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Mar.12Sp.Issue Inside J. KAU: Mar. Sci., vol.Pseudoplagioporus 12, Special Issue, interruptos pp. 175-188 Durio... (1421 A.H. / 2001 A.D.) 175 Pseudoplagioporus interruptus Durio and Manter, 1968 and Hamacreadium agyptia sp. n. (Trematoda: Opecoeliidae) from the Red Sea Fish in Egypt NAHED EL. Abdou,*RICHARD A. HECKMANN, SAMIR M. BELTAGY and **AMEEN A. ASHOUR Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, *Department of Zoology, WIDB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT. USA; and **Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt ABSTRACT. The present investigation includes a description of two species of trema- todes, Hamacreadium egyptia sp. n. and Pseudoplagioporus interruptus Durio and Manter, infecting two fish species, Lethrinus nebulosus Forsskål, 1775 and L. mahse- na Forsskål, 1775 (Family: Lethrinidae ) in the Red Sea. Both trematodes were de- scribed from Egypt for the first time. Fish samples were collected during the period from February to November, 1993. A total of 103 Lethrinidae fishes were examined, the rate of infection was 25%. In Lethrinus nebulosus, 24% were found infected, with the highest prevalence during summer (28%). In case of L. mahsena, 32% were found infected with the highest infection rate during spring (58%). A full description is giv- en to the trematodes using both light and scanning electron microscopy. KEY WORDS: Helminth parasites, Digenetic trematodes, Ultrastructure, Helminth Preva- lence, Red Sea. Introduction In Egypt the first record of Pseudoplagioporus nebulosae (Nagaty and Abdel Aal, 1969) was from The genus Pseudoplagioporus was created by Ya- Lethrinus nebulosus in the Red Sea. Moreover, two maguti (1938) who reported the following morpho- other species of Pseudoplagioporus ''P. microchis logical characters of this genus: This group of Yamaguti 1942 and P. yamagutii Ramadan (1979)'' trematode has a submedian ovary, lying between were also recorded from the Red Sea fishes L. hae- the two testes; occasionally opposite to the anterior matoperus; L. mehsena, L. nebulosus; L. sp.; Mal- testis. Oral sucker and pharynx are well developed. las sp. and Serranus sp., by Ramadan (1979). Genital pore lies sinistral to pharynx or oesopha- gus and vitellaria extend in lateral fields in the Linton established the genus Hamacreadium in bifurco-acetabular zone. The type species of this 1910 for trematodes having oblique testes, preace- genus is Pseudoplagioporus lethrini Yamaguti tabular cirrus pouch, lobulated ovary and caeca ter- (1938) infecting the fish Lethrinus haematopterus minating at the posterior end of the body. He de- from the Pacific coast of Japan and Naha region in scribed H. mutabile from Neomaenis grisens and Ryukyu island. N. apodus (cited in Ramadan, 1983). 175 176 N.E. Abdou et al. Hamacreadium diacopac (Nagati et al., 1962) Results and Discussion from Diacope falviflama and H. khalili (Ramadan, Pseudoplagioporus interruptus Durio and Mant- 1983) from Lethrinus mahsena and L. nebulosus er, 1968 are two other species of Hamacreadium described from Red Sea fishes. Five worms, were collected from the alimentary tracts of fish Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775) Materials and Methods and Lethrinus mahsena (Forsskål, 1775). All measurements in mm. Specimens collected for the present study were purchased from fishermen working in the area of Description Hurghada City. Samples were obtained during 4 visits to the area. Each visit took 4 weeks and the Light microscopy: The trematode worms are schedule was arranged to consider different sea- orange in colour, elongated in shape and range sonal changes over the year (1993) and the time of from 6.0 to 7.0 (6.5) long by 1.3 to 1.5 (1.4) wide. maximal fishing activity. Both ends of the trematode are rounded with slight- ly notched posterior border. All collected samples were taken immediately to the Gohar Laboratory in the same city for study. Rounded Oral sucker is lying subterminal, and Fishs were identified, weighed, measured and measuring 0.24 to 0.32 (0.27) in length by 0.26 to sexed after dissection 0.39 (0.33) in width. The ventral sucker is located at the end of the first third of the body, measuring For Light Microscopy: The parasites were put 0.45 to 0.62 (0.55) in length and 0.39 to 0.68 (0.53) in between two glass slides with a drop of 70% al- in width; numerous characteristic muscle fibers are cohol until they relaxed. After washing with dis- present on both sides of the ventral sucker (Plate 1, tilled water, each specimen was stained in aceto- Fig. 1)Æ They are organized in a radial shape. carmine for 15 min, differentiated in 70% acid- alcohol, dehydrated, and cleaned in clove oil. Pharynx is well developed and followed by a Specimens were mounted on glass slides in Cana- long oesophagus. Intestinal arch is wide and intes- da balsam, covered with thin cover slips and dried tinal caeca are unequal in length. One of the two in an oven at 40ºC. Specimens were drawn by intestinal caeca ends close to the excretory pore, using camera lucida. All measurements were pre- while the other branch is shorter and ends 0.2 from sented in millimeters (mm). the excretory pore. For scanning electron microscopy, another Genitalia composed of 2 diagonal Testes with ir- group of parasites were washed in 0.7% saline so- regular outlines situated intercecal nearly at the lution and fixed in 7% formalin until transferred to middle of the fluke. Their lengths range from 0.27 the Electron Microscope laboratory of Brigham to 0.50 (0.41) and 0.22 to 0.42 (0.37) in width. The Young University, Provo-Utah. In the laboratory, Cirrus sac appears swollen posteriorly and gets each specimen was washed 6 times with sodium narrower anteriorly and terminates in the genital cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2), then fixed in osmium pore. Genital pore is located on the left side just behind the intestinal bifurcation. tetroxide (OsO4) for 2 hr. The fixed samples were washed in buffer solution, then fixed again in Ovary is lobulated, intercecal, lying in the mid- OsO4 for 12 hr. Re-washing in a solution of cacod- dle of the body. Ovary ranges in length from 0.19 ylate buffer was then done, and immersion of sam- to 0.25 (0.23) and 0.28 to 0.32 (30) in width. Vitel- ples into 2% tannic acid for 8 hr was ensued (Mu- line glands are numerous and extend in two groups rakami, 1977). Before the final step of fixation in on both lateral sides of the fluke, at the level just OsO4 for 2 hr, samples were washed in cacodylate posterior to the testes, the vitelline glands appear as buffer again. The samples were dehydrated in a extra – and interacecal bands on both sides of the graded series of ethanol, critical point dried, body, with few of such glands overlap the intesti- mounted on stubs and coated with gold. The sam- nal caeca. The vitelline glands extend anteriorly to ples were observed with a high resolution scanning the level of intestinal bifurcation and posteriorly to electron microscope (Joel 6100). the posterior extremity of the fluke. Each vitelline Pseudoplagioporus interruptos Durio... 177 Plates (1 and 2) Pseudoplagioporus interruptus Durio and Manter, 1968. Plate (1): Fig. 1-2. Light microscopy: FIG. 1. Light microscope drawing of the fluke showing oral sucker S, pharynx G, intestinal secum n, ventral sucker V, radial muscles F, testes T, ovary O, vitelline glands Vg, egg E, genital pore R, and excretory pore ExÆ FIG. 2. Light microscope image of the fluke. Plate (1): Fig. 3-6. Scanning electron microscope images: FIG. 3. Whole body of the fluke. Oral sucker O, ventral sucker V, and excretory pore ExÆ FIG. 4. High magnification image of oral sucker showing the distribution of papillae on the tegument of the lip and around the sucker. FIG. 5. High magnification of the square area in Plate 4 showing the tegumental papillae P. FIG. 6. Transverse section of the fluke through the uterus showing eggs EÆ 178 N.E. Abdou et al. gland is oval to elongate in shape and their sizes Scanning electron microscopy: A scanning elec- range from 0.07 to 0.09 (0.07) in length and 0.05 to tron microscopy of the tegument revealed that sur- 0.07 (0.06) in width. Two narrow longitudinal vi- face of the fluke is covered with a rather smooth, telline ducts extend on both sides of the intestinal unarmed tegument. The genital pore is situated at caeca and another middle transverse vitelline duct the mid-distance between the oral and ventral suck- ers. In a transverse section of the fluke at the level is clearly visible (Plate 2 Fig. 1 and 2). of the uterus (Plate 1 Fig. 3). In all cases, Eggs are numerous, fill the uterus, On and around the oral sucker the tegument has which extend anteriorly from the middle vitelline numerous large papillae which have no special ar- duct to the level of ventral sucker. Groups of egg rangement (Plate 1 Fig. 4). At high magnification, measuring 0.06 to 0.08 (0.07) in length and 0.04 in these papillae appear lobulated and measuring 10 width (Plate 1 Fig. 1 and 2). to 15 µm in width (Plate 1 Fig. 5). The tegument of Plate (2) Scanning Electron Microscope Images (continued). FIG. 7. High magnification of the body tegument showing the presence of pores (arrows). FIG. 8. High magnification of the surface of the ventral sucker showing Cobblestone-like processes. Pseudoplagioporus interruptos Durio... 179 the ventral sucker reveals cobblestone-like cyto- The present fluke appears different from P. in- plasmic processes (Plate 2 Fig. 8). On the dorsal terruptus, which had been redescribed by Grabda- surface of the fluke, minute pits are found scat- Kazubska (1980) from fish Grenidens indicus in tered in a regular pattern (Plate 2 Fig.
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