DOCSLIB.ORG

Dismemberment at Windmill Point Violence, Manliness, and the Irish in Upper Canada Jane Mcgaughey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dismemberment at Windmill Point Violence, Manliness, and the Irish in Upper Canada Jane Mcgaughey Document generated on 09/29/2021 1:29 p.m. Ontario History Dismemberment at Windmill Point Violence, Manliness, and The Irish in Upper Canada Jane McGaughey Volume 110, Number 1, Spring 2018 Article abstract Drawing on personal letters, published memoirs, and court martial records, this URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1044325ar article investigates the gendered and ethnic implications of the Battle of the DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1044325ar Windmill in November 1838. While this invasion of Upper Canada by the Hunter Patriots has often been seen as the final chapter of the 1837 Canadian Rebellions, See table of contents it was also an episode imbued with Irish fraternal societies, Irish politics, notions of Irish manliness, and the attempts of Irish settlers to earn their place within “respectable” Upper Canadian society. The scandalous castration of an Irish Publisher(s) officer and the mistreatment of dead soldiers’ bodies stood in direct contrast to the value each force placed on heroic martial manliness. Despite the relatively The Ontario Historical Society small size of the battlefield, the legacy of the battle itself significantly impacted how Irish settlers were treated in Upper Canadian society at the end of the 1830s. ISSN 0030-2953 (print) 2371-4654 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article McGaughey, J. (2018). Dismemberment at Windmill Point: Violence, Manliness, and The Irish in Upper Canada. Ontario History, 110(1), 35–58. https://doi.org/10.7202/1044325ar Copyright © The Ontario Historical Society, 2018 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ 35 Dismemberment at Windmill Point Violence, Manliness, and The Irish in Upper Canada by Jane McGaughey n mid-November 1838, Windmill brought together in one of the more Point in Upper Canada became the violent episodes of nineteenth-century focus of much attention in British Canada. Orangemen fought alongside INorth America and the United States. Irish Catholic settlers and descendants of An invading force of some 250 men Irish United Empire Loyalists who were, landed just outside the hamlet of New in turn, supported by the regulars of the Wexford, about two kilometres east of 83rd (Dublin) Regiment of Foot against the town of Prescott. e Hunter Patri- the American invaders.2 is very Ca- ots were a group of American, European, nadian aair was imbued with Irish fra- and Canadian republican invaders who ternal societies, Irish politics, notions of crossed the narrows of the St. Lawrence Irish manliness, and the attempts of Irish intent on liberating Upper Canada from settlers to earn their place at last in re- British rule. Meetings held in New York spectable society through that most Irish State immediately prior to the invasion of tactics: violent force of arms. described their actions as an attempt to e traditional interpretation of the relieve “the suering Canadian Patri- Battle of the Windmill can seem more ots.” 1 foolish than fraught. Led by Nils von In the space of less than a week, four Schoultz, a brave yet doomed Polish aris- distinct strains of the Irish Diaspora were tocrat, the Hunters crossed the river in 1 Archives of Ontario (AO), F 37, Mackenzie-Lindsey Family Fonds, “Public Meeting In Favor of the Suering Canadian Patriots,” 10 November 1838. 2 While there were men of Irish birth and extraction amongst the Hunter Patriots who attacked Windmill Point, only one secondary source directly cites the nascent cause of the Irish Repeal movement, which sought to overturn the 1801 Act of Union that had made Ireland part of the United Kingdom, as a factor inuencing the Hunters’ decision to attack Upper Canada. See, Oscar A. Kinchen, e Rise and Fall of the Patriot Hunters (New York: Bookman Associates, 1956), 112. While the exact nature of the Hunter Patriots’ alignment with the Irish Repeal movement is worthy of further scholarly attention, the following argument will focus only on the Upper Canadian Irish elements at the Battle of the Windmill. Ontario History / Volume CX, No. 1 / Spring 2018 inside pages spring 2018.indd 35 2018-02-19 9:26:34 PM 36 ONTARIO HISTORY fought, with British forces laying siege to the stone wind- Abstract mill where the Americans had Drawing on personal letters, published memoirs, and court taken shelter from both their martial records, this article inestigates the gendered and enemies and the cold Novem- ethnic implications of the Battle of the Windmill in No- ber temperatures. British naval vember 1838. While this inasion of Upper Canada by the Hunter Patriots has oen been seen as the nal chapter ships bombarded the windmill of the 1837 Canadian Rebellions, it was also an episode from the river. Once they real- imbued with Irish aternal societies, Irish politics, notions ized they had been sorely mis- of Irish manliness, and the attempts of Irish settlers to earn taken about Canadians’ desire their place within “respectable” Upper Canadian society. e scandalous castration of an Irish ocer and the mis- to be free of British control, treatment of dead soldiers’ bodies stood in direct contrast the Hunters surrendered. Von to the value each force placed on heroic martial manliness. Schoultz was hanged—aer Despite the relatively small size of the battleeld, the legacy having been defended by a of the battle itself signicantly impacted how Irish settlers were treated in Upper Canadian society at the end of the young John A. Macdonald— 1830s. as were nine others; the rest were either deported back to Résumé: En nous inspirant de lettres personnelles, de mémoires publiés et de dossiers de cour martiale, nous ex- America or transported to a aminerons les implications ethniques et sexospéciques de penal colony in Van Dieman’s la bataille du Moulin-à-Vent en noembre 1838. Cette Land (modern Tasmania).3 inasion du Haut-Canada par les Frères-Chasseurs est e tale bears startling souvent considérée comme le dernier chapitre des rébel- lions canadiennes de 1837, mais c’est aussi un épisode rem- similarities to various Irish es- pli de mouvements aternalistes irlandais, de politique capades throughout the nine- irlandaise, de notions de virilité et masculinité irlandaise, teenth century. Like Emmett’s et de tentatives des colonisateurs irlandais à être admis aux Rebellion in 1803, the Hunter rangs « respectables » de la société du Haut-Canada. La castration scandaleuse d’un ocier irlandais et la profana- Patriots were attempting to tion des corps de soldats défunts ont fait vivement contraste provoke a rising in the aer- avec l’importance placée par les deux côtés sur la virilité math of a previously failed in- martiale héroïque. Malgré la taille relativement petite du surrection. Like the Young Ire- champ de bataille, l’héritage de la bataille elle-même aura landers a decade later in 1848, un impact important sur la façon dont les colonisateurs ir- landais seront traités dans le Haut-Canada vers la n des the Hunters believed they were années 1830. deliverers of liberty to a people too oppressed by the British yoke to ght for themselves. the dead of night only to be quickly sur- Like the Fenians in the 1860s, they cre- rounded by imperial troops and the colo- ated a vast network of fraternal societies, nial militia. For ve days, the two groups clubs, and information on either side of 3 Library Archives Canada (LAC), Registry Files, RG 22 A 1, Volume 1394, File Part 1, “Battle of the Windmill, Prescott, Ont.,” 2. For a traditional military account of the battle, please see G.F. Stanley, “e Battle of the Windmill,” Historic Kingston 3 (1954), 41-56. inside pages spring 2018.indd 36 2018-02-19 9:26:34 PM Dismemberment at Windmill Point 37 the border that believed to be, but much more of the loss of Canada would a charlatan, while Ogle be a mighty blow against Gowan, the leader of the British Empire and, Upper Canadian Or- like all of the others, the angeism, was blooded in Hunter Patriots found his rst military engage- out too late that their ment, but perhaps not plan would never suc- quite in the glorious way ceed. Some have claimed he had imagined. that, had it not been for e Battle of the the tragic loss of life dur- Windmill encapsu- ing those ve bloody lated a host of vibrant, days in November 1838, yet problematic images the entire scene would about Irishmen in the have made for a delight- Canadas at the end of ful comic opera; the ex- the colonial rebellions. act same sentiment has is article explores how been applied to the Fe- masculine imagery in- nian invasions of 1866 formed the manner in and 1870.4 which these Irishmen But there are also Nils on Schoultz <http://pithandsub- were perceived by their things that do not get stance.blogspot.ca/2006/08/nnish-revolu- peers, by their enemies, mentioned in the brief tionary-and-father-of.html> and amongst themselves. summaries that the Battle of the Wind- It pays particular attention to the local mill oen receives. is was the bloodiest Orangemen who fought in the battle and episode of the rebellions in Upper Cana- how this hyper-masculinised and oen- da, and was surpassed in Lower Canada times violent Irish fraternity positioned only by what the townships surrounding itself within the frameworks of loyalism, Montreal endured in the winter of 1837 martial respectability, and imperial de- and again in 1838 at the hands of govern- fence.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Canada Rebellion 1837 Mss
    Canada Rebellion 1837 Mss. Coll. No. 55 .5 linear feet Historical note The Canadian Rebellion of 1837 was a movement in Lower Canada toward establishing a French Republic on the St. Lawrence River that was led by Louis Joseph Papineau. During the same year William Lyon MacKenzie led a similar armed revolt in Upper Canada which failed, he then fled to the United States and established headquarters on Navy Island on the Canadian side of the Niagara river and tried to continue the rebellion with the aid of sympathizers from the United States. Among the battles fought during the “Patriot War” was the 1838 Battle of the Windmill, November 12-16. Fought near Prescott, Ontario, across the St. Lawrence River from Ogdensburg, NY, some 300 ragtag, mostly U.S. invaders, attempted to cut off the communication lines of British troops by overtaking Fort Wellington in Prescott. The invasion was a complete failure, with only about 200 landing at Windmill Point. The insurgents were repelled by British regular troops, navy ships and local militia over the four day fight. 159 of the invading force were taken prisoner. The leader of the invaders, Nils Von Schoultz, was executed a few weeks later. Scope & contents This collection (formerly known as Patriots War Collection) consists of several original letters relating to the Battle of the Windmill plus photocopies of other letters, clippings, a list of Americans captured and photos of Windmill Point, Prescott, Ontario. Also included is an article "Mackenzies 1837 Rebellion" as well as copies of The New Yorker from 1838 and The Albion from 1835 to 1844 that contain relevant articles about the rebellion.
    [Show full text]
  • The Battles of the Windmill
    It is an unknown fact of history that there were actually two Battles of the Wind­ mill and, although the first Battle of the Windmill is well known to historians it is time that the second battle of the Windmill be recorded for posterity since we have such record in the diary and field notes of James West, Provincial Land Surveyor and Civil Engineer. The windmill, now decapitated and converted into a lighthouse in 1872 stands on Windmill Point V/2 miles east of the Town of Prescott on the St. Lawrence River. It was erected in 1822 by a West Indian merchant named Hughes and served the farmers in Grenville County. The village, adjacent to the mill, is now nothing but roofless, window- less stone ruins. The first Battle of the Windmill occurred because of the unrest in both the United States and the five Canadian provinces in the 1830’s. There was a rebellion in both Upper and Lower Canada in 1837, the uprising under William Lyon Mackenzie in Upper Canada at Toronto and the rebellion in Lower Canada under Louis-Joseph Papineau. After the unsuccessful uprisings, Mackenzie, Papineau and other Canadian leaders stirred up strong sympathy among the American population when they had fled across the border. This was instrumental in the formation of secret, underground Patriot Hunter’s The Lodges both in the United States and Canada. By the middle of 1838 they probably numbered 150,000 members, all of whom were dedicated to the forcible overthrow of Canada’s so-called “Oppressors”. After the senseless acts at Prescott in November 1838 and a few weeks later at Windsor, both American and Canadian popular support of the Battles Movement dwindled until the Hunter organization disappeared in 1842.
    [Show full text]
  • Ft Wellington and Vicinity Prescott, Ontario
    GUIDE TO FT WELLINGTON AND VICINITY PRESCOTT, ONTARIO A WISE NATION PRESERVES ITS RECORDS-GATHERS UP ITS MUNI­ MENTS-DECORATES THE TOMBS OF ITS ILLUSTRIOUS DEAD-REPAIRS ITS GREAT PUBLIC STRUCTURES &. FOS" TERS NATIONAL PRIDE AND LOVE OF COUNTRY'BY PERPETUAL REFER­ ENCE TO THE SACRIFICES & GLORIES OF THE PAST • • • JOSEPH HOWE /SAIIOKAL EARKS OF CANADA-HISTORIC SITES FORT WELLINGTON Prescott Ontario A brief history of the famous Fort Wellington and other historic sites in its immediate vicinity adjacent to the beautiful and incomparable waterway of the St. Lawrence river, along which were enacted events that mark the con­ tests of the British and French andihe British and the United States for the possession of Canada. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HON. CHARLES STEWART - - Minister W. W. CORY. C.M.G. - Deputy Minister J. B. HARKIN - Commissioner. National Parks of Canada. Ottawa HISTORIC SITES OF PRESCOTT AND VICINITY FORT WELLINGTON. WINDMILL POINT, FORT DE LEVIS, CHRYSLER'S FARM, POINTE AU BARIL The group of historic sites to which attention is directed in this brochure all lie in the vicinity of Prescott, Ontario, on the north shore of the beautiful St. Lawrence, one of the world's most magnificent waterways. Before the advent of the railway or the construction of the Rideau canal the St. Lawrence river was the only direct means of communication between Quebec, Montreal, and the region now known as the province of Ontario, with the exception of the then far-away and still more precarious Ottawa. Many of the historic events that marked the contests of the British and French and the British and the United States troops for the possession of Canada were therefore enacted on the great river.
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle of the Windmill Revisited: As Recounted by Lieutenant Andrew Agnew, 93Rd Highland Regiment of Foot, 8 December 1838
    Canadian Military History Volume 9 Issue 4 Article 7 2000 The Battle of the Windmill Revisited: As recounted by Lieutenant Andrew Agnew, 93rd Highland Regiment of Foot, 8 December 1838 Andrew Agnew Scott McLean Queen’s International Study Centre Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Agnew, Andrew and McLean, Scott "The Battle of the Windmill Revisited: As recounted by Lieutenant Andrew Agnew, 93rd Highland Regiment of Foot, 8 December 1838." Canadian Military History 9, 4 (2000) This Feature is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Agnew and McLean: Battle of the Windmill Revisited The Battle of the Windmill Revisited As recounted by Lieutenant Andrew Agnew, 93rd Highland Regiment of Foot, 8 December 1838 Scott A. McLean he failure of William Lyon McKenzie, Louis (1967), and accounts of the conflict may also T Joseph Papineau, and other like-minded be found in contemporary issues of the reformers to bring about meaningful change Kingston Chronicle and Gazette. However, the in the political, economic, and social structure information remains somewhat cursory and of Upper and Lower Canada in 1837 did not limited in colour and detail. The letter end to possibility of rebellion, and in fact a reprinted below was written on 8 December greater threat came in 1838, with widespread 1838, the very day Nils von Schoultz was filibustering along the American border.
    [Show full text]
  • London Journal of Canadian Studies Article
    London Journal of Canadian Studies Article The Canadian Civil Wars of 1837–1838 Phillip Buckner1,* How to cite: Buckner, P., ‘The Canadian Civil Wars of 1837–1838’. London Journal of Canadian Studies, 2020, 35(1), pp. 96–118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444. ljcs.2020v35.005. Published: 30 November 2020 Peer Review: This article has been peer-reviewed through the journal’s standard double-blind peer review, where both the reviewers and authors are anonymized during review. Copyright: © 2020, Phillip Buckner. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC-BY) 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited • DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2020v35.005. Open Access: London Journal of Canadian Studies is a peer-reviewed open-access journal. * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 University of New Brunswick, Canada © 2020, Phillip Buckner. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY) 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited • DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2020v35.005 The Canadian Civil Wars of 1837–1838 Phillip Buckner Abstract Canadian historians have traditionally stressed that the rebellions of 1837 and 1838 in Upper and Lower Canada were revolts against British imperial authority. Less stressed has been the fact that the rebellions were also civil wars and that British troops were aided by substantial numbers of loyalists in defeating the rebels.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Wellington & the Battle of the Windmill
    Fort Wellington & The Battle Of The Windmill national historic sites of canada Management Plan April, 2001 FORT WELLINGTON & THE BATTLE OF THE WINDMILL NATIONAL HISTORIC SITES OF CANADA Management Plan FOREWORD The Government of Canada is committed to the protection and presentation of our human heritage. As Minister of Canadian Heritage responsible for Parks Canada, it is my responsibility to safeguard the integrity of our national historic sites. It is in the spirit of this mandate, which was entrusted to me by the people of Canada, that I approve the Fort Wellington and the Battle of the Windmill National Historic Sites of Canada Management Plan, an example of our commitment to the protection of our historic places for the enjoyment of present and future generations. Fort Wellington and the Battle of the Windmill National Historic Sites of Canada, located in and adjacent to the Town of Prescott, Ontario were designated as being of national significance shortly after the end of World War I at a time when there was growing interest in preserving Canada’s past. Both sites played an important role in the defence of Canada. Fort Wellington played an important role in defending the St. Lawrence River during the War of 1812 and the Rebellion of 1837. The Battle of the Windmill site was the location of a victory of a British force over an invading force of Americans and Canadian rebels in November 1838. They stand as a testament to the time when relations with our southerly neighbour led to open hostilities. Parks Canada has the responsibility to preserve these places and to inform Canadians of their national historic significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Battle of the Windmill National Historic Site Management
    July 2017 Battle Of The Windmill National Historic Site of Canada Management Statement ii Approval Approved by: ________________________ _____________ Katherine Patterson Date Field Unit Superintendent Georgian Bay and Ontario East Parks Canada Battle Of The Windmill National Historic Site iii Management Statement The Parks Canada Agency manages one of the finest and most extensive systems of protected natural and historic areas in the world. The Agency’s mandate is to protect and present these places for the benefit and enjoyment of current and future generations. This management statement outlines Parks Canada’s management approach and objectives for the Battle of the Windmill National Historic Site. The Battle of the Windmill National Historic Site is located east of the Town of Prescott Ontario on the St. Lawrence River in the Township of Edwardsburg / Cardinal. The site was acquired by the Department of the Interior in 1923 and subsequently designated as a national historic site in 1925. The designation relates to the site’s involvement in the rebellion of 1838 and victory at the site by a British force consisting of imperial and colonial forces over an invading force of American “Hunters” and Canadian rebels. The historic site consists of an area of land and water surrounding the windmill and extending north of the windmill in a narrow strip of land between old Highway 2 and Highway 2. The resources of national historic significance consist of the following: the windmill tower, archaeological remains including the structures from the village of Newport destroyed during the battle, artifacts related to the battle, resources from the windmill’s construction, post-battle period, lighthouse conversion and occupation from 1873-1923.
    [Show full text]
  • British Efforts to Secure Kingston from Rebellion in the Winter of 1837-1838 Robert W
    Document généré le 25 sept. 2021 07:25 Ontario History “This Period of Desperate Enterprise” British efforts to secure Kingston from rebellion in the winter of 1837-1838 Robert W. Garcia Consequences of Rebellious Acts: The 1837 & 1838 Rebellions Résumé de l'article Volume 101, numéro 2, fall 2009 Nous étudions dans cet article les mesures prises par les autorités militaires britanniques en poste à Kington, pour répondre au déclenchement de la URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1065616ar rébellion du Haut-Canada en décembre 1837. Cette rébellion eut lieu à un DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/1065616ar moment particulièrement difficile, la plupart de la garnison régulière de Kingston venant d’être envoyée au Bas-Canada pour y éteindre la révolte, Aller au sommaire du numéro laissant ainsi la ville ouverte aux attaques des Patriotes. De plus, la construction de Fort Henry, commencée en 1832, n’était pas encore achevée; or ce fort devait être l’un des éléments essentiels d’un système de fortifications qui visait à protéger le principal dépôt militaire de la province, les entrepôts de Éditeur(s) la Marine Royale et l’entrée du canal Rideau. Commandé par Richard The Ontario Historical Society Bonnycastle, du régiment Royal Engineers, un petit nombre d’officiers britanniques d’active et des vétérans du cadre de réserve, prirent des mesures énergiques pour organiser et entraîner les volontaires et les recrues encore ISSN inexpérimentées de la malice canadienne. L’efficacité de cette préparation fut 0030-2953 (imprimé) mise à l’épreuve à la fin de février 1838, quand les Patriotes lancèrent une 2371-4654 (numérique) attaque majeure en vue de s’emparer de la ville de Kingston.
    [Show full text]
  • 2- Battle of the Windmill National Historic Site Windmill Tower (Continued)
    Battle of the Windmill National Historic Site Windmill Tower Prescott, Ontario HERITAGE CHARACTER STATEMENT Windmill Tower was built in approximately 1832, as a wind-powered grist mill. During the Rebellion of 1837-38, it was the site of the Battle of the Windmill, and milling operations permanently ceased at this time. In 1872, it was converted to a lighthouse. Since 1978, it has been interpreted as a battle site. Environment Canada Canadian Parks Service is the custodial department. See FHBRO Building Report 88-76. Reasons for Designation The Windmill Tower was designated Classified because of its important historical associations, its functional design and its environment. The current physical form of the Tower is a result of its evolving historical function: gristmill, Rebellion battlesite and defence location, and lighthouse. It was initially built as a grist mill, one of a very few wind-powered mills in English Canada. During the Rebellion of 1837-38, it was the scene of an important battle when Americans who supported the Rebellion attempted a landing at Prescott in 1838 which led to a battle at the Windmill. To defend against further invasions, the tower was occupied for the subsequent year by British troops. In 1872, the tower was converted to a lighthouse to facilitate use of the St. Lawrence as a transportation route. Finally, as a result of its role in the Rebellion, it was designated by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board in 1923, and it is currently interpreted by the Canadian Parks Service as a battle site. Windmill Tower is a rare surviving example of an English-built wind-powered mill in Upper Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • The War of 1812 in St. Lawrence County the St
    Volume LVI Number 3 2011 The War of 1812 in St. Lawrence County The St. Lawrence County Historical Association at the Silas Wright House The St. Lawrence County Historical Association is a private, not-for-profit, membership organiz- ation based at the Silas Wright House in Canton, New York. Founded in 1947, the Association is governed by a constitution, by-laws, and Board of Trustees. The Historical Association’s mem- bership meets annually to elect its trustees. 2012 Officers 2012 Trustees President: Carl Stickney, Stockholm Roger Bailey, Canton Vice-President: Jane Subramanian, Potsdam James Barnes, Potsdam Treasurer: Rita Goldberg, Canton Patricia Carson, Canton Secretary: Cathie O’Horo, Canton Marcia Eggleston, Massena William Flynn, Ogdensburg Nancy LaFaver, Lisbon Stanley Maine, Pierrepont Anne Mazzotta, Canton 2012 Staff Lowell McAllister, Heuvelton Trent Trulock, Executive Director Bryan Thompson, DeKalb Sue Longshore, Collections Manager Shirley Wisner, Morristown Jean Marie Martello, Archives Manager Our Mission The St. Lawrence County Historical Association is a not-for-profit membership organization and museum which serves as an educational resource for the use and benefit of the citizens of St. Lawrence County and others interested in the County’s history and traditions. The Association collects and preserves archival material and artifacts pertinent to the County’s history. In coopera- tion and collaboration with other local organizations, the Association promotes an understanding of and appreciation for the County’s rich history through publications, exhibits, and programs. The St. Lawrence County Historical Association operates within museum standards established by the American Association of Museums. SLCHA Membership Membership in the St. Lawrence County Historical Association is open to all interested par- ties.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada’S Military History That Dates Back More Than Two Centuries
    Come discover... South Grenville Let the adventure begin! 2019 VACATION GUIDE Craft beer • BBQ and catering • Events Live music Friday evenings throughout the summer 5 Newport Dr., Johnstown 613-704-0154 windmill.beer Fort Wellington National Historic Site It’s a piece of Canada’s military history that dates back more than two centuries. Fort Wellington is a National Historic Site that overlooks the St. Lawrence River just east of downtown Prescott. The Parks Canada facility originated as a British installation that protected the key trading and transportation route to and from Upper Canada. Visitors to the Fort Wellington blockhouse can experience what life must have been like for members of the Royal Canadian Rifle Regiment (and their families) who made the fort their home in the 1840s. The storage rooms and living quarters have been recreated and costumed staff are there to explain the fort’s history and answer questions. The visitor centre is located beside the park- ing lot and is a short walk from the blockhouse area. The centre houses a 19th century gunboat that was salvaged from the bottom of the river west of Brockville416 and moved from the national park at Mallorytown Landing. In addition to selling refreshments andManotick gift items, the centre also has a community room in whichCanada visitors Carleton Place can experience special exhibits. To Ottawa Winchester Bed & Breakfasts Kemptville Cornwall Bridgewaters Inn 401 2702 County Road 2, Johnstown • 613-925-3076 15 416 The Colonel’s Inn Morrisburg Merrickville 408 East St, Prescott • 613-925-2159 Perth Smith Falls Massena Iroquois 2 Dewar’s Inn on the River Spencerville 1649 County Rd 2, Prescott • 1-877-4DEWARS 37 Cardinal Johnstown Motel 1843 Hwy 2, Johnstown • 1-877-657-3555 Johnstown To Montreal Ships Anchor Inn - Riverside B&B Prescott 495 King St W, Prescott • 613-925-3573 16 U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Early History of Pathology at Queen's University
    THE EARLY HISTORY OF PATHOLOGY AT QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY AND HER TEACHING HOSPITALS (until 1966) By: M. DARIA HAUST 1,2 , HOWARD D. STEELE 1 and PAUL N. MANLEY 1 From: The Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine. Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario 1, and the Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario London, Ontario 2, CANADA CONTENTS 1. PREAMBLE 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 3. THE MAIN TEACHING HOSPITALS A. KINGSTON GENERAL HOSPITAL B. HÔTEL DIEU HOSPITAL 4. QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY AND MEDICINE A. THE BEGINNINGS B. EARLY RESEARCH IN MEDICINE C. BASIC SCIENCES AT QUEEN’S i. Bacteriology ii Chemistry iii Biochemistry D. CLINICAL LABORATORIES AT HOSPITALS 5. THE DISCIPLINE OF PATHOLOGY A. THE EARLY DAYS B. 1895-1920; DR. WALTER T. CONNELL C. 1920-1946; DR. JAMES MILLER D. 1946-1951; DR. JOHN D. HAMILTON E. 1951-1966; DR. ROBERT H. MORE 6. POSTSCRIPT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1. PREAMBLE The city of Kingston, the site of Queen’s University, is steeped in the early Canadian history and thus are the developments and fate of its major institutions. This close link in development with the town is not necessarily a feature of all universities in Canada for a good number of these were built in long established municipalities. To understand and follow the development of an institution of higher learning that is home, amongst others, to the Faculty of Medicine of which Pathology is one of its disciplines, it seems not only useful but unavoidable to provide (even if briefly) a historical account on the town (Kingston), the (major teaching) hospitals and the university, prior to addressing the actual subject under consideration, i.e., that of Pathology It had been debated often, particularly in the past centuries whether the establishment of a university with a School (or Faculty) of Medicine depended (or should depend) upon the existence of the hospital(s) in the town.
    [Show full text]