integral full-width front porch:.............................................................................................. 181 I-B. Hip roof (narrow end to street) with integral full-width front porch:........................................................................ 183 I-C. Front gable with partly integralfull-width front porch:................................ ............................................................ 186 I-D. FRONT GABLE WITH PARTLY INTEGRAL NON-FULL-WIDTH, OFFSET FRONT PORCH: ........................................................ 188 I-E. SINGLE FRONT GABLE WITH SEPARATE FRONT PORCH: .................................................................................................. 190 I-F. ELL PLAN FORMED BY SIDEWING PORCH WHICH INCORPORATES FRONT PORCH: ......................................................... 192 I-G. "CLASSIC CALIFORNIA BUNGALOW"