82 to 95 by 49 to 60

JANUARY, 1965] 63

Academician K. I. Skrjabin. [Helminths of TdMBALUK, A. K., AND B. A. L.EONOV. 1963. man, animals and plants, and their control.] [Two new species of trematodes from diving (In Russian.) ducks of Kamchatka.] (In Russian.) Trudy STUNKARD, H. W. 1962. New intermediate host Gelmintol. Lab. Akad. Nauk SSSR 13: 216- for Parvatrema borealis Stunkarcl and Uzmann, 219. 1958 (Trematoda). J. Parasitol. 48: 157. ZELIKMAN, E. A. 1953. [On the life cycle of a , AND J. R. UZMANN. 1958. Studies on bird trematode, Gymnophallus affinis Jameson digenetic trematodes of the genera Gymno- and Nicoll, 1913.] (In Russian.) Doklad. phallus and Parvatrema. Biol. Bull. 115: 276- Akad. Nauk SSSR 91: 989-992. 302. YAMAGUTI, S. 1939. Studies on the helminth SZIDAT, L. 1962. tiber eine Ungewohnlicke Form fauna of Japan. Part 25. Trematodes of Parthenogenetischer Vermehrung bei Meta- birds. IV. Jap. J. Zool. 8: 129-210. eercarien einer Gymnophallus-Art aus Mytilus . 1958. Systema helminthum. Vol. I. platensis, Gymnophallus australis n. sp. des The digenetic trematodes of vertebrates. In- Sudatlantik. Z. f. Parasit. 22: 196-213. terscience Publ., N. Y. and London.

Digenetic Trematodes of Fishes from North Borneo (Malaysia)1

JACOB H. FISCHTHAL AND ROBERT E. KuNTZ2

The trematodes of this report were part of eaux, 1947; Arthurloossia loossi Nagaty, 1954; a collection of parasites made by the junior H. loossi (Nagaty, 1954) Yamaguti, 1958. author while a member of the U. S. Naval HOSTS: Siganus oramin, S. giittatus (Sigan- Medical Research Unit No. 2, Taipei, Taiwan. idae); Caesio erythrogaster (Lutjanidae). Parasites were washed in saline, killed in hot HABITATS: Stomach and small intestine. water, and transferred immediately to FAA LOCALITY: Jesselton, North Borneo. fixative. After 4-8 hours they were stored in DATES: 29 August 1960 (C. erythrogaster); 70% alcohol plus 2% glycerine. Staining was 30 September 1960 (Siganus spp.). variable, and all were mounted in balsam. SPECIMENS: U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 60067 Measurements are in microns. (three slides with one specimen each from S. oramin); No. 60068 (three slides with one FAMILY ANGIODICTYIDAE specimen each from S. giittatus); No. 60069 Hexangium sigani Goto and Ozaki, 1929 (two slides with one specimen each from C. SYNONYMS: Hexangium affinum Tubangui erythrogaster). and Masilungan, 1944; H. seciindum Anner- MEASUREMENTS OF EIGHT SPECIMENS: Body 3,004 to 4,602 by 982 to 1,427; preoral body 1 Contribution from the Department of Biology, Harpur College, State University of New York, Binghamton (J. H. 22 to 40 long; oral sucker 213 to 307 by 228 Fischthal). to 340; prepharynx 184 to 419 long; pharynx " Present address of R. E. Kuntz: Parasitology Depart- ment, U. S. Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, 144 to 265 by 147 to 206; right testis 430 to Maryland. 644 by 414 to 537, distance to posterior body This study was supported in part by funding under Pub- lic Law 480, Section 104(c). The opinions and assertions end 206 to 460; left testis 430 to 613 by 350 herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed to 591, distance to posterior body end 305 as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. to 721; cirrus sac 51 to 85 by 63 to 99; oral The authors are indebted to Dr. Robert F. Inger, Curator of Reptiles, and Dr. Lorcn P. Woods, Curator of Fishes, sucker to genital pore 133 to 331; ovary 166 Chicago Natural History Museum, for host identifications; to 262 by 180 to 269, distance to posterior to Wootlrow Bistline, HMC, USN, and Mr. Ching-tsong Lo, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, for technical body end 236 to 314; oral sucker to beginning assistance in processing and examination of hosts; to Miss Janet E. Brown, Associate Librarian, Harpur College, for of vitellaria 614 to 1,150; 30 eggs measuring obtaining interlibrary loans; and to Dr. George R. LaRue 82 to 95 by 49 to 60. and Dr. Allen Mclntosh, Beltsville Parasitological Labora- tory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, for comments on DISCUSSION: Five specimens were collected the specimen of Mesocoelium. Mr. Henry Holland, Di- rector, Kepayan Veterinary Station, Jesselton, provided lab- from S. oramin, ten from S. giittatus, and two oratory facilities for the NAMRU field party, and Mr. G. L. from C. erythrogaster; the latter two hosts rep- Carson, Conservator of Forests, Sandakan, has been helpful in providing permits for the collection of vertebrates. resent new records. Fischthal and Kuntz (1964)

Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE [VOL. 32, No. 1 reviewed this species, noting its presence in a akaara from Japan), from the latter in the variety of fish hosts from Philippines, Celebes, position of the esophageal swelling next to the Red Sea, and Madagascar. cecal bifurcation. The form described by Nagaty (1948) as B. claviformis from Epineph- FAMILY BIVESICULIDAE elus fasciatus (syn. Serranus f.) from the Bivesicula claviformis Yamaguti, 1934 Red Sea resembles B. epinepheli as described by Yamaguti (1938, 1939) in possessing an HOST: Epinephelus fasciatus (Serranidae). esophageal swelling next to the cecal bifurca- HABITAT: Small intestine. tion. However, the vitelline follicles are con- LOCALITY: Jesselton, North Borneo. fluent anteriorly as for B. claviformis. Yama- DATE: 30 September 1960. guti (1958), Skrjabin and Sobolev (1961), and SPECIMENS: U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 60070 Manter (1961) apparently accepted Nagaty's (three specimens on two slides). allocation of his specimens. Examination of MEASUREMENTS AND SOME PERTINENT DATA one of Manter's (1961) specimens of B. clavi- (based on three specimens): Body 1,040 to formis from Epinephelus merra from Fiji 1,510 by 645 to 680; oral sucker and acetab- (U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 39450) indicated ulum lacking; pharynx 140 to 201 by 172 to similar characteristics as herein noted for 218; muscular esophageal swelling next to phar- Nagaty's specimens. Whether B. epinepheli ynx; testis 182 to 235 by 181 to 290; cirrus sac is a synonym of B. claviformis cannot be ascer- 242 to 336 by 201 to 266; internal seminal tained until the significance of the position of vesicle 88 to 160 by 77 to 167; ovary 136 to the esophageal swelling and the separation or 142 by 125 to 194; vitelline follicles confluent confluence of the vitelline follicles anteriorly anteriorly; 15 eggs (some partially collapsed) is determined from a study of a larger series measuring 76 to 82 by 37 to 55. of specimens; especially valuable would be a DISCUSSION: This form was described as the knowledge of their life histories. type species of the genus by Yamaguti (1934) from Seriola quinqueradiata (Carangidae) and FAMILY HEMIURIDAE Parapristipoma trilineatum (Pomadasyidae) Erilepturus platycephali (Yamaguti, 1934) from Japan. In the key to the species of Manter and Pritchard, 1960 (Fig. 1) Bivesicula. given by Skrjabin and Sobolev (1961) our specimens keyed to B. claviformis. SYNONYMS: Ectenurus platycephali Yama- In the key given by Cable and Nahhas (1962) guti, 1934; Uterovesiculurus platycephali (Ya- our specimens keyed to a choice between B. maguti, 1934) Skrjabin and Guschanskaja, claviformis and B. epinepheli Yamaguti, 1938, 1954. but we could not make a definite allocation HOST: Platycephalus indicus (Platycephal- inasmuch as the characteristics presented were idae). too variable. The widths of the cirrus sac and HABITATS: Stomach and small intestine. testis are dependent in great part upon the LOCALITY: Jesselton, North Borneo. body size of the specimens studied, and B. DATE: 29 August 1960. epinepheli generally was represented by larger SPECIMENS: U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 60071 worms. Additionally, in Yamaguti's illustrations (two slides). of these species the cirrus sac overlapped the MEASUREMENTS AND SOME PERTINENT DATA midlevel of the body, and its level could (based on two specimens mounted in lateral readily vary according to the extent of body view; measurements are length by depth): contraction. Body 1,925 to 2,905 by 730 to 1,500; ecsoma Le Zotte (1954) and Cable and Nahhas retracted except for pointed tip in one; oral (1962) indicated that the oral sucker in sucker 192 to 295 by 133 to 247, ncctabulum Bivesicula actually was the pharynx, and the 380 to 725 by 270 to 660, sucker length ratio so-called pharynx a muscular swelling of the 1 : 1.98 to 2.46; glandular pit lying dorsal to esophagus. Yamaguti (1934) noted a mus- oral sucker or to latter and pharynx, 169 to cular esophageal swelling next to the pharynx 242 by 85 to 167, large gland cells in single in B. claviformis and (1938) separated a new layer with large vacuole displacing nucleus and species, B. epinepheli (from Epinephelus cytoplasm against cell membrane; pharynx 92

Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington JANUARY, 1965] HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 65 to 133 by 82 to 143; testes (in smaller speci- part of ovary and posterior end of seminal men) 245 in diameter; seminal vesicle (in one) vesicle dorsally; Laurer's canal present; vitel- 270 by 142, muscular, thick walled, dorsal to laria commencing at level of posterior margin acetabulum; proximal portion of pars prostatica of acetabulum, confluent posttesticular; vitel- (in one) 210 by 18, distal portion inflated into line reservoir distinct, transversely elongate, vesicle 123 to 205 by 54 to 80 and surrounded postovarian, 82 to 106 by 98 to 158; 8 partially by dense mass of prostate cells; hermaphro- collapsed eggs measuring 85 to 93 by 55 to ditic duct 315 to 460 by 19 to 27; sinus sac 68; lymph vessels conspicuous laterally an- 230 to 336 by 70 to 111 proximally and 30 terior to vitellaria, hidden where latter present. to 31 distally; ovary (in smaller specimen) DISCUSSION: Yamaguti (1953) described this 296 by 202; uterine vesicle 73 to 135 by 101 to species from Synagris taeniopterits from Cel- 135; 15 eggs measuring 15 to 19 by 10 to 11. ebes. Our specimens showed a distinct pre- DISCUSSION: This species has been described oral body, a definite vitelline reservoir, and by Yamaguti (1934, 1938) from the same host eyespot pigment, and the testes lacked lateral species from Japan. No mention was made of indentations. Yamaguti indicated that the sem- a dorsal, glandular pit. Velasquez (1962) re- inal vesicle extended to near the ovary, being viewed the status of the genus. separated from the latter by the seminal receptacle, whereas in our specimens the seminal FAMILY LEPOCREADIIDAE vesicle overlapped both the ovary and seminal Apocreadium synagris Yamaguti, 1953 receptacle. Although Yamaguti noted and illus- trated acetabular and preacetabular vitelline HOST: Scolopsis margaritifer (Pomadasyidae). follicles in some specimens, he stated that in HABITAT: Small intestine. others the follicles commenced postacetabular. LOCALITY: Jesselton, North Borneo. Skrjabin (1959) reviewed the genus Apo- DATE: 30 September 1960. creadium Manter, 1937, giving a key to the SPECIMENS: U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 60072 species which is not entirely workable for (two slides). A. synagris inasmuch as it stated that the MEASUREMENTS AND SOME PERTINENT DATA vitellaria commenced anterior to the acetab- (based on two specimens): Body 3,711 to ulum or at its level. 4,417 by 1,235 to 1,327; spines apparently lost; preoral body distinct, 13 to 22 long; forebody Neoapocreadium malaysiae n. sp. (Fig. 2) 690 to 958, hindbody 2,569 to 3,014, ratio HOSTS: Scolopsis margaritifer (Pomadasyi- 1 : 3.15 to 3.72; posttesticular space 1,618 to dae); Scams fasciatus (Scaridae). 1,779, ratio to hindbody 1 : 1.59 to 1.69; eye- HABITAT: Small intestine. spot pigment scattered between oral sucker and LOCALITY: Jesselton, North Borneo. acetabulum; oral sucker 291 to 305 by 305 to DATES: 29 August 1960 (S. fasciatus); 30 318; acetabulum 445 to 452 by 468 to 498, September 1960 (S. margaritifer). at level of about anterior body fourth; sucker SPECIMENS: U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 60073 length ratio 1 : 1.46 to 1.55; prepharynx 46 (one slide of holotype and two with one para- to 95 long; pharynx 141 to 144 by 155 to type each from S. margaritifer); No. 60074 176, three-lobed in front; esophagus 74 to 99 (one paratype from S. fasciatus). long; cecal bifurcation 81 to 191 preacetabular; DIAGNOSIS (based on four specimens, two anterior testis 335 to 357 by 328 to 379; pos- measured): Body 2,449 to 3,160 by 744 to terior testis 372 to 480 by 324 to 335; acetab- 1,211, width nearly uniform but varying with ulum to anterior testis 276 to 399, to posterior state of contraction, ends rounded, spined but testis 522 to 744; vasa efferentia opening side most lost. Preoral body 11 to 16 long. Fore- by side into seminal vesicle; latter 213 to 276 body 549 to 878, hindbody 1,577 to 1,864, by 122 to 150, extending 132 to 147 postace- ratio 1 : 2.12 to 2.87; posttesticular space 579 tabular to overrlap anteromedian part of ovary to 713, ratio to hindbody 1 : 2.55 to 2.61. clorsally and midlength of seminal receptacle Eyespot pigment scattered from oral sucker to ventrally; ovary 246 to 283 by 283 to 296, acetabulum. Oral sucker 294 to 335 by 302 25 to 39 postacetabular; seminal receptacle 276 to 348, subterminal, with small oval opening. to 302 by 66 to 103, overlapping anteromedian Acetabulum 323 to 418 by 320 to 449. Sucker

Fig. 1. Erilepturus platycephali, dextrolateral view of dorsal glandular pit. Fig. 2. Neoapocreadium malaysiae, ventral view of holotype. Fig. 3. Mesocoelium scatophagi, dorsal view of holotype. Fig. 4. Same. Terminal genitalia, dorsal view of holotype.

Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington JANUARY, 1965] HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 67 length ratio 1 : 1.10 to 1.25. Prepharynx (in HOLOTYPE: U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 60075. larger specimen) 82 long. Pharynx 158 to 189 DIAGNOSIS (based on single specimen): Body by 199 to 222, with conspicuous anterior mus- 1,328 by 568, cuticle spinose, spines sparse cle ring. Esophagus (in larger specimen) 37 posteriorly. Preoral lobe 55 long, distinct, long, bifurcating 162 preacetabular. Ceca ex- hoodlike. Forebody 328, hindbody 874. Oral tending to posterior extremity. Excretory blad- sucker 213 by 206, subterminal ventral. Ace- der tubular, pore terminal. Lymph vessels tabulum 126 by 161, at end of anterior body present. third. Sucker length ratio 1 : 0.59. Prepharynx Testes two, smooth to slightly lobed, tandem, and esophagus short. Pharynx 77 by 71. contiguous, usually longitudinally elongate but Cecal bifurcation overlapping acetabulum; may be round or transversely elongate; an- cecal shoulders inflated; ceca extending to 331 terior testis 313 to 316 by 313 to 482, lying from posterior extremity on right and 444 on 340 to 352 postacetabular; posterior testis 372 left. Excretory pore terminal. to 526 by 298 to 798, lying 499 to 621 postace- Testes two, smooth, symmetrical, posterior tabular. Seminal vesicle 280 to 320 by 121 to but slightly overlapping acetabulum. Right to 162, saccular, commencing 123 to 140 post- testis 119 by 144, left testis 142 by 166. Vasa acetabular, separated from ovary by seminal efferentia uniting to form short vas deferens. receptacle. Cirrus and cirrus sac absent. Gen- Cirrus sac 150 by 61, thin walled, overlapping ital pore median, just preacetabular. Ovary acetabulum 65. Internal seminal vesicle bipar- 184 to 220 by 95 to 232, smooth, longitudinally tite, anterior chamber 52 by 33, posterior cham- or transversely elongate, lying 81 to 184 post- ber 54 by 31. Prostatic vesicle 15 by 14, sur- acetabular, left or right of midline. Seminal rounded by prostate cells. Cirrus straight, receptacle 202 to 291 by 103 to 140, over- slightly thick walled, muscular. Genital atrium lapping ovary dorsally. Vitelline follicles com- small. Genital pore median, ventral to oral mencing 222 to 276 preacetabular at esoph- sucker, slightly posterior to sucker opening. ageal level and extending to posterior extrem- Ovary 161 by 179, median, posteroventral to ity, confluent posttesticular and from acetab- testes. Seminal receptacle 40 by 60, postero- ular to esophageal levels. Uterus with few coils dorsal to ovary. Vitelline reservoir small, pos- lying pretesticular. Eggs few, nine measuring terodorsal to ovary, ventral to seminal recep- 85 to 101 by 55 to 70. tacle. Vitellaria in lateral fields, commencing DISCUSSION: Neoapocreadium was erected at oral sucker level and terminating just short by Siddiqi and Cable (1960) for three species of cecal ends; follicles small, dorsal, lateral and of Apocreadium described by Sogandares ventral to ceca, more numerous preacetabular. (1959). It was characterized as having "a Uterus filling hindbody, ventral to gonads, as- longitudinal slitlike mouth, a massive pharynx, cending on right. Metraterm thick walled, wide ceca, and confluent vitelline fields in the shorter than cirrus sac. Eggs numerous, oper- forebody." Except for the shape of the mouth culate, ten measuring 33 to 41 by 21 to 25. our specimens readily fit the generic diagnosis. DISCUSSION: This is the first record of Mesocoelium Odhner, 1911, from a fish. Skr- FAMILY MESOCOELIIDAE jabin and Morozov (1959), Cheng (1960), and Mesocoelium scatophagi n. sp. (Figs. 3, 4) Freitas (1963) reviewed the genus, noting the presence of all species in amphibians and rep- HOST: Scatophagus argus (Scatophagidae). tiles. In the key to the 28 species recognized HABITAT: Small intestine. by Cheng (1960) our specimen keyed to M. LOCALITY: Jesselton, North Borneo. megaloon Johnston, 1912, but it differs from DATE: 29 August 1960. the latter in the position of the genital pore, «- Fig. 5. Hamacreadium interruptus, terminal genitalia, dorsal view. Fig. 6. Helicometra borneoensis, ventral view of holotype. Fig. 7. Same. Terminal genitalia, ventral view of holotype. C, cirrus; CS, cirrus sac; E, egg; GP, genital pore; M, metraterm; PC, prostate cells; PP, pars prostatica; PV, prostatic vesicle; SV, seminal vesicle; U, uterus.

Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE [VOL. 32, No. 1 extent of the ceca and vitellaria, sucker length 202 by 166 to 228, wider than long; esophagus ratio, ovary size in relation to the testes, and 110 to 243 in longitudinal extent; excretory in having a spined cuticle and a prominent bladder extending to just postbifurcal, bifurcal, hoodlike preoral lobe. In the key to the seven or slightly prebifurcal, connecting to excretory species recognized by Freitas (1963) our speci- pore by short, narrow canal bearing bulbous, men keyed to M. monas (Rudolphi, 1819) muscular sphincter; testes smooth in 14, slightly Freitas, 1958, but it differs in having a prom- lobed in 3, and anterior testis smooth while inent hoodlike preoral lobe. Freitas noted as posterior slightly lobed in 3; anterior (left) synonyms of M. monas at least 19 species testis 236 to 445 by 258 to 414; posterior described from a wide variety of amphibians (right) testis 287 to 544 by 261 to 368; and reptiles from South America, Central acetabulum to anterior testis 210 to 537, to America, North America, Africa, Asia, and posterior testis 350 to 767; posttesticular space Oceania. While much variation is evident in 760 to 1,580, ratio to body length 1 : 3.1 to species of Mesocoelium we wonder whether 3.8; cirrus sac 331 to 614 (longitudinal extent) the synonymy based solely on morphological by 118 to 243, thin walled, commencing inter- characteristics of specimens from so many dif- cecally at level of anterior one-seventh to three- ferent hosts with so great a geographical dis- fifths of acetabulum from midline of latter to tribution is entirely valid. It appears to us that beyond its right margin, transverse to oblique the question of species validity cannot be in position, curving to left, containing a long answered satisfactorily until most life histories seminal vesicle with single long loop near distal are elucidated. end, a short, slightly muscular, cell-lined pars prostatica surrounded by prostate cells, and a FAMILY OPECOELIDAE short, muscular, protrusible cirrus; distinct pars Hamacreadium interruptus Nagaty, 1941 prostatica visible or not depending on partic- ular mount; genital atrium shallow; genital pore (Fig. 5) 81 to 314 preacetabular, opening sinistrally SYNONYMS: Plagioporus (Plagioporus) lon- from midway between body midline and cecum givesicula Yamaguti, 1952; P. (Paraplagioporus) to midway between cecum and body margin, longivesicula Yamaguti, 1952; Hamacreadium intercecal in 4, cecal in 9, extracecal in 7; lethrini Nagaty and Abdel Aal, 1962; H. na- ovary 177 to 376 by 221 to 335, usually wider gatyi Lamothe, 1962, and H. lenthrium Man- than long, two-lobed in 1, three-lobed in 13, ter, 1963 (both nom. nov. for PI. lethrini four-lobed in 6, 155 to 331 postacetabular; Nagaty and Abdel Aal, 1962, nee Yamaguti, seminal receptacle present; Laurer's canal not 1934). observed; vitellaria commencing slightly pre- HOSTS: Lethrinus microdon (Lethrinidae); bifurcal in 10 and bifurcal in 10, extending Fluta alba (Flutidae). 243 to 583 preacetabular, interrupted at ace- HABITAT: Small intestine. tabular level on both sides in 12, on left side LOCALITY: Jesselton, North Borneo. only in 4, on right side only in 1, and unin- DATE: 29 August 1960. terrupted on both sides in 3, lateral fields SPECIMENS: U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 60076 separate preacetabular but confluent posttes- (six slides with one specimen each from L. ticular in 8 of 20 specimens; metraterm mus- microdon); No. 60077 (one specimen from cular, thick walled, shorter than cirrus sac; F. alba). gland cells surrounding distal ends of metra- MEASUREMENTS AND SOME PERTINENT DATA term and cirrus sac; 24 partially collapsed eggs (based on 24 specimens from L. microdon measuring 54 to 68 by 32 to 41. and 1 from F. alba, 8 measured): Body 2,575 DISCUSSION: Manter (1947) indicated a to 4,924 by 798 to 1,419; preoral body 6 to great similarity between Hamacreadium Lin- 26 long; forebody 767 to 1,442, hindbody ton, 1910, and Plagioporus Stafford, 1904. He 1,396 to 2,891; oral sucker 221 to 348 by compared the two as follows: "As a rule 254 to 366, usually wider than long; acetab- Hamacreadium has a longer excretory vesicle ulum 412 to 591 by 435 to 721, wider than than does Plagioporus but there is considerable long; sucker length ratio 1 : 1.43 to 2.05; variation among the described species and in prepharynx 18 to 37 long; pharynx 147 to some cases this character is not given. At pres-

Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington JANUARY, 1965] HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 69 ent, the genus Hamacreadium seems best dis- HABITAT: Small intestine. tinguished by its diagonal testes together with LOCALITY: Jesselton, North Borneo. a lobed ovary. In species of Plagioporus with DATE: 29 August 1960. a lobed ovary, the testes are tandem." SPECIMENS: U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 60078 Hamacreadium interruptiis was described by (two slides). Nagaty (1941) from Lethrinus mehsenoides MEASUREMENTS AND SOME PERTINENT DATA from the Red Sea, and distinguished from all (based on one specimen in ventral and one in known species of the genus by the "constant lateral view): Body 1,466 to 1,767 long, 560 interrupted arrangement of the vitelline fol- wide (in one); forebody 552 to 579, hindbody licles." Nagaty and Abdel Aal (1962) de- 668 to 897, preoral body 5 to 8, posttesticular scribed a new species, H. lethrini, from a space 199 to 307; oral sucker 128 to 144 long, single specimen from the same host species 158 wide, 131 deep; acetabulum 246 to 291 and locality; Lamothe (1962) noted that the long, 318 wide, 262 deep, at level of anterior latter was a homonym of H. lethrini Yamaguti, 41 to 46 percent of body length; sucker length 1934, and renamed it H. nagatyi; Manter ratio 1 : 1.92 to 2.02; prepharynx 27 to 32 (1963), unaware of the latter change, re- long; pharynx 75 to 77 long, 98 wide, 98 deep; named it H. lenthrium. H. nagatyi was sep- esophagus 111 to 118 long; cecal bifurcation arated from H. interruptiis by Nagaty and 166 to 194 preacetabular; testes overlapping Abdel Aal in possessing a small oral sucker slightly; anterior testis 188 to 214 long, 232 not occupying most of the body width, an wide, 166 deep; posterior testis 239 to 243 oblique rather than a transverse cirrus sac, long, 195 wide, 191 deep; acetabulum to and vitellaria that were not interrupted. The anterior testis 92 to 177, to posterior testis variations in our specimens readily include 213 to 350; cirrus sac 389 to 391 in longi- the characteristics cited above for both these tudinal extent, 49 wide, 44 deep, overlapping species. Therefore, we declare H. nagatyi a anterior portion of acetabulum 19 to 21; gen- synonym of H. interruptiis. We also declare ital pore 368 to 372 preacetabular; ovary 122 Plagioporus (Plagioporus) longivesicula de- to 134 long, 118 wide, 81 deep, zero to 92 scribed by Yamaguti (1952) from Lethrinus postacetabular; seminal receptacle (in one) sp. from Celebes and transferred by Skrjabin 90 long, 79 wide; vitellaria commencing just and Koval (1958) to the subgenus Paraplagio- postpharyngeal, interrupted opposite acetab- porus Yamaguti, 1939, a synonym of H. ulum on both sides; 12 eggs measuring 63 to interruptiis inasmuch as it readily fits the 70 by 33 to 37. descriptions of the latter species given by DISCUSSION: Our specimens readily keyed to Nagaty (1941) and by us. The specimen from P. isaitschikowi in the keys to the species of the freshwater host, Fluta alba (syn. Monop- Plagioporus given by Manter (1954) and terus a.), could not be distinguished from the Skrjabin and Koval (1958). This parasite has specimens, especially those with uninterrupted been reported from Sebastodes schlegeli from vitellaria, from the marine host, Lethrinus Peter the Great Bay by Layman (1930), microdon. In view of the many variations Sebastiscus albofasciatus from Japan by Yama- noted for Hamacreadium mutabile Lin ton, guti (1938), and Paralabrax clathratus from 1910, by Nagaty (1941), Sogandares and California by Manter and Van Cleave (1951). Sogandares (1961), and Manter (1963), it Several authors, including Skrjabin and Koval may be that //. interruptiis as herein defined (1958), list Yamaguti (1938) as having trans- is a synonym. However, before we can be ferred this species from Lebouria Nicoll, 1909, certain direct comparisons and more signifi- to Plagioporus; initially this was done by Price cantly additional life history studies of these (1934). species are needed. Helicometra borneoensis n. sp. (Figs. 6, 7) Plagioporus (Plagioporus} isaitschikowi HOST: Epinephelus fasciatus (Serranidae). (Layman, 1930) Price, 1934 HABITAT: Small intestine. SYNONYM: Lebouria isaitschikowi Layman, LOCALITY: Jesselton, North Borneo. 1930. DATE: 30 September 1960. HOST: Lethrinus microdon (Lethrinidae). HOLOTYPE: U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 60079.

DIAGNOSIS (based on single specimen): species, H. borneoensis, differs significantly Body 2,248 by 750 (ovarian level), unarmed. from all known members of the genus in the Forebody 670, hindbody 1,292, posttesticular arrangement of the vitelline follicles. In the space 340. Oral sucker 196 by 215, acetab- key to the species of Helicometra given by ulum 286 in diameter, sucker length ratio Skrjabin and Koval (1958) our specimen 1 : 1.46. Prepharynx 12 long; pharynx 102 keyed to H. epinepheli Yamaguti, 1934. The by 136; esophagus 250 long; cecal bifurcation latter differs further from the new species in just preacetabular; ceca extending posttestic- the presence of a trilobed ovary and distinctly ular, terminating 150 (right) and 210 (left) lobed testes. from posterior extremity. Excretory bladder tubular, containing large, irregular concretion LITERATURE CITED at level of cecal ends; pore subterminal dorsal. CABLE, R. M., AND F. M. NAHHAS. 1962. Bi- Testes two, outline very slightly wavy, tan- vesicula caribbensis sp. n. (Trematoda: Di- dem, contiguous, mainly intercecal but may genea) and its life history. J. Parasitol. 48: slightly overlap cecum ventrally, mostly in 536-538. posterior body third but overlapping middle CHENG, T. C. 1960. Studies on the trematode third. Anterior testis 204 by 290, posterior family Brachycoeliidae. IV. A revision of the testis 258 by 365; acetabulum to anterior testis genus Mesocoelium Odhner, 1911; and the 525, to posterior testis 695. Vasa efferentia status of Pintnaria Poche, 1907. Am. Midland long, uniting to form very short vas deferens. Naturalist 63: 439-469. FISCHTHAL, J. H., AND R. E. KUNTZ. 1964. Di- Cirrus sac 485 in longitudinal extent by 84, genetic trematodes of fishes from Palawan sinistral bend preacetabular, commencing 85 Island, Philippines. Part I. Families Acantho- anterior to posterior margin of acetabulum, colpidae, Angiodictyidae, Cryptogonimidae, containing tubular seminal vesicle with pro- Fellodistomidae, and Gyliauchenidae. J. Para- nounced loop, a long, straight pars prostatica sitol. 50: 248-252. surrounded by prostate cells, and muscular, FREITAS, J. F. T. DE. 1963. Revisao da familia protrusible cirrus 103 by 33. Genital pore Mesocoeliidae Dollfus, 1933 (Trematoda). slightly sinistral, 80 postpharyngeal, 290 pre- Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 61: 177-311. acetabular. Ovary 162 by 225, smooth, inter- LAMOTHE A., R. 1962. Redescripcion de dos trematodos digeneos de peces del Pacifico cecal, partly submedian to right, in tan- mexicano. An. Inst. Biol. Mex. 33: 97-111. dem and contiguous with anterior testis, 363 LAYMAN, E. M. 1930. Parasitic worms from postacetabular. Seminal receptacle present. fishes of Peter the Great Bay. Izvest. Tik- Laurer's canal not seen. Ootype complex hookeansk. Nauchno-Prom. Stantsii, Vladivos- large, median to ovary, partly submedian to tok 3: 1-120. (Russian and German texts.) left. Vitelline follicles in eight pairs of sep- LE ZOTTE, L. A., JR. 1954. Studies on marine arated lateral clusters lying dorsal to ceca, digenetic trematodes of Puerto Rico: the extending from cecal bifurcation to just be- family Bivesiculidae, its biology and affin- yond cecal ends, longitudinal ducts on each ities. J. Parasitol. 40: 148-162. side connecting clusters, common vitelline duct MANTER, H. W. 1947. The digenetic trematodes of marine fishes of Tortugas, Florida. dorsal. Uterus spiralling in diagonal coils be- Am. Midland Naturalist 38: 257-416. tween ovary and acetabulum. Metraterm thick . 1954. Some digenetic trematodes from walled, ascending from anterior margin of fishes of New Zealand. Trans. Roy. Soc. New acetabulum. Seven eggs measuring 46 to 53 Zealand 82: 475-568. by 26 to 33, with unipolar filament. . 1961. Studies on digenetic trematodes DISCUSSION: Siddiqi and Cable (1960), in of Fiji. I. Families Haplosplancrmidae, Bi- recording Stenopem equilata Manter, 1933, vesiculidae, and Hemiuridae. Proc. Helmin- from Puerto Rico, declared the genus a syn- thol. Soc. Wash. 28: 67-74. onym of Helicometra Odhner, 1902; we con- . 1963. Ibid. II. Families Lepocreadii- cur. Therefore, S. pteroisi Gupta, 1956, be- dae, Opistholebetidae, and Opecoelidae. J. Parasitol. 49: 99-113. comes H. pteroisi (Gupta, 1956) Siddiqi and , AND H. J. VAN CLEAVE. 1951. Some Cable, 1960, and S. rectisaccus Fischthal and digenetic trematodes, including eight new Kuntz, 1964, becomes H. rectisaccus (Fisch- species, from marine fishes of La Jolla, Calif. thal and Kuntz, 1964) n. comb. The new Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 101: 315-340.

NAGATY, H. F. 1941. Trematodes of fishes from , AND A. A. SOBOLEV. 1961. Supple- the Red Sea. Part 2. The genus Hamacread- mentary material on the family Bivesiculidae ium Linton, 1910 (fam. Allocreadiidae) with Yamaguti, 1939. Ibid. 18: 381-411. 1960. a description of two new species. J. Roy. SOGANDARES-BERNAL, F. 1959. Digenetic trema- Egypt. Med. Assoc. 24: 300-310. todes of marine fishes from the Gulf of Pan- . 1948. Ibid. Part 4. On some new and ama and Bimini, British West Indies. Tulane known forms with a single testis. J. Parasitol. Stud. Zool. 7: 69-117. 34: 355-363. , AND L. M. SOGANDARES. 1961. Nine , AND T. M. ABDEL AAL. 1962. Ibid. digenetic trematodes of marine fishes from Part 15. Four new species of Hamacreadium the Atlantic coast of Panama. Ibid. 8: 141- family Allocreadiidae. Ibid. 48: 384-386. 153. PRICE, E. W. 1934. Reports on the collections VELASQUEZ, C. C. 1962. Some hemiurid trema- obtained by the first Johnson-Smithsonian todes from Philippine fishes. J. Parasitol. 48: deep-sea expedition to the Puerto Rican deep. 539-544. New digenetic trematodes from marine fishes. YAMAGUTI, S. 1934. Studies on the helminth Smithson. Misc. Coll. (3234) 91: 8 p. fauna of Japan. Part 2. Trematodes of fishes, SIDDIQI, A. H., AND R. M. CABLE. 1960. Di- I. Jap. J. Zool. 5: 249-541. genetic trematodes of marine fishes of Puerto Rico. Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is. . 1938. Ibid. Part 21. Trematodes of 17: 257-369. fishes, IV. Publ. by author, Kyoto, 139 p. SKRJABIN, K. I. 1959. Family Schistorchidae . 1939. Ibid. Part 26. Trematodes of Yamaguti, 1942. In Skrjabin, K. I., Trema- fishes, VI. Jap. J. Zool. 8: 211-230. todes of animals and man. Moskva 16: 15— . 1952. Parasitic worms mainly from 51. (Russian text.) Celebes. Part 1. New digenetic trematodes , AND V. P. KOVAL. 1958. Subfamily of fishes. Acta Med. Okayama 8: 146-198. Plagiopoririae Manter, 1947. Ibid. 15: 424- . 1953. Ibid. Part 3. Digenetic trema- 811. todes of fishes, II. Ibid. 8: 257-295. , AND F. N. MOROZOV. 1959. Family . 1958. Systema helminthum. Vol. I. Mesocoeliidae Dollfus, 1950. Ibid. 16: 635- The digenetic trematodes of vertebrates. Parts 703. I and II. Interscience Publ., N. Y., 1,575 p.