DOCSLIB.ORG

The Transformation of Twenty-Four Solar Terms by Art Education Into

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Transformation of Twenty-Four Solar Terms by Art Education Into THE TRANSFORMATION OF TWENTY-FOUR SOLAR TERMS BY ART EDUCATION INTO THE VISUAL DESIGN OBJECTS FOR CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY PURPOSES-A CASE STUDY OF THE BEGINNING SPRING SOLAR TERM AND AUTUMN EQUINOX SOLAR TERM By Miss Liu WEI A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Doctor of Philosophy DESIGN ARTS (INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM) Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2020 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University - โดย MissLIU WEI วิทยานิพนธ์นี้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการศึกษาตามหลักสูตรปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิต สาขาวิชาศิลปะการออกแบบ แบบ 1.1 ปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิต(หลักสูตรนานาชาติ) บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร ปีการศึกษา 2563 ลิขสิทธิ์ของบัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร THE TRANSFORMATION OF TWENTY-FOUR SOLAR TERMS BY ART EDUCATION INTO THE VISUAL DESIGN OBJECTS FOR CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY PURPOSES-A CASE STUDY OF THE BEGINNING SPRING SOLAR TERM AND AUTUMN EQUINOX SOLAR TERM By Miss Liu WEI A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Doctor of Philosophy DESIGN ARTS (INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM) Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2020 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University Title THE TRANSFORMATION OF TWENTY-FOUR SOLAR TERMS BY ART EDUCATION INTO THE VISUAL DESIGN OBJECTS FOR CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY PURPOSES-A CASE STUDY OF THE BEGINNING SPRING SOLAR TERM AND AUTUMN EQUINOX SOLAR TERM By Liu WEI Field of Study DESIGN ARTS (INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM) Advisor Assistant Professor VEERAWAT SIRIVESMAS , Ph.D. Graduate School Silpakorn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Dean of graduate school (Associate Professor Jurairat Nunthanid, Ph.D.) Approved by Chair person (Professor Eakachat Joneurairatana ) Advisor (Assistant Professor VEERAWAT SIRIVESMAS , Ph.D.) Co advisor ( Rueanglada Punyalikhit , Ph.D.) External Examiner (Professor Nicole Wragg , Ph.D.) D ABSTRACT 60155905 : Major DESIGN ARTS (INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM) Keyword : Twenty-four solar terms, Chinese paper-cutting, Art and design education, Intangible Cultural Heritage, Chinese Yin and Yang Philosophy MISS LIU WEI : THE TRANSFORMATION OF TWENTY-FOUR SOLAR TERMS BY ART EDUCATION INTO THE VISUAL DESIGN OBJECTS FOR CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY PURPOSES-A CASE STUDY OF THE BEGINNING SPRING SOLAR TERM AND AUTUMN EQUINOX SOLAR TERM THESIS ADVISOR : ASSISTANT PROFESSOR VEERAWAT SIRIVESMAS, Ph.D. The Twenty-four solar terms guide agricultural production and Chinese people's daily lives. Industrialization and informatization have changed the way of life of the Chinese. People are gradually moving away from nature and agricultural production, and the twenty-four solar terms are facing a crisis of cultural loss. UNESCO listed the Twenty-four solar terms as the world's intangible cultural heritage of humanity in 2016, but most ordinary Chinese still do not realize the urgency of protecting this traditional culture. This is a practical study. The research goal is to transform the invisible Twenty-four solar terms culture into visible Chinese paper-cut works and then promote the invisible Twenty-four solar terms culture through art and design education. This research transforms Twenty-four solar term cultures into visual design objects and integrates them into art and design education for community residents. This article's research framework is partly based on the review of relevant literature. The following conclusions are reached through questionnaire surveys, expert interviews, and field surveys:1) Intergenerational inheritance focuses on intangible cultural heritage; 2) Service life is inheriting intangible cultural innovation Development trend. Therefore, this research is carried out by holding art and design education paper-cutting workshops. The results show that it is feasible to transform the invisible twenty-four solar term culture into visible Chinese paper-cutting and promote the invisible Twenty-four solar-term culture through art and design education. Therefore, the theoretical research framework of " intangible cultural heritage inheritance" is deduced, which can be used to study intangible cultural heritage inheritance. This theoretical framework can be summarized as Transforming invisible, intangible cultural heritage into a new visual form and value through visual art forms to realize the two tasks of interpretation and inheritance of intangible culture. E ACKNOWLEDGE MENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to Silpakorn University, supporting research, innovation, and creativity. For its support and cooperation in this project in Bangkok's Chinatown community activities. I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to my doctoral supervisor, assistant professor Dr. Veerawat Sirivesmas and my doctoral advisor Dr. Ruenglada Punyalikit ( Faculty of Decorative Arts, Silpakorn University) , for both of their patience, motivation, and valuable knowledge, allowing me to grow as a researcher. I would like to acknowledge all the experts and lecturers in the Doctor of Philosophy Program in Design Arts ( International program) , Faculty of Decorative Arts, Silpakorn University, for their useful suggestions, which became a valuable contribution present study. I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Eakachat Joneurairatana for agreeing to be the committee chair for the thesis. Once again, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to all the mentioned lecturers. I wish to extend my appreciation to Mr. Somchai Kwangtongpanich ( Chinatown historian), and Zhang Bo (deputy director of Thailand China Culture Center) and Xiao Ke-zhi (former curator of China Agricultural Museum), and Xiao Fang (Professor of Beijing Normal University, Chinese folklorist) for their support in all matters throughout the research process. I would also like to thank the students of grades 2018 and grade 2019 of the Visual Communication Design Department of Liaoning University of science and technology and Liaoning General Chamber of Commerce of Thailand for your generosity, constant support motivation. I am thankful to all of the people whose names are not listed here. Thank you so much for the help given through thick and thin and for continuous understanding and encouragement. Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my family, especially my aunt Li Wen-Xiu who has continuously provided support, encouragement, and financial support. I also would like to thank Dr. Watanapun Krutasaen and Dr. Khun Kunius, and Ph.D. candidate Yang Xing for their advice, help, and endless encouragement. Liu WEI TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................... D ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................. E TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... F LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................. N LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... O Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Research background .............................................................................................................. 1 Research question ................................................................................................................... 2 Research Objectives ................................................................................................................ 3 Research hypothesis ................................................................................................................ 3 Research scope ........................................................................................................................ 3 Research outcome ................................................................................................................... 4 Research methodology ........................................................................................................... 5 Definition terminology ............................................................................................................ 5 Chapter conclusion ................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 2 Literature review ........................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage ............................................................................. 9 2.1.1 Cultural heritage ...................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Intangible cultural heritage ................................................................................... 9 2.1.3 Chinese intangible cultural heritage ................................................................. 10 2.1.4 Chinese intangible cultural heritage is facing a crisis of inheritance .......... 11 G 2.1.5 Excellent cases of inheritance of Chinese cultural heritage ........................ 12 2.1.5.1 The Palace Museum of Ming and Qing Dynasties ............................. 12 2.1.5.2 Taishan Shadow Puppet .......................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Calculation of Moon Phases and 24 Solar Terms
    Calculation of Moon Phases and 24 Solar Terms Yuk Tung Liu (廖²棟) First draft: 2018-10-24, Last major revision: 2021-06-12 Chinese Versions: ³³³qqq---文文文 简简简SSS---文文文 This document explains the method used to compute the times of the moon phases and 24 solar terms. These times are important in the calculation of the Chinese calendar. See this page for an introduction to the 24 solar terms, and this page for an introduction to the Chinese calendar calculation. Computation of accurate times of moon phases and 24 solar terms is complicated, but today all the necessary resources are freely available. Anyone familiar with numerical computation and computer programming can follow the procedure outlined in this document to do the computation. Before stating the procedure, it is useful to have a basic understanding of the basic concepts behind the computation. I assume that readers are already familiar with the important astronomy concepts mentioned on this page. In Section 1, I briefly introduce the barycentric dynamical time (TDB) used in modern ephemerides, and its connection to terrestrial time (TT) and international atomic time (TAI). Readers who are not familiar with general relativity do not have to pay much attention to the formulas there. Section 2 introduces the various coordinate systems used in modern astronomy. Section 3 lists the formulas for computing the IAU 2006/2000A precession and nutation matrices. One important component in the computation of accurate times of moon phases and 24 solar terms is an accurate ephemeris of the Sun and Moon. I use the ephemerides developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the computation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mathematics of the Chinese Calendar
    The Mathematics of the Chinese Calendar Helmer Aslaksen Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore [email protected] www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/ August 28, 2003 1 Introduction Chinese New Year is the main holiday of the year for more than one quarter of the world’s population; very few people, however, know how to compute its date. For many years I kept asking people about the rules for the Chinese calendar, but I wasn’t able to find anybody who could help me. Many of the people who were knowledgeable about science felt that the traditional Chinese calendar was backwards and superstitious, while people who cared about Chinese culture usually lacked the scientific knowledge to understand how the calendar worked. In the end I gave up and decided that I had to figure it out for myself. This paper is the result. The rules for the Chinese calendar have changed many times over the years. This has caused a lot of confusion for people writing about it. Many sources describe the rules that were used before the last calendar reform in 1645, and some modern sources even describe the rules that were used before 104 BCE! In addition, the otherwise authoritative work of Needham ([32]) almost completely ignores the topic. For many years, the only reliable source in English was the article by Doggett in the Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac ([12]), based on unpublished work of Liu and Stephenson ([25]). But thanks to the efforts of Dershowitz and Reingold ([11]), correct information and computer programs are now easily available.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing the Significance of Solar Term Effect in the Taiwan Stock Market
    Expert Systems with Applications 36 (2009) 6140–6144 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Expert Systems with Applications journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eswa Testing the significance of solar term effect in the Taiwan stock market Hui-Miao Cheng a, Kuo-Ching Ying b,* a Department of Information Management, China University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan b Department of Industrial Management and Management Information, Huafan University, No. 1, Huafan Road, Taipei, Taiwan article info abstract Keywords: This paper examines lunisolar calendar anomalies in the Taiwan stock market, particularly the solar term Calendar effects effect. Using the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX), the significance of Solar terms the solar term effect was tested. Statistical results showed that the lowest and the highest average stock Taiwan stock market returns are observed on Cold Dew and White Dew, respectively. Additionally, we found that all of the solar terms with negative average stock returns occurred during the period of Grain Fills to Winter Solstice. Although many investors believe that the solar term effect exists in the Taiwan stock market, the results of this study appear to show that the solar term effect is a mere superstition. The analytical results may prove useful for future theoretical and empirical work on the stock market in Taiwan and elsewhere. Ó 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction and Jorion (1996) verified month-of-the-year effect or January effect of the stock market wherein stocks, especially small-cap stocks, Since the efficient market hypotheses (EMH) evolved from Fa- have historically tended to rise markedly in price during the period ma’s dissertation in 1965, topics related to capital market effi- starting on the last day of December and ending on the fifth trading ciency have been of continuing interest for researchers and the day of January.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Design Strategy for Sustainable Development of Chinese Solar Term Culture
    sustainability Article Study on Design Strategy for Sustainable Development of Chinese Solar Term Culture Wen-Tao Li 1,*, Ming-Chyuan Ho 2 and Chun Yang 1 1 Graduate School of Design, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Yunlin 640, Taiwan; [email protected] 2 College of Design, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Yunlin 640, Taiwan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-96-6640-322 Received: 13 October 2018; Accepted: 6 November 2018; Published: 22 November 2018 Abstract: The 24 solar terms that form the traditional lunisolar calendar were created by ancient Chinese people. Through a literature review and semistructured interviews, this study clarified 19 key items of the design strategies for the sustainable development of solar term culture, and conducted factor extraction through factor analysis using SPSS statistical software on four types of expert questionnaires, including production, government, learning, and research. Then, four target layers, including humanistic aesthetic value, social sustainable value, practical innovation value, and scientific development value, were formed, thereby establishing a solar term culture design strategy indicator model. Secondly, the detailed indicators of the design strategies for solar term culture were employed to verify and evaluate the existing three types of design products, namely, graphic visual design, handicraft design, and commodity packaging design to conduct an overall evaluation and design value judgment, as well as the sustainable development of solar term culture design. Finally, the target levels of the four major aspects of solar term culture design were compared using SWOT analysis, and then, this paper discussed the design strategies, improvement basis, and characteristic developments of three different design types of design products or commodities regarding their design and development, in order to improve and construct a sustainable nonmaterial solar term culture design model.
    [Show full text]
  • T H E a Rt a N D a Rc H a E O L O Gy O F a N C I E Nt C H I
    china cover_correct2pgs 7/23/04 2:15 PM Page 1 T h e A r t a n d A rc h a e o l o g y o f A n c i e nt C h i n a A T E A C H E R ’ S G U I D E The Art and Archaeology of Ancient China A T E A C H ER’S GUI DE PROJECT DIRECTOR Carson Herrington WRITER Elizabeth Benskin PROJECT ASSISTANT Kristina Giasi EDITOR Gail Spilsbury DESIGNER Kimberly Glyder ILLUSTRATOR Ranjani Venkatesh CALLIGRAPHER John Wang TEACHER CONSULTANTS Toni Conklin, Bancroft Elementary School, Washington, D.C. Ann R. Erickson, Art Resource Teacher and Curriculum Developer, Fairfax County Public Schools, Virginia Krista Forsgren, Director, Windows on Asia, Atlanta, Georgia Christina Hanawalt, Art Teacher, Westfield High School, Fairfax County Public Schools, Virginia The maps on pages 4, 7, 10, 12, 16, and 18 are courtesy of the Minneapolis Institute of Arts. The map on page 106 is courtesy of Maps.com. Special thanks go to Jan Stuart and Joseph Chang, associate curators of Chinese art at the Freer and Sackler galleries, and to Paul Jett, the museum’s head of Conservation and Scientific Research, for their advice and assistance. Thanks also go to Michael Wilpers, Performing Arts Programmer, and to Christine Lee and Larry Hyman for their suggestions and contributions. This publication was made possible by a grant from the Freeman Foundation. The CD-ROM included with this publication was created in collaboration with Fairfax County Public Schools. It was made possible, in part, with in- kind support from Kaidan Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Background
    The Influences of Phenology on the Order of 24 Solar Terms in Ancient China XIN Jia-dai, CHEN Yi-wen, QU An-jing （Institute for Advanced Study in History of Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, China） Abstract The 24 solar terms is an important part of the traditional Chinese calendar system. However, when studying the existing historical literature which contains the 24 solar terms, we find that, as dynasty altered, its name and order changed. Scholars commenced discussing the reasons of these changes from the Eastern Han 東漢 dynasty (A.D. 25—220), but it has still not been solved. In this paper, by analyzing the viewpoints of ancient scholars on this topic, we try to find out the reasons why they didn’t break through. Based on these reasons, then we discriminate the editions of Yizhoushu·Shixunjie (逸周書·時訓解) and Huainanzi·Tianwenxun (淮南子·天文訓), the relations of Waking from hibernation (Qizhe 啓蟄) and Excited insects (Jingzhe 驚蟄), as well as tease out the evolution process of the names and orders of “Rainwater (Yushui 雨水) and Excited Insects”, “Grain rains (Guyu 榖雨) and Pure and bright (Qingming 清明)” recorded in the literature of the 24 solar terms. From the above we can come to the conclusion that the 24 solar terms has been changed four times in ancient China, and reveal that the order of solar terms is related to phenology, but it is not completely determined by the order of corresponding to phenology. Keywords the order of 24 solar terms, Waking from hibernation, Excited insects, phenology When studying the ancient Chinese calendars, we find that the names and orders of 24 solar terms recorded in the existing calendars were not uniform.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Them for Free; to find Them, Enter the Stock Code
    mathematics Article Statistics and Practice on the Trend’s Reversal and Turning Points of Chinese Stock Indices Based on Gann’s Time Theory and Solar Terms Effect Tianbao Zhou 1 , Xinghao Li 2 and Peng Wang 1,* 1 College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] 2 School of Information Science & Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Despite the future price of individual stocks has long been proved to be unpredictable and irregular according to the EMH, the turning points (or the reversal) of the stock indices trend still remain the rules to follow. Therefore, this study mainly aimed to provide investors with new strategies in buying ETFs of the indices, which not only avoided the instability of individual stocks, but were also able to get a high profit within weeks. Famous theories like Gann theory and the Elliott wave theory suggest that as part of the nature, market regulations and economic activities of human beings shall conform to the laws of nature and the operation of the universe. They further refined only the rules related to specific timepoints and the time cycle rather than the traditional analysis of the complex economic and social factors, which is, to some extent, similar to what the Chinese traditional culture proposes: that every impact on and change in the human society is always attributable to changes in the nature. The study found that the turns of the stock indices trend were inevitable at Citation: Zhou, T.; Li, X.; Wang, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese-Mandarin
    CHINESE-MANDARIN River boats on the River Li, against the Xingping oldtown footbridge, with the Karst Mountains in the distance, Guangxi Province Flickr/Bernd Thaller DLIFLC DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER 2018 About Rapport Predeployment language familiarization is target language training in a cultural context, with the goal of improving mission effectiveness. It introduces service members to the basic phrases and vocabulary needed for everyday military tasks such as meet & greet (establishing rapport), commands, and questioning. Content is tailored to support deploying units of military police, civil affairs, and engineers. In 6–8 hours of self-paced training, Rapport familiarizes learners with conversational phrases and cultural traditions, as well as the geography and ethnic groups of the region. Learners hear the target language as it is spoken by a native speaker through 75–85 commonly encountered exchanges. Learners test their knowledge using assessment questions; Army personnel record their progress using ALMS and ATTRS. • Rapport is available online at the DLIFLC Rapport website http://rapport.dliflc.edu • Rapport is also available at AKO, DKO, NKO, and Joint Language University • Standalone hard copies of Rapport training, in CD format, are available for order through the DLIFLC Language Materials Distribution System (LMDS) http://www.dliflc.edu/resources/lmds/ DLIFLC 2 DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER CULTURAL ORIENTATION | Chinese-Mandarin About Rapport .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • SCUFN31-03.1A DECISIONS and ACTIONS from SCUFN-30
    SCUFN31-03.1A DECISIONS and ACTIONS FROM SCUFN-30 (Status at the date of 30 June 2018) Note: DECISIONS have been kept in the list and highlighted in light grey when implemented (names now available in the GEBCO Gazetteer, for instance). Status & Decision/ Agenda Details Comments Action Item (June 2018) 1 Opening and Administrative Arrangements IHO and IOC Secretariats to prepare calls for SCUFN Complete Membership vacancies for 4 IHO and 4 IOC representatives with the aim to select upcoming SCUFN30/01 Members by March 2018, so new nominees can investigate possibility of participating in SCUFN31 (2018). Complete (IHO CL SCUFN Sec. to call for nomination for SCUFN 29/2018 and SCUFN30/02 Chair/Vice-Chair in the invitation letter to SCUFN31, SCUFN Letter election to take place at the end of SCUFN31. 02/2018) Introduction by SCUFN Chair – SCUFN ROPs - 2 Approval of Agenda SCUFN Members endorsed the amendment of Complete SCUFN30/03 SCUFN TORs and ROPs (Doc. SCUFN30-01D). SCUFN Chair/Sec to submit amendment of SCUFN Complete (email SCUFN30/04 TORs and ROPs for approval to GGC iaw with Art. 9 SCUFN Sec. 3 Oct of the GGC TORs, copy to IOC Sec. 2017) Dec. 2017. SCUFN Sec. to upload the new Edition of the SCUFN Complete. SCUFN30/05 TORs and ROPs on the IHO website when approved Amendment by GGC. rejected by GGC. 2.2 Approval of Agenda With regard to the adoption of the agenda, SCUFN Complete. Members to consider the fast-track procedure first, SCUFN30/06 then to consider how SCUFN will review JCUFN fast- track proposals submitted for SCUFN30.
    [Show full text]
  • (Of Unesco) Undersea Feature Name
    INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION COMMISSION (OF UNESCO) UNDERSEA FEATURE NAME PROPOSAL (See NOTE overleaf) Note: The boxes will expand as you fill the form. Name Proposed: Xiaoman Hill Ocean or Sea: West Pacific Ocean Geometry that best defines the feature (Yes/no): Point Line Polygon Multiple Multiple Multiple Combination of points lines* polygons* geometries* Yes * Geometry should be clearly distinguished when providing the coordinates below. Lat. (e.g. 63°32.6’N) Long. (e.g. 046°21.3’W) 15°32.5'N (top) 134°32.9′E (top) 15°30.8'N (bottom) 134°33.3'E (bottom) 15°32.7'N 134°34.5'E Coordinates: 15°35.2'N 134°34.6'E 15°35.3'N 134°34.0'E 15°34.5'N 134°32.1'E 15°31.5'N 134°29.8'E 15°30.8'N 134°33.3'E Maximum Depth: 3400 m Steepness: Feature Minimum Depth: 2600 m Shape: polygon description: Total Relief: 800 m Dimension/Size: 9 km × 8.5 km This Hill is located on the Kyushu-Palau ridge, with “Mangzhong” Basin in southeast direction. The base size is about 9 km. The water depth is about 2600 Associated Features: m to the top and about 3400m to foothills. And the northwestern slope is slow yet southeastern slope is steep. Shown Named on Chart/Map Chart/Map References: Shown Unnamed on Chart/Map GEBCO 5.07 Within Area of Chart/Map Reason for Choice of Name The UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (if a person, state how associated adopted a decision that China's "the 24 Solar Terms" be inscribed on with the feature to be named): the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on 30 November in Ethiopia's capital Addis Ababa.
    [Show full text]
  • English Version with Simplified Chinese
    j Chinese and Japanese calendars 戊; (from a Japanese perspective) ロジェル )+ (Denis Roegel) ([email protected]) 2008年4月9o (corrected version, 28 April 2008) 4Y3 Denis Roegel jjj Chinese and Japanese calendars 戊戊戊;;; Warning This presentation certainly contains flaws and you, reader, can improve it by notifying me about Hànzì errors, or the possibly inacceptable usage of simplified and traditional Chinese; pinyin, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese or English language errors; serious gaps; historical errors; typographical errors; etc. Thank you very much in advance! Denis Roegel jjj Chinese and Japanese calendars 戊戊戊;;; Mystery? ? [M]ost [Chinese] people do not understand the regularities and patterns of the [Chinese] calendar. (the authors of an article on a Chinese calendar savant, 1991) ? Denis Roegel jjj Chinese and Japanese calendars 戊戊戊;;; What do we know about Chinese and Japanese calendars? Until recently, there was very little information in western languages: the classical western treatises (Matzka 1844, Bouchet 1868, etc.) do not cover the subject at all; several popular books (such as Lefort 1998) give only an incomplete description, often with errors; at best, the general public knows that the years have animal names (currently the rat), perhaps some connection with the Moon, and that the Chinese celebrate a shifted New Year, in their own way; during the past few years, things have changed, because information circulates better thanks to the internet, and there are more and more means to convert dates between calendars; one of the aims of this talk is to get all these facts right. Denis Roegel jjj Chinese and Japanese calendars 戊戊戊;;; Aims of this presentation introduction to the foundations of the Chinese and Japanese calendars: some history; some calendars; some astronomy; some mathematics; some Chinese; some Japanese, and surprises; what you won’t find much here: the time in the day; horology; the traditions associated to the various festivals; Chinese and Japanese astrology; Feng Shui; etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Gnomon Shadow Lengths Recorded in the Zhoubi Suanjing: the Earliest Meridian Observations in China? ∗
    Research in Astron. Astrophys. 2009 Vol. 9 No. 12, 1377–1386 Research in http://www.raa-journal.org http://www.iop.org/journals/raa Astronomy and Astrophysics Gnomon shadow lengths recorded in the Zhoubi Suanjing: the earliest meridian observations in China? ∗ Yong Li1 and Xiao-Chun Sun1,2 1 National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; [email protected] 2 Institute for the History of Natural Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100010, China Received 2009 April 10; accepted 2009 August 14 Abstract The Zhoubi Suanjing, one of the most important ancient Chinese books on mathematical astronomy, was compiled about 100 BC in the Western Han dynasty (BC 206 – AD 23). We study the gnomon shadow lengths for the 24 solar terms as recorded in the book. Special attention is paid to the so-called law of ‘cun qian li’, which says the shadow length of a gnomon of 8 chi (about 1.96 m) high will increase (or decrease) 1 cun (1/10 chi) for every 1000 li (roughly 400 km) the gnomon moves northward (or south- ward). From these data, one can derive the time and location of the observations. The re- sults, however, do not fit historical facts. We suggest that compilers of the Zhoubi Suanjing must have modified the original data according to the law of ‘cun qian li’. Through re- versing the situation, we recovered the original data, our analysis of which reveals the best possible observation time as 564 BC and the location of observation as 35.78 ◦ N latitude.
    [Show full text]