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Download the Campaigns of Alexander Free Ebook
THE CAMPAIGNS OF ALEXANDER DOWNLOAD FREE BOOK Arrian, J. Hamilton, Aubrey De Selincourt | 432 pages | 28 Oct 1976 | Penguin Books Ltd | 9780140442533 | English | London, United Kingdom Wars of Alexander the Great I've also enjoyed reading the trilogy of Alexander novels by Mary Renault, which are highly imaginative but well researched. Before the noble could deal a death-blow, however, he was himself killed by Cleitus the Black. We don't start with an account of Alexander's birth and childhood, let alone his forebears or a description of his kingdom or the political The Campaigns of Alexander. For Arrian, it is Alexander's fairness, his appreciation for courage in both word and action, and his "nobility of heart" which allowed him to see in even those he conquered noble traits to be admired. Jun 11, Jeremiah Lorrig rated it it was amazing. More Details Greeks of Alexander's day knew nothing of China, or any other lands east The Campaigns of Alexander India. Revelation - And they had a king The Campaigns of Alexander them, [which is] the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the The Campaigns of Alexander tongue [is] Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath [his] name Apollyon. Rome and the Mediterranean. Many of these cities being many miles away from Macedonia. He left only a small contingent to guard The Campaigns of Alexander defile, and took his entire army to destroy the plain that lay ahead of The Campaigns of Alexander army. For they were told that the kings of the Ganderites and Praesii were awaiting them with eighty thousand horsemen, two hundred thousand footmen, eight thousand chariots, and six thousand fighting elephants. -
Imitation of Greatness: Alexander of Macedon and His Influence on Leading Romans
Imitation of Greatness: Alexander of Macedon and His Influence on Leading Romans Thomas W Foster II, McNair Scholar The Pennsylvania State University Mark Munn, Ph.D Head, Department of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies College of Liberal Arts The Pennsylvania State University Abstract This paper seeks to examine the relationship between greatness and imitation in antiquity. To do so, Alexander the Great will be compared with Romans Julius Caesar and Marcus Aurelius. The question this paper tries to answer concerns leading Romans and the idea of imitating Alexander the Great and how this affected their actions. It draws upon both ancient sources and modern scholarship. It differs from both ancient and modern attempts at comparison in distinct ways, however. This paper contains elements of the following: historiography, biography, military history, political science, character study, religion and socio-cultural traditions. Special attention has been given to the socio-cultural differences of the Greco-Roman world. Comparing multiple eras allows for the establishment of credible commonalities. These commonalities can then be applied to different eras up to and including the modern. Practically, these traits allow us to link these men of antiquity, both explicitly and implicitly. Beginning with Plutarch in the 1st/2nd century CE1, a long historical tradition of comparing great men was established. Plutarch chose to compare Alexander the Great to Julius Caesar. The reasons for such a comparison are quite obvious. Both men conquered swaths of land, changed the balance of power in the Mediterranean and caused many to either love them or plot to kill them. Scholars have assessed this comparison continuously. -
Alexander's Campaign Across the Hindu Kush: Genealogy And
CONFERENCE ALEXANDER, THE GREEK COSMOS - SYSTEM AND CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL SOCIETY www.academy.edu.gr Alexander’s campaign across the Hindu Kush: Genealogy and political history of his Successors ΙMTIAZ KHAN, Master Degree in Archaeology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan, PhD Candidate in Ar- chaeology, Department of History and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Ioannina. Pakistan Email: [email protected] Introduction: Often a question arises that what were the motives, which complied Alexander the great to launch the tough- est expedition of his career across the Hindu Kush? It might be his zeal to become invincible likes his ideal Achilles or there were some political reasons i.e. the Gandhara and some India regions were the part of Per- sian Empire and they also fought against Greeks with Persian army. Whatever motives were behind this great expedition but it left everlasting impact on Indo-Pakistan political, cultural and art history. Hellenism pene- trated in such a manner that there is not even a single aspect of Indo-Pakistan history, and culture where we cannot trace the Greek influences. Though, a great deal of research work has been done on the Greek impact on the Indo-Pak art and architectures but only a few scholars try to trace the cultural links between Greek and Indo-Pakistan. Besides art and architectures, we can also observer Greek impact on the languages and folk art of Pakistan. Even in present days a number of Greek words still survive in the languages spoken in Khy- ber Pakhtunkhwa. Pushtuns, Pakhtuns or Pukhtuns the largest ethnic group of north Pakistan and the Kalasha tribe still dance in circle like Greek. -
The Great Cities in History Pdf, Epub, Ebook
THE GREAT CITIES IN HISTORY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK John Julius Norwich | 304 pages | 12 Apr 2010 | Thames & Hudson Ltd | 9780500251546 | English | London, United Kingdom The Great Cities in History PDF Book Main article: Personal relationships of Alexander the Great. We have compiled a list of the most historical cities around the world that are still inhabited. I should start with the positives: each entry is interesting, well written and prese This book is a very brief introduction to 70! Rufus, Quintus Curtius. Further information: Siege of Gaza. New York: Routledge. Studies concerning Epirus and Macedonia before Alexander. A city- state of the once-burgeoning ancient Greece , Athens played a critical role in shaping philosophy, drama, literature, and science. In popular culture, the British heavy metal band Iron Maiden included a song titled "Alexander the Great" on their album Somewhere in Time. Alexander IV Heracles of Macedon alleged illegitimate son. From Pamphylia onwards the coast held no major ports and Alexander moved inland. Feb 21, Lawrence Patterson rated it really liked it Shelves: history. With an advance reservation, you can also step into the crown of Lady Liberty to see a truly stunning view of New York. Some of the first and most influential figurative portrayals of the Buddha appeared at this time, perhaps modelled on Greek statues of Apollo in the Greco-Buddhist style. He never lost a battle, despite typically being outnumbered. Apart from a few inscriptions and fragments, texts written by people who actually knew Alexander or who gathered information from men who served with Alexander were all lost. -
Companion Cavalry and the Macedonian Heavy Infantry
THE ARMY OP ALEXANDER THE GREAT %/ ROBERT LOCK IT'-'-i""*'?.} Submitted to satisfy the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in the School of History in the University of Leeds. Supervisor: Professor E. Badian Date of Submission: Thursday 14 March 1974 IMAGING SERVICES NORTH X 5 Boston Spa, Wetherby </l *xj 1 West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ. * $ www.bl.uk BEST COPY AVAILABLE. TEXT IN ORIGINAL IS CLOSE TO THE EDGE OF THE PAGE ABSTRACT The army with which Alexander the Great conquered the Persian empire was "built around the Macedonian Companion cavalry and the Macedonian heavy infantry. The Macedonian nobility were traditionally fine horsemen, hut the infantry was poorly armed and badly organised until the reign of Alexander II in 369/8 B.C. This king formed a small royal standing army; it consisted of a cavalry force of Macedonian nobles, which he named the 'hetairoi' (or Companion]! cavalry, and an infantry body drawn from the commoners and trained to fight in phalangite formation: these he called the »pezetairoi» (or foot-companions). Philip II (359-336 B.C.) expanded the kingdom and greatly increased the manpower resources for war. Towards the end of his reign he started preparations for the invasion of the Persian empire and levied many more Macedonians than had hitherto been involved in the king's wars. In order to attach these men more closely to himself he extended the meaning of the terms »hetairol» and 'pezetairoi to refer to the whole bodies of Macedonian cavalry and heavy infantry which served under him on his campaigning. -
Macedonians Impact on Eurasia by Walter S
Macedonians Impact on Eurasia By Walter S. Zapotoczny Jr. Philip II developed the Macedonian art of war after he came to power in 359 B.C. This art of war allowed him to conquer the Greek city-states. His force was based on a combination of the phalanx with cavalry and light troops, which protected it from the flank attack and which could themselves easily develop an outflanking movement against the enemy. His son, Alexander, perfected this art of war and, in the course of his conquests, had a significant impact on Eurasia, not only through conquest but subsequently by trade and cultural interaction. In 335 B.C., Alexander's army crossed the Hellespont with about 42,000 soldiers. After an initial victory against Persian forces at the Battle of Granicus, Alexander accepted the surrender of the Persian provincial capital and treasury of Sardis and proceeded down the Ionian coast. At Halicarnassus, Alexander successfully waged the first of many sieges, eventually forcing his opponents, the mercenary captain Memnon of Rhodes and the Persian satrap of Caria, Orontobates, to withdraw by sea. Alexander left Caria in the hands of Ada, who was ruler of Caria before being deposed by her brother Pixodarus. From Halicarnassus, Alexander proceeded into mountainous Lycia and the Pamphylian plain, asserting control over all coastal cities and denying them to his enemy. From Pamphylia onward, the coast held no major ports and so Alexander moved inland. At Termessus, Alexander humbled but did not storm the Pisidian city. Alexander's army crossed the Cilician Gates, met and defeated the main Persian army under the command of Darius III at the Battle of Issus in 333 B.C. -
Alexander the Great in Macedonian Folk Traditions Guendalina Daniela Maria Taietti University of Liverpool
ISSN: 2519-1268 Issue 8 (Spring 2019), pp. 69-93 DOI: 10.6667/interface.8.2019.77 Alexander the Great in Macedonian folk traditions guendalina daniela maria taietti University of Liverpool Abstract This paper focuses on the figure of Alexander the Great in a set of Macedonian folk traditions circulating in Northern Greece in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Macedonian Al- exander-folk traditions represent a peculiar set among the other Hellenic folk accounts, because they convey chiefly the idea of familiarity with the hero, who seems to be still living and influ- encing the people’s everyday life. This bond – almost a mutual ownership between Alexander and the Macedonians – is in fact constantly highlighted by the choice of the themes treated, such as the attribution of monuments to the great conqueror and the use of his historical and mythical persona to explain local customs, features of the landscape, or toponyms. Moreover, (pseudo-)aetiologies, etymologies, and/or descriptions of facts of local interest populate these narratives which, according to their content and purpose, are here grouped into two main cate- gories, geographical and aetiological, and into two subcategories, geographico-aetiological and aetiologico-mythological. The aim here is confined to the discussion, the categorisation, and the translation into English of the Macedonian Alexander-traditions; I hope that this paper will make this notable and lively material accessible to a wider public and help the preservation of its memory. Keywords: Alexander the Great; Classical Reception; Reception Studies; Hellenic Folklore; Macedonian Folklore © Guendalina Daniela Maria Taietti This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. -
The Ancient World
The Ancient World Part I: Eastern Hellenism and Related Subjects: Greece, the Black Sea Region, Caucasus, Western- & Central Asia, the Indus Valley & India Mostly from the library of Professor Paul Bernard (Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan), including the library of Dr. Oscar White Muscarella (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York) and completions from the libraries of Professors Philip Kohl (Wellesley College), Louis Flam (Lehman College, City University of New York), and Maurizio Tosi (Università statale Bologna-Ravenna). 3014 titles in ca. 3,550 physical volumes BERNARD Paul - Paul BERNARD, Académicien, helléniste, archéologue... http://www.aibl.fr/membres/academiciens-depuis-1663/article/bernard-p... Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres Accueil du site > Membres > Académiciens BERNARD Paul Sommaire Spécialisation Carrière Principales publications Vidéo Entretien Articles en ligne sur Persée Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur ; Officier de l’Ordre national du Mérite ; Commandeur dans l’Ordre des Palmes académiques ; Officier de l’Ordre des Arts et Lettres (Saint-Maxime, Var, le 13 juin 1929) Élu, le 31 janvier 1992, membre ordinaire de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, au fauteuil d’André CHASTEL. Décédé à Meulan-en-Yvelines, le 1 er décembre 2015. Spécialisation HELLÉNISTE [civilisations de l’Orient hellénisé (Asie centrale), archéologie grecque et orientale (notamment fouilles de Thasos, Aï Khanoum et Samarkand), épigraphie grecque, numismatique gréco- bactrienne, histoire de l’art gréco-oriental (architecture, sculpture), iconographie, histoire urbaine (Aï Khanoum), géographie historique (Bactriane)]. Carrière 1951. École Normale Supérieure. - 1954. Agrégé de grammaire. - 1958-1961. Membre de l’École française d’Athènes. - 1961-1965. Pensionnaire à l’Institut français d’Archéologie du Proche-Orient à Beyrouth. -
The Religiosity of Alexander Edmunds, Lowell Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Fall 1971; 12, 3; Proquest Pg
The Religiosity of Alexander Edmunds, Lowell Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Fall 1971; 12, 3; ProQuest pg. 363 The Religiosity of Alexander Lowell Edmunds ETWEEN THE TIME when Alexander crosses the Hellespont with Bhis army (334 B.C.) and the time of the invasion of India (327 B.C.), the nature of his enterprise obviously changes. To the extent that this change is not merely the result of external circum stances, it is a change in Alexander himself. The attempt to connect such an inner change with one event is intriguing but futile. It is better to look for a period in which various events all indicate that Alexander has formed a new plan or is embarking on a plan already formed but as yet unrevealed. "An acknowledged turning-point" in the reign of Alexander is the execution of Alexander's friend, Philotas, which was soon followed by the assassination ofPhilotas' father, Parmenio.1 This turning-point in fact suggests a period, the year 330 B.C., in which a general alteration in the campaign becomes apparent. The Graeco Macedonian phase of the campaign ends, and what I should like to call the heroic phase begins. The heroism of Alexander, his belief in and emulation of mythical heroes, is an aspect of his religiosity, a matter that has been overlooked or underestimated in much recent scholar ship on Alexander. I. The Year 330 B.C. Until 330 B.C., Alexander's own aims and the stated aims of the campaign in Asia had not come into open conflict. Alexander was his father's successor as TjY€JLwv of the Greek (or Corinthian) League (Arr. -
Alexander Married Two Persian Wives – One Was the Daughter of Darius and the Other Was the Daughter of Darius’ Rival, Ochus
Alexander the Great, 356 – 323 BC Key sources: Source Period Aims and agenda Key proBlems Views on Alexander Plutarch Lived Wrote the ‘Parallel Lives’ Plutarch wrote ‘biography, not Overall, AD 46 – comparing famous Greeks history’. Plutarch is AD 120 to Romans. positive More concerned with character over about Each ‘Life’ comparison political and military achievements. Alexander. attempted to give a moral lesson. Plutarch did not write in great detail – he states that he will ‘merely Alexander was compared summarise’ Alexander’s life. to Julius Caesar. Plutarch highlighted supernatural events and dreams as omens. Plutarch was a priest at the important Temple of Apollo at Delphi. Arrian Lived Arrian was a Greek and felt Wrote much later than Alexander’s Positive approx. that Alexander’s life. about AD 86 – achievements had not Alexander – AD 146 been recorded well enough Used positive sources of information viewed him by historians. for his coverage of Alexander with (Ptolemy and AristoBulus) which do ‘ungrudging Arrian wanted to preserve not survive so we cannot check admiration’. and celebrate Alexander. Arrian is being accurate. Arrian had political and Arrian mostly excuses Alexander’s military experience under more negative deeds. the Roman emperor, Hadrian. However, Arrian does sometimes criticise Alexander’s actions. Factual and chronological style, e.g. in descriptions of battles Interest in strategy and tactics as a military historian Diodorus Wrote the ‘LiBrary of Diodorus’ work is incomplete. History’ Between 60 and 30 BC. Wrote much later than Alexander. Like Plutarch, Diodorus was Diodorus used an older historian a moralist – he hoped that (Ephorus) for his information whose readers would learn a work does not survive. -
Alexander the Great: Lessons in Strategy
Alexander the Great This book offers a strategic analysis of one of the most outstanding military careers in history, identifying the most pertinent strategic lessons from the cam- paigns of Alexander the Great. David Lonsdale argues that since the core principles of strategy are eternal, the study and analysis of historical examples have value to the modern theorist and practitioner. Furthermore, as strategy is so complex and challenging, the remarkable career of Alexander provides the ideal opportunity to understand best practice in strategy, as he achieved outstanding and continuous success across the spectrum of warfare, in a variety of circumstances and environments. This book presents the thirteen most pertinent lessons that can be learned from his campaigns, dividing them into three categories: grand strategy, military operations, and use of force. Each of these categories provides lessons pertinent to the modern strategic environment. Ultimately, however, the book argues that the dominant factor in his success was Alexander himself, and that it was his own characteristics as a strategist that allowed him to overcome the complexities of strategy and achieve his expansive goals. This book will be of great interest to students of Strategic Studies, Military History and Ancient History. David J. Lonsdale is Lecturer in Strategic Studies at the University of Hull. He is author of two previous books. Strategy and history Series editors: Colin Gray and Williamson Murray This new series will focus on the theory and practice of strategy. Following Clausewitz, strategy has been understood to mean the use made of force, and the threat of the use of force, for the ends of policy. -
Alexander and His Successors in Central Asia
ISBN 978-92-3-102846-5 ALEXANDER AND HIS SUCCESSORS. 3 ALEXANDER AND HIS SUCCESSORS IN CENTRAL ASIA* A. H. Dani and P. Bernard Contents ALEXANDER’S CAMPAIGN IN CENTRAL ASIA ................. 66 Alexander’s motivation ................................. 67 Alexander’s main task and its result .......................... 68 The murder of Darius .................................. 68 The fall of Aria and Arachosia ............................. 69 The capture of Bessus .................................. 70 Resistance in Bactria and its suppression ........................ 70 The conquest of Transoxania .............................. 71 Alexander’s allies from the Indus region ........................ 72 Alexander’s route to the Indus ............................. 72 The battle with the Aspasians .............................. 73 Fight with the Assacenians ............................... 74 The capture of Aornos ................................. 77 Alexander and Taxila .................................. 78 Alexander and Porus .................................. 80 Alexander’s retreat ................................... 81 Alexander fights his way to the South ......................... 83 Alexander marches back across Baluchistan ...................... 84 Alexander’s last days .................................. 86 THE SELEUCIDS IN CENTRAL ASIA ........................ 87 * See Map 2. 65 ISBN 978-92-3-102846-5 ALEXANDER’S CAMPAIGN. Alexander’s death and its aftermath ........................... 87 Mauryas and Central Asia ...............................