Título: Virtualización De Escritorios Empleando Herramientas De Software Libre

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Título: Virtualización De Escritorios Empleando Herramientas De Software Libre i Departamento de Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones Título: Virtualización de escritorios empleando herramientas de software libre Autor: Leandro Lemos Darias Tutores: Ing. Ernesto Pérez Peláez , junio del 2019 ii Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Title: Desktop virtualization using free software tools Author: Leandro Lemos Darias Thesis Director: Ing. Ernesto Pérez Peláez , june 2019 iii Hago constar que el presente trabajo de diploma fue realizado en la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas como parte de la culminación de estudios de la especialidad de Ingeniería en Automática, autorizando a que el mismo sea utilizado por la Institución, para los fines que estime conveniente, tanto de forma parcial como total y que además no podrá ser presentado en eventos, ni publicados sin autorización de la Universidad. Firma del Autor Los abajo firmantes certificamos que el presente trabajo ha sido realizado según acuerdo de la dirección de nuestro centro y el mismo cumple con los requisitos que debe tener un trabajo de esta envergadura referido a la temática señalada. Firma del Tutor Firma del Jefe de Departamento donde se defiende el trabajo Firma del Responsable de Información Científico-Técnica iv Este documento es Propiedad Patrimonial de la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, y se encuentra depositado en los fondos de la Biblioteca Universitaria “Chiqui Gómez Lubian” subordinada a la Dirección de Información Científico Técnica de la mencionada casa de altos estudios. Se autoriza su utilización bajo la licencia siguiente: Atribución- No Comercial- Compartir Igual Para cualquier información contacte con: Dirección de Información Científico Técnica. Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Carretera a Camajuaní. Km 5½. Santa Clara. Villa Clara. Cuba. CP. 54 830 Teléfonos.: +53 01 42281503-1419 v PENSAMIENTO “Si no trabajas por tus sueños, alguien te contratara para que trabajes por los suyos” Steve Jobs. vi DEDICATORIA Quiero dedicar este trabajo a mis padres y esposa; por su sacrificio y entrega. Por haberme apoyado en los momentos más difíciles. A mi hijo, esperando que un día te sientas orgulloso de mí. A todos, gracias, los amo. vii AGRADECIMIENTOS A todos eso buenos amigos de la manada con los que pase tantos momentos. Pero en especial a Ernesto pues sin su apoyo no lo hubiera podido lograr. En general a todas aquellas personas que de una forma u otra me brindaron su mano. A todos muchas gracias, los quiero. viii TAREA TÉCNICA 1. Análisis de las soluciones de infraestructuras de virtualización de escritorios para Linux disponibles en el mercado actual para entornos empresariales. 2. Descripción de los elementos y conceptos fundamentales relacionados con la plataforma seleccionada para la virtualización de escritorios. 3. Realizar un diseño, implantación y despliegue de la infraestructura de virtualización de escritorios en el entorno de la Universidad Central Marta Abreu de “Las Villas”. 4. Evaluación de los resultados de la infraestructura implementada en diferentes escenarios de producción. 5. Elaboración del informe del trabajo de diploma. Firma del Autor Firma del Tutor ix RESUMEN Desde hace años, el entorno tradicional de las redes corporativas se ha desarrollado sobre una infraestructura en la que cada usuario poseía su propio ordenador, totalmente dedicado y conectado a la red. Todos los usuarios y dispositivos eran administrados por el personal TI, necesario para gestionar las diferentes configuraciones, licencias y actualizaciones de cada equipo. Es en este marco donde encajan a la perfección las infraestructuras de escritorios virtuales (Virtual Desktop Infraestructure, VDI) que hace referencia al uso de "equipos de escritorio virtualizados" alojados de forma centralizada en un servidor. De este modo, el equipo de escritorio del usuario consiste en una imagen de pantalla en la estación de trabajo, mientras que los archivos, datos y aplicaciones se almacenan y administran desde un servidor central. Con el amparo de la experiencia previa de la Universidad Central Marta Abreu de “Las Vilas” (UCLV) en el despliegue de una infraestructura Linux, en este trabajo se aborda la temática de la virtualización de escritorios, primero desde un punto plenamente teórico y genérico para sentar unas bases mínimas, para posteriormente tratar una parte práctica cuyos principales objetivos son: el análisis de las posibles soluciones VDI para escritorios Linux disponibles en el mercado actual, la selección de aquella más adecuada al entorno de la UCLV, la realización del diseño, la implantación y despliegue de la infraestructura en el entorno corporativo real de la Universidad Central. Todo ello, desde la perspectiva de un proyecto piloto que permitirá, en un futuro cercano, cubrir y completar las necesidades de la comunidad universitaria. Palabras clave: Virtualización, Escritorios, Linux, QVD, VDI. x TABLA DE CONTENIDOS PENSAMIENTO ................................................................................................................... iv DEDICATORIA .................................................................................................................... vi AGRADECIMIENTOS ....................................................................................................... vii TAREA TÉCNICA ............................................................................................................. viii RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................ ix TABLA DE CONTENIDOS .................................................................................................. x INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................... xiv CAPÍTULO 1. INFRAESTRUCTURA DE VIRTUALIZACION DE ESCRITORIOS. 17 1.1 Virtualización .............................................................................................................. 17 1.1.1 Conceptos básicos ........................................................................................... 17 1.2 Tipos de virtualización ................................................................................................ 20 1.2.1 Virtualización de plataforma .......................................................................... 20 1.2.2 Virtualización de recursos .............................................................................. 22 1.2.3 Virtualización de aplicaciones ........................................................................ 23 1.2.4 Virtualización de escritorios ........................................................................... 24 1.3 Virtualización de escritorios o VDI ............................................................................. 24 1.3.1 Conceptos básicos ........................................................................................... 26 1.4 Comparativa de productos ........................................................................................... 26 1.4.1 Comparativa de plataformas de escritorios virtuales ...................................... 27 1.5 Solución a implementar ............................................................................................... 30 1.6 Que es QVD ................................................................................................................ 32 1.6.1 Componentes principales ................................................................................ 34 xi 1.6.2 Componentes secundarios ............................................................................... 35 1.7 Conclusiones del capítulo ............................................................................................ 36 CAPÍTULO 2. METODOLOGÍA DE INSTALACIÓN Y ADMINISTRACIÓN DE QVD. 37 2.1 QVD (Quality Virtual Destokp) ................................................................................. 37 2.1.1 Instalación y configuración de QVD ................................................................... 39 2.1.2 Hardware del Sistema .......................................................................................... 40 2.1.3 Interfaz de red ...................................................................................................... 41 2.2 Instalación y configuración de QVD DB .................................................................... 42 2.2.1 Instalacion de QVD DB ....................................................................................... 42 2.2.2 Creación de una cuenta de usuario ...................................................................... 43 2.2.3 Creación de la base de datos QVD ...................................................................... 43 2.2.4 Cambiar la configuración de PostgreSQL ........................................................... 43 2.2.5 Configuración básica ........................................................................................... 44 2.2.6 Instalación de las tablas de QVD ......................................................................... 45 2.3 Instalación y configuración del nodo .......................................................................... 46 2.3.1 Instalación de HKD y herramientas de administración ....................................... 46 2.4 Configuración básica e indispensable de administración de QVD ............................. 49 2.4.1 Requisitos de red .................................................................................................
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