Miguel Ramírez Verdecia. Tesis (Saas)

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Miguel Ramírez Verdecia. Tesis (Saas) Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica Departamento de Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica TRABAJO DE DIPLOMA “Implementación de software como servicio y virtualización de escritorios Linux en la red UCLV” Autor: Miguel Ramírez Verdecia Tutor: MSc. Arelys Ramos Fleites MSc. Miriel Martin Mesa Santa Clara 2015 "Año 57 de la Revolución" i Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica Departamento de Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica TRABAJO DE DIPLOMA Implementación de software como servicio y virtualización de escritorios Linux en la red UCLV Autor: Miguel Ramírez Verdecia Email: [email protected] Tutor: MSc. Arelys Ramos Fleites Email: [email protected] MSc. Miriel Martin Mesa Email: [email protected] Santa Clara 2015 Año 57 de la Revolución ii Hago constar que el presente trabajo de diploma fue realizado en la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas como parte de la culminación de estudios de la especialidad de Ingeniería en Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica, autorizando a que el mismo sea utilizado por la Institución, para los fines que estime conveniente, tanto de forma parcial como total y que además no podrá ser presentado en eventos, ni publicados sin autorización de la Universidad. Firma del Autor Los abajo firmantes certificamos que el presente trabajo ha sido realizado según acuerdo de la dirección de nuestro centro y el mismo cumple con los requisitos que debe tener un trabajo de esta envergadura referido a la temática señalada. Firma del Autor Firma del Jefe de Departamento donde se defiende el trabajo Firma del Responsable de Información Científico-Técnica iii i PENSAMIENTO No existen realidades milagrosas donde solo existen hombres de ciencia El futuro no se escribe, se construye Miguel Ramírez Verdecia (Ingeniero en Telecomunicaciones y Elelectrónica) La verdadera ignorancia no es la ausencia de conocimientos, sino el hecho de rehusarse a adquirirlos Karl Popper (Filósofo, sociólogo y teórico de la ciencia) i ii DEDICATORIA Quiero dedicar esta tesis a mi familia en general, pero en primer lugar mi madre, que dio siempre de si hasta lo imposible para verme lograr con éxito mis objetivos, que estuvo a mi lado en todo los momentos duros y amargos de mi carrera y mi vida. A mi padre y mi hermana que fueron para mí como el ejemplo único por el cual esperamos guiarnos todos. Un momento especial de esta dedicatoria la quiero dar a mi mejor amiga Carmen Nilcia y a mi novia Analilian, porque sin ellas no creo haber podido superar los momentos de esfuerzo y estrés, ayudándome a culminar mis estudios de la manera que lo hice. No podría dejar de mencionar a esa personita que estuvo siempre en mi mente cada día, cada noche, dándome fuerzas para continuar adelante, que siendo aún muy pequeña ya ocupa el primero de mis orgullos: a mi niño Christian Ramírez Reyes. ii iii AGRADECIMIENTOS De todo corazón agradezco a todas aquellas personas que me ayudaron a lo largo de mi carrera. A todos mis amigos que me apoyaron y muchas cosas me enseñaron, que gracias a ellos hoy me siento una mejor persona. Agradezco a mis padres que me estuvieron a mi lado en todo momento, a mi madre que fue para mí como el motor impulsor para seguir adelante, demostrándome que todo en la vida es posible escogiendo para mí el camino más seguro. Quiero agradecer a todas aquellas personas, que solo el simple hecho de existir hizo para mí un futuro más visible, mis padres, mi niño, mis hermanas, mi novia y compañera, mis amigos y hermanos de batalla, sin ellos, los tiempos hubiesen sido mucho más duros. … A todos grAciAs… iii iv TAREA TÉCNICA Para lograr la confección del presente trabajo y alcanzar los resultados esperados fue necesario desarrollar las tares técnicas siguientes: Estudio bibliográfico sobre el estado del arte y las tecnologías más usadas en la actualidad para crear modelos y soluciones usando las técnicas de virtualización y el modelo SaaS. Análisis de los softwares existentes. Modelo y soluciones que implementan. Configurar el software seleccionado para su correcto funcionamiento. Documentar el procedimiento de instalación y puesta en marcha del sistema. iv v RESUMEN Con el crecimiento actual que tienen las redes de computadoras, la necesidad cada vez más marcada del uso de las TIC en todas las esferas y el aumento de las capacidades de procesamiento de los equipos de cómputo, obligan al país a mantener actualizadas cada una de estas tecnologías pero con altos costes de mantenimiento, grandes ciclos de configuración y puesta en funcionamiento y vulnerabilidades en la seguridad. Todos estos factores impulsan a las organizaciones a considerar soluciones informáticas más sencillas, autónomas, eficientes y seguras: La implementación de un software capaz de brindar servicios a través de escritorios virtuales alojados de forma centralizada en un servidor. Consiste en que el equipo de escritorio del usuario es una imagen de pantalla en la estación de trabajo, mientras que los archivos, datos y aplicaciones se almacenan y administran desde un servidor central. Mediante el uso de Thin Clients, dispositivos móviles o equipos convencionales, los usuarios pueden acceder a sus escritorios desde cualquier lugar, tanto dentro como fuera del entorno corporativo, proporcionando así una gran flexibilidad y movilidad. La Facultad de “Ingeniería Eléctrica” no cuenta hoy con el equipamiento necesario para desde sus propios laboratorios de computación poder usar algún software de simulación y procesamiento de datos que requieren de equipos de cómputo de grandes prestaciones. Aprovechando este nuevo clúster de procesamiento y la red de computadoras conectada a Gbps se pueden instalar en estos servidores virtualizados las herramientas necesarias de libre acceso desde cualquier estación de trabajo de la red. En este trabajo se aborda la temática de la virtualización de escritorios, primero desde un punto plenamente teórico y genérico para sentar unas bases mínimas, para posteriormente tratar una parte práctica cuyos principales objetivos son: el análisis de las posibles v vi soluciones para escritorios Linux disponibles en el mercado actual, la selección de aquella más adecuada al entorno de la “UCLV”, la realización del diseño, la implementación y despliegue de la infraestructura en el entorno corporativo real de la Universidad. Todo ello, desde la perspectiva de un proyecto piloto que permitirá, en un futuro cercano, cubrir y completar las necesidades de la comunidad universitaria. vi vii TABLA DE CONTENIDOS PENSAMIENTO ..................................................................................................................... i DEDICATORIA .................................................................................................................... ii AGRADECIMIENTOS ........................................................................................................ iii TAREA TÉCNICA ............................................................................................................ iv RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................. v INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................. 1 CAPÍTULO 1. MODELOS DE IMPLEMENTACIÓN EN LA NUBE Y MÉTODOS DE VIRTUALIZACIÓN DE ESCRITORIOS ............................................................................. 4 1.1. Modelo VDI ............................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Del ASP al SaaS ....................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Cloud Computing o “la nube” .................................................................................. 5 1.4 Software de implementación. Modelo SaaS ............................................................ 8 1.4.1 SaaS, punto de vista técnico ............................................................................. 9 1.4.2 Características del modelo SaaS ..................................................................... 10 1.4.3 Capa de presentación. Modelo SaaS ............................................................... 10 1.4.3.1 Elementos de interfaz de usuario ................................................................ 11 1.4.3.2 Aplicaciones SaaS ....................................................................................... 11 1.5 Modelo de transición a SaaS .................................................................................. 12 vii viii 1.5.1 SaaS en el mercado ......................................................................................... 13 1.5.2 Escalabilidad; más allá de SaaS ...................................................................... 14 1.6 Despliegue de herramientas para la virtualización del escritorio. .......................... 15 1.6.1 Quality Virtual Desktop (QVD) ..................................................................... 15 1.6.1.1 Características ............................................................................................. 17 1.6.1.2 Versiones de QVD ...................................................................................... 18 1.6.1.3 Requisitos técnicos ...................................................................................... 18 1.6.2 VMware Horizon Application Manager y Thin App ...................................... 19 1.6.3 Xen App .........................................................................................................
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