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Arrian on Coursing : the Cynegeticus of the Younger Xenophon

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Arrian on Coursing : the Cynegeticus of the Younger Xenophon "> -. )^ ov TUFTS UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 9090 014 535 930 Webster Familv Veterinary Medicine Cumr;.' j Road Nonn _ f.lA 01 533 C-^ Z^' a '^Jr^'^"^"''^"^ '1' A [vCII (W CONS'IW N I N !•; : ^"^A arrian on iSTourfiiing^ THE CYNEGETICUS THE YOUNGER XENOPHON, TRANSLATED FROM THE GREEK, WITH CLASSICAL AND PRACTICAL ANNOTATIONS, AND A BRIEF SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF THE AUTHOR. TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING SOME ACCOUNT OF THE CANES VENATICI OF CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY. BY A GRADUATE OF MEDICINE. ?18itttfi ISmtfnisfjtiirnls from tlfte Antique. LONDON J. BOHN, 17, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. MDCCCXXXI. CTtoo l^unlireli ants Jfitivi CToptcs of tl&ts SliBoi-fe arc l^rintetr. EX iEDIBUS VALPIANIS. iurrarj) .^matrur.^ oxm Ica^r-b^ The fonioT^^fmi'i? W(Dir]kV / yyy Dat milii prrt-'teroA , lanqtiani se. pacvA, d-edissct Uona , <iineiin imufttis. qiieiu- cum. stLa, traderct illi CynUiiA, currervdo superabit dixerat oinii.es Dill sim-ul et jaeulun); majiibiis qvLod (ccrms) haieTnus Ovui Mel<vrn L W — HIOKi'UL ANEUM PREFACE. Nee desiuat unquam Tecum Graia loqui teciun Romana vetustas. Claudian, The following version does not aim at pleasing the mere literary man. It was not undertaken with the ambitious expectation of being generally acceptable. It is addressed to the coursing public alone—to the amateurs of the leash ; for whom the original was written, seventeen centuries ago, by their representative of old, a courser of Nicomedia in Asia Minor; and for whose amusement and instruction the same now assumes an English garb. The general reader will find little in it to interest him. He will perhaps consider it altogether unworthy of his notice. The sportsman, fond of the inasical confusion Of hounds and echo in conjunction, will read it with indifference, as treating of a branch of rural sport, not congenial to his taste ; and wonder that an attempt should be made to bring under public notice so ancient a treatise on a subject of such partial interest. But the courser, A ! PREFACE. it is humbly conceived, the active patron of the xvvsg KeKrixa), proud of his greyhounds, that are as swift As breathed stags, aye fleeter than the roe, will peruse it con amore, and find in its pages much that is entertaining and practically useful, and that utility enhanced in the department of annotation. The literary courser, whose attention it more particularly solicits, will reap the additional benefit of the light which is thrown on Arrian's text by the ancient authors of Greece and Rome ; and be ready to yield to the translator the humble merit of having collected in one point of view the classical elucidations of the Cynegeticus,' and the pertinent observations of writers of a later period. Pro captu lectoris habent sua fata libelli The original manual is conversant with coursing, as practised in the age of Hadrian and the Antonini, at which period the Celtic hound was well known, and highly prized : but the annotations of the translator have a more extensive range, being selected from various Cynegetica in print and manuscript, from the first institution of coursing to the present time." 1. The editors of the Greek libellus confine their remarks almost exclusively to critical annotations on the text. Indeed Holstein's edition has no notes ; Blancard's, only a few marginal emendations; and Zeune's and Schneider's, very few parallel passages. Such classical citations, therefore, as are adduced by the translator, are for the most part of novel application. 2. The quotations from the Cynegeticus of Xenophon the elder refer to the chase- practices and kennel-discipline of Greece, antecedent to the institution of coursing. '> V H I-. I' A V V. The imperfect poem of Gratius, the Faliscian, on hunting, Gratii Falisci Cyncg. VS.203. and the often-cited simile of his contemporary Ovid, afford Ovid, ftictam. L. I. vs. 5:{3. ft the earhest notice of the canis GaUicus — for he was unknown L. vu. vs.78i, to ancient Greece.^ The description of a single-handed course by the poet of the Metamorphoses, as it is the first attempt of the kind by any classic author, so is it unrivalled in the accuracy of its technical phraseology, and the beauty of its poetry. Intermediate in point of time between the vivid Ovidian sketch, and the full and perfect picture of Arrian, are the faint outlines of the epigrammatist Martial : and Martial. L. m. Epig. 47. et subsequent to the Bithynian's, the somewhat doubtful por- L- xiv. Epig. 200. trait of the philologist Julius Pollux, presented to the Emperor Poiiuc. Ono- . mast. L.v.Prffif. Commodus ; and yet later, that of Oppian, the Greek poet Oppian. Cyneg. L. I. vs. 401. of Anazarbus, of the reigns of Severus and Caracalla. — 1. This statement is limited to classical authors alone ; the Biblical scholar might possibly arraign its accuracy, if made more general ; though it scarce needs qualifi- cation to suit the doubtful interpretation of the Hebrew test of Proverbs ch. xxx. ver. 31 . No allusion occurring elsewhere in the sacred volume to dogs of the chase, though many to the earlier varieties of Venation with predatory instruments, it is improbable that the words of Agur to his pupils Ithiel and Ucal should refer to the most uncom- mon of the canine tribe, the canis Leporarius, Gallicus, or Vertragus. The Hebrew- expression, however, for " accinctus lumbis," "girt in the loins," as explained in Bocnarti Hie- the margin of the English version, is understood by Jewish lexicographers to desig- nate the greyhound, and is so rendered in the English text. But with the learned Bochart (Prjefat. ad Lectorem— wherein he corrects a few errors of the body of his work, and gives his latest and most mature opinions on certain Scriptural difficulties —a part of his writings apparently overlooked by modern annotators, to the farther propagation of error) I should rather understand the horse to be the animal alluded to —" equura intelligi malim, qui non solum expedite, sed et superbe, et cum porap^ Ejusdeni Prse- quadam incedit: et lumbos habet cingula vel zonk vere succinctos. Quod an de '^t.adLectorem. cane dici possit valde arabigo." After all, perhaps, no particular animal may have been intended by the son of Jakeh. The term may have—a general reference to any animal of the frame alluded to —" substricta gerens — ilia " The chapter containing Ovid. Metam. the passage in question is not found in the Sepluagiiit; indeed the Greek version of "'• the LXX. terminates with the 29th chapter. — PREFACE. In these authors alone do we find any allusion to the courser's hound, till towards the close of the third century, when he Nemesidii. Cy- again appears in the Cynegeticon of Nemesian ; who has ^ ^^ "^ neg. vs. lOG. ^ cleverly struck out in a few lines the elegant symmetry of his shape, and added thereto some peculiar remarks on the selec- tion, feeding, and entrance of puppies. With the scanty por- traiture of the Carthaginian poet we are brought down to the *^ l':jusd. vs. 64. reigns of Carus, his sons, Divi fortissima pignora Cari," and Diocletian : at which epoch, memorable alike in the annals of the world and its literature, the classical history of the leash may be said to terminate, and therewith all notice of the Celtic hound. ^ We have no ancient records of the chase- to succeed the 1. In the 27th oration of Themistius, the eclectic philosopher of Paphlagonia, a passage occurs, which, as far as merely mentioning Celtic dogs by name, may be said to prolong the notice to the fourth century. The whole passage, as illustrative of the author's subject, " non loca attendenda sed homines," is curious and worthy of Themibtii Orat. citation '6<ttis 5e ayana Kvvas, tovtco TrpocrdxAes fxlv Krrifia, Kcd KeXrai, koI AaKaivai ''^^'"" aKvXuKfS' SdKvei 5e avrhv Ka\ rh KaffTopiSuv <f)i\ov, Kol rh 'ApKaSiKhv avrh, Kal rh KpTj- TiKhv, cus <pv(TLS Tuv 6r]pl<i>v eA.e^x^"' "^^^ iiivas Karh rijv oSbv eiriffTrofievaiS' ov irapdyf/e- rat Be ou5e ras olnoi (rKv\aKev6ii<Tas, et firjTe KaWovs iKeivwv iJ.y}Ti wkvttjtos \tl- KOLi'To. In favour of the greyhound being here cited, it may be remarked that the Bithynian courser calls the Celtic dog fieya KTrifia (cap. xxxii.) and his shape Ka\6u Ti XPWS ^"d derives his name airh rrjs wKvrriTos, as the characteristic distinction of the race. See some remarks on the " Canes Scolici " of Symniachus hereafter. 2. The Cynosophiura alone, a Greek work " de Cur& Canura," breaks the silence of many centuries. It is supposed to have been compiled, about the year 1270, by Demetrius of Constantinople, author of the first treatise " de Re Accipitraria," and physician to the Emperor Michael PalcEologas. To what is borrowed from the two Xenophons, nothing is added of novelty or interest, save in the department of canine pathology; indeed it is almost entirely confined to kennel-management and thera- peutics. No notice is taken of any variety of dog by name. The reader, who may wish to consult its medical nostrums, will find the treatise attached to the " Rei Acci- " pitraria; Scriptores" of Rigaltius (Lutctia; jidcxii.) and to the " Poeta: \'enatici of Johnson (Londini MDcxcix.). ^ PREFACE. Greek and Latin Cynegetica ; for tliough it be true that the Spelman.GGloss. barbarian codes of hivv, the Salic, Burg-undian, and German, ' ' o ' ' pp. 113. et extended their protection to our variety of Canis Venaticus, ^^lojs^in voclf about the year 500, under the title of Veltris and its synonyms ; and some of the Cynegetical writers appear to have been well known in the dark ages, and so highly valued in the eighth century, as to be read among the higher Greek and Roman classics, in the time of Charlemagne ; and we believe coursing and other sports were as attractive in the field, as the writers upon such subjects were in the schools, (for the court of this pnnce had its Veltrani, oincers oi the greyhound-kennel, qui voce.
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