In Search of a Nation's Fuel
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Tectonic and Climatic Control on Evolution of Rift Lakes in the Central Kenya Rift, East Africa
Quaternary Science Reviews 28 (2009) 2804–2816 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Tectonic and climatic control on evolution of rift lakes in the Central Kenya Rift, East Africa A.G.N. Bergner a,*, M.R. Strecker a, M.H. Trauth a, A. Deino b, F. Gasse c, P. Blisniuk d,M.Du¨ hnforth e a Institut fu¨r Geowissenschaften, Universita¨t Potsdam, K.-Liebknecht-Sr. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany b Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, USA c Centre Europe´en de Recherche et d’Enseignement de Ge´osciences de l’Environement (CEREGE), Aix en Provence, France d School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA e Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA article info abstract Article history: The long-term histories of the neighboring Nakuru–Elmenteita and Naivasha lake basins in the Central Received 29 June 2007 Kenya Rift illustrate the relative importance of tectonic versus climatic effects on rift-lake evolution and Received in revised form the formation of disparate sedimentary environments. Although modern climate conditions in the 26 June 2009 Central Kenya Rift are very similar for these basins, hydrology and hydrochemistry of present-day lakes Accepted 9 July 2009 Nakuru, Elmenteita and Naivasha contrast dramatically due to tectonically controlled differences in basin geometries, catchment size, and fluvial processes. In this study, we use eighteen 14Cand40Ar/39Ar dated fluvio-lacustrine sedimentary sections to unravel the spatiotemporal evolution of the lake basins in response to tectonic and climatic influences. We reconstruct paleoclimatic and ecological trends recor- ded in these basins based on fossil diatom assemblages and geologic field mapping. -
Biogeochemistry of Kenyan Rift Valley Lake Sediments
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 15, EGU2013-9512, 2013 EGU General Assembly 2013 © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Biogeochemistry of Kenyan Rift Valley Lake Sediments Sina Grewe (1) and Jens Kallmeyer (2) (1) University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geomicrobiology Group, Potsdam, Germany ([email protected]), (2) German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 4.5 Geomicrobiology, Potsdam, Germany ([email protected]) The numerous lakes in the Kenyan Rift Valley show strong hydrochemical differences due to their varying geologic settings. There are freshwater lakes with a low alkalinity like Lake Naivasha on the one hand and very salt-rich lakes with high pH values like Lake Logipi on the other. It is known that the underlying lake sediments are influenced by the lake chemistry and by the microorganisms in the sediment. The aim of this work is to provide a biogeochemical characterization of the lake sediments and to use these data to identify the mechanisms that control lake chemistry and to reconstruct the biogeochemical evolution of each lake. The examined rift lakes were Lakes Logipi and Eight in the Suguta Valley, Lakes Baringo and Bogoria south of the valley, as well as Lakes Naivasha, Oloiden, and Sonachi on the Kenyan Dome. The porewater was analysed for different ions and hydrogen sulphide. Additionally, alkalinity and salinity of the lake water were determined as well as the cell numbers in the sediment, using fluorescent microscopy. The results of the porewater analysis show that the overall chemistry differs considerably between the lakes. In some lakes, concentrations of fluoride, chloride, sulphate, and/or hydrogen sulphide show strong concentration gradients with depth, whereas in other lakes the concentrations show only minor variations. -
Wetlands of Kenya
The IUCN Wetlands Programme Wetlands of Kenya Proceedings of a Seminar on Wetlands of Kenya "11 S.A. Crafter , S.G. Njuguna and G.W. Howard Wetlands of Kenya This one TAQ7-31T - 5APQ IUCN- The World Conservation Union Founded in 1948 , IUCN— The World Conservation Union brings together States , government agencies and a diverse range of non - governmental organizations in a unique world partnership : some 650 members in all , spread across 120 countries . As a union , IUCN exists to serve its members — to represent their views on the world stage and to provide them with the concepts , strategies and technical support they need to achieve their goals . Through its six Commissions , IUCN draws together over 5000 expert volunteers in project teams and action groups . A central secretariat coordinates the IUCN Programme and leads initiatives on the conservation and sustainable use of the world's biological diversity and the management of habitats and natural resources , as well as providing a range of services . The Union has helped many countries to prepare National Conservation Strategies , and demonstrates the application of its knowledge through the field projects it supervises . Operations are increasingly decentralized and are carried forward by an expanding network of regional and country offices , located principally in developing countries . IUCN — The World Conservation Union - seeks above all to work with its members to achieve development that is sustainable and that provides a lasting improvement in the quality of life for people all over the world . IUCN Wetlands Programme The IUCN Wetlands Programme coordinates and reinforces activities of the Union concerned with the management of wetland ecosystems . -
Working Paper Or Information Paper
APIRG/19 WP/14 Appendix 3.2J INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION VOLCANIC ASH CONTINGENCY PLAN AFI REGION First Edition - October 2012 THIS DOCUMENT IS ISSUED BY THE DAKAR AND NAIROBI ICAO REGIONAL OFFICES UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE APIRG 1 Page 2 of 32 Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan – AFI Region FOREWARD Within and adjacent to the Africa and Indian Ocean (AFI) Region there are areas of volcanic activities which are likely to affect flight in the AFI Region. The major volcanoes in the region are located in the following States: Algeria, Cameroon, Cape Verde Islands, Chad, Comoros Island, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France (Reunion Island), Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain (Canary Islands, Madeira), Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. The names of the concerned volcano are listed in APPENDIX K (source: Smithsonian Institution). This document is the AFI Air Traffic Management (ATM) Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan which sets out standardised guidelines and procedures for the provision of information to airlines and en-route aircraft before and during a volcanic eruption. Volcanic contamination, of which volcanic ash is the most serious, is a hazard for safe flight operations. Mitigating the hazards posed by volcanic ash in the atmosphere and/or at the aerodrome cannot be resolved in isolation but through collaborative decision-making (CDM) involving all stakeholders concerned. During an eruption volcanic contamination can reach and exceed the cruising altitudes of turbine-powered -
Lake Turkana & Nabuyatom Crater
L a k e Tu rk a n a Day trip by Helicopter - 2019 Suguta sand dunes © Sam Stogdale Highlights Suguta - Turkana - Mathews Low level over the wildlife rich landscapes of Laikipia Silali Crater ‘Hoodoo’ and ‘Painted’ valleys Suguta sand dunes Flamingo on the soda lake of Logipi Southern shores of Lake Turkana & Nabuyatom crater Cycad forests of the Mathews Range Ewaso Nyiro river and the savannah landscapes of Samburu Hoodoo Valley © Tullow Oil L a k e Tu rk a n a 6 hours From the wildlife plains of Laikipia, we head north west into the Gregory Rift. Our first stop is on the summit of Silale crater, and then we drop down into the Suguta Valley. The landscape is constantly changing - desolate salt plains, lava flows and crocodile pools, through the colourful ‘painted’ and ‘hoodoo’ valleys. We touch down on the sand dunes, fly over the soda lake of Logipi where flocks of flamingo paint the shores pink, and we finally arrive at the fresh waters of Lake Turkana. Besides Nabuyatom Crater we touch down for refreshments. We return following the most scenic route, over the Ndotos and Mathews - a dominant mountain range that rises from the arid plains, with mist forests and ancient cycads on its summit. Our final leg takes us low level over the savannahs of Samburu. Lake Turkana © Sam Stogdale Silali Crater, southern end of the Suguta Valley A vast caldera, carpeted by grasses and shrubs, located at the southern tip of the Suguta Valley. @ Michael Poliza Suguta Valley Geologists have long been fascinated with this part of the Great Rift Valley. -
Influence of Regional Tectonics and Pre-Existing Structures on the Formation of Elliptical Calderas in the Kenyan Rift
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 23, 2021 Influence of regional tectonics and pre-existing structures on the formation of elliptical calderas in the Kenyan Rift E. A. M. ROBERTSON1*, J. BIGGS1, K. V. CASHMAN1, M. A. FLOYD2 & C. VYE-BROWN3 1School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen’s Road, Bristol BS8 2JN, UK 2Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA 3British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, UK *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: Calderas are formed by the collapse of large magma reservoirs and are commonly ellip- tical in map view. The orientation of elliptical calderas is often used as an indicator of the local stress regime; but, in some rift settings, pre-existing structural trends may also influence the orien- tation. We investigated whether either of these two mechanisms controls the orientation of calderas in the Kenyan Rift. Satellite-based mapping was used to identify the rift border faults, intra-rift faults and orientation of the calderas to measure the stress orientations and pre-existing structural trends and to determine the extensional regime at each volcano. We found that extension in north- ern Kenya is orthogonal, whereas that in southern Kenya is oblique. Elliptical calderas in northern Kenya are orientated NW–SE, aligned with pre-existing structures and perpendicular to recent rift faults. In southern Kenya, the calderas are aligned NE–SW and lie oblique to recent rift faults, but are aligned with pre-existing structures. -
Tanzania National Single Species Action Plan 2010-2020 for the Conservation of the Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias Minor)
THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM WILDLIFE DIVISION Sustainable Wetlands Management Program Tanzania National Single Species Action Plan 2010-2020 for the Conservation of the Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) (Photo courtesy Ma Aeberhard) February 2010 For the establishment of Community Based Natural Resource Management of Wetlands Tanzania Na onal Single Species Ac on Plan 2010-2020 for the Conserva on of the Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) 1 THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM WILDLIFE DIVISION Sustainable Wetlands Management Program Tanzania National Single Species Action Plan 2010-2020 for the Conservation of the Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) February 2010 For the establishment of Community Based Natural Resource Management of Wetlands Tanzania Na onal Single Species Ac on Plan 2010-2020 for the Conserva on of the Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) © Wildlife Division, 2011 For further informa on, please contact: Director Wildlife, Wildlife Division, PO Box 1994, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Phone: 255 22 2866408, 2866376, 2866418. Fax: 255 22 2865836, 2863496.Foreword E-mail: [email protected]., ii Tanzania Na onal Single Species Ac on Plan 2010-2020 for the Conserva on of the Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) Acknowledgements The Director of Wildlife wishes to acknowledge the following: Prepared with Financial and Technical Assistance from: Danida support to Sustainable Wetlands Management Program (SWMP), helped fund the mee ngs, workshops and prin ng of the fi rst dra and publica on. Flamingo Land, supported the publica on of the fi nal document. The support from BirdLife Interna onal for the par cipa on of regional specialists to a end mee ngs, is highly appreciated. -
Geothermal Exploration in Kenya – Status Report and Updates
Presented at SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal Resources, organized by UNU-GTP and KenGen, at Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha, Kenya, Nov. 13 – Dec. 3, 2019. GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION IN KENYA – STATUS REPORT AND UPDATES Peketsa Mwaro Mangi Kenya Electricity Generating Company PLC (KenGen) P.O. BOX 785-20117 Naivasha Kenya [email protected] ABSTRACT The world has 1.1 billion people without access to electricity. Out of this number, 600 million reside in sub-Saharan Africa. Most countries in this region have low electricity access rates of about 20%. With the high rate of population growth, this situation is expected to remain the same or worsen off, if corrective measures are not put in place. Closing the electricity gap in sub-Saharan Africa requires a multi- dimensional approach that will address the region’s energy problem as a whole. Kenya is one of the countries that have put prudent measures in place to try and address electricity access challenges. In Kenya, electricity peak load consumption is expected to grow from 1,679 MWe in 2016 to 2,225 MWe by 2020. To address this growth in demand, Kenya has scaled up renewable energy resources’ development with great focus on geothermal resources. Kenya is highly endowed with high temperature geothermal resources, which are generally untapped. Geothermal resources are mainly geologically controlled. The resources are located within the Kenyan Rift Valley which forms part of the East Africa Rift System (EARS). The EARS is a 4,000 km long rift that spans from Afar triple junction in Djibouti to the north, to Beira in Mozambique to the south. -
Tribes of Omo Valley & Lake Turkana
A CULTURALLY UNIQUE SAFARI EXPERIENCE START: Nairobi or Addis Ababa FINISH: Addis Ababa or Nairobi 4 passengers minimum OVERVIEW Be among the first to explore this pioneering route through two incredibly diverse countries which offers a spectacular adventure for the intrepid traveller. Experience the rarely visited Suguta Valley and Lake Turkana, said to be the cradle of mankind and discover the raw beauty of the largely untouched southern Ethiopian tribes people of the Omo Valley and the rare diversity of the Bale Mountains. This fully inclusive private tailor-made flying safari, encompasses a luxury aircraft, spectacular scenic flying over volcanic calderas, sand dunes, flamingoes and endless untouched landscapes. Fish for giant Nile Perch and Tigerfish, participate in ancient ceremonies in an area renowned the world over for its decorated tribes and track wolves on this awe inspiring journey of discovery. The welcome of a warm friendly people make for an itinerary of timeless wonder in this most ancient of lands. 10 DAYS TRIBES OF OMO VALLEY LAKE& LAKE TURKANA, OMO TURKANA VALLEY & BALE MOUNTAINS T: +254 20 260 7433 | E: [email protected] | www.scenicairsafaris.com Volcanic Caldera, Lake Turkana Mizan Teferi Tribesman, Omo Valley Bale Mountain Lodge View ITINERARY Lava Flows, Lake Turkana Day 1: Nairobi - Lake Turkana - Lobolo Camp Day 2: Lake Turkana - Lobolo Camp Day 3: Lake Turkana - Lokichoggio - Addis Ababa - Sheraton Hotel Day 4: Addis Ababa - Bale Mountains - Bale Mountain Lodge Day 5: Bale Mountains - Bale Mountain Lodge Day 6: Bale Mountains - Bale Mountain Lodge Day 7: Bale Mountains - Arba Minch - Omo Valley - Lumale Private Luxury Tented Camp Day 8: Omo Valley - Lumale Private Luxury Tented Camp Day 9: Omo Valley - Lumale Private Luxury Tented Camp Day 10: Omo Valley - Addis Ababa - End Of Safari As this is an all inclusive private tailor-made itinerary, the safari may start either in Nairobi or Addis Ababa, dependent upon your international arrival and departure details. -
IUCN Evaluation of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List
WHC-01/CONF.208/INF.12 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage IUCN Evaluation of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List Report to the World Heritage Committee Twenty-fifth session 11 – 16 December 2001 – Helsinki, Finland Prepared by IUCN – The World Conservation Union 20 October 2001 Cover photograph: Dorset and East Devon Coast (United Kingdom) Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................iii TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORTS ..............................................................1 B. Nominations of mixed properties to the World Heritage List .............................................................1 B.1. Palaearctic Realm .................................................................................................................................1 Cultural Landscape of Fertö-Neusiedler Lake (Austria and Hungary).................................................3 Masada National Park (Israel)............................................................................................................13 Central Sikhote – Alin (Russian Federation) .....................................................................................19 Karain Cave (Turkey) ........................................................................................................................30 C. Nominations of natural properties to the World Heritage -
CASE STUDY | JUNE 2018 Table of Contents
CASE STUDY | JUNE 2018 Table of contents Executive Summary 5 Introduction 8 Context 10 Tracing the Menengai Implementation Process 14 Lessons from the Case Study 19 Potential for Scaling Up and Replication 21 How the Case Study Informs the Science of Delivery 22 Annex A: Geothermal Energy Development in Kenya 25 PROJECT DATA COUNTRY AND REGION Kenya, Africa Annex B: List of interviewees 31 PARTNER ORGANIZATION Climate Investment Funds PROJECT TOTAL COST Annex C: References and bibliography 32 African Development Bank (AfDB) Geothermal Menengai Geothermal Development Project Development Company (GDC) (AfDB – USD 120 million; CIF – USD 25 million) ORGANIZATION TYPE PROJECT DURATION Governmental agency 2011–2018 DELIVERY CHALLENGES ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT This case study was financed by the Climate Investment Funds (CIF), and prepared by Jan Van Den Akker from Baastel. Mitigate resource, credit, and financial risks to attract A number of people contributed to the preparation of this case study. The author is grateful to Solomon ASFAW from public and private investment in geothermal energy CONTACT African Development Bank (AfDB) and George Mwenda from Kenya’s Geothermal Development Company (GDC) and their respective teams for sharing their extensive knowledge of years of experience in coordinating this project. The author is development CASE AUTHOR also grateful for the valuable contributions provided by Leandro Azevedo (AFDB), Emmanuel Kouadio, Sandra Romboli Jan VAN DEN AKKER (Baastel) DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE and Rafael Ben from the CIF. Support from the World Bank’s Science of Delivery team was essential to ensure the final Secure a reliable, sustainable, and affordable power PROJECT EXPERT quality of the case study and prepare it for publication. -
SURFACE at Syracuse University
Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE June 2014 STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK AND QUATERNARY PALEOLIMNOLOGY OF THE LAKE TURKANA RIFT, KENYA Amy Morrissey Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Morrissey, Amy, "STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK AND QUATERNARY PALEOLIMNOLOGY OF THE LAKE TURKANA RIFT, KENYA" (2014). Dissertations - ALL. 62. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/62 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dissertation abstract Lake sediments are some of the best archives of continental climate change, particularly in the tropics. This study is focused on three ~10m sediment cores and high- resolution seismic reflection data from Lake Turkana in northern Kenya. Lake Turkana is the world’s largest desert lake and the largest lake in the Eastern Branch of the East African Rift System. It is situated at ~2 °N at 360 m elevation and is ~250 km long and ~30 km wide with a mean depth of 35 m. The lake surface receives less than 200 mm yr-1 of rainfall during the twice-annual passing of the Intertropical Convergence Zone via Indian Ocean- derived moisture, and evaporation is >2300 mm yr-1. This study is the first to quantify the climate and deepwater limnologic changes that have occurred in the area during the African Humid Period (AHP) and since the Last Glacial Maximum. A 20-kyr, multiproxy lake level history was derived from ~1100 km of CHIRP seismic reflection data, in conjunction with gamma ray bulk density, magnetic susceptibility, total organic carbon, total inorganic carbon, core lithology, and scanning XRF data from sediment cores that were chronologically constrained by radiocarbon dates.