Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

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Prepared for Australian Vanadium 18 November 2019 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Document Status Rev Authors Reviewer/s Date Approved for Issue No. Name Distributed To Date 1 D.Brearley, D.Brearley 07/11/17 D.Brearley B.Durrant 09/11/17 B.Menezies J.Waters 2 D.Brearley E.Molloy 16/10/19 D.Brearley E.Molloy 07/11/19 3 D.Brearley E.Molloy 15/11/19 D.Brearley E.Molloy 18/11/19

ACN 095 837 120 PO Box 227 YALLINGUP WA 6282 Telephone 0427339842 E-mail: [email protected]

COPYRIGHT: The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of Onshore Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of Onshore Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd constitutes an infringement of copyright. DISCLAIMER: This report has been undertaken solely for Australian Vanadium Ltd. No responsibility is accepted to any third party who may come into possession of this report in whatever manner and who may use or rely on the whole or any part of this report. If any such third party attempts to rely on any information contained in this report such party should obtain independent advice in relation to such information.

i Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Australian Vanadium Ltd (AVL) commissioned Onshore Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd (Onshore Environmental) to undertake a two season detailed flora and vegetation survey covering the Gabanintha tenements E51/843, E51/1396 and E51/1534, herein referred to as the study area. The study area is situated approximately 45 km south- east of Meekatharra in the Murchison region of Western Australia.

The first season field survey was completed between the 31st March and 6th April 2017 with the second season field survey completed from the 1st to 10th September 2017.

A total number of 273 plant taxa from 40 families and 104 genera were recorded from the study area. Species representation was greatest among the Fabaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae and Scrophulariaceae families. The most speciose genus was Acacia (42 taxa), followed by Eremophila (22 taxa), Ptilotus (14 taxa), Maireana (12 taxa), Senna (12 taxa) and Eragrostis (10 taxa). None of the plant taxa recorded from the study area were gazetted as Threatened Flora pursuant to the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (BC Act), or listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).

Seven Priority flora taxa were recorded from the study area:  Acacia speckii (Priority 4);  Dodonaea amplisemina (Priority 4);  Goodenia berringbinensis (Priority 4);  Hibiscus krichauffianus (Priority 3);  Nicotiana heterantha (Priority 1);  Ptilotus lazaridis (Priority 3); and  Ptilotus luteolus (Priority 3).

Six plant taxa were considered to represent significant range extensions from the current known distributions:  Abutilon malvifolium;  Hibiscus verdcourtii;  Lipocarpha microcephala;  Marsilea costulifera;  Nicotiana heterantha (also listed as Priority 1); and  Sida trichopoda.

A total of four introduced species were recorded from the study area:  *Bidens bipinnata;  *Citrullus colocynthis;  *Lysimachia arvensis; and  *Tribulus terrestris.

None of these introduced taxa are listed as Declared Pests under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (BAM Act).

A total of 28 vegetation associations classified as 17 broad floristic formations and occurring on eleven broad landforms were described and mapped from the study area. None of the vegetation associations were aligned with federal or state listed Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs) or state listed Priority Ecological Communities (PECs), and all were well represented regionally.

ii Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Vegetation condition within the study area ranged from completely degraded to excellent, with the most common and widespread disturbance related to grazing by cattle. Other localised impacts resulted from historical mining activities in the northern sector of the study area, more recent mining exploration, and borrow pits for road construction. Vegetation condition across the largest proportion of the study area was rated as good and very good.

iii Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... iv 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Preamble ...... 1 1.2 Previous Surveys ...... 1 1.3 Biogeographic Regions ...... 1 1.4 Existing Land Use ...... 1 1.5 Climate ...... 3 1.6 Soils...... 3 1.7 Landforms ...... 4 1.8 Geology ...... 5 1.9 Flora and Vegetation ...... 6 1.10 Land Systems ...... 6 2.0 METHODOLOGY ...... 10 2.1 Legislation and Guidance Statements ...... 10 2.2 Desktop Assessment ...... 10 2.2.1 Literature Review ...... 10 2.2.2 Database Searches ...... 10 2.2.3 Assessment of Likelihood of Occurrence in the Study Area ...... 11 2.3 Baseline Survey Methodology ...... 11 2.3.1 Timing and Personnel ...... 11 2.3.2 Sampling of Study Sites ...... 11 2.3.3 Targeted Surveys for Conservation Significant Species...... 13 2.3.4 Weed Survey and Mapping ...... 14 2.3.5 Floristic Analysis ...... 14 2.3.6 Vegetation Association Mapping ...... 14 2.3.7 Vegetation Association Coding ...... 15 2.3.8 Vouchering ...... 15 2.3.9 Field Survey Constraints ...... 16 2.3.10 Assessment of Conservation Significance ...... 17 3.0 RESULTS ...... 18 3.1 Desktop Review ...... 18 3.1.1 Previous Baseline Flora Surveys ...... 18 3.1.2 Threatened Flora listed under the EPBC Act ...... 19 3.1.3 Threatened Flora listed under the IUCN Red List...... 19 3.1.4 Threatened Flora listed under the BC Act ...... 19 3.1.5 Priority Flora recognised by the DBCA ...... 19 3.1.6 TECs listed under State and Federal Legislation ...... 19 3.1.7 PECs recognised by DBCA ...... 21 3.2 Flora Species ...... 22 3.3 Significant Flora ...... 24 3.3.1 Threatened Flora listed under the BC Act and EPBC Act ...... 24 3.3.2 Significant Flora ...... 24 3.3.3 Range Extensions ...... 29 3.4 Introduced Flora ...... 31

iv Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

3.5 Threatened Ecological Communities ...... 35 3.6 Priority Ecological Communities ...... 35 3.7 Vegetation ...... 35 3.8 Vegetation Condition ...... 43 3.9 Representation and Reservation of Vegetation ...... 73 3.10 Conservation Significance of Vegetation ...... 76 3.10.1 National Significance ...... 76 3.10.2 State Significance ...... 76 3.10.3 Local Significance ...... 77 4.0 SUMMARY ...... 78 5.0 STUDY TEAM ...... 79 6.0 REFERENCES ...... 80 APPENDIX 1 Summary of results from previous flora and vegetation surveys within or in close proximity to the study area ..... 83 APPENDIX 2 Vegetation condition scale (as developed by Keighery 1994) ...... 90 APPENDIX 3 Column Fusion Dendrogram 84 quadrats by 273 plant taxa ...... 92 APPENDIX 4 Vegetation classifications for the Pilbara based on Specht (1970), as modified by Aplin (1979) and Trudgen (2009) ...... 94 APPENDIX 5 Conservation categories for flora described under the EPBC Act...... 96 APPENDIX 6 Conservation codes for Western Australian flora and fauna ...... 98 APPENDIX 7 Total flora list from the study area ...... 101 APPENDIX 8 Records for significant flora recorded from the study area ...... 111 APPENDIX 9 Records for introduced species recorded from the study area ...... 120 APPENDIX 10 Species by site matrix for the study area ...... 122 APPENDIX 11 Species by vegetation association matrix for the study area ...... 125 APPENDIX 12 Representative photographs, raw data and total flora spreadsheets recorded for the 84 quadrats assessed within the study area ...... 128

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location of the study area...... 2 Figure 2 Rainfall and climatic data recorded at Meekatharra Airport station (7045) between January 2016 and October 2017 (Bureau of Meteorology 2017)...... 3 Figure 3 Beard (1975) vegetation complexes represented within the study area...... 8 Figure 4 Land systems occurring within the study area (descriptions from Curry et al 1994 and Payne et al 1998)...... 9 Figure 5 Location of study sites (quadrats), relevé plots, and field traverses within the study area...... 12 ...... 13 Figure 6 Species accumulation curve for the 84 quadrats formally assessed within the study area...... 13 Figure 7 PECs occurring within a 50 km radius of the study area...... 23 Figure 8 Location of Priority flora and range extensions within the study area...... 30 Figure 9 Location of introduced species within the study area...... 34 Figure 10 Vegetation association map for the study area...... 41 Figure 11 Vegetation condition map for the study area...... 44

v Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Pre-European extent of vegetation associations occurring within the study area (Shepherd et al. 2002)...... 6 Table 2 Land systems occurring within the study area (descriptions from Curry et al 1994 and Payne et al 1998)...... 7 Table 3 Ranking system used to assign the likelihood that a species would occur in the study area...... 11 Table 4 Vegetation association descriptions (based on the methods used under the National Vegetation Information System, Department of the Environment 2003)...... 15 Table 5 Vegetation Stratum Levels (modified from Department of the Environment 2003)...... 16 Table 6 Relevance of limitations, as identified by EPA (2016a), to the flora and vegetation survey...... 16 Table 7 Significant flora previously recorded from a 50 km search radius of the study area (DBCA 2016a)...... 20 Table 8 PECs occurring within a 50 km radius of the study area...... 21 Table 9 Statistics for total flora recorded from the study area...... 22 Table 10 Vegetation associations supporting Priority flora (and estimated numbers of plants) within the study area...... 24 Table 11 Description of Priority flora species recorded within the study area...... 25 Table 12 Introduced species recorded from the study area...... 32 Table 13 Vegetation associations mapped within the study area...... 36 Table 14 Vegetation condition within the study area...... 43 Table 15 Pre-European extent of vegetation represented on the basis of identified datasets...... 74

vi Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble

Australian Vanadium Ltd (AVL) commissioned Onshore Environmental to undertake a two season detailed flora and vegetation survey (previously referred to as a Level 2 survey) of the Gabanintha tenements E51/843, E51/1396 and E51/1534 (herein referred to as the study area) (Figure 1). The study area is 14,633 ha (146 km2) and situated approximately 45 km south-east of Meekatharra, in the Murchison region of Western Australia.

The first season field survey was completed between 31st March and 6th April 2017 with the second season field survey completed from 1st to 10th September 2017. 1.2 Previous Surveys

A desktop and site reconnaissance flora survey (previously Level 1) to map vegetation associations was completed for part the study area (covered tenements E51/843 and E51/1396 in addition to E51/431) in January 2015 by Newman Environmental (Biologic Environmental Survey 2015). There has been no detailed flora and vegetation survey work completed within the study area, and no previous significant flora records have been recorded from within the study area boundary.

Additionally, there have been at least 15 flora and vegetation surveys that are publicly available, completed in the surrounding area. These previous flora and vegetation surveys are outlined further in Section 3.1.1 and Appendix 1. 1.3 Biogeographic Regions

The latest version of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA7) divides Australia into 89 bioregions based on climate, geology, landform, native vegetation and species information, and includes 419 sub-regions (Department of Environment 2013). The bioregions and sub-regions are the reporting unit for assessing the status of native ecosystems and their level of protection in the National Reserve System.

The study area is located within the Eastern Murchison sub-region (MUR01) of the Murchison bioregion, which represents the northern parts of the Yilgarn Craton. The study area lies in close proximity to the border with the Western Murchison (MUR02) sub-region. The Eastern Murchison is geologically characterised by internal drainage, and extensive areas of elevated red desert sandplains, salt lakes associated with paleo-drainage system and broad plains of red-brown soils with breakaways (Cowan 2001). The vegetation of this sub-region is dominated by Mulga woodlands, hummock grasslands, saltbush shrublands and Halosarcia shrublands (Cowan 2001). 1.4 Existing Land Use

Land tenure in the Murchison region largely consists of native pastures, and reserves and crown land, with nickel and gold mining leases. The dominant land uses in the Murchison are pastoralism in the form of cattle grazing, unallocated crown land and crown reserves, mining and conservation (Cowan 2001). The study area is centred around the abandoned town of Gabanintha on the Meekatharra-Sandstone Road (Figure 1).

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AUSTRALIAN VANADIUM LIMITED 7030000 7030000 FIGURE 1 GABANINTHA LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA

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Study Area 7025000 7025000 Tenement Area YAGAHONG HILL AD (! Roads RO LE EL Highway OL E P NIN Secondary Road AN N YOUNO DOWNS ROAD Minor Road Track

GABANINTHA 7020000 7020000

MEEKATHARRA SANDSTONE ROAD 7015000 7015000 7010000 7010000

NOWTHANNA HILL (! ¯ 7005000 7005000 0 1 2 3 4

Kilometers 1:100,000 Datum: GDA94 Projection: MGA Zone 50 QUINN'S LAKE 7000000 7000000

Date: 30/10/2019 Status: Final Figure: 1 Sheet Size: A3 Internal Reference: GAB_Loc Drawn by: GSM Requested by: DB 6995000 6995000 Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community

655000 660000 665000 670000 675000 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

1.5 Climate

The Murchison region has an arid climate dominated by winter rainfall in the south and summer rainfall in the north. The closest weather station to the study area is the Meekatharra Airport station, approximately 40 km to the north of the study area. Average annual rainfall is 239 mm. The rainfall pattern is bimodal with a peak in February and another smaller peak in June. Summer rainfall originates from deteriorating tropical cyclones that cross the coast of northern Western Australia and dissipate to the south east. Winter rainfall results from cold fronts crossing the southern coastline and moving inland. Mean maximum summer temperatures range between 36-38 degrees with mean minimum winter temperatures between 7-9 degrees.

Above average rainfall was received in January and March 2017 prior to the first season field survey, and average annual rainfall was received in August prior to the second season field survey, following a relatively dry winter (Figure 2). Seasonal conditions at the time of the first and second season surveys were rated as ‘very good’ and ‘fair’ respectively.

100 45

90 40

80 35 70 30 60 25 50 20 40 Rainfall (mm) 15 30 Temperature (degrees C) 10 20

10 5

0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average 2016 2017 Mean Max Temp Mean Min Temp

Figure 2 Rainfall and climatic data recorded at Meekatharra Airport station (7045) between January 2016 and October 2017 (Bureau of Meteorology 2017). 1.6 Soils

Tille (2007) classified the most recent and detailed mapping of Western Australia’s rangelands and arid interior into a hierarchy of soil-landscape mapping units. The study area is located within the Murchison Province and lies close to the border between three zones:  272 – Upper Murchison Zone: Hardpan wash plains (with stony plains, sandplains, hills and mesas) on granite and gneiss of the Yilgarn Craton

3 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

(Narryer Terrane and Murchison Domain). Red-brown hardpan shallow loams and red shallow loams with red loamy earths and red deep and some red shallow sands and red deep sandy duplexes. Mulga shrublands (with some halophytic shrublands);  273 - Yalgoo Plains Zone: Hardpan wash plains (with some sandplains, stony plains, mesas and granite outcrops) on granitic rocks (with some greenstone) of the Yilgarn Craton (Murchison Domain). Red loamy earths and red shallow loams (often with hardpans) with red deep sands and red shallow sands and some red shallow sandy duplexes. Mulga shrublands with bowgada shrublands (and some halophytic shrublands); and  Salinaland Plains Zone: Sandplains (with hardpan wash plains and some mesas, stony plains and salt lakes) on granitic rocks (and some greenstone) of the Yilgarn Craton. Red sandy earths, red deep sands, red shallow loams and red loamy earths with some red-brown hardpan shallow loams, salt lake soils and red shallow sandy duplexes. Mulga shrublands with spinifex grasslands (and some halophytic shrublands and eucalypt woodlands).

The Australian Soil Resource Information System (CSIRO 2006) described three soil types within the study area:  Mz23: Extensive flat and gently sloping plains with a scatter of surface gravels, similar in topography to unit My5O: chief soils are shallow acid red earths (Gn2.11) and shallow earthy loams (Um5.3) often occurring in intimate micro association. Red-brown hardpan occasionally outcrops and is normally present within a depth of 30 inches. As mapped, soils of units Oc47 and My5O may be included;  BE2: Generally undulating terrain on granites with rocky granitic hills, bosses, and tors, some breakaways, and a surface stone mantle: chief soils seem to be shallow earthy loams (Um5.3) underlain by a red-brown hardpan. Associated are shallow (Uc5.21, Uc5.22) soils both underlain by a red-brown hardpan; some (Gn2.1) soils underlain by a red-brown hardpan; and shallow (Uc1.43) and (Um5.41) soils on the hills (no hardpan). The red-brown hardpan is often exposed in eroded sites, and elsewhere is present between 8 and 40 inches; and  BB9: Narrow plain associated with the major river systems, usually occurring upstream of unit Oc47 and characterised by frequent outcrops of calcrete (kunkar): chief soils are probably brown calcareous loams (Um5.11) and calcareous earths (Gc1.12) and (Gc2.21). There are frequent inclusions of (Dr1) and (Dr2) soils of unit Oc47 and some (Gn2) soils associated with adjoining units. 1.7 Landforms

Tille (2007) describes the Murchison Province as an extensive plateau of low relief punctuated by mesas of silcrete or laterite. These mesas are surrounded by footslopes, lateritic breakaways or gentle sloping plains. The majority of the landscape is comprised of lower sandplains and undulating wash plains. Wash plains consist of sheet flow surfaces of red-brown cemented hardpan with sandy banks and groves. Also occurring are sandy or loamy wash plains as well as quartz strewn plains and gravelly/stony plains. In the eastern parts of the province sandplains are more common with areas of parallel or reticulate sand dunes. In the north-west, these sand dunes occur above lateritic residuals.

4 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

The study area is relatively flat and consists predominantly of stony plains, sandy plains and hardpan plains with some localised areas of low hills. To the north of the study area the conspicuous Mt Yagahong rises to a height of approximately 600 m. A large salt lake (Quinn’s Lake) lies to the south of the study area with some smaller areas of freshwater lakes and clay pans occurring within the southern parts of the study area. 1.8 Geology

The geology of the Murchison Province was described by Watkins and Hickman (1990) and occupies the north-western part of the Yilgarn Craton. The Murchison Province is divided in to six major crustal components; two greenstone sequences, the Luke Creek Group and the overlying Mount Farmer Group (together forming the Murchison Super Group), and four granitoid suites. The four granitoid suites are described as the granodiorite-monzogranite suite (now pegmatite-banded gneiss), voluminous monzogranite suite and two compositionally diverse suites of post-folding granitoids.

The Murchison Supergroup is comprised primarily of marfic volcanic and intrusive rocks. Approximately 70% of both the Luke Creek and Mount Farmer groups is mafic rocks and 20% is felsic volcanic and associated volcaniclastic rocks. The Luke Creek Group consists of a further 5% banded iron-formation and 5% ultramafic rocks. While in the Mount Farmer Group about 4% are ultramafic rocks, and 6% are epiclastic sedimentary rocks. The Luke Creek Group contains four component formations; the Windaning Formation, Gabanintha Formation, Golconda Formation and Murrouli Basalt. These formations occur in layers continuously across most of the greenstone belts of the Murchison Province. The Mount Farmer Group consists of two subgroups and eight formations which have limited lateral extent, with the exception of the Mougooderra Formation. Average cumulative thickness is 10 km for the Luke Creek Group and variable from 1-5 km for the Mount Farmer Group.

The main geological features of the study area have been described by Elias et al (1982) and Tingey (1985). The main geological units occurring in the general area are:  Qc: Colluvium, quartz, and rock fragments in loam, unconsolidated, grades in to Qz;  Qz: Colluvium and alluvium, red brown sandy and clayey loam as sheet wash deposits, grades in to Qs;  Qa: Alluvium, unconsolidated sand, silt and gravel in drainage lines and adjacent floodplains;  Czl: Laterite, massive and prsolitic ferruginous suricrust, in places contains relict structures of parent rock;  Czk: Massive nodular and sheet carbonate with minor chalcedony; locally dark-coloured and in places carnotite-bearing: valley calcrete;  Czo: Deeply weathered, zaolinized rock, may be subsequently ferruginized and silicified;  Adm: Layered gabbro and anorthosite containing magnetite layers;  Agm: Mixed granite;  Af: Undivided felsic volcanic rock, generally deeply weathered;  Aup: Peridotite, medium to coarse-grained, usually metamorphosed to serpentine-actinolite rock;  Agx: Muscovite-albite pegmatite and coarse-grained granite; locally zoned;  Adjm: Magnetite rock; cumulus textured; and

5 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

 Abb: Basalt, fine-grained, locally vesicular, pillowed and/or porphyritic, mafic minerals generally pseudomorphed by actinolite. 1.9 Flora and Vegetation

The study area is located within the Austin Botanical District, within the Murchison IBRA region of the Eremaean Province (Beard 1990). Beard (1976) mapped vegetation of the Murchison at a scale of 1:1,000,000. The original vegetation mapping undertaken by Beard (1976) was refined by Shepherd et al. (2002), who defined six vegetation associations within the study area (Figure 3). The Pre-European extent currently remaining for each vegetation association is greater than 90.27 percent, with between 3.58 percent and 12.04 percent of each association occurring within DBCA managed lands (Table 1).

Table 1 Pre-European extent of vegetation associations occurring within the study area (Shepherd et al. 2002).

Current % Current Extent in Vegetation Pre-Euro. Extent in Description % Remaining Class I-IV Association Extent (ha) Class I-IV Reserves Reserves (ha) 18 Low woodland; mulga 19,892,306 99.76 423,596 2.13 (Acacia aneura) 29 Sparse low woodland; 7,903,991 99.95 22,595 0.29 mulga, discontinuous in scattered groups 39 Shrublands; mulga scrub 6,613,567 99.83 479,206 7.26 125 Bare areas; salt lakes 3,485,785 90.27 188,445 5.99 204 Succulent steppe with 199,475 99.63 - - open scrub; scattered mulga & Acacia sclerosperma over saltbush and bluebush 389 Succulent steppe with 642,356 99.71 2,058 0.32 open low woodland; mulga over saltbush

1.10 Land Systems

The Department of Agriculture (now the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development [DPIRD]) has conducted 14 rangeland surveys since 1972. These inventory and condition surveys use an integrated survey method involving the land system approach to rangeland description evaluation. The primary objective of the surveys was to provide comprehensive descriptions and mapping of the biophysical resources of the region, as well as an evaluation on the condition of soils and vegetation. The mapping is based on patterns in topography, soils and vegetation.

The study area lies on the border of two rangelands surveys areas; the Murchison River catchment area (Curry et al 1994) and the Sandstone-Yalgoo-Paynes Find area (Payne et al 1998). A total of 74 land systems were described from the Murchison Catchment area with 76 recorded in the Sandstone-Yalgoo-Paynes Find area. There

6 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements were twelve land systems represented within the study area (Table 2, Figure 4). The study area is comprised primarily of hardpan wash plains associated with the Yanganoo land system which supports groving mulga shrublands (Figure 4).

Table 2 Land systems occurring within the study area (descriptions from Curry et al 1994 and Payne et al 1998). Representation within Land Study Area Sandstone- Murchison Description System Yalgoo- Paynes Find area Carnegie 14.0 km2 8,649 km2 1,281 km2 Salt lakes with fringing saline alluvial or 9.6% or 9.1% or 1.49% plains, kopi dunes and sandy banks, supporting halophytic shrublands. Challenge 2.8 km2 3,655 km2 5,159 km2 Gently undulating gritty-surfaced or 1.9% or 3.9% or 6.1% plains, occasional granite hills, tors and low breakaways, with acacia shrublands. Cunyu 1.0 km2 358 km2 1,083 km2 Calcrete platforms and intervening or 0.7% or 0.4% or 1.26% drainage floors and minor areas of alluvial plains, with acacia shrublands, casuarina woodlands and minor halophytic shrublands. Ero 7.2 km2 531 km2 1,589 km2 Tributary floodplains supporting or 4.9% or 0.6% or 1.85% acacia tall shrublands and halophytic low shrublands. Gabanintha 5.9 km2 1,145 km2 962 km2 Greenstone ridges and hills or 4.0% or 1.2% or 1.21% supporting sparse acacia shrublands. Jundee 4.1 km2 1,333 km2 1,346 km2 Hardpan plains with ironstone gravel or 2.8% or 1.4% or 1.57% mantles supporting mulga shrublands.

Koonmarra 3.4 km2 Not 5,335 km2 Quartz-strewn stony plains and low or 2.3% represented or 6.21% rises with outcropping granite, gneiss and schists; supports scattered mulga and other mainly non-saline shrubs. Nallex 2.0 km2 439 km2 Not Gently undulating stony plains or 1.4% or 0.5% represented supporting acacia tall shrublands and halophytic low shrublands. Naluthanna 0.8 km2 277 km2 26 km2 Rough hills, tor fields and slopes of or 0.5% or 0.3% or 0.03% gabbro above lower stony plains with gilgaied drainage floors supporting mixed acacia shrublands with sparse halophytes; a very minor system confined to the far south-east. Violet 11.5 km2 882 km2 1,076 km2 Gently undulating gravelly plains on or 7.9% or 0.9% or 1.26% greenstone, laterite and hardpan, with low stony rises and minor saline plains; supports mulga and bowgada- dominated shrublands, with dense mulga groves and patchy halophytic shrublands. Wiluna 22.0 km2 386 km2 1,294 km2 Greenstone hills, breakaways and or 15.0% or 0.4% or 1.51% lower plains supporting mulga shrublands occasionally with understorey of halophytic shrubs. Yanganoo 71.7 km2 3,276 km2 12,433 km2 Almost flat hardpan wash plains, with or 49.0% or 3.5% or 14.48% or without small wanderrie banks and showing variable development of weak groving; supports mulga shrublands; the most extensive system in survey area.

7 655000 660000 665000 670000 675000 UPPER MURCHISON, WILUNA, UPPER MURCHISON, 204 39 39 AUSTRALIAN WILUNA, 29 VANADIUM LIMITED

FIGURE 3 WILUNA, 39 Beard (1975) vegetation complexes within the 7020000 7020000 study area UPPER MURCHISON, 166

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Study Area

Tenement Area

WILUNA, WILUNA, 39 Pre-European 107 Vegetation (Beard 1975) UPPER MURCHISON, 166 UPPER MURCHISON, 204

7015000 7015000 UPPER MURCHISON, 39 WILUNA, 107 WILUNA, 125 WILUNA, 18

WILUNA, WILUNA, 29 29 UPPER MURCHISON, WILUNA, 389 204 WILUNA, 39 7010000 7010000

WILUNA, 18 ¯ 0 1 2

Kilometers 1:75,000 Datum: GDA94 Projection: MGA Zone 50

Date: 07/04/2017 Final WILUNA, Status: Figure: 3 125 WILUNA, Sheet Size: A3 WILUNA, 389 Internal Reference: GAB_LandSys 39 Drawn by: GSM Requested by: DB 7005000 7005000

655000 660000 665000 670000 675000 655000 660000 665000 670000 675000

RGEBEL RGECUN RGEYAG RGEBEL RGEVIO RGEYAG RGEYAG RGEWIL RGEMLR RGEYAG AUSTRALIAN VANADIUM RGEBEL LIMITED

FIGURE 4 RGEGAB RGEKOO Land systems occurring within the study area (descriptions from Curry 7020000 7020000 et al 1994) RGEJUN RGESHE

Legend RGEWIL RGEKOO RGEVIO Study Area Tenement Area

Land Systems

RGEBEL, Belele Land System RGEGAB RGEBLM, Bullimore Land System RGEBLM RGECAR, Carnegie Land System RGECHL, Challenge Land System RGEWIL RGECUN, Cunyu Land System RGEERO, Ero Land System RGEGAB, Gabanintha Land System RGEYNG RGEGRS, Gransal Land System 7015000 7015000 RGEYNG RGEJUN, Jundee Land System RGEKAL, Kalli Land System RGEKOO, Koonmarra Land System RGELAB, Lake Bed Land System RGEMIL RGEMIL, Mileura Land System RGEMLR, Millrose Land System RGENAL, Naluthanna Land System RGECHL RGEYNG RGENLX, Nallex Land System RGESHE, Sherwood Land System

RGESHE RGETRN, Trennaman Land System RGEVIO, Violet Land System RGEERO RGEYNG RGECHL RGEWIL, Wiluna Land System RGEYAG, Yagahong Land System RGEYND, Yandil Land System RGEGAB RGEYNG, Yanganoo Land System RGEERO RGENLX RGENAL 7010000 7010000 RGEYNG RGECAR ¯ RGECAR RGEYNG 0 1 2 Kilometers RGEWIL 1:75,000 RGEVIO Datum: GDA94 Projection: MGA Zone 50 RGEJUN

Date: 07/04/2017 Status: Final Figure: 4 Sheet Size: A3 RGELAB Internal Reference: GAB_LandSys RGEWIL Drawn by: GSM Requested by: DB RGECUN RGEMIL 7005000 7005000 RGECAR RGECAR RGEVIO RGELAB RGECAR RGECAR 655000 660000 665000 670000 675000 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

2.0 METHODOLOGY 2.1 Legislation and Guidance Statements

The two season detailed flora and vegetation survey was carried out in a manner that was compliant with Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) requirements for the environmental surveying and reporting of flora and vegetation in Western Australia:  Technical Guidance Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment (EPA 2016a); and  Environmental Factor Guideline: Flora and Vegetation (EPA 2016b). 2.2 Desktop Assessment

2.2.1 Literature Review Regional scale reports relevant to the study area locality were reviewed, including:  a summary of bioregional data (Cowen 2001);  land systems mapping (Curry et al 1994 and Payne et al 1998); and  vegetation description and mapping by Beard (1976).

In addition, there was a review of all publicly available literature. One desktop and site reconnaissance flora survey has been completed across part of the study area (Biologic Environmental Survey 2015). In addition, there are fifteen relevant flora and vegetation surveys that have previously been completed in close proximity to the study area. The previous survey work is summarised in more detail in Section 3.1 and Appendix 1.

2.2.2 Database Searches Desktop searches included databases relating to significant flora, TECs and PECs previously collected or described within, or in close proximity to, the study area. For this report the search was extended beyond the study area to place flora values into a local and regional context. The following databases were searched:  NatureMap1: This database represents the most comprehensive source of information on the distribution of Western Australia’s flora, comprising records from the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions (DBCA) Threatened Flora database and the WA Herbarium Specimen Database (50 km radial search, accessed 19 March 2017);  DBCA’s Threatened and Priority flora database was searched to confirm the NatureMap results (50 km radial search, accessed 19 March 2017);  DBCA’s TEC, PEC and Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) database was searched to identify significant communities (50 km radial search, accessed 19 March 2017);  EPBC Act Protected Matters database (DoE 2016, accessed 7 September 2016); and  International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) database (IUCN 2016, accessed 7 September 2016).

10 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

2.2.3 Assessment of Likelihood of Occurrence in the Study Area A list of conservation significant species occurring within a 50 km radius of the study area was compiled during the desktop searches. The likelihood of each taxon occurring within the study area was assessed using a set of rankings and criteria (Table 3) based on presence of suitable landform (inferred from aerial imagery with contours overlayed and from knowledge of the adjacent areas) and distance to known records.

Table 3 Ranking system used to assign the likelihood that a species would occur in the study area.

Rank Criteria Recorded The species has been recorded in the study area. Likely to occur The species has previously been recorded from a landform which is present within the study area, and there are previous records within a 20 km radius of the study area. Possible to occur The species has previously been recorded from a landform which is present within the study area, and there are previous records within a 50 km radius of the study area. Unlikely to occur The landform from which the species has previously been recorded is absent within the study area, and/or there are no previous records within a 50 km radius of the study area.

2.3 Baseline Survey Methodology

2.3.1 Timing and Personnel The flora and vegetation survey was completed by Principal Botanists Dr Darren Brearley and Dr Jerome Bull, and Senior Botanist Ms Jessica Waters, working over a seven day period from the 31st March to 6th April 2017, and a ten day period from 1st to 10th September 2017. The three field botanists have 26 years, 15 years and 7 years’ experience working in the Murchison.

2.3.2 Sampling of Study Sites The field survey involved systematic sampling using quadrats (referred to as study sites). Relevé vegetation descriptions were made to increase the accuracy of vegetation mapping and targeted searches were completed in habitats where it was anticipated that significant flora might occur (Figure 5).

The study sites were 20 m by 20 m in dimension which is standard for the Murchison bioregion. The number of study sites sampled was determined by the size and heterogeneity of the study area, and confirmed by a species accumulation curve (Figure 6) following the second season survey. A total of 84 quadrats were formally assessed. The locations of all quadrats sampled are provided in Figure 5.

11 655000 660000 665000 670000 675000

YOUNO DOWNS RD GABANINTHA - NANNINE RD AUSTRALIAN VANADIUM LIMITED ! ! E 51/1576 ! ! FIGURE 5 !! ! ! GAB-05 !!!! !! !! Location of study !!!!!!!!! ! ! !! !! ! !GAB-35! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!! ! ! GAB-31! ! !!!!!!!! ! ! GF !! !!! !!!!!!! ! sites (quadrats), !!!GF!!!!!!! !! GAB-74 7020000 GF ! ! !!! !!! ! 7020000 GAB-24 ! ! GF! GF!!!!!!!! ! relevé plots, and ! GF!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! GF!! GAB-26 GAB-76 ! GF! !!!!!!!! GAB-75 field traverses GF! ! ! GAB-84! RD SANDSTONE - MEEKATHARRA within the study area ! GF ! GF ! ! GAB-82! GAB-33 ! GAB-32 GAB-70 Legend GF ! P 51/2636 GF ! GAB-27 GAB-29 ! ! ! Study Area GF GF GAB-28 GAB-73 ! GF ! GF Sample Locations GF GAB-71 GF! ! ! GF ! GAB-34! ! GF GAB-30 GF GAB-53 Releve Locations GAB-25 GF! !GF! GAB-77 Tracklog P 51/2634 GF! Australian Vanadium P 51/2567 GAB-23 Tenure ! GAB-21 ! GF ! E 51/1396 M 51/878 GAB-19 GF

7015000 ! 7015000 !!

! GAB-72 ! GF GAB-03 GF

E 51/1685 ! GAB-06 GF!! E 51/843

GAB-15 GAB-17 ! GAB-45 GF GF P 51/2566 ! GAB-55 GF ! GAB-69 GAB-67 GAB-13 GF GF GAB-68 GAB-08 GF GF! GF ! E 51/1534 GAB-39 GF GAB-56 ! GAB-20 GAB-41 GAB-43 GF! GF GF GF ! GAB-36 GAB-02 GAB-52 GF ! !GF! !! GAB-04 GF! GAB-42 GF! ! GAB-51 GAB-38 GAB-07 GF! GAB-01 GF ! GF! GF GF! ! GAB-49 GAB-60 ! GAB-14 7010000 ! ! 7010000 ! GAB-40 ! GF! ! ! GF !!! GF GAB-16 GF GAB-44 GAB-18 ! GF !GF GF! GF GF GF! GF! !GF GAB-37 GAB-48 ! GF GF! GAB-12 ! GF ! ! GF GF ! GF GF GAB-59 GF! ! GAB-54 ! GAB-47!!! !! GAB-58 P 51/2635 ! GAB-46 !! GAB-61 GAB-11 GAB-22!!!! GF! ! !!! GAB-57 ! GAB-50 !!! ! !! !!! GAB-09! ! ¯ ! !! GAB-10 0 1 2 ! GAB-78! GAB-79 GAB-62 GF! GF !! ! !GF GAB-81 Kilometers GF GF GAB-63 1:75,000 GF! GFGF! GAB-80 Datum: GDA94 ! !!GF GFGF! ! Projection: MGA Zone 50 ! GAB-64! GAB-83

M 51/771 GAB-66 Date: 30/10/2019 Status: Final Figure: 5 Sheet Size: A3 Internal Reference: GAB_Samples Drawn by: GSM Requested by: DB 7005000 7005000

655000 660000 665000 670000 675000 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

300

250

200

150

100 Cumulative Taxa No. Cumulative 50

0 400 1600 2800 4000 5200 6400 7600 8800 10000 11200 12400 13600 14800 16000 17200 18400 19600 20800 22000 23200 24400 25600 26800 28000 29200 30400 31600 32800 Area Sampled (m2) Figure 6 Species accumulation curve for the 84 quadrats formally assessed within the study area.

The sampling sites were assessed to provide a list of the total flora occurring within the study area and a description of the vegetation structure. Data collected covered a range of environmental parameters including:  Landform and habitat;  Aspect;  Soil colour and soil type;  Rock type;  Slope (angle);  Percentage of bare ground, logs, twigs and leaves;  Vegetation condition;  Disturbance (caused by fire, clearing, grazing etc.);  Age since fire;  Broad floristic formation;  Vegetation association description; and  Height and percentage ground cover provided by individual plant taxa.

Other parameters recorded for each study site were:  Study site number and date of assessment;  Names of the botanists undertaking the assessment;  Location description a waypoint – GPS coordinate (GDA94) using a handheld GPS; and  Photograph number.

Vegetation condition for each of the study sites was determined using a recognised rating scale (based on Keighery 1994, see Appendix 2).

2.3.3 Targeted Surveys for Conservation Significant Species Targeted searches for species of conservation significance were completed within the study area. Ground truthing provided an opportunity to record opportunistic locations for Threatened and Priority listed flora and undertake closer examination of specific landforms where conservation significant flora would be expected to occur.

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2.3.4 Weed Survey and Mapping Introduced species were recorded from the study sites assessed within the study area. Opportunistic collections were also made while moving throughout the study area, with targeted weed searches completed in high moisture habitats.

2.3.5 Floristic Analysis A multivariate statistical analysis of the floristic quadrat data (84 quadrats) was completed to assist in understanding the vegetation-habitat relationships within the study area. Statistical analysis of quadrat data can support delineation of vegetation associations within the study area, and provide comparison against locally significant communities (TECs and PECs) where quadrat data is available.

A two-way classification (Agglomerative Hierarchical Fusion) of the presence/absence quadrat data was carried out on the 273 taxa x 84 quadrat dataset using the program PATN (Belbin 2003). The flexible unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) classification strategy was used (β = -0.1), together with the Bray-Curtis site similarity measure. The number of groups to be determined was set at 28. The primary output of the classification was in the form of a dendrogram (Appendix 3).

The results from the statistical analysis need to be appropriately analysed by an experienced botanist, and effects such as fire disturbance, ephemeral taxa, and spatial distribution of quadrats taken into consideration when interpreting the results. Plant taxa that occupy a range of vegetation types can obscure vegetation patterning and influence statistical outputs. It must be acknowledged that the results of multivariate statistical analysis may not always align with the delineated vegetation associations; in these insistences an explanation for the differences will be provided.

2.3.6 Vegetation Association Mapping The classification of vegetation associations within the study area shall follow the height, life form and density classes of Specht (1970) as modified by Aplin (1979) and Trudgen (2009) (see Appendix 4). This is largely a structural classification suitable for broader scale mapping, but taking all ecologically significant strata into account.

The description of vegetation associations lead with the most dominant strata (based on percent cover) and flora species listed start with the most dominant (Table 4). Table 5 further describes and categorises these strata and gives examples of potential growth forms for each, e.g. over-storey (U), mid-storey (M) and understorey (G) vegetation strata.

Vegetation associations recorded within the study area are grouped according to ‘broad floristic formation’ (refer to Table 4). A broad floristic formation describes the dominant growth form, cover and height as well as the dominant land cover genus for the dominant stratum (DEH 2003).

The vegetation mapping utilised high-resolution aerial photography of the entire study area at a scale of 1:15,000, with definition of vegetation polygons based on contrasting shading patterns. Ground-truthing of the study area was completed during the survey with vegetation descriptions made within selected vegetation polygons to confirm dominant structural layers and associated plant taxa. The 84 study sites and over 150 relevé plots were overlaid on the aerial photography, and

14 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements associated flora and vegetation data was used to provide vegetation association descriptions for individual polygons defined.

2.3.7 Vegetation Association Coding A vegetation association code is applied to each vegetation association. This code is comprised of the dominant landform on which the vegetation association occurs and the dominant plant taxa in each vegetation stratum.

2.3.8 Vouchering At least one voucher specimen was taken for each species collected to verify identification. Taxonomy was completed by Dr Jerome Bull at the Western Australian Herbarium (WAH) with use made of the WAH for confirmation of species identification.

Table 4 Vegetation association descriptions (based on the methods used under the National Vegetation Information System, Department of the Environment 2003).

Description Species Cover Soils Landscape Example Position Broad The one One cover Not relevant Not relevant Acacia Low Floristic dominant class for the Woodland Formation genus name dominant for the stratum, e.g. dominant Low stratum, e.g. Woodland. If Acacia two strata have the same cover range, the taller stratum is listed Vegetation Up to three One cover State soil Include the Low Open Association dominant class code for colour and landscape Woodland of (describe species listed each type, e.g. red position, e.g. Acacia three strata – for each stratum, e.g. sandy loam stony plain incurvaneura, refer Table 5) stratum, e.g. Low Open A.pruinocarpa & Acacia Woodland, A.pteraneura incurvaneura, Open over Open Acacia Shrubland, Shrubland of pruinocarpa Low Open Eremophila and Acacia Shrubland spathulata over pteraneura Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus schwartzii, P.obovatus & Solanum lasiophyllum on red sandy loam on stony plains

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Table 5 Vegetation Stratum Levels (modified from Department of the Environment 2003).

Stratum Description Example Growth Forms Over-storey (U) Tallest tree sub-stratum; for forests and woodlands this will generally be the dominant stratum Trees, tree mallee, and vines (mallee shrubs) Sub-canopy layer; second tree layer Sub-canopy layer; third tree layer Mid-storey (M)

Tallest shrub layer Shrubs, low trees, mallee shrubs, grass-trees, Second shrub layer tree-ferns, cycads, palms, and vines (low Third shrub layer shrubs, tall grasses, tall forbs, tall sedges) Under-storey (U) Tallest ground species Grasses, forbs, sedges, rushes, lichens, Other ground species epiphytes, low shrubs, ferns, bryophytes, cycads, grass-trees, and vines

2.3.9 Field Survey Constraints The EPA Technical Guidance for Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia (EPA 2016a) list seven potential limitations that field surveys may encounter. These limitations are addressed in Table 6.

Table 6 Relevance of limitations, as identified by EPA (2016a), to the flora and vegetation survey.

Constraint Relevance Availability of contextual One desktop and site reconnaissance survey has been information at a regional completed partially covering the study area, and 15 and local scale additional flora and vegetation surveys have previously been undertaken in close proximity to the study area, providing contextual information on the surrounding area. Proportion of flora It is likely that a large proportion of the total flora recorded and/or collected, occurring within the study area has been collected, given any identification issues the intensity of the two season survey. The seasonal conditions at the time of survey were rated as fair however a number of ephemeral taxa may not have been recorded. Survey timing, rainfall, Above average rainfall was received in January and March season of survey 2017 prior to the first season field survey, and average annual rainfall was received in August prior to the second season field survey, following a relatively dry winter. Seasonal conditions at the time of the first and second season surveys were rated as ‘very good’ and ‘fair’ respectively. Good flowering was observed during the survey, however some annual grass species were in poor condition making identification difficult. Disturbance that may have There were no disturbances recorded within the study area affected the results of the that influenced survey outcomes. Disturbances within the survey such as fire, flood study area were restricted to variable intensity grazing by or clearing domestic stock (cattle), historical and recent mining exploration and access tracks. Disturbances did not impact on the ability to complete the field survey.

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Constraint Relevance Was the appropriate area Three botanists spent 17 field days covering the entire fully surveyed (effort and study area. A total of 84 quadrats and 150 relevé sites were extent) assessed within the study area. This represented an extensive survey effort. The latest EPA technical guidelines (EPA 2016a) recommend that a minimum of three quadrats should be sampled in each vegetation unit. Eight of the 28 vegetation associations mapped within the study area have less than three quadrats. These eight associations occur outside of the tenement boundaries and are generally small localised units ranging from 4.8 to 243.2 hectares. Access restrictions within The study area was accessed by vehicle and on foot, noting the survey area that vegetation mapping was facilitated by high-resolution aerial photography. Competency/experience of The Principal Botanists working on the survey both have the team carrying out the over 15 years’ experience in the region and have completed survey, including numerous surveys in close proximity to the study area. experience in the bioregion surveyed

2.3.10 Assessment of Conservation Significance The conservation significance of flora, fauna and ecological communities are classified at a Commonwealth, State and Local level on the basis of various Acts and Agreements, including: Commonwealth Level:  EPBC Act: The Department of Environment and Energy (DoEE) lists Threatened Flora, Fauna and Ecological Communities, which are determined by the Threatened Species Scientific Committee according to criteria set out in the Act. The Act lists flora that are considered to be of conservation significance under one of six categories (Appendix 5). State Level:  BC Act: At a State level native flora and fauna species are protected under the BC Act. A number of species are assigned an additional level of conservation significance based on a limited number of known populations and the perceived threats to these locations.  DBCA Priority list: DBCA produces a list of Priority species and PECs that have not been assigned statutory protection under the BC Act. Possibly threatened species that do not meet survey criteria, or are otherwise data deficient, are added under Priorities 1, 2 or 3. Species that are adequately known, are rare but not threatened, or meet criteria for near threatened, or that have been removed from the threatened species list for other taxonomic reasons, are placed in Priority 4. These species require regular monitoring (see Appendix 6). The list of PECs identifies those that need further investigation before nomination for TEC status at a State level. Local Level:  Species may be considered of local conservation significance because of their patterns of distribution and abundance. Although not formally protected by legislation, such species are acknowledged to be in decline as a result of threatening processes, primarily habitat loss through land clearing.

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3.0 RESULTS 3.1 Desktop Review

3.1.1 Previous Baseline Flora Surveys The flora and vegetation of the Murchison has been assessed at a broad scale by Gardner (1942) and Beard (1976). More recently, the Department of Agriculture (now DPIRD) completed inventory and condition surveys of the Murchison and Sandstone- Yalgoo-Paynes Find area based on land system mapping (Curry et al 1994, Payne et al 1998).

In addition to the larger broad scale surveys, a number of smaller intensive flora and vegetation surveys have been completed in recent years associated with resource development projects. These surveys have resulted in the collection of a significant amount of site-specific biological survey data, most of which has been undertaken for formal environmental impact assessment.

A desktop and site reconnaissance flora survey has previously been completed over part of the study area. In addition, there are 15 relevant flora and vegetation surveys that have been completed surrounding the study area (Appendix 1).

Previous surveys completed partially within the study area:  Biologic Environmental Survey (2015) Gabanintha Level 1 Flora Report, Yellow Rock Resources.

Previous surveys that are in close proximity to the study area include:  Mattiske Consulting (1996) Flora and Vegetation of Golden Grove Project, Murchison Zinc Company Pty Ltd, Yalgoo;  Onshore Environmental Consultants (2003a) Flora and Vegetation, Leinster – Wiluna Optic Fibre Cable Route;  Onshore Environmental Consultants (2003a) Flora and Vegetation, Meekatharra – Wiluna Optic Fibre Cable Route;  Biota Environmental Sciences (2004) Yandi Expansion Vegetation and Flora Survey;  Onshore Environmental Consultants (2007) Oakover Gold Ltd Mt Magnet Tenement Targeted Significant Flora Survey;  Markey and Dillon (2008) Flora and vegetation of the banded iron formation of the Yilgarn Craton: the Weld Range;  Onshore Environmental Consultants (2008a) Crusader, 450 South, Zone 2 and New Woman Projects, Flora and Vegetation Survey;  Onshore Environmental Consultant (2008b) Emu – Vivien Pipeline, Vivien, Vivien Gem, Turret North and Cinderella Projects, Flora and Vegetation Survey;  Cardno (2009) Proposed Infrastructure Sites, Weld Range, Declared Rare and Priority Flora Search;  Markey and Dillon (2009) Flora and vegetation of the banded iron formations of the Yilgarn Craton: Herbert Lukin Ridge (Wiluna);  Ecologia Environment (2010) Oakajee Port and Rail, OPR Rail Development, Vegetation and Flora Assessment;  GHD (2011) Main Roads Western Australia, Report for Goldfields Highway, SLK 737-748 Biological Survey;

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 Western Botanical (2011) Yeelirrie Project, Flora and Vegetation Survey;  AECOM Australia (2014) Square Kilometre Array Ecological Assessment; and  GHD (2016) Main Roads Western Australia, Goldfield Highway Material Sources SLK 748 to 781 Biological Survey.

Findings from the literature review are summarised in Appendix 1 including survey timing, survey type, flora statistics, vegetation associations, significant flora and weed species recorded.

3.1.2 Threatened Flora listed under the EPBC Act A search of the EPBC Act Protected Matters database was undertaken for a 50 km radius around the study area (DoEE 2017). No Threatened Flora as listed under the EPBC Act have been recorded as occurring within the 50 km search radius for the study area.

3.1.3 Threatened Flora listed under the IUCN Red List A search of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) database (IUCN 2017) determined that no Threatened Flora taxon was likely to occur within the study area.

3.1.4 Threatened Flora listed under the BC Act No Threatened Flora taxon were identified from the DBCA rare flora database search (DBCA 2017) as occurring within a 50 km radius of the study area.

3.1.5 Priority Flora recognised by the DBCA The DBCA rare flora database search (DBCA 2017) identified ten Priority flora taxa as potentially occurring within a 50 km radius of the study area (Table 7). It was determined that three of these taxa were considered likely to occur (as per criteria set out in Table 3) within the study area based on occurrence of habitat and proximity of previous records (Table 7).

3.1.6 TECs listed under State and Federal Legislation A search of the EPBC Act Protected Matters database (DoEE 2017) confirmed there were no federal listed TECs previously recorded within, or adjacent to, the study area. Lake Annean, listed as a nationally important wetland, occurs 20 km to the west of the study area.

Similarly, a search of the DBCA ecological community database (DBCA 2017) confirmed there were no state listed TEC records for the immediate study area.

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Table 7 Significant flora previously recorded from a 50 km search radius of the study area (DBCA 2016a).

Taxon Cons Life Form Habitat Preference Nearest Record Suitable Habitat Likelihood in Code (km) Present the Study Area Acacia sclerosperma subsp. 3 Perennial Sand, sandy loan, stony soils 29 Yes Possible glaucescens Acacia speckii 4 Perennial Rocky soils over granite, basalt or dolerite. Rocky 33 Yes Possible hills or rises. Calytrix verruculosa 3 Perennial Sandy clay. 30 Yes Possible Drummondita miniata 3 Perennial Laterite. Breakaways. 8 Yes Likely Eremophila arachnoides 3 Perennial Shallow loam over limestone. 24 No Unlikely subsp. arachnoides Eremophila fasciata 3 Perennial Rocky rises. 1 Yes Likely Grevillea inconspicua 4 Perennial Loam, gravel. Along drainage lines on rocky 21 Yes Possible outcrops. Ptilotus lazaridis 3 Perennial Clay loam. Floodplains. 14 Yes Likely Ptilotus luteolus 3 Perennial Sand, loam, clay. 28 Yes Possible Tecticornia cymbiformis 3 Perennial Saline soils. Along edges of creekline. Restricted 28 Yes Possible to Lake Anneen.

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3.1.7 PECs recognised by DBCA A search of DBCA’s ecological community database (DBCA 2017) confirmed that there were ten PECs occurring within a 50 km radius of the study area; these communities are detailed in Table 8 (Figure 7).

Table 8 PECs occurring within a 50 km radius of the study area.

Community Description Location of Buffer Austin Land System Saline stony plains with low rises 25 km west north- (Priority 3(iii)) and drainage foci supporting low west of the study area halophytic shrublands 3(iii) with adjacent to the Great scattered mulga; occurs mainly Northern Highway adjacent to lakes Austin and Annean below greenstone hill systems. Cogla Downs calcrete groundwater Unique assemblages of 30 km south-east of assemblage type on Murchison invertebrates have been identified the study area palaeodrainage on Yarrabubba in the groundwater calcretes. Station (Priority 1) Hillview calcrete groundwater Unique assemblages of 5 km east of the study assemblage type on Murchison invertebrates have been identified area palaeodrainage on Hillview Station in the groundwater calcretes. (Priority 1) Murchison Downs calcrete Unique assemblages of 22 km north-east of groundwater assemblage type on invertebrates have been identified the study area Murchison palaeodrainage on in the groundwater calcretes. Murchison Downs Station (Priority1) Nowthanna Hill calcrete Unique assemblages of The buffer overlaps groundwater assemblage type on invertebrates have been identified the southern sector of Murchison palaeodrainage on in the groundwater calcretes. the study area and Yarrabubba Station (Priority 1) extends up to 10 km outside the southern boundary Polelle calcrete groundwater Unique assemblages of 11 km west of the assemblage type on Murchison invertebrates have been identified study area palaeodrainage on Polelle Station in the groundwater calcretes. (Priority 1) Trillbar Land System Gently sloping stony plains with 23 km north of the (Priority 3(iii)) low rises of metamorphic rocks and study area along the gilgaied drainage foci; supports Meekatharra more or less saline shrublands of Sandstone Road snakewood, mulga, bluebush and samphire with patches of tussock grassland. Yagahong Land System Rough greenstone ridges, hills and 36 km west, 30 km (Priority 3(iii)) cobble-strewn footslopes north-west, 2 km supporting mulga shrublands. north, and 30 km east of the study area Yarrabubba east calcrete Unique assemblages of 13 km south-east of groundwater assemblage types on invertebrates have been identified the study area Murchison palaeodrainage on in the groundwater calcretes. Yarrabubba Station (Priority 1) Yarrabubba west calcrete Unique assemblages of 3 km south of the groundwater assemblage types on invertebrates have been identified study area Murchison palaeodrainage on in the groundwater calcretes. Yarrabubba Station (Priority 1)

Seven of the PECs detailed above are listed due to the unique assemblages of invertebrate fauna in the groundwater calcretes; they do not have any relation to terrestrial flora and vegetation and therefore will not be discussed further in this report.

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3.2 Flora Species

A total number of 273 plant taxa (including varieties and subspecies) from 40 families and 104 genera were recorded from the study area (Table 9, Appendix 7). Species representation was greatest among the Fabaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae and Scrophulariaceae families (Table 9). The most speciose genus was Acacia (42 taxa), followed by Eremophila (22 taxa), Ptilotus (14 taxa), Maireana (12 taxa), Senna (12 taxa) and Eragrostis (10 taxa).

Table 9 Statistics for total flora recorded from the study area.

Overview No. Taxa Families 40 Genera 104 Taxa (species, subspecies, varieties) 273 Native Taxa 269 Introduced Taxa 4 Threatened Flora 0 Priority Flora 7 Range Extensions 6 Speciose Families No. Taxa Fabaceae 42 Chenopodiaceae 37 Poaceae 23 Scrophulariaceae 22 Malvaceae 19 Amaranthaceae 16 Cypeaceae 10 Asteraceae 9 Solanaceae 7 Zygophyllaceae 6 Speciose Genera No. Taxa Acacia 24 Eremophila 22 Ptilotus 14 Maireana 12 Senna 12 Eragrostis 10 Sclerolaena 7 Sida 7 Abutilon 6 Tribulus 6 Euphorbia 5 Hibiscus 5 Atriplex 5

22 610000 620000 630000 640000 650000 660000 670000 680000 690000 700000 710000 720000 7090000 7090000 AUSTRALIAN Y A VANADIUM W H

G I LIMITED H 7080000 7080000

H n E FIGURE 7 o rde H p a ek T PECs occurring G R e Cre O

R lly Gu N within a 50 km i

v T

e n e A radius of the 7070000 d 7070000 r r a E G y R ull G G study area GOLDFIELDS HIGHWAY 7060000 7060000

Legend

Study Area

Tenement Area 7050000 Trillbar LS 7050000 TEC / PEC Locations

Yagahong LS AustinLS Cogla Calcrete

7040000 7040000 Hillview Calcrete Murchison Calcrete Nowthanna Calcrete Polelle Calcrete Murchison Trillbar LS AustinLS Calcrete 7030000 7030000 Yagahong LS

Yagahong LS Yarrabubba East Calcrete Yarrabubba West Polelle Hillview Calcrete Calcrete Calcrete 7020000 7020000 Yagahong LS

Yagahong LS 7010000 7010000 i nd u Nowthanna g Calcrete N a k b e b re u C B 7000000 7000000 Yarrabubba West Calcrete 6990000 6990000

Yarrabubba East Calcrete 6980000 6980000

M E E K A T H A R

6970000 R 6970000 A

S A N D Colga S T Calcrete O N E 6960000 6960000 R O A D ¯

0 5 10 15 6950000 6950000 Kilometers 1:500,000 Datum: GDA94 Projection: MGA Zone 50 6940000 6940000 6930000 6930000

6920000 6920000 Date: 28/09/2017 Status: Final Figure: 7 Sheet Size: A3 Internal Reference: GAB_TEC_PEC Drawn by: GSM 6910000 6910000 Requested by: DB

MOUNT MAGNET SANDSTONE ROAD Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, 6900000 USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community 6900000

610000 620000 630000 640000 650000 660000 670000 680000 690000 700000 710000 720000 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

3.3 Significant Flora

3.3.1 Threatened Flora listed under the BC Act and EPBC Act None of the plant taxa recorded from the study area were gazetted as Threatened Flora (T) under the BC Act, or listed under the EPBC Act.

3.3.2 Significant Flora Seven Priority flora taxa were recorded from the study area including one Priority 1 flora, three Priority 3 taxa, and three Priority 4 flora (Table 10; Figure 8):  Acacia speckii (Priority 4);  Dodonaea amplisemina (Priority 4);  Goodenia berringbinensis (Priority 4);  Hibiscus krichauffianus (Priority 3);  Nicotiana heterantha (Priority 1);  Ptilotus lazaridis(Priority 3); and  Ptilotus luteolus (Priority 3).

These taxa are described further in Table 11 and Appendix 8.

Table 10 Vegetation associations supporting Priority flora (and estimated numbers of plants) within the study area.

Species Vegetation Association No. Plants Acacia speckii (P4) ME AiAaAf 44 SP At Eg PoSl 1 UH EmCd 129 Dodonaea amplisemina (P4) ME AiAaAf 45 SP At Eg PoSl 11 UH EmCd 488 Goodenia berringbinensis (P4) CP Mh >500 Hibiscus krichauffianus (P3) HP AcAt Po 1 SA Pol 5 SP AcAt Eg 18 Nicotiana heterantha (P1) SF Th 9 Ptilotus lazaridis(P3) CP Df 235 HP Mp 48 SP Eyy 26 Ptilotus luteolus (P3) ME AiAaAf 69 UH EmCd 840

24 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Table 11 Description of Priority flora species recorded within the study area.

Taxon Photograph Description Occurrence in Study Area Acacia speckii A bushy, rounded shrub or tree, 1.5-3 m high. Recorded consistently within minor rocky (Priority 4) Occurs on rocky soils over granite, basalt or dolerite drainage lines dissecting undulating hills in on rocky hills or rises. the north-east sector of the study area (mapped as the ‘UH EmCd’ vegetation association) (Figure 8). Recorded as 174 plants across three vegetation associations (Table 10).

Dodonaea A dioecious, multi-stemmed shrub, 0.3-1 m high. It Recorded predominantly within the ‘UH amplisemina grows on red-brown sandy clay on basalt and EmCd’ vegetation association in the north- (Priority 4) gabbro and banded ironstone or on dolerite and east sector of the study area (Figure 8), quartzite. Recorded from rocky hills. coexisting with Acacia speckii and Ptilotus luteolus. Recorded as 544 plants across three vegetation associations (Table 10).

25 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Taxon Photograph Description Occurrence in Study Area Goodenia Goodenia berringbinensis is an ascending annual Recorded from two locations within the berringbinensis herb occurring to between 0.1 m and 0.3 m in study area where it occurred in seasonally (Priority 4) height and flowering yellow. It is typically found on inundated claypans dominated by herbs. red sandy loam along watercourses. Large numbers of individuals (>500) were estimated.

Hibiscus A low or ascending shrub reaching 0.7m in height. Recorded from five locations within the krichauffianus Flowers are pink or purple and flowering occurs north-west, south-west and south-east (Priority 3) between March and November. It grows in red sectors of the study area (Figure 8), and sandy soils. including three vegetation associations (Table 10). Scattered plants were recorded from each location with individuals reaching a height of 0.2m and generally quite inconspicuous.

26 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Taxon Photograph Description Occurrence in Study Area Nicotiana A short-lived herb, growing to 0.5 m high. Recorded as nine individuals from one heterantha Flowering white/cream flowers in March to June or location on an extensive saline flat/marsh (Priority 1, also September. This species is known from seasonally along the southern boundary of the study noted as a range wet flats and clay from the Pilbara region. area (Figure 8), but occurring more extension) extensively across the larger unit. This record represents a 400 km range extension south from the nearest known record in the Pilbara.

Ptilotus A herb or shrub, to 0.6 m high, occurring on clay Recorded from claypans, hardpan plains and lazaridis loam and floodplains. Its flowers pink/red in July stony plains along the southern boundary of (Priority 3) or October. the study area. At least 309 plants were recorded across three vegetation associations, with numbers likely to be significantly higher.

27 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Taxon Photograph Description Occurrence in Study Area Ptilotus luteolus Compact perennial shrub to 0.8 m high, leaves Recorded predominantly within the ‘UH (Priority 3) ovate-obovate, grey-green; flowering yellow, EmCd’ vegetation association in the north- March to May or July to October; preferring rocky east sector of the study area (Figure 8), slopes, screes, and ridges. coexisting with Acacia speckii and Dodonaea amplisemina. Recorded as 909 plants across two vegetation associations (Table 10).

28 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

3.3.3 Range Extensions Six plant taxa recorded from the study area were considered to represent a significant range extension from their current known distribution (Figure 8):  Nicotiana heterantha1 (also listed as a Priority 1 flora taxon, see description in Table 11);  Abutilon malvifolium;  Hibiscus verdcourtii;  Lipocarpha microcephala;  Marsilea costulifera; and  Sida trichopoda.

Abutilon malvifolium is a perennial, herb or shrub, with hairy stems and yellow flowers. It grows to 0.3 m in height and flowers in September. It is known to occur on calcareous soils, clay flats and crabhole plains. This species has previously been recorded from the Pilbara, Yalgoo and Old-Victorian Plain bioregions. The recorded location within the study area represents a 400 km range extension south of the nearest record.

Hibiscus verdcourtii is a shrub with hairy stems and tripartitely lobed leaves. It flowers in February, May or June. This species has previously been recorded from the Central Kimberley, Gascoyne and Pilbara bioregions with the majority of records within the Pilbara. The recorded location within the study area represents a 400 km range extension to the south of the nearest record, and the first record within the Murchison bioregion.

Lipocarpha microcephala is a tufted annual sedge up to 0.4 m height, and flowering green-brown between January and August. It is found on sand, sandy loam, mud and sandstone along watercourses, in rock holes, and on claypans. This species has previously been recorded from the north-west Murchison and south-east Gascoyne, extending north into the Pilbara and Kimberley, and east towards the Northern Territory border. The nearest known record is approximately 300 km north-east of the study area.

Marsilea costulifera is a perennial, herb that grows to 0.03 m high. This species has previously been recorded from the south-west corner of the state. The record of this species from within the study area represents a 400 km range extension east of the nearest known record.

Sida trichopoda is a herb or shrub that grows to 0.5 m high. It flowers in April, August or September. This species has previously been recorded from stony plains within the Pilbara bioregion. The recorded location within the Murchison bioregion in the study area represents a 400 km range extension south of the nearest known record.

1 Description provided in Table 9

29 655000 660000 665000 670000 675000

YOUNO DOWNS RD A.s GABANINTHA - NANNINE RD (! A.s AUSTRALIAN (! (! D.a (! (!(! VANADIUM (! D.a A.s A.s ! (!(! ! A.s (! ( (!(!A.s((! M.c P.lu (!(! A.s (!(! LIMITED (! (! (! P.lu (! *# D.a (!(!(!(!(!(! (!(!(! (! (!P.lu (!(! (! A.s (! (!(! (! (! (! (! P.lu P.lu (!(! (!(! (! (! A.s (! A.s A.s A.s D.a (! (!(!(! (!(!(! FIGURE 8 A.s D.a (! (!(!(!(!(!(!(! (!(! (! D.a !( (! A.s ( (! D.a M.c !(!( (!(!P.lu A.s (!( (! (! (!(!(! (! (!(!(!(!(! (! E 51/843 D.a (! (! A.s A.s (! (!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!D.a(!(! P.lu A.s !((!(!(! (! (! *# D.a(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(! (!(! P.lu (!(! (! (! ! A.s Location of Priority flora 7020000 (! (!(!(! !( 7020000 (!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(! (! P.lu (! (!(!(!(!(! D.a(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!!( D.a (!(!(!(!(! (!(!(!(!(!!((! A.s and range extensions (! H.k (!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(! (!(! ((! (!(!(!(!(! H.v "(! A.s H.v (!(! (! within the study area )XYD.a D.a D.a (!(!(! D.a S.t A.m (! (!(!(!(! (! A.s S.t )XY" A.m A.s D.a P.lu A.s For Detail See Inset 1 E 51/843 D.a Legend (! Study Area Inset 1 Australian Vanadium Tenure Priority Flora (! Acacia speckii (A.s) P 51/2567 (! Dodonaea amplisemina (D.a) Goodenia E 51/1694 E 51/1396 M 51/878 (! berringbinensis (G.b) 7015000 7015000 MEEKATHARRA - SANDSTONE RD (! Hibiscus krichauffianus P 51/2634 (H.k) (! Nicotiana heterantha (N.h) E 51/1685 (! E 51/1695 E 51/843 Ptilotus lazaridis (P.l) (! Ptilotus luteolus (P.lu) Range Extensions Abutilon malvifolium P 51/2566 XY (A.m) Hibiscus verdcourtii (! (H.v) H.k (! Lipocarpha E 51/1534 GF microcephala (L.m) Marsilea costulifera H.k *# (! (M.c) 7010000 7010000 )" Sida trichopoda (S.t)

H.k P.l P.l (! (!(! (! P.l (! (! P.l H.k (!(!(! (! (!(!(! P.l !(! P.l P.l ((! (!(!(! P.l ¯ ! (!(! 0 1 2 N.h (!(! P.l (! P.l Kilometers L.m 1:75,000 G.b Datum: GDA94 P.l (! (!(! Projection: MGA Zone 50 (! GF P.l G.b

M 51/771 Date: 30/10/2017 Status: Final Figure: 8 Sheet Size: A3 Internal Reference: GAB_Sig E 51/1899 Drawn by: GSM Requested by: DB 7005000 7005000

655000 660000 665000 670000 675000 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

3.4 Introduced Flora

There were four introduced species recorded from the study area (Table 12, Figure 9, and Appendix 9):  *Bidens bipinnata  *Citrullus colocynthis;  *Lysimachia arvensis; and  *Tribulus terrestris.

None of these taxa are listed as a Declared Pest under the BAM Act.

31 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Table 12 Introduced species recorded from the study area.

Taxon Photograph Description Occurrence in Study Area *Bidens Erect annual herb that grows up to 1m in Recorded from three locations with bipinnata height. This species is widespread in the coverage <1%; from a medium (Bipinnate northern parts of WA from Shark Bay up to the drainage line and floodplain area. Beggartick) Northern Territory Border. It has three pronged barbs on its seeds so it is easily spread by livestock and other animals. In the Pilbara it is common in moist habitats such as drainage lines, flood plains and gorges, and responds vigorously following rainfall.

*Citrullus A yellow flowering, trailing perennial herb or Recorded as single individuals from colocynthis climber flowering from January to October two locations. (Linnaea) (Hussey et al. 1997). It occurs in rocky, stony loam or clay soils typically in wet disturbed sites such as floodplains. This taxon is widely distributed throughout Western Australia occurring in the Eremaean, Northern and South- Western Provinces.

32 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Taxon Photograph Description Occurrence in Study Area *Lysimachia A low-growing annual plant originating from Recorded from one location, a arvensis Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The medium drainage line, with four (Pimpernel) species has been distributed widely by humans, individuals providing less than 1% either deliberately as an ornamental flower or cover. accidentally. It is now naturalised almost worldwide, with a range that encompasses the Americas, Central and East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Malesia, the Pacific Islands, Australasia and Southern Africa.

*Tribulus A prostrate annual herb with leaflets growing in Recorded from three locations within terrestris pairs of 4-7. It has distinct spines that reach 2- the study area; a floodplain, stony (Caltrop) 8mm in length. Flowers are yellow and flowering plain and hardplain habitat. occurs between December and January (Hussey Providing less than 1% cover at each et al. 1997). This species favors sandy soils and location. A single plant was recorded was originally native to the Mediterranean but from a drainage zone. has spread across the majority of Australia. It is poisonous to stock.

33 655000 660000 665000 670000 675000

YOUNO DOWNS RD GABANINTHA - NANNINE RD AUSTRALIAN VANADIUM LIMITED

FIGURE 9

C.c Location of introduced

7020000 )" 7020000 C.c species within the study area

Legend B.b )" Study Area L.a )" Australian Vanadium Tenure )" B.b Introduced Flora )" Bidens bipinnata (B.b) P 51/2567 )" Citrullus colocynthis (C.c)

E 51/1694 E 51/1396 M 51/878 )" Lysimachia arvensis B.b (L.a) )" 7015000 7015000 MEEKATHARRA - SANDSTONE RD )" Tribulus terrestris (T.t) P 51/2634

E 51/1685 E 51/1695 E 51/843

P 51/2566

E 51/1534 7010000 7010000

T.t T.t )" )" ¯ 0 1 2

Kilometers 1:75,000 T.t Datum: GDA94 )" Projection: MGA Zone 50

M 51/771 Date: 30/10/2019 Status: Final Figure: 9 Sheet Size: A3 Internal Reference: GAB_Intro E 51/1899 Drawn by: GSM Requested by: DB 7005000 7005000

655000 660000 665000 670000 675000 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

3.5 Threatened Ecological Communities

The field survey confirmed that no TECs occur within or adjacent to the study area. 3.6 Priority Ecological Communities

The vegetation communities of the local area are well understood with ten known PECs occurring within a 50 km radius of the study area. For seven of the ten PECs conservation significance has no relationship to terrestrial flora and vegetation, instead reflecting the unique assemblages of invertebrate fauna in the groundwater calcretes. The remaining three known PECs in the local area are associated with specific land systems; Austin, Trillbar and Yagahong Land Systems (as defined by Curry et al. 1994). These three land systems are not represented within the study area, including the Yagahong Land System which is associated with a distinctive range approximately 3 km northeast of the study area.

None of the vegetation associations described and mapped from the study area were found to be aligned with any PECs documented from the Mid-West or Murchison. 3.7 Vegetation

A total of 28 vegetation associations classified as 17 broad floristic formations and occurring on eleven broad landforms were described and mapped from the study area (Figure 10, Table 13). A species by site matrix, species by vegetation association matrix, and raw data for the 84 study sites is presented in Appendices 10 to 12 respectively.

The latest EPA technical guidelines (EPA 2016a) recommend that a minimum of three quadrats should be sampled in each vegetation unit. It is noted that the field survey was undertaken prior to publication of these guidelines. As a result, eight of the 28 vegetation associations mapped within the study area are sampled by less than three quadrats. This has not impacted on the integrity of the survey, with the eight vegetation associations occurring outside of the tenement boundaries (predominantly along the southern fringe of the study area), and generally being small localised units covering between 4.8 hectares and 243.2 hectares.

35 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Table 13 Vegetation associations mapped within the study area.

Code Broad Vegetation Description Quadrats Condition Area % of Floristic (ha) Study Formation Area Hill Crests HC AqAi Acacia High High Open Shrubland of Acacia quadrimarginea, Acacia incurvaneura and Acacia WP129B Excellent 6.15 0.04 Open pruinocarpa over Low Scattered Shrubs of Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei, Shrubland Ptilotus obovatus and Maireana georgei on orange sandy loam on laterised range crests Hill Slopes HS AiAq Acacia Low Low Woodland of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa and Acacia caesaneura GAB82 Very Good 54.06 0.37 Woodland (narrow phyllode variant) over High Open Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia quadrimarginea over Open Shrubland of Sida ectogama and Eremophila spathulata over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus and Maireana villosa on brown sandy loam on BIF range Undulating Low Hills UH EmCd Eremophila Open Shrubland of Eremophila macmillaniana over Low Open Shrubland of Calytrix GAB05, Very Good 84.61 0.58 Open desolata, Ptilotus obovatus and Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii over Very Open GAB74, Shrubland Tussock Grassland of Aristida contorta with Scattered Low Trees of Acacia fuscaneura GAB75 and Acacia aptaneura on orange brown sandy loam on undulating low hills UH Ps Acacia High High Shrubland of Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia incurvaneura and Acacia pruinocarpa GAB07, Good 45.61 0.31 Shrubland over Open Shrubland of Eremophila glutinosa and Senna glaucifolia over Low GAB21, Scattered Shrubs of Ptilotus obovatus, Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei and GAB49 Tribulus suberosus over Low Scattered Shrubs of Ptilotus schwartzii on orange silty loam on dark ironstone hills UH Ar Acacia High High Shrubland (to High Open Shrubland) of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa GAB27, Very Good 239.75 1.64 Shrubland and Acacia rhodophloia over Open Shrubland of Acacia rhodophloia and Acacia GAB29 tetragonophylla over Scattered Low Shrubs of Eremophila spathulata, Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii x sturtii and Senna sp. Meekatharra (E. Bailey 1-26) on orange sandy loam on undulating low hills and stony plains UH EmAt Acacia High High Open Shrubland of Acacia fuscaneura and Acacia synchronicia over Open 109-495, Very Good 47.45 0.32 Open Shrubland of Eremophila macmillaniana and Acacia tetragonophylla over Low Open 496 Shrubland Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus and Solanum lasiophyllum over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Enneapogon caerulescens and Aristida contorta on brown sandy loam on undulating low dolerite hills Stony Plains

36 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code Broad Vegetation Description Quadrats Condition Area % of Floristic (ha) Study Formation Area SP Eyy Eremophila Shrubland (to Open Shrubland) of Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii and Hakea GAB18, Good 231.93 1.58 Shrubland preissii over Very Open Herbs of Sclerolaena cuneata, Atriplex codonocarpa and GAB50, Tribulus astrocarpus and Scattered Tall Shrubs of Hakea preissii, Acacia GAB54 tetragonophylla and Acacia fuscaneura on orange brown silty clay loam on stony plains SP Aq Acacia High High Shrubland (to High Open Shrubland) of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia fuscanerua GAB32, Very Good 61.58 0.42 Shrubland and Acacia quadrimarginea over Open Shrubland of Eremophila latrobei subsp. GAB34, latrobei, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii and Eremophila galeata over Low GAB70 Scattered Shrubs of Ptilotus schwartzii and Solanum lasiophyllum on brown sandy loam on stony plains and undulating low hills SP Es Acacia Low Low Open Woodland of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa and Acacia GAB33, Very Good 442.39 3.02 Open pteraneura over Open Shrubland of Eremophila spathulata over Low Open Shrubland GAB35, Woodland of Ptilotus schwartzii, Solanum lasiophyllum and Ptilotus obovatus on red sandy loam GAB76 on stony plains SP At Eg Acacia High High Open Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla, Hakea preissii, Acacia pteraneura and GAB02, Good 2,485.66 16.99 PoSl Open Acacia synchronicia over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata over Low Open GAB40, Shrubland Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus and Solanum lasiophyllum on orange sandy clay loam GAB44, on stony plains GAB46, GAB47, GAB48, GAB77 SP AcAt Eg Acacia Low Low Woodland of Acacia aptaneura, Acacia aneura, Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia GAB01, Good 1,363.84 9.32 Woodland caesaneura and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over High Shrubland of GAB10, Acacia craspedocarpa, Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid), and Acacia tetragonophylla over GAB19, Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata, Sida ectogama and Rhagodia drummondii over GAB52, Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum and Eremophila GAB53 forrestii subsp. forrestii over Open Tussock (to Tussock) Grassland of Aristida contorta, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella and Paspalidium clementii on brown clay loam on stony plains Hardpan Plains HP AcAt Po Acacia Low Low Open Forest of Acacia aptaneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia pruinocarpa over GAB15, Very Good 986.95 6.74 Open Forest High Open Shrubland of Acacia craspedocarpa and Acacia tetragonophylla over Low GAB20, Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus on brown clay loam on hardpan plains GAB41, GAB43, GAB45, GAB69

37 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code Broad Vegetation Description Quadrats Condition Area % of Floristic (ha) Study Formation Area HP Eg Acacia Low Low Open Woodland of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pteraneura and Acacia GAB23, Good 1,752.32 11.97 Open craspedocarpa (hybrid) over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata, Acacia GAB24, Woodland tetragonophylla and Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Very Open Tussock GAB26, Grassland of Erichne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Aristida contorta and Tripogon GAB28 loliiformis with Low Scattered Shrubs of Ptilotus obovatus and Solanum lasiophyllum on orange sandy clay loam on hardpan plains HP GsGn Grevillea Low Open Woodland (to Low Open Woodland) of Grevillea striata, Acacia aptaneura GAB09, Very Good 14.19 0.10 Low Open and Grevillea nematophylla subsp. supraplana over High Open Shrubland of Acacia GAB62, Woodland grasbyi, Acacia tetragonophylla, Grevillea nematophylla subsp. supraplana and Hakea GAB64 preissii over Open Shrubland of Eremophila platycalyx subsp. platycalyx, Hakea preissii and Acacia grasbyi over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Eragrostis pergracilis, Eragrostis falcata and Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella on yellow brown silty clay loam on hardpan plains bordering claypans HP EgEff Acacia High High Shrubland of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia craspedocarpa, Acacia craspedocarpa GAB03, Good 2,144.83 14.66 Shrubland (hybrid) and Acacia tetragonophylla with Low Open Woodland of Acacia pteraneura, GAB17, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over Open GAB30, Shrubland of Eremophila galeata and Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Low GAB42 Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum on orange sandy clay loam on hardpan plains HP Mp Maireana Low Shrubland (to Low Open Shrubland) of Maireana pyramidata, Cratystylis GAB04, Good 924.25 6.32 Low subspinescens and Ptilotus obovatus over Open Tussock Grassland of Aristida contorta, GAB14, Shrubland Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella and Tripogon loliiformis with Scattered Tall Shrubs GAB16, of Hakea preissii, Acacia pteraneura and Acacia tetragonophylla on orange sandy loam GAB31, on hardpan plain GAB37, GAB38 HP El Eremophila High Open Shrubland of Eremophila linearis and Acacia synchronicia over Open GAB13, Very Good 81.97 0.56 High Open Shrubland of Eremophila linearis over Low Open Shrubland of Eremophila linearis, GAB51, Shrubland Ptilotus obovatus and Dissocarpus paradoxus on orange sandy clay loam on hardpan GAB55, plains GAB56 Sand Plains SA Ms Melaleuca High Shrubland of Melaleuca stereophloia over Shrubland of Melaleuca stereophloia GAB59, Very Good 7.42 0.05 High and Eremophila glabra subsp. glabra over Low Open Shrubland of Maireana GAB60, Shrubland pyramidata and Tecticornia spp. on brown orange sand on sandy plains fringing GAB61, claypans WP69, GAB79

38 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code Broad Vegetation Description Quadrats Condition Area % of Floristic (ha) Study Formation Area SA Eff Ee Acacia Low Low Woodland of Acacia caesaneura, Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pteraneura and GAB06, Very Good 2,206.22 15.08 Woodland Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over Shrubland (to Open Shrubland) of GAB08, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Eragrostis GAB72 eriopoda on brown loamy sand on sandy banks and plains SA Po Acacia Low Low Open Woodland of Acacia pteraneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia caesaneura GAB11, Good 599.92 4.10 Open (narrow phyllode variant) over High Open Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla over GAB12, Woodland Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum and Eremophila GAB36, forrestii subsp. forrestii over Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne pulchella subsp. JG01 pulchella, Tripogon loliiformis and Aristida contorta on brown sandy clay loam on sandy plains Gilgai Plains GP Ep Eleocharis Sedges of Eleocharis pallens and Cyperus iria with Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne GAB84, Good 18.33 0.13 Sedges flaccida and Eragrostis leptocarpa, Open Herbs of Marsilea hirsuta, Ptilotus WP058, gomphrenoides and Centipeda crateriformis (plus Open Shrubland of Pimelea WP059 holroydii) on light brown cracking clay on gilgai depressions Saline Flats SF Th Tecticornia Low Open Heath of Tecticornia halocnemoides over Very Open Tussock Grassland of GAB78, Excellent 107.06 0.73 Low Open Enneapogon caerulescens and Eragrostis dielsii on creamy orange loamy sand on saline GAB80 Heath flats Claypans CP Ea Eragrostis Closed Tussock Grassland of Eragrostis australasica with Open Shrubland of Duma GAB81 Excellent 4.84 0.03 Closed florulenta and Atriplex amnicola on cream light clay on claypans Tussock Grassland CP Mh Marselia Herbs of Marsilea hirsuta, Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & GAB63, Very Good 16.97 0.12 Herbs A. Kanis 8158) and Goodenia berringbinensis with Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne GAB65, flaccida and Very Open Sedges of Cyperus iria on brown medium clay on claypans GAB66, GAB83 CP Df Duma Open Open Shrubland of Duma florulenta, Atriplex amnicola and Hakea preissii over Very GAB57, Very Good 243.17 1.66 Shrubland Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne falcata and Eragrostis pergracilis over Very Open GAB58 Herbs of Marsilea hirsuta, Alternanthera nodiflora and Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & A. Kanis 8158) with Scattered Tall Shrubs of Hakea preissii, Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia fuscaneura on brown light clay on claypans Drainage Zones

39 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code Broad Vegetation Description Quadrats Condition Area % of Floristic (ha) Study Formation Area DZ Ms Df Eremophila Open Heath of Eremophila glabra subsp. glabra, Duma florulenta and Atriplex GAB22 Very Good 45.52 0.31 Open Heath bunburyana with High Open Shrubland of Melaleuca stereophloia, Exocarpos aphyllus and Acacia tetragonophylla over Scattered Tussock Grassland of Aristida contorta and Enneapogon polyphyllus on yellow sandy clay loam on drainage zones DZ PaMsEy Acacia High High Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla, Hakea preissii, Eremophila youngii subsp. GAB39, Very Good 4.96 0.03 Shrubland youngii and Melaleuca stereophloia with Low Open Woodland of Pittosporum GAB67, angustifolium, Acacia fuscaneura and Hakea lorea subsp. lorea, Open Shrubland of GAB68 Eremophila platycalyx subsp. platycalyx, Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii and Rhagodia drummondii and Very Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne flaccida and Eragrostis leptocarpa on brown silty clay loam on drainage zones and claypans Medium Drainage Lines ME AiAaAf Acacia Low Low Open Forest of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia aptaneura, Acacia fuscaneura and GAB25, Very Good 358.56 2.45 Open Forest Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid) over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata, GAB71, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii and Acacia tetragonophylla over Very Open GAB73 Tussock Grassland of Iseilema membranaceum, Dactyloctenium radulans and Aristida contorta on brown loamy sand on medium drainage lines

40 Legend Study Area Vegetation Types AUSTRALIAN Hill Crest VANADIUM HC AqAi High Open Shrubland of Acacia quadrimarginea, Acacia incurvaneura and Acacia pruinocarpa over Low Scattered Shrubs of Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei, Ptilotus obovatus and Maireana georgei on orange sandy loam on laterised range crests Hill Slopes LIMITED Low Woodland of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over High Open Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia quadrimarginea over Open Shrubland of Sida ectogama and Eremophila spathulata over Low Open Shrubland of HS AiAq Ptilotus obovatus and Maireana villosa on brown sandy loam on BIF range Undulating Hills GABANINTHA Scattered Low Trees of Acacia fuscaneura and Acacia aptaneura over Open Shrubland of Eremophila macmillaniana over Low Open Shrubland of Calytrix desolata, Ptilotus obovatus and Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Aristida contorta on orange UH EmCd FIGURE 10 brown sandy loam on undulating low hills Vegetation Association High Shrubland of Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia incurvaneura and Acacia pruinocarpa over Open Shrubland of Eremophila glutinosa and Senna glaucifolia over Low Scattered Shrubs of Ptilotus obovatus, Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei, Tribulus suberosus and Ptilotus schwartzii on orange Legend UH Ps silty loam on dark ironstone hills High Shrubland (to High Open Shrubland) of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa and Acacia rhodophloia over Open Shrubland of Acacia rhodophloia and Acacia tetragonophylla over Scattered Low Shrubs of Eremophila spathulata, Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii x sturtii and UH Ar Senna sp. Meekatharra (E. Bailey 1-26) on orange sandy loam on undulating low hills and stony plains High Open Shrubland of Acacia fuscaneura and Acacia synchronicia over Open Shrubland of Eremophila macmillaniana and Acacia tetragonophylla over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus and Solanum lasiophyllum over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Enneapogon caerulescens UH EmAt and Aristida contorta on brown sandy loam on undulating low dolerite hills Stony Plains Shrubland (to Open Shrubland) of Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii and Hakea preissii over Very Open Herbs of Sclerolaena cuneata, Atriplex codonocarpa and Tribulus astrocarpus and Scattered Tall Shrubs of Hakea preissii, Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia fuscaneura on orange SP Eyy brown silty clay loam on stony plains High Shrubland (to High Open Shrubland) of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia fuscanerua and Acacia quadrimarginea over Open Shrubland of Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii and Eremophila galeata over Low Scattered Shrubs of Ptilotus schwartzii and SP Aq Solanum lasiophyllum on brown sandy loam on stony plains and undulating low hills SP Es Low Open Woodland of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa and Acacia pteraneura over Open Shrubland of Eremophila spathulata over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus schwartzii, Solanum lasiophyllum and Ptilotus obovatus on red sandy loam on stony plains SP At Eg PoSl High Open Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla, Hakea preissii, Acacia pteraneura and Acacia synchronicia over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus and Solanum lasiophyllum on orange sandy clay loam on stony plains Low Woodland of Acacia aptaneura, Acacia aneura, Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over High Shrubland of Acacia craspedocarpa, Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid), and Acacia tetragonophylla over Open Shrubland of Eremophila SP AcAt Eg galeata, Sida ectogama and Rhagodia drummondii over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum and Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Open Tussock (to Tussock) Grassland of Aristida contorta, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella and Paspalidium clementii on brown clay loam on stony plains Hardpan Plains HP AcAt Po Low Open Forest of Acacia aptaneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia pruinocarpa over High Open Shrubland of Acacia craspedocarpa and Acacia tetragonophylla over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus on brown clay loam on hardpan Low Open Woodland of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pteraneura and Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid) over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata, Acacia tetragonophylla and Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Erichne pulchella subsp. pulchella, HP Eg Aristida contorta and Tripogon loliiformis with Low Scattered Shrubs of Ptilotus obovatus and Solanum lasiophyllum on orange sandy clay loam on hardpan plains Low Open Woodland (to Low Open Woodland) of Grevillea striata, Acacia aptaneura and Grevillea nematophylla subsp. supraplana over High Open Shrubland of Acacia grasbyi, Acacia tetragonophylla, Grevillea nematophylla subsp. supraplana and Hakea preissii over Open Shrubland of HP GsGn Eremophila platycalyx subsp. platycalyx, Hakea preissii and Acacia grasbyi over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Eragrostis pergracilis, Eragrostis falcata and Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella on yellow brown silty clay loam on hardpan plains bordering claypans High Shrubland of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia craspedocarpa, Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid) and Acacia tetragonophylla with Low Open Woodland of Acacia pteraneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata and HP EgEff Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum on orange sandy clay loam on hardpan plains Low Shrubland (to Low Open Shrubland) of Maireana pyramidata, Cratystylis subspinescens and Ptilotus obovatus over Open Tussock Grassland of Aristida contorta, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella and Tripogon loliiformis with Scattered Tall Shrubs of Hakea preissii, Acacia pteraneura HP Mp and Acacia tetragonophylla on orange sandy loam on hardpan plain HP El High Open Shrubland of Eremophila linearis and Acacia synchronicia over Open Shrubland of Eremophila linearis over Low Open Shrubland of Eremophila linearis, Ptilotus obovatus and Dissocarpus paradoxus on orange sandy clay loam on hardpan plains Sandy Plains SA Ms High Shrubland of Melaleuca stereophloia over Shrubland of Melaleuca stereophloia and Eremophila glabra subsp. glabra over Low Open Shrubland of Maireana pyramidata and Tecticornia spp. on brown orange sand on sandy plains fringing claypans Low Woodland of Acacia caesaneura, Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pteraneura and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over Shrubland (to Open Shrubland) of Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Eragrostis eriopoda on brown loamy sand on SA Eff Ee sandy banks and plains Low Open Woodland of Acacia pteraneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over High Open Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum and Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Open SA Po Tussock Grassland of Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Tripogon loliiformis and Aristida contorta on brown sandy clay loam on sandy plains Gilgai Plain Sedges of Eleocharis pallens and Cyperus iria with Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne flaccida and Eragrostis leptocarpa, Open Herbs of Marsilea hirsuta, Ptilotus gomphrenoides and Centipeda crateriformis (plus Open Shrubland of Pimelea holroydii) on light brown cracking clay on gilgai GP Ep depressions Saline Flats SF Th Low Open Heath of Tecticornia halocnemoides over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Enneapogon caerulescens and Eragrostis dielsii Clay Plan CP Ea Closed Tussock Grassland of Eragrostis australasica with Open Shrubland of Duma florulenta and Atriplex amnicola on cream light clay on claypans CP Mh Herbs of Marsilea hirsuta, Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & A. Kanis 8158) and Goodenia berringbinensis with Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne flaccida and Very Open Sedges of Cyperus iria on brown medium clay on Open Shrubland of Duma florulenta, Atriplex amnicola and Hakea preissii over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne falcata and Eragrostis pergracilis over Very Open Herbs of Marsilea hirsuta, Alternanthera nodiflora and Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & A. CP Df Kanis 8158) with Scattered Tall Shrubs of Hakea preissii, Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia fuscaneura on brown light clay on claypans Drainage Zone Open Heath of Eremophila glabra subsp. glabra, Duma florulenta and Atriplex bunburyana with High Open Shrubland of Melaleuca stereophloia, Exocarpos aphyllus and Acacia tetragonophylla over Scattered Tussock Grassland of Aristida contorta and Enneapogon polyphyllus on yellow DZ Ms Df sandy clay loam on drainage zone High Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla, Hakea preissii, Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii and Melaleuca stereophloia with Low Open Woodland of Pittosporum angustifolium, Acacia fuscaneura and Hakea lorea subsp. lorea, Open Shrubland of Eremophila platycalyx subsp. platycalyx, DZ PaMsEy Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii and Rhagodia drummondii and Very Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne flaccida and Eragrostis leptocarpa on brown silty clay loam on drainage zones and claypans Date: 03/11/2017 Medium Drainage Line Status: Final Figure: 10 Low Open Forest of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia aptaneura, Acacia fuscaneura and Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid) over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii and Acacia tetragonophylla over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Iseilema membranaceum, ME AiAaAf Sheet Size: A3 Dactyloctenium radulans and Aristida contorta on brown loamy sand on medium drainage lines Internal Reference: GAB_Veg Drawn by: GSM Other Requested by: DB Water Borrow Pit Old Mine 655000 660000 665000 670000 675000

YOUNO DOWNS RD GABANINTHA - NANNINE RD AUSTRALIAN MEEKATHARRA - SANDSTONE RD VANADIUM LIMITED

GABANINTHA SP At Eg PoSl SP AcAt Eg SP At Eg PoSl SP Es SP Es ME AiAaAf UH EmCd FIGURE 11 7020000 HP Mp 7020000 ME AiAaAf ME AiAaAf UH EmCd Vegetation association Old Mine SP Es map for the study area SP Es GP Ep ME AiAaAf

SP At Eg PoSl GP Ep SP Aq HC AqAi UH Ar HS AiAq Legend UH Ar SP Aq HP Eg SP At Eg PoSl ME AiAaAf Study Area ME AiAaAf SP At Eg PoSl HP Eg GP Ep SP At Eg PoSl

SP Aq ME AiAaAf ME AiAaAf

HP EgEff

SP At Eg PoSl

UH Ps SA Eff Ee HP Eg SP AcAt Eg 7015000 7015000

HP Eg HP EgEff

Borrow Pit SA Eff Ee

SP Aq

HP El SA Eff Ee HP El SP At Eg PoSl HP AcAt Po

SP At Eg PoSl SA Po

DZ PaMsEy SP At Eg PoSl SP AcAt Eg HP El SP At Eg PoSl

7010000 UH Ps 7010000 SA Po SP At Eg PoSl UH Ps Water SP Eyy SP At Eg PoSl SP At Eg PoSl SP At Eg PoSl HP GsGn HP Mp CP Df HP Mp SA Po DZ Ms Df CP Df

SP Eyy CP Df CP Df CP Mh UH EmAt SP AcAt Eg CP Df CP Mh CP Df CP Mh UH EmAt ¯ SP At Eg PoSl CP Df CP Mh 0 1 2 HP GsGn SF Th SA Ms Kilometers SF Th CP Ea HP GsGn 1:75,000 Water Datum: GDA94 Projection: MGA Zone 50

Date: 03/11/2017 Status: Final Figure: 10 Sheet Size: A3 Internal Reference: GAB_Veg Drawn by: GSM Requested by: DB 7005000 7005000

655000 660000 665000 670000 675000 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

3.8 Vegetation Condition

Vegetation condition within the study area ranged from completely degraded to excellent (Figure 11, Table 14) with grazing by cattle being the most common and widespread disturbance impacting on native vegetation. Vegetation radiating from permanent stock watering points was most severely impacted by grazing, with removal or significant alteration to the understorey vegetation strata contributing to a reduced vegetation condition score. Other localised disturbances resulted from historical mining activities in the northern sector of the study area, more recent mining exploration in northern and central sectors of the study area, and borrow pits for road construction along the Meekatharra – Sandstone Road. Vegetation condition across the largest proportion of the study area was rated as good (49.5% of the study area) and very good (45.1% of the study area).

Table 14 Vegetation condition within the study area.

Condition Area (ha) % of Total Pristine 0 0 Excellent 113.2 0.8 Very Good 6,599.6 45.1 Good 7,249.7 49.5 Degraded 618.7 4.2 Completely Degraded 52.0 0.4 Total 14,633.2 100.00

43 655000 660000 665000 670000 675000

YOUNO DOWNS RD GABANINTHA - NANNINE RD AUSTRALIAN VANADIUM LIMITED

GABANINTHA

7020000 7020000 FIGURE 11 Vegetation condition map for the study area

Legend

Study Area Vegetation Condition Completely Degraded Degraded Good Very Good Excellent 7015000 7015000

MEEKATHARRA -SANDSTONE RD 7010000 7010000 ¯ 0 1 2

Kilometers 1:75,000 Datum: GDA94 Projection: MGA Zone 50

Date: 03/11/2017 Status: Final Figure: 11 Sheet Size: A3 Internal Reference: GAB_Cond Drawn by: GSM Requested by: DB 7005000 7005000

655000 660000 665000 670000 675000 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code HC AqAi Broad Floristic Formation Acacia High Open Shrubland Vegetation Association High Open Shrubland of Acacia quadrimarginea, Acacia incurvaneura and Acacia pruinocarpa over Low Scattered Shrubs of Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei, Ptilotus obovatus and Maireana georgei on orange sandy loam on laterised range crests

Quadrats Sampled 129B Soils and Geology Orange sandy loam; laterite Land Form Laterised range crests Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Excellent Disturbances Mining exploration Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Tall Shrubs >2 m Acacia quadrimarginea, Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa Low Shrubs < 1 m Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei, Ptilotus obovatus, Maireana georgei

45 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code HS AiAq Broad Floristic Formation Acacia Low Woodland Vegetation Association Low Woodland of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over High Open Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia quadrimarginea over Open Shrubland of Sida ectogama and Eremophila spathulata over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus and Maireana villosa on brown sandy loam on BIF range

Quadrats Sampled GAB82 Soils and Geology Brown sandy loam Land Form BIF ridges and hills Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing (minor), mining exploration Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Trees < 10 m Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa, Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) Tall Shrubs >2 m Acacia tetragonophylla, Acacia quadrimarginea, Psydrax latifolia, Acacia tetragonophylla Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Sida ectogama, Eremophila spathulata Low Shrubs < 1 m Ptilotus obovatus, Maireana villosa

46 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code UH EmCd Broad Floristic Formation Eremophila Open Shrubland Vegetation Association Open Shrubland of Eremophila macmillaniana over Low Open Shrubland of Calytrix desolata, Ptilotus obovatus and Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Aristida contorta with Scattered Low Trees of Acacia fuscaneura and Acacia aptaneura on orange brown sandy loam on undulating low hills

Quadrats Sampled GAB05, GAB74, GAB75 Soils and Geology Orange brown sandy loam Land Form Undulating low hills Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora Acacia speckii, Dodonaea amplisemina, Ptilotus luteolus Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Historical mining, cutting of Mulga for mine shaft props, cattle grazing, access tracks Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Trees < 10 m Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia aptaneura Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila macmillaniana, Senna glutinosa subsp. xluerssenii Low Shrubs < 1 m Calytrix desolata, Ptilotus obovatus, Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii, Senna artemisioides subsp. oligophylla x helmsii, Eremophila exilifolia, Maireana georgei, Maireana triptera, Maireana melanocoma Tussock Grasses Aristida contorta, Enneapogon caerulescens

47 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code UH Ps Broad Floristic Formation Acacia High Shrubland Vegetation Association High Shrubland of Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia incurvaneura and Acacia pruinocarpa over Open Shrubland of Eremophila glutinosa and Senna glaucifolia over Low Scattered Shrubs of Ptilotus obovatus, Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei, Tribulus suberosus and Ptilotus schwartzii on orange silty loam on dark ironstone hills

Quadrats Sampled GAB07, GAB21, GAB49 Soils and Geology Orange silty loam with limited ironstone outcropping and pebbles Land Form Undulating hills Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Degraded - Very Good Disturbances Mine exploration, Cattle grazing, road/access track, senescence, rubbish Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Trees < 10 m Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa, Acacia aptaneura, Acacia pteraneura Tall Shrubs >2 m Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila galeata, Eremophila glutinosa, Senna glaucifolia Low Shrubs < 1 m Ptilotus obovatus, Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei, Senna sp. Meekatharra (E. Bailey 1-26), Ptilotus rotundifolius, Maireana georgei, Maireana triptera, Solanum lasiophyllum, Tribulus suberosus, Ptilotus schwartzii Tussock Grasses Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella

48 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code UH Ar Broad Floristic Formation Acacia High Shrubland Vegetation Association High Shrubland (to High Open Shrubland) of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa and Acacia rhodophloia over Open Shrubland of Acacia rhodophloia and Acacia tetragonophylla over Scattered Low Shrubs of Eremophila spathulata, Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii x sturtii and Senna sp. Meekatharra (E. Bailey 1-26) on orange sandy loam on undulating low hills and stony plains

Quadrats Sampled GAB27, GAB29 Soils and Geology Orange sandy loam Land Form Undulating low hills and stony plains Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, road/access track Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Tall Shrubs > 2 m Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa, Acacia rhodophloia, Acacia ramulosa var. linophylla Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Acacia rhodophloia, Acacia tetragonophylla Low Shrubs < 1m Eremophila spathulata, Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii x sturtii, Senna sp. Meekatharra (E. Bailey 1-26), Eremophila jucunda subsp. jucunda, Ptilotus rotundifolius, Ptilotus schwartzii, Herbs Ptilotus roei, Portulaca oleracea

49 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code UH EmAt Broad Floristic Formation Acacia High Open Shrubland Vegetation Association High Open Shrubland of Acacia fuscaneura and Acacia synchronicia over Open Shrubland of Eremophila macmillaniana and Acacia tetragonophylla over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus and Solanum lasiophyllum over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Enneapogon caerulescens and Aristida contorta on brown sandy loam on undulating low dolerite hills

Quadrats Sampled 109-495,496 Soils and Geology Brown sandy loam; dolerite Land Form Undulating low dolerite hills Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Tall Shrubs >2 m Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia synchronicia Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila macmillaniana, Acacia tetragonophylla Low Shrubs < 1 m Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum Tussock Grasses Enneapogon caerulescens, Aristida contorta

50 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code SP Eyy Broad Floristic Formation Eremophila Shrubland Vegetation Association Shrubland (to Open Shrubland) of Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii and Hakea preissii over Very Open Herbs of Sclerolaena cuneata, Atriplex codonocarpa and Tribulus astrocarpus and Scattered Tall Shrubs of Hakea preissii, Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia fuscaneura on orange brown silty clay loam on stony plains

Quadrats Sampled GAB18, GAB50, GAB54 Soils and Geology Orange brown silty clay loam with quartz scree and cobbles Land Form Stony plains Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora Ptilotus lazaridis Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, road/access track Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Tall Shrubs >2 m Hakea preissii, Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia tetragonophylla, Acacia synchronicia, Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii, Hakea preissii Low Shrubs < 1 m Solanum lasiophyllum, Maireana pyramidata, Frankenia setosa, Solanum lasiophyllum, Dissocarpus paradoxus Herbs Sclerolaena cuneata, Atriplex codnocarpa, Tribulus astrocarpus, Boerhavia repleta, Tussock Grasses Aristida contorta, Dactyloctenium radulans, Cynodon prostratus

51 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code SP Aq Broad Floristic Formation Acacia High Shrubland Vegetation Association High Shrubland (to High Open Shrubland) of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia fuscanerua and Acacia quadrimarginea over Open Shrubland of Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii and Eremophila galeata over Low Scattered Shrubs of Ptilotus schwartzii and Solanum lasiophyllum on brown sandy loam on stony plains and undulating low hills

Quadrats Sampled GAB32, GAB34, GAB70 Soils and Geology Brown sandy loam with ironstone and quartz scree Land Form Stony plains and undulating low hills Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, road/access track, mine exploration Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Tall Shrubs >2 m Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia fuscanerua, Acacia quadrimarginea, Acacia ramulosa var. linophylla, Acacia pruinocarpa Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii, Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei, Eremophila galeata Low Shrubs < 1 m Ptilotus schwartzii, Solanum lasiophyllum

52 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code SP Es Broad Floristic Formation Acacia Low Open Woodland Vegetation Association Low Open Woodland of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa and Acacia pteraneura over Open Shrubland of Eremophila spathulata over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus schwartzii, Solanum lasiophyllum and Ptilotus obovatus on red sandy loam on stony plains

Quadrats Sampled GAB33, GAB35, GAB76 Soils and Geology Red sandy loam with ironstone quartz cobbles and gibber Land Form Stony plains and hillslopes, dark ironstone plains Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, mine exploration, road/access track Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Trees < 10 m Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa, Acacia pteraneura Tall Shrubs > 2 m Acacia tetragonophylla Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila spathulata, Eremophila galeata, Sida ectogama Low Shrubs < 1 m Ptilotus schwartzii, Solanum lasiophyllum, Ptilotus obovatus, Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii, Ptilotus rotundifolius, Maireana georgei Herbs Ptilotus roei

53 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code SP At Eg PoSl Broad Floristic Formation Acacia High Open Shrubland Vegetation Association High Open Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla, Hakea preissii, Acacia pteraneura and Acacia synchronicia over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus and Solanum lasiophyllum on orange sandy clay loam on stony plains

Quadrats Sampled GAB02, GAB40, GAB44, GAB46, GAB47, GAB48, GAB77 Soils and Geology Orange sandy clay loam with dense ironstone and quartz cobbles and scree, limited outcropping Land Form Stony plains Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora Dodonaea amplisemina, Acacia speckii, Abutilon malvifolium, Hibiscus verdcourtii, Sida trichopoda Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Very Good - Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, road access track Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Tall Shrubs >2 m Acacia tetragonophylla, Hakea preissii, Acacia synchronicia, Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid), Acacia pteraneura, Acacia pruinocarpa Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila galeata, Acacia tetragonophylla, Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei Low Shrubs <1 m Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum, Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei, Eremophila exilifolia, Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii, Senna artemisioides subsp. x sturtii Herbs Sclerolaena cuneata, Sclerolaena densiflora, Ptilotus roei Tussock Grasses Aristida contorta, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Tripogon loliiformis

54 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code SP AcAt Eg Broad Floristic Formation Acacia Low Woodland Vegetation Association Low Woodland of Acacia aptaneura, Acacia aneura, Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over High Shrubland of Acacia craspedocarpa, Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid) and Acacia tetragonophylla over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata, Sida ectogama and Rhagodia drummondii over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum and Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Open Tussock (to Tussock) Grassland of Aristida contorta, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella and Paspalidium clementii on brown clay loam on stony plains

Quadrats Sampled GAB01, GAB10, GAB19, GAB52, GAB53 Soils and Geology Brown clay loam Land Form Stony plains Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora Hibiscus krichaufianus, Introduced (Weed) Species *Bidens bipinnata, *Tribulus terrestris Vegetation Condition Good - Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, mine exploration, road/access track Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Trees < 10 m Acacia aptaneura, Acacia aneura, Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia caesaneura, Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant), Acacia pruinocarpa, Acacia incurvaneura Tall Shrubs > 2 m Acacia craspedocarpa, Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid), Acacia tetragonophylla, Santalum lanceolatum Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila galeata, Sida ectogama, Rhagodia drummondii, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii Low Shrubs < 1 m Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii Herbs Boehavia repleta, Euphorbia drummondii, Calandrinia sp. indet, Portulaca oleracea, Phyllanthus erwinii Sedges Cyperus iria Tussock Grasses Aristida contorta, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Paspalidium clementii, Digitaria brownii, Tripogon loliformis, Eragrostis pergracilis

55 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code HP AcAt Po Broad Floristic Formation Acacia Low Open Forest Vegetation Association Low Open Forest of Acacia aptaneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia pruinocarpa over High Open Shrubland of Acacia craspedocarpa and Acacia tetragonophylla over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus on brown clay loam on hardpan plains

Quadrats Sampled GAB15, GAB20, GAB41, GAB43, GAB45, GAB69 Soils and Geology Orange brown clay loam with scattered ironstone or quartz pebbles Land Form Hardpan plain Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora Hibiscus krichaufianus Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Good - Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, road/access track, rubbish Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Trees < 10 m Acacia aptaneura, Acacia caesaneura, Acacia pruinocarpa, Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant), Hakea lorea subsp. lorea Tall Shrubs >2 m Acacia craspedocarpa, Acacia tetragonophylla, Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid) Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila eriocalyx, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii, Low Shrubs < 1 m Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum, Abutilon crytopetalum, Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei, Maireana villosa Herbs Tribulus astrocarpus, Portulaca oleracea, Ptilotus roei, Ptilotus aervoides Tussock Grasses Paspalidium clementii, Aristida contorta, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Paspalidium clementii

56 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code HP Eg Broad Floristic Formation Acacia Low Open Woodland Vegetation Association Low Open Woodland of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pteraneura and Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid) over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata, Acacia tetragonophylla and Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Erichne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Aristida contorta and Tripogon loliiformis with Low Scattered Shrubs of Ptilotus obovatus and Solanum lasiophyllum on orange sandy clay loam on hardpan plains

Quadrats Sampled GAB23, GAB24, GAB26, GAB28 Soils and Geology Orange sandy clay loam with minor sandstone outcropping and dense ironstone/quartz scree in places Land Form Hardpan plains Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Good - Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, access track Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Trees < 10m Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pteraneura, Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid), Acacia pruinocarpa, Acacia fuscaneura Shrubs >2m Acacia ramolosa var. ramulosa, Acacia craspedocarpa, Acacia tetragonophylla Shrubs 1-2 Eremohpila galeata, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forestii, Senna glaucifolia, Eremophila exilifolia, Eremophila lateobei subsp. latrobei Shrubs < 1m Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum, Eremophila compacta, Eremophila spathulata, Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii, Senna glaucifolia Herbs Ptilotus roei, Boerhavia repleta, Euphorbia drummondii Tussock Grasses Tripogon loliformis, Aristida contorta, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Paspalidium clementii

57 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code HP GsGn Broad Floristic Formation Grevillea Low Open Woodland Vegetation Association Low Open Woodland (to Low Open Woodland) of Grevillea striata, Acacia aptaneura and Grevillea nematophylla subsp. supraplana over High Open Shrubland of Acacia grasbyi, Acacia tetragonophylla, Grevillea nematophylla subsp. supraplana and Hakea preissii over Open Shrubland of Eremophila platycalyx subsp. platycalyx, Hakea preissii and Acacia grasbyi over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Eragrostis pergracilis, Eragrostis falcata and Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella on yellow brown silty clay loam on hardpan plains bordering claypans

Quadrats Sampled GAB09, GAB62, GAB64 Soils and Geology Yellow silty clay loam Land Form Floodplains Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, road/access track Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Trees < 10 m Grevillea striata, Acacia aptaneura, Grevillea nematophylla subsp. supraplana, Pittosporum angustifolium, Acacia fuscaneura Tall Shrubs >2 m Acacia grasbyi, Acacia tetragonophylla, Grevillea nematophylla subsp. supraplana, Hakea preissii, Acacia craspedocarpa, Acacia sclerosperma subsp. sclerosperma, Exocarpos aphyllus Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila platycalyx subsp. platycalyx, Hakea preissii, Acacia grasbyi Low Shrubs < 1 m Scaevola spinescens Herbs Marsilea hirsuta, Cyperus iria, Calandrinia pumila, Alternanthera nodiflora Tussock Grasses Eragrostis pergracilis, Eragrostis falcata, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Eragrostis leptocarpa

58 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code HP EgEff Broad Floristic Formation Acacia High Shrubland Vegetation Association High Shrubland of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia craspedocarpa, Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid) and Acacia tetragonophylla with Low Open Woodland of Acacia pteraneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata and Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus and Solanum lasiophyllum on orange sandy clay loam on hardpan plains

Quadrats Sampled GAB03, GAB17, GAB30, GAB42 Soils and Geology Orange sandy clay loam with minor ironstone scree Land Form Hardpan plains/stony plains Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Good - Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, mine exploration, road/access track Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Trees < 10 m Acacia pteraneura, Acacia caesaneura, Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant), Acacia fuscaneura Tall Shrubs >2 m Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia craspedocarpa, Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid), Acacia tetragonophylla Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila galeata, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii, Sida ectogama Low Shrubs < 1m Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum, Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii, Enchylaena tomentosa Tussock Grasses Tripogon loliiformis, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Eragrostis pergracilis

59 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code HP Mp Broad Floristic Formation Maireana Low Shrubland Vegetation Association Low Shrubland (to Low Open Shrubland) of Maireana pyramidata, Cratystylis subspinescens and Ptilotus obovatus over Open Tussock Grassland of Aristida contorta, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella and Tripogon loliiformis with Scattered Tall Shrubs of Hakea preissii, Acacia pteraneura and Acacia tetragonophylla on orange sandy loam on hardpan plain

Quadrats Sampled GAB04, GAB14, GAB16, GAB31, GAB37, GAB38 Soils and Geology Orange sandy loam Land Form Hardpan plains and sand plains Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora Ptilotus lazaridis, Marselia costulifera Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Good - Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, road/access track, mine exploration, rubbish Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Tall Shrubs >2 m Hakea preissii, Acacia tetragonophylla, Acacia pteraneura, Acacia aptaneura, Acacia synchronicia, Acacia aneura Low Shrubs < 1m Maireana pyramidata, Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum, Scaevola spinescens, Eremophila malacoides, Cratystylis subspinescens, Frankenia setosa, Lycium australe, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii Herbs Atriplex codonocarpa, Sclerolaena cuneata, Euphorbia drummondii, Boehavia repleta, Tribulus astrocarpus, Trianthema oxycalyptrum Tussock Grasses Aristida contorta, Eragrostis falcata, Dactyloctenium radulans, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Tripogon loliiformis, Eragrostis pergracilis, Cynodon prostratus

60 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code HP El Broad Floristic Formation Eremophila High Open Shrubland Vegetation Association High Open Shrubland of Eremophila linearis and Acacia synchronicia over Open Shrubland of Eremophila linearis over Low Open Shrubland of Eremophila linearis, Ptilotus obovatus and Dissocarpus paradoxus on orange sandy clay loam on hardpan plains

Quadrats Sampled GAB13, GAB51, GAB55, GAB56 Soils and Geology Orange sandy clay loam Land Form Hardpan plains Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Road/access track, cattle grazing Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Tall Shrubs >2 m Eremophila linearis, Acacia synchronicia Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila linearis, Rhagodia eremaea Low Shrubs < 1 m Eremophila linearis, Ptilotus obovatus, Maireana georgei, Dissocarpus paradoxus Herbs Sclerolaena cuneata, Sclerolaena diacantha Grasses Cynodon prostratus

61 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code SA Ms Broad Floristic Formation Melaleuca High Shrubland Vegetation Association High Shrubland of Melaleuca stereophloia over Shrubland of Melaleuca stereophloia and Eremophila glabra subsp. glabra over Low Open Shrubland of Maireana pyramidata and Tecticornia spp. on brown orange sand on sandy plains fringing claypans

Quadrats Sampled GAB59, GAB60, GAB61, WP69, GAB79 Soils and Geology Brown orange sand Land Form Sandy plains fringing claypans Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Good - Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Tall Shrubs >2 m Melaleuca stereophloia, Acacia tetragonophylla, Exocarpos aphyllus Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Melaleuca stereophloia, Eremophila glabra subsp. glabra, Atriplex amnicola Low Shrubs < 1 m Maireana pyramidata, Tecticornia spp., Solanum lasiophyllum, Enchylaena tomentosa Tussock Grasses Eragrostis dielsii, Dactyloctenium radulans

62 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code SA Eff Ee Broad Floristic Formation Acacia Low Woodland Vegetation Association Low Woodland of Acacia caesaneura, Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pteraneura and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over Shrubland (to Open Shrubland) of Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Eragrostis eriopoda on brown loamy sand on sandy banks and plains

Quadrats Sampled GAB06, GAB08, GAB72 Soils and Geology Brown loamy sand Land Form Sandy banks and plains Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, road/access track Average Fire Age Old (>6 years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Trees < 10 m Acacia caesaneura, Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia pteraneura, Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) Tall Shrubs >2 m Acacia tetragonophylla Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii, Eremophila spuria, Rhagodia drummondii Low Shrubs <1 m Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum, Enchylaena tomentosa, Maireana villosa Tussock Grasses Eragrostis eriopoda, Monachather paradoxus, Aristida contorta, Eriachne helmsii

63 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code SA Po Broad Floristic Formation Acacia Low Open Woodland Vegetation Association Low Open Woodland of Acacia pteraneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over High Open Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum and Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Tripogon loliiformis and Aristida contorta on brown sandy clay loam on sandy plains

Quadrats Sampled GAB11, GAB12, GAB36, JG01 Soils and Geology Orange brown sandy clay loam Land Form Sandy plains Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora Hibiscus krichaufianus Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, mine exploration, road/access track Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Trees < 10 m Acacia pteraneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant), Acacia pruinocarpa Tall Shrubs >2 m Acacia tetragonophylla, Acacia grasbyi, Hakea preissii Low Shrubs <1 m Ptilotus obovatus, Maireana pyramidata, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii, Solanum lasiophyllum, Sida ectogama Herbs Sclerolaena cuneata Tussock Grasses Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Tripogon loliiformis, Aristida contorta, Dactyloctenium radulans

64 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code GP Ep Broad Floristic Formation Eleocharis Sedges Vegetation Association Sedges of Eleocharis pallens and Cyperus iria with Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne flaccida and Eragrostis leptocarpa, Open Herbs of Marsilea hirsuta, Ptilotus gomphrenoides and Centipeda crateriformis (plus Open Shrubland of Pimelea holroydii) on light brown cracking clay on gilgai depressions

Quadrats Sampled GAB84, WP058, WP059 Soils and Geology Light brown cracking clay Land Form Gilgai depressions Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Good Disturbances Cattle grazing Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Low Shrubs < 1 m Pimelea holroydii Tussock Grasses Eriachne flaccida, Eragrostis leptocarpa Herbs Marsilea hirsuta, Ptilotus gomphrenoides, Centipeda crateriformis Sedges Eleocharis pallens, Cyperus iria

65 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code SF Th Broad Floristic Formation Tecticornia Low Open Heath Vegetation Association Low Open Heath of Tecticornia halocnemoides over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Enneapogon caerulescens and Eragrostis dielsii on creamy orange loamy sand on saline flats

Quadrats Sampled GAB78, GAB80 Soils and Geology Creamy orange loamy sand Land Form Saline flats, marsh Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora Nicotiana heterantha Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Excellent Disturbances Cattle grazing (minor) Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Low Shrubs < 1 m Tecticornia halocnemoides, Tecticornia indica, Maireana pyramidata Tussock Grasses Enneapogon caerulescens, Eragrostis dielsii, Eragrostis falcata, Aristida contorta Herbs Trianthema triquetra, Dysphania melanocarpa

66 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code CP Ea Broad Floristic Formation Eragrostis Closed Tussock Grassland Vegetation Association Closed Tussock Grassland of Eragrostis australasica with Open Shrubland of Duma florulenta and Atriplex amnicola on cream light clay on claypans

Quadrats Sampled GAB81 Soils and Geology Cream light clay Land Form Claypans Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Excellent Disturbances Cattle grazing (minor) Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Tall Shrubs >2 m Melaleuca stereophila Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Duma florulenta, Atriplex amnicola Tussock Grasses Eragrostis australasica, Eragrostis pergracilis

67 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code CP Mh Broad Floristic Formation Marselia Herbs Vegetation Association Herbs of Marsilea hirsuta, Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & A. Kanis 8158) and Goodenia berringbinensis with Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne flaccida and Very Open Sedges of Cyperus iria on brown medium clay on claypans

Quadrats Sampled GAB63, GAB65, GAB66, GAB83 Soils and Geology Brown medium clay Land Form Claypans Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora Goodenia berringbinensis, Lipocarpha microcephala Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Tussock Grasses Eriachne flaccida Herbs Marsilea hirsuta, Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & A. Kanis 8158), Goodenia berringbinensis Sedges Cyperus iria

68 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code CP Df Broad Floristic Formation Duma Open Shrubland Vegetation Association Open Shrubland of Duma florulenta, Atriplex amnicola and Hakea preissii over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne falcata and Eragrostis pergracilis over Very Open Herbs of Marsilea hirsuta, Alternanthera nodiflora and Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & A. Kanis 8158) with Scattered Tall Shrubs of Hakea preissii, Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia fuscaneura on brown light clay on claypans

Quadrats Sampled GAB57, GAB58 Soils and Geology Brown light clay Land Form Claypans Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora Ptilotus lazaridis Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing Average Fire Age Old (6+years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Tall Shrubs >2m Hakea preissii, Acacia tetragonophylla, Acacia fuscaneura Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Duma florulenta, Atriplex amnicola, Hakea preissii, Eremophila platycalyx subsp. platycalyx, Ptilotus divaricatus Tussock Grasses Eriachne falcata, Eragrostis pergracilis, Eragrostis leptocarpa, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Aristida contorta Herbs Marsilea hirsuta, Alternanthera nodiflora, Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & A. Kanis 8158)

69 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code DZ Ms Df Broad Floristic Formation Eremophila Open Heath Vegetation Association Open Heath of Eremophila glabra subsp. glabra, Duma florulenta and Atriplex bunburyana with High Open Shrubland of Melaleuca stereophloia, Exocarpos aphyllus and Acacia tetragonophylla over Scattered Tussock Grassland of Aristida contorta and Enneapogon polyphyllus on yellow sandy clay loam on drainage zone

Quadrats Sampled GAB22 Soils and Geology Yellow sandy clay loam Land Form Drainage zones, soaks Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species *Tribulus terrestris Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, road/access track Average Fire Age Old (6+years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Tall Shrubs >2m Melaleuca stereophloia, Exocarpos aphyllus, Acacia tetragonophylla Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila glabra subsp. glabra, Duma florulenta, Atriplex bunburyana Tussock Grasses Aristida contorta, Enneapogon polyphyllus

70 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code DZ PaMsEy Broad Floristic Formation Acacia High Shrubland Vegetation Association High Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla, Hakea preissii, Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii and Melaleuca stereophloia with Low Open Woodland of Pittosporum angustifolium, Acacia fuscaneura and Hakea lorea subsp. lorea, Open Shrubland of Eremophila platycalyx subsp. platycalyx, Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii and Rhagodia drummondii and Very Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne flaccida and Eragrostis leptocarpa on brown silty clay loam on drainage zones and claypans

Quadrats Sampled GAB39, GAB67, GAB68 Soils and Geology Brown silty clay loam Land Form Drainage zones and claypans Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora None Introduced (Weed) Species None Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing, road/access track Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Trees < 10 m Pittosporum angustifolium, Acacia fuscaneura, Hakea lorea subsp. lorea, Grevillea striata Tall Shrubs >2 m Acacia tetragonophylla, Hakea preissii, Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii, Melaleuca stereophloia, Acacia craspedocarpa, Eremophila longifolia, Exocarpos aphyllus Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila platycalyx subsp. platycalyx, Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii, Rhagodia drummondii Low Shrubs < 1 m Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum, Enchylaena tomentosa Tussock Grasses Eriachne flaccida, Eragrostis leptocarpa, Eragrostis pergracilis Herbs Cyperus iria, Marsilea hirsuta, Alternanthera nodiflora, Centipeda thespedioides

71 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Code ME AiAaAf Broad Floristic Formation Acacia Low Open Forest Vegetation Association Low Open Forest of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia aptaneura, Acacia fuscaneura and Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid) over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii and Acacia tetragonophylla over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Iseilema membranaceum, Dactyloctenium radulans and Aristida contorta on brown loamy sand on medium drainage lines

Quadrats Sampled GAB25, GAB71, GAB73 Soils and Geology Brown light clay Land Form Medium drainage lines Priority Ecological Community No Conservation Significant Flora Dodonaea amplisemina, Ptilotus luteolus, Acacia speckii Introduced (Weed) Species *Bidens bipinnata, *Lysimachia arvensis, *Citrullus colocynthis Vegetation Condition Very Good Disturbances Cattle grazing Average Fire Age Old (6+ years) Vegetation Structure & Floristics Trees < 10 m Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia aptaneura, Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid), Acacia aneura Mid Shrubs 1-2 m Eremophila galeata, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii, Acacia tetragonophylla Low Shrubs < 1 m Abutilon cryptopetalum, Abutilon fraseri Herbs Ptilotus gomphrenoides, Tussock Grasses Iseilema membranaceum, Dactyloctenium radulans, Aristida contorta, Dichanthium sericeum subsp. humilius, Paspalidium clementii

72 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

3.9 Representation and Reservation of Vegetation

To assess the representation of vegetation within the study area, regional mapping completed by Beard (1976) was utilised. A total of six Beard vegetation associations were represented within the study area (Table 15). In terms of representation, the Western Australian Government is committed to the National Objectives Targets for Biodiversity Conservation which includes a target that prevents clearance of ecological communities with an extent below 30% of that present pre-European settlement (Department of Natural Resources and Environment 2002, EPA 2000).

When considering representation at the State level, the six Beard associations represented within the study area currently have greater than 90.27% of their pre- European extent remaining (Government of Western Australia 2018).

The study area is located within the Murchison bioregion, specifically within the Eastern Murchison subregion (as discussed in Section 1.3). When considering the representation of vegetation at the IBRA regional level and IBRA system level, greater than 98.68% of the pre-European extent remains for the six vegetation associations represented (Table 15).

The study area falls entirely within the Shire of Meekatharra. At this local level greater than 99.79% of the pre-European extent remains for the six vegetation associations represented (Table 15).

Vegetation within the study area is therefore determined to be well represented at all levels (statewide, bioregional [IBRA region and IBRA sub-region] and local), with more than 90% of the pre-European extent remaining for each of the six Beard vegetation associations represented.

In terms of reservation, there is a benchmark for a minimum of 15% of each Beard vegetation association to be protected in class I-IV reserves (Commonwealth of Australia 1997). Across all levels, the proportion of each vegetation association occurring within secure reserves ranges from 3.15% to 23.52% (Table 15). However, given that the proposed development will not significantly reduce the pre-European extent of vegetation represented within the study area (i.e. will remain well above the 30% threshold within the bioregion), the reservation status is determined to be of least concern for biodiversity conservation.

73 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Table 15 Pre-European extent of vegetation represented on the basis of identified datasets.

Vegetation System / Association Pre-European Current Extent % Pre- Current Extent % Current Current Extent % Current Extent (ha) (ha) European in Class I-IV Extent in Class DBCA Managed Extent DBCA Extent Reserves (ha) I-IV Reserves Lands (ha) Managed Lands Remaining Beard Vegetation Association 18 Low woodland; mulga (Acacia anerua) 19,892,306 19,843,729 99.76 423,596 2.13 1,317,178 6.64 29 Sparse low woodland; mulga, 7,903,991 7,900,200 99.95 22,595 0.29 496,367 6.28 discontinuous in scattered groups 39 Shrublands; mulga scrub 6,613,567 6,602,578 99.83 479,206 7.26 795,127 12.04 125 Bare areas; salt lakes 3,485,785 3,146,487 90.27 188,445 5.99 265,739 8.45 204 Succulent steppe with open scrub; 199,475 198,735 99.63 - - 13,465 6.78 scattered mulga & Acacia sclerosperma over saltbush and bluebush 389 Succulent steppe with open low 642,356 640,468 99.71 2,058 0.32 22,954 3.58 woodland; mulga over saltbush Beard Vegetation System 18 Wiluna 4,308,335 4,290,594 99.59 45,238 1.05 409,513 9.54 29.1 Wiluna 779,382 779,187 99.98 - - 83,869 10.76 39.2 Wiluna 426,536 421,470 98.81 - - 26,265 6.23 125 Wiluna 73,029 72,824 99.72 - - 17,128 23.52 204.1 Upper Murchison 115,310 115,306 100.00 - - 4,858 4.21 389.1 Wiluna 57,513 57,496 99.97 - - 12,985 22.59 IBRA Region Murchison 18 12,403,172 12,363,252 99.68 45,093 0.36 614,964 4.97 Murchison 29 2,956,382 2,955,695 99.98 - - 93,019 3.15 Murchison 39 1,148,400 1,138,064 99.10 - - 40,834 3.59 Murchison 125 711,483 710,255 99.83 3,893 0.55 51,223 7.21 Murchison 204 185,601 184,861 99.60 - - 13,465 7.28

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Vegetation System / Association Pre-European Current Extent % Pre- Current Extent % Current Current Extent % Current Extent (ha) (ha) European in Class I-IV Extent in Class DBCA Managed Extent DBCA Extent Reserves (ha) I-IV Reserves Lands (ha) Managed Lands Remaining Murchison 389 493,977 492,089 99.62 2,058 0.42 22,954 4.66 IBRA Sub-Region Murchison (MUR01) Eastern Murchison 18 10,269,896 10,234,838 99.66 45,049 0.44 525,632 5.14 Murchison (MUR01) Eastern Murchison 29 796,235 796,026 99.97 - - 83,672 10.51 Murchison (MUR01) Eastern Murchison 39 711,328 701,934 98.68 - - 27,357 3.90 Murchison (MUR01) Eastern Murchison 125 701,136 699,919 99.83 3,893 0.56 50,494 7.21 Murchison (MUR01) Eastern Murchison 204 75,042 74,305 99.02 - - 8,607 11.58 Murchison (MUR01) Eastern Murchison 389 493,977 492,089 99.62 2,058 0.42 22,954 4.66 Local Government (Shire of Meekatharra) Shire of Meekatharra 18 3,117,900 3,111,264 99.79 81,336 2.61 345,648 11.11 Shire of Meekatharra 29 2,854,683 2,851,596 99.89 998 0.04 142,368 4.99 Shire of Meekatharra 39 1,367,518 1,365,793 99.87 55,523 4.07 78,743 5.77 Shire of Meekatharra 125 23,185 23,174 99.95 - - Shire of Meekatharra 204 67,757 67,754 100.00 - - 8,607 12.70 Shire of Meekatharra 389 18,873 18,873 100.00 - -

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3.10 Conservation Significance of Vegetation

3.10.1 National Significance

None of the 28 vegetation associations recorded from the study area support Threatened Flora listed under the EPBC Act or are aligned with any federal listed TECs. Therefore vegetation within the study area is not considered to be of national significance.

3.10.2 State Significance

None of the 28 vegetation associations recorded from the study area support Threatened Flora listed under the WC Act or are aligned with any state listed TECs or PECs. However, 11 vegetation associations supported seven Priority flora listed by the DBCA, and these associations may therefore be considered to be of state conservation significance. These associations were:

UH EmCd Open Shrubland of Eremophila macmillaniana over Low Open Shrubland of Calytrix desolata, Ptilotus obovatus and Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Aristida contorta with Scattered Low Trees of Acacia fuscaneura and Acacia aptaneura on orange brown sandy loam on undulating low hills SA Po Low Open Woodland of Acacia pteraneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over High Open Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum and Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella, Tripogon loliiformis and Aristida contorta on brown sandy clay loam on sandy plains SP AcAt Eg Low Woodland of Acacia aptaneura, Acacia aneura, Acacia fuscaneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) over High Shrubland of Acacia craspedocarpa, Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid), and Acacia tetragonophylla over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata, Sida ectogama and Rhagodia drummondii over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum and Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii over Open Tussock (to Tussock) Grassland of Aristida contorta, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella and Paspalidium clementii on brown clay loam on stony plains SP At Eg PoSl High Open Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla, Hakea preissii, Acacia pteraneura and Acacia synchronicia over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus and Solanum lasiophyllum on orange sandy clay loam on stony plains SP Eyy Shrubland (to Open Shrubland) of Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii and Hakea preissii over Very Open Herbs of Sclerolaena cuneata, Atriplex codonocarpa and Tribulus astrocarpus and Scattered Tall Shrubs of Hakea preissii, Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia fuscaneura on orange brown silty clay loam on stony plains HP AcAt Po Low Open Forest of Acacia aptaneura, Acacia caesaneura and Acacia pruinocarpa over High Open Shrubland of Acacia craspedocarpa and Acacia tetragonophylla over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus on brown clay loam on hardpan plains HP Mp Low Shrubland (to Low Open Shrubland) of Maireana pyramidata, Cratystylis subspinescens and Ptilotus obovatus over Open Tussock Grassland of Aristida contorta, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella and Tripogon loliiformis with Scattered Tall Shrubs of Hakea preissii, Acacia pteraneura and Acacia tetragonophylla on orange sandy loam on hardpan plain ME AiAaAf Low Open Forest of Acacia incurvaneura, Acacia aptaneura, Acacia fuscaneura and Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid) over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata, Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii and Acacia tetragonophylla over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Iseilema membranaceum, Dactyloctenium radulans and Aristida contorta on brown loamy sand on medium drainage lines CP Df Open Shrubland of Duma florulenta, Atriplex amnicola and Hakea preissii over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne falcata and Eragrostis pergracilis over Very Open Herbs of Marsilea hirsuta, Alternanthera nodiflora and Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & A. Kanis 8158) with Scattered Tall Shrubs of Hakea preissii, Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia fuscaneura on brown light clay on claypans

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CP Mh Herbs of Marsilea hirsuta, Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & A. Kanis 8158) and Goodenia berringbinensis with Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne flaccida and Very Open Sedges of Cyperus iria on brown medium clay on claypans SF Th Low Open Heath of Tecticornia halocnemoides over Very Open Tussock Grassland of Enneapogon caerulescens and Eragrostis dielsii on creamy orange loamy sand on saline flats

3.10.3 Local Significance

Five plant taxa receorded within the study area were considered to represent significant range extensions from the current known distributions. Vegetation supporting these taxa was determined to be of local conservation significance and included the following three vegetation associations:

SP At Eg PoSl High Open Shrubland of Acacia tetragonophylla, Hakea preissii, Acacia pteraneura and Acacia synchronicia over Open Shrubland of Eremophila galeata over Low Open Shrubland of Ptilotus obovatus and Solanum lasiophyllum on orange sandy clay loam on stony plains HP Mp Low Shrubland (to Low Open Shrubland) of Maireana pyramidata, Cratystylis subspinescens and Ptilotus obovatus over Open Tussock Grassland of Aristida contorta, Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella and Tripogon loliiformis with Scattered Tall Shrubs of Hakea preissii, Acacia pteraneura and Acacia tetragonophylla on orange sandy loam on hardpan plain CP Mh Herbs of Marsilea hirsuta, Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & A. Kanis 8158) and Goodenia berringbinensis with Open Tussock Grassland of Eriachne flaccida and Very Open Sedges of Cyperus iria on brown medium clay on claypans

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4.0 SUMMARY

A two season detailed flora and vegetation survey of Australian Vanadium’s Gabanintha tenements and surrounds was completed under good seasonal conditions in March/April 2017, and fair seasonal conditions in September 2017.

None of the plant taxa recorded from the study area were gazetted as Threatened Flora under the BC Act (state) or EPBC Act (federal). However, seven Priority flora taxa listed by the DBCA (state) were recorded from the study area including one Priority 1 taxon, three Priority 3 taxa, and three Priority 4 taxa. The total flora also included six plant taxa that were considered to represent significant range extensions from the current known distributions.

A total of four introduced species were recorded from the study area. None of these taxa are listed as Declared Pests under the BAM Act.

A total of 28 vegetation associations classified as 17 broad floristic formations and occurring on eleven broad landforms were described and mapped from the study area. None of the vegetation associations were aligned with federal or state listed TECs or state listed PECs, and all were well represented regionally.

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5.0 STUDY TEAM

The two season detailed flora and vegetation survey was planned, co-ordinated and executed by the following personnel: Onshore Environmental Consultants P/L ABN 41 095 837 120 PO Box 227 YALLINGUP WA 6282 pf 08 9756 6206 m0427 339 842 Email [email protected]

Project Staff Dr Darren Brearley PhD Project Manager and Principal Botanist Dr Jerome Bull PhD Principal Botanist Ms Jessica Waters BSc Senior Botanist Ms Breanne Menezies BSc Senior Environmental Advisor Mrs Kerry Keenan Data Analyst Mr Todd Griffin GIS Specialist

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6.0 REFERENCES

AECOM Australia (2014) Square Kilometre Array Ecological Assessment. Report prepared for the Department of Industry. ANRA (Australian Natural Resources Atlas) (2013) Retrieved on 28/02/2013 http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/rangelands/overview/wa/ibra-pil.html Aplin T.E.H. (1979) The Flora. Chapter 3 in O’Brien, B.J. (ed.) (1979). Environment and Science. University of Western Australia Press. Beard J. S. (1990) Plant Life of Western Australia. Kangaroo Press, Perth. Beard, J. S. (1976) Murchison. Explanatory Notes and Map Sheet 6, 1:1 000 000 series Vegetation Survey of Western Australia. University of Western Australia Press: Nedlands. Biologic Environmental Survey Pty Ltd (2015) Gabanintha Level 1 Flora Report, Yellow Rock Resources. Confidential report prepared for Yellow Rock Resources. Biota Environmental Sciences (2004) Yandi Expansion Vegetation and Flora Survey. Report prepared for Hamersley Iron Pty Ltd. Burbidge, N. T. (1959) Div. Plant Ind. Tech Paper 12. Notes on plants and plant habitats observed in the Abydos-Woodstock area, Pilbara District, CSIRO, Western Australia. Bureau of Meteorology (2017) Climate Statistics for Australian Locations: Meekatharra, http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_007151.shtml Cardno (2009) Proposed Infrastructure Sites, Weld Range, Declared Rare and Priority Flora Search. Report prepared for Sinosteel Midwest Management Pty Ltd. Cowen, M. (2001) Murchison 1 (MUR1 – East Murchison subregion). A Biodiversity Audit of Western Australia's 53 Biogeographical Subregions in 2002. CSIRO (2006) Australian Soil Resource Information System Website: http://www.asris.csiro.au /themes/Atlas.html#Atlas_Digital Curry P.J., Payne A.L., Leighton K.A., Hennig P. and Blood D.A. (1994) An inventory and condition survey of the Murchison River catchment, Western Australia, Department of Agriculture and Food. Department of Environment (DoE) (2013) Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia, Revision 7. Online at: http://www.environment. gov.au/parks/ nrs/science/bioregion-framework/ibra/ index.html#ibra Department of Environment (DoE) (2016) Interactive Environmental Database Reporting Tool Search. www.environment.gov.au Department of Environment and Heritage (2003) Australian Vegetation Attributes Manual, Version 6.0. Department of Natural Resources and Environment (2002) Biodiversity Action Planning. Action planning for native biodiversity at multiple scales; catchment bioregional, landscape, local. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria. Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) (2016a) Threatened and Priority Flora Database Search. Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) (2016b) List of Threatened Ecological Communities on the Department of Parks and Wildlife’s Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) Database endorsed by the Minister for the Environment. WA Threatened Species and Communities Unit, Department of Parks and Wildlife.

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Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) (2016c) Pilbara Biodiversity Survey 2002-2013. Department of Parks and Wildlife. Ecologia Environment (2010) Oakajee Port and Rail, OPR Rail Development, Vegetation and Flora Assessment. Report prepared for Oakajee Port and Rail. Elias M, Bunting JA and Wharton PH (1982) 1:250000 Geological Series: Glengarry, Western Australia, Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia. Environmental Protection Authority (2000) Environmental Protection of Native Vegetation in Western Australia: Clearing of Native Vegetation with Particular Reference to Agricultural Areas, Position Statement No. 2, EPA, Perth. Environmental Protection Authority (2016a) Technical Guidance Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment, EPA, Perth. Environmental Protection Authority (2016b) Environmental Factor Guideline Flora and Vegetation, EPA, Perth. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) and Department of Parks and Wildlife (2015) Technical Guide – Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment. Eds K Freeman, G Stack, S Thomas and N Woolfrey. GHD (2011) Main Roads Western Australia, Report for Goldfields Highway, SLK 737-748 Biological Survey. Report prepared for Main Roads Western Australia. GHD (2016) Main Roads Western Australia, Goldfield Highway Material Sources SLK 748 to 781 Biological Survey. Report prepared for Main Roads Western Australia. Hussey, B. M. J., Keighery, G. J., Cousens, R. D., Dodd, J. and Lloyd, S. G. (1997) Western Weeds. The Plant Protection Society of Western Australia and Agriculture Western Australia. Kensington, W.A. Hussey, B. M. J., Keighery, G. J., Cousens, R. D., Dodd, J. and Lloyd, S. G. (1997) Western Weeds. The Plant Protection Society of Western Australia and Agriculture Western Australia. Kensington, W.A. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (2016) Interactive Environmental Database Reporting Tool Search. www.iucnredlist.org Johnson, S.L (2004) Geology and Hydrology. In: Van Vreeswyk, A.M.E., Payne, A.L., Leighton, K.A and Hennig, P (Eds) An inventory and condition survey of the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Department of Agriculture, Western Australia. Keighery, B. J. (1994) Bushland Plant Survey: a Guide to Plant Community Survey for the Community. Wildflower Society of WA (Inc.), Nedlands, Western Australia. Markey and Dillon (2008) Flora and vegetation of the banded iron formation of the Yilgarn Craton: the Weld Range. Conservation Science Western Australia 7(1): 153-178. Markey and Dillon (2009) Flora and vegetation of the banded iron formations of the Yilgarn Craton: Herbert Lukin Ridge (Wiluna). Conservation Science Western Australia 7(2): 391-412. Mattiske Consulting (1996) Flora and Vegetation of Golden Grove Project, Murchison Zinc Company Pty Ltd, Yalgoo. Report Prepared for John Consulting Services. Onshore Environmental Consultant (2008b) Emu – Vivien Pipeline, Vivien, Vivien Gem, Turret North and Cinderella Projects, Flora and Vegetation Survey. Report prepared for Agnew Gold Mining Company. Onshore Environmental Consultants (2003a) Flora and Vegetation, Leinster – Wiluna Optic Fibre Cable Route. Report prepared for Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd.

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Onshore Environmental Consultants (2003a) Flora and Vegetation, Meekatharra – Wiluna Optic Fibre Cable Route. Report prepared for Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd. Onshore Environmental Consultants (2007) Oakover Gold Ltd Mt Magnet Tenement Targeted Significant Flora Survey. Report prepared for Oakover Gold Ltd. Onshore Environmental Consultants (2008a) Crusader, 450 South, Zone 2 and New Woman Projects, Flora and Vegetation Survey. Report prepared for Agnew Gold Mining Company. Payne A.L., van Vreeswyk A.M.E., Leighton K.A., Pringle H.J. and Hennig P. (1998) An inventory and condition survey of the Sandstone-Yalgoo-Paynes Find area, Western Australia, Department of Agriculture and Food. Shepherd et al. (2002) Shepherd, D.P., Beeston, G.R. and Hopkins A.J.M. Resource Management Technical Report 249, Native Vegetation in Western Australia: Extent, Type and Status. Prepared for the Government of Western Australia Department of Agriculture. Specht R.L. (1970) Vegetation. In The Australian Environment. 4th edn (Ed. G.W. Leeper). Melbourne. Tille, P. (2007) Resource Management Technical Report 313. Soil-Landscapes of Western Australia’s Rangelands and Arid Interior. Department of Agriculture and Food Government of Western Australia. Tingey RJ (1985) 1:250000 Geological Series: Sandstone, Western Australia, Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia. Trudgen, M.E. (2009) BHP Billiton Iron Ore – Vegetation classification system for utilisation in the Pilbara Bioregion. Professional advice provided to BHP Billiton Iron Ore. Tyler, I. M. and Williams, W. M. (1991) Newman, Western Australia. 1:250 000 Geological Series – Explanatory Notes, Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia. Western Botanical (2011) Yeelirrie Project, Flora and Vegetation Survey. Report prepared for URS Australia Pty Ltd.

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APPENDIX 1 Summary of results from previous flora and vegetation surveys within or in close proximity to the study area

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Report Survey Timing Vegetation Taxon Summary Significant Flora & Intensity Associations & Landform Biologic (2015) No quadrats 14 vegetation 39 taxa, 13 families, 21 genera No Threatened or Priority Flora recorded Gabanintha Level 1 Flora 1st – 2nd associations One weed species: *Rumex hypogaeus1 Report, Yellow Rock January 2015 (Doublegee) Resources Mattiske Consulting (1996) No quadrats 14 vegetation 204 taxa, 47 families, 119 genera No Threatened Flora Flora and Vegetation of 24th – 28th associations Eight weed species: *Cirsium vulgare (Spear One Priority Flora3: Grevillea globosa (P3) Golden Grove Project, October 1996 Thistle), *Hypochaeris glabra (Smooth Cats-ear), Murchison Zinc Company *Lolium rigidum (Wimmera Ryegrass), Pty Ltd *Pentameris airoides2 (False Hairgrass), *Raphanus raphanistrum (Wild Radish), *Rumex hypogaeus1 (Doublegee), *Sisymbrium orientale (Indian Hedge Mustard) and *Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle) Onshore Environmental No quadrats 20 vegetation 188 taxa, 33 families, 73 genera No Threatened Flora Consultants (2003a) Flora 15th – 19th associations Four weed species: *Citrullus lanatus (Pie Three Priority Flora4: Eremophila pungens (P4), and Vegetation, Leinster – September Melon), *Rumex vesicarius (Ruby Dock), *Sonchus Grevillea inconspicua (P4) and Hemigenia exilis Wiluna Optic Fibre Cable 2003 oleraceus (Common Sowthistle) and *Solanum (P4) Route nigrum (Black Berry Nightshade) Onshore Environmental No quadrats 11 vegetation Total recorded taxa not provied No Threatened Flora Consultants (2003b) Flora 8th – 10th associations Three weed species: *Citrullus lanatus (Pie One Priority Flora: Micromyrtus mucronulata5 and Vegetation, February 2003 Melon), *Solanum nigrum (Black Berry (P1) Meekatharra – Wiluna Nightshade) and *Sonchus oleraceus (Common Optic Fibre Cable Route Sowthistle)

1 Recorded as *Emex australis at the time of the survey 2 Recorded as *Pentaschistis airoides at the time of the survey 3 Prostanthera magnifica was recorded as a P4 species at the time of the survey, but is no longer listed as a Priority species 4 Baeckea sp. Melita Station (H. Pringle 2738), Calytrix erosipetala and Calytrix uncinate were recorded as P3 species, and Acacia balsamea as a P4 species at the time of the survey, but are no longer listed as a Priority species 5 Recorded as Micromyrtus racemosa var. mucronata at the time of the survey

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Report Survey Timing Vegetation Taxon Summary Significant Flora & Intensity Associations & Landform Biota Environmental 39 quadrats 20 vegetation 319 taxa, 53 families, 150 genera No Threatened Flora Sciences (2004) 30th August – associations 12 weed species6: *Argemone ochroleuca subsp. Two Priority Flora8: Sida sp. Barlee Range (S van Yandi Expansion 5th September ochroleuca (Mexican Poppy), *Bidens bipinnata Leeuwen 1642) (P3) and Themeda sp. Hamersley Vegetation and Flora 2004 (Bipinnate Beggarticks), *Cenchrus ciliaris Station (M.E. Trudgen 11431) (P3) Survey (Buffel Grass), *Conyza bonariensis (Flaxleaf Fleabane), *Cynodon dactylon (Couch), *Datura leichhardtii (Native Thornapple), *Malvastrum americanum (Spiked Malvastrum), *Rumex vesicarius7 (Ruby Dock), *Setaria verticillata (Whorled Pigeon Grass), *Sisymbrium irio (London Rocket), *Solanum nigrum (Black Berry Nightshade) and *Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle) Onshore Environmental No quadrats Four vegetation Total recorded taxa not provied No Threatened or Priority Flora recorded Consultants (2007) 21st – 24th associations No weed species recorded Oakover Gold Ltd Mt February 2007 Magnet Tenement Targeted Significant Flora Survey Onshore Environmental 73 quadrats 11 vegetation 138 taxa, 37 families, 59 genera No Threatened Flora Consultants (2008a) 27th March – 3rd associations Three weed species: *Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel Two Priority Flora: Hybanthus floribundus subsp. Proposed Pits at Crusader, April 2008 Grass), *Citrullus lanatus (Pie Melon) and chloroxanthus (P3) and Eremophila pungens (P4) 450 South, Zone 2 and *Hypochaeris glabra (Smooth Cats-ear) New Woman Projects, Flora and Vegetation Survey

6 *Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (Jersey Cudweed) was recorded as a weed at the time of the survey, this taxon is now known as Helichrysum luteoalbum and is not considered a weed 7 Recorded as *Acetosa vesicaria at the time of the survey 8 Olearia fluvialis was recorded as a P2 species, Abutilon trudgenii (now known as Abutilon sp. Pilbara (W.R. Barker 2025)) as a P3 species, and Goodenia stellate as a P4 species at the time of the survey, but are no longer listed as a Priority species

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Report Survey Timing Vegetation Taxon Summary Significant Flora & Intensity Associations & Landform Onshore Environmental 66 quadrats 12 vegetation 136 taxa, 31 families, 65 genera No Threatened Flora Consultant (2008b) 29th January – associations Two weed species: *Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel Four Priority Flora9: Hybanthus floribundus Emu – Vivien Pipeline, 5th February Grass) and *Citrullus lanatus (Pie Melon) subsp. chloroxanthus (P3), Thryptomene sp. Vivien, Vivien Gem, 2008 Leinster (B.J. Lepschi & L.A. Craven 4362) (P3), Turret North and Eremophila pungens (P4) and Grevillea Cinderella Projects, Flora inconspicua (P4) and Vegetation Survey Markey and Dillon (2008) 52 quadrats10 Eight vegetation 244 taxa, 50 families, 125 genera No Threatened Flora Flora and vegetation of August 2005 associations 10 weed species: *Cleretum papulosum subsp. Eight Priority Flora: Stenanthemum patens (P1), the banded iron papulosum, *Cucumis myriocarpus (Prickly Paddy Micromyrtus placoides (P3), Phyllanthus formations of the Yilgarn Melon), *Cuscuta epithymum (Lesser Dodder), baeckeoides (P3), Prostanthera ferricola (P3), Craton: the Weld Range *Hypochaeris glabra (Smooth Cats-ear), Prostanthera petrophila (P3), Sauropus sp. *Lysimachia arvensis11 (Pimpernel), *Pentameris Woolgorong (P3), Acacia speckii (P4) and airoides12 (False Hairgrass), *Rostraria pumila, Dodonaea amplisemina (P4) *Rumex vesicarius13 (Ruby Dock), *Sisymbrium erysimoides (Smooth Mustard) and *Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle) Markey and Dillon (2009) 50 quadrats14 Six vegetation 191 taxa, 36 families, 91 genera No Threatened Flora Flora and vegetation of August 2006 associations One weed species15: *Bidens bipinnata Six Priority Flora16: Beyeria lapidicola (P1), the banded iron (Bipinnate Beggartick) Eremophila congesta (P1), Homalocalyx formations of the Yilgarn echinulatus (P3), Olearia mucronata (P3), Craton: Herbert Lukin Ptilotus luteolus (P3)17 and Prostanthera Ridge (Wiluna) ferricola (P3)

9 Baeckea sp. Melita Station (H. Pringle 2738) and Calytrix erosipetala were recorded as P3 species at the time of the survey, but are no longer listed as a Priority species 10 Quadrats were 20m by 20m (not the standard 50m by 50m) 11 Recorded as *Anagallis arvensis var. caerulea at the time of the survey 12 Recorded as *Pentaschistis airoides at the time of the survey 13 Recorded as *Acetosa vesicaria at the time of the survey 14 Quadrats were 20m by 20m (not the standard 50m by 50m) 15 Portulaca oleracea was recorded as a weed at the time of the survey, this taxon is no longer considered a weed 16 Calytrix uncinate was recorded as a P3 species, and Acacia balsamea and Baeckea sp. Melita Station (H. Pringle 2738) as P4 species at the time of the survey, but are no longer listed as a Priority species 17 Recorded as Ptilotus astrolasius var. luteolus at the time of the survey

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Report Survey Timing Vegetation Taxon Summary Significant Flora & Intensity Associations & Landform Cardno (2009) No quadrats Not recorded Not recorded No Threatened Flora Proposed Infrastructure 5th – 13th March Eight Priority Flora18: Stenanthemum mediale Sites, Weld Range, 2009 (P1), Hemigenia tysonii (P3), Homalocalyx Declared Rare and Priority echinulatus (P3), Micromyrtus placoides (P3), Flora Search Prostanthera petrophila (P3), Acacia speckii (P4), Dodonaea amplisemina (P4) and Grevillea inconspicua (P4); additional Ptilotus beardii (P3) was also recorded approximately 100 m west of the area Ecologia Environment 614 quadrats 72 vegetation 1016 taxa, 84 families, 322 genera Two Threatened Flora, none of which were (2010) April and associations, 44 61 weed species, four19 of which are in the area recorded in the area closet to the study area Oakajee Port and Rail, August 2009 of which were in closest to the study area: *Bidens bipinnata 54 Priority Flora, of which 1222 were recorded OPR Rail Development, the Murchison (Bipinnate Beggartick), *Cenchrus setaceus20 from the north-eastern section of the area, Vegetation and Flora Targeted region (Fountain Grass), *Lysimachia arvensis21 closest to this study area: Euphorbia Assessment searches (Pimpernel) and *Urospermum picroides (False sarcostemmoides (P1), Hemigenia tysonii (P3), August and Hawkbit) Hemigenia virescens (P3), Petrophile pauciflora October 2009, (P3), Prostanthera petrophila (P3), Ptilotus and March beardii (P3), Sauropus sp. Woolgorong (M. 2010 Officer s.n. 10/8/94) (P3), Verticordia jamiesonii (P3), Acacia speckii (P4), Dodonaea amplisemina (P4), Goodenia berringbinensis (P4) and Grevillea inconspicua (P4)

18 Grevillea stenostachya was recorded as a P3 species at the time of the survey, but is no longer listed as a Priority species 19 Portulaca oleracea was recorded as a weed at the time of the survey, this taxon is no longer considered a weed 20 Recorded as *Pennisetum setaceum at the time of the survey 21 Recorded as *Anagallis arvensis at the time of the survey 22 Calytrix uncinata and Grevillea stenostachya were recorded as P3 species, Baeckea sp. Melita Station (H. Pringle 2738) as a P4 species at the time of the survey, but are no longer listed as a Priority species

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Report Survey Timing Vegetation Taxon Summary Significant Flora & Intensity Associations & Landform Western Botanical (2011) 182 quadrats, 52 vegetation 577 taxa, 62 families, 199 genera One Threatened Flora26: Atriplex yeelirrie Yeelirrie Project, Flora 180 relevés associations Ten weed species23: *Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel 10 Priority Flora27,28: Neurachne lanigera (P1), and Vegetation Survey December 2008 Grass), *Citrullus lanatus (Pie Melon), *Cuscuta Rhagodia sp. Yeelirrie Station (K.A. Shepherd et - December planiflora, *Erodium aureum, *Lysimachia al. KS 1396) (P1), Baeckea sp. Sandstone (C.A. 2010 (26 field arvensis (Pimpernel), *Opuntia sp. (a Cactus), Gardner s.n. 26 Oct. 1963) (P3), Bossiaea visits) *Rumex hypogaeus24 (Doublegee), *Rumex eremaea (P3), Eremophila arachnoides subsp. vesicarius25 (Ruby Dock), *Sonchus oleraceus arachnoides (P3), Euryomyrtus inflata (P3), (Common Sowthistle) and *Tribulus terrestris Sauropus sp. Woolgorong (M. Officer s.n. (Caltrop) 10/8/94)29 (P3), Thryptomene sp. Leinster (B.J. Lepschi & L.A. Craven 4362) (P3), Comesperma viscidulum (P4) and Olearia arida (P4) GHD (2011) No quadrats Eight vegetation 98 taxa, 24 families, 50 genera No Threatened or Priority Flora recorded Main Roads Western 8th – 11th associations Two weed species: *Citrullus lanatus (Pie Melon) Australia, Report for November 2010 and *Cyperus hamulosus Goldfields Highway, SLK 737-748 Biological Survey AECOM Australia (2014) 65 quadrats 15 vegetation 199 taxa, 36 families, 82 genera No Threatened Flora Square Kilometre Array September associations Four weed species: *Brassica tournefortii Six Priority Flora: Gunniopsis divisa (P3), Ecological Assessment 2014 (Mediterranean Turnip) *Erodium aureum, Hemigenia tysonii (P3), Ptilotus beardie (P3), *Lysimachia arvensis (Pimpernel), and *Sonchus Sauropus sp. Woolgorong (M. Officer s.n. oleraceus (Common Thistle) 10/8/94) (P3), Verticordia jamiesonii (P3) and Frankenia confuse (P4); additional Eremophila simulans subsp. megacalyx (P3) was previously recorded in the area

23 Portulaca oleracea was recorded as a weed at the time of the survey, this taxon is no longer considered a weed 24 Recorded as *Emex australis at the time of the survey 25 Recorded as *Acetosa vesicaria at the time of the survey 26 Recorded as the P1 species Atriplex sp. Yeelirrie Station (L. Trotter & A. Douglas LCH 25025) at the time of the survey 27 Atriplex sp. Yeelirrie Station (L. Trotter & A. Douglas LCH 25025) was recorded as a P1 species at the time of the survey, but is now known as Atriplex yeelirrie which is listed as a Threatened species 28 Calytrix erosipetala and Calytrix uncinata were recorded as P3 species at the time of the survey, but are no longer listed as a Priority species 29 Recorded as Sauropus ramosissimus at the time of the survey

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Report Survey Timing Vegetation Taxon Summary Significant Flora & Intensity Associations & Landform GHD (2016) 20 quadrats Nine vegetation 114 taxa, 24 families, 55 genera No Threatened or Priority Flora recorded Main Roads Western 9th – 12th associations One weed species: *Cenchrus Australia, Goldfield November 2015 ciliaris (Buffel Grass) Highway Material Sources SLK 748 to 781 Biological Survey

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APPENDIX 2 Vegetation condition scale (as developed by Keighery 1994)

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Condition Code Description

Pristine 1 Pristine or nearly so, no obvious signs of disturbance.

Vegetation structure intact, disturbance affecting individual species Excellent 2 and weeds are non-aggressive species.

Very Good 3 Vegetation structure altered; obvious signs of disturbance.

Vegetation structure significantly altered by very obvious signs of Good 4 multiple disturbances. Retains basic vegetation structure or ability to regenerate it.

Basic vegetation structure severely impacted by disturbance. Scope Degraded 5 for regeneration but not to a state approaching Very Good condition without intensive management.

Completely The structure of the vegetation is no longer intact and the area is 6 Degraded completely or almost completely without native species.

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APPENDIX 3 Column Fusion Dendrogram 84 quadrats by 273 plant taxa

92 Table1 Fusion Type: Flexible UPGMA Beta = -0.10 On Association: Bray & Curtis (Columns) Created on: 10:00:04, November 07, 2019 Column Fusion Dendrogram 0.2405 0.5462 0.8518 1.1575 1.4631

1 10 12 3 19 11 14 36 23 41 2 26 48 44 46 77 24 53 52 25 73 6 8 72 28 40 30 42 71 49 21 76 29 27 35 33 82 32 70 34 15 20 17 69 43 45 5 75 74 7 4 31 47 13 51 18 54 50 55 56 16 37 38 59 60 61 78 79 80 9 57 62 58 22 39 64 67 68 63 65 81 83 84 66

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APPENDIX 4 Vegetation classifications for the Pilbara based on Specht (1970), as modified by Aplin (1979) and Trudgen (2009)

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Canopy Cover Height Class 100 - 70% 70 - 30% 30 - 10% 10 - 2% < 2%

High Closed High Open High High Open Scattered Trees > 30 m Forest Forest Woodland Woodland Tall Trees Open Scattered Trees 10-30m Closed Forest Open Forest Woodland Woodland Trees Low Closed Low Open Low Low Open Scattered Trees < 10 m Woodland Forest Woodland Woodland Low Trees Closed Very Open Scattered Mallee Mallee Open Mallee Mallee Mallee Mallees High High Open Scattered Shrubs > 2 m Closed Scrub Open Scrub Shrubland Shrubland Tall Shrubs Open Scattered Shrubs 1-2 m Closed Heath Open Heath Shrubland Shrubland Shrubs Low Low Closed Low Open Low Low Open Shrubs < 1 m Scattered Heath Heath Shrubland Shrubland Shrubs Closed Open Very Open Scattered Hummock Hummock Hummock Hummock Hummock Hummock Grass Grassland Grassland Grassland Grassland Grass Closed Open Very Open Scattered Tussock Tussock Tussock Tussock Tussock Tussock Grass Grassland Grassland Grassland Grassland Grass Very Open Closed Bunch Bunch Open Bunch Scattered Bunch Grass Bunch Grassland Grassland Grassland Bunch Grass Grassland Closed Very Open Scattered Sedges Sedges Open Sedges Sedges Sedges Sedges Very Open Scattered Herbs Closed Herbs Herbs Open Herbs Herbs Herbs

Source: S. Van Leeuwen (DBCA)

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APPENDIX 5 Conservation categories for flora described under the EPBC Act

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Category Description Extinct A species is extinct if there is no reasonable doubt that the last member of the species has died. Extinct in the A species is categorised as extinct in the wild if it is only known to survive in Wild cultivations, in captivity, or as a naturalised population well outside its past range; or if it has not been recorded in its known/expected habitat, at appropriate seasons, anywhere in its past range, despite exhaustive surveys over a time frame appropriate to its life cycle and form. Critically The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild and in Endangered the immediate future. Endangered The species is likely to become extinct unless the circumstances and factors threatening its abundance, survival, or evolutionary development cease to operate; or its numbers have been reduced to such a critical level, or its habitats have been so drastically reduced, that it is in immediate danger of extinction. Vulnerable Within the next 25 years, the species is likely to become endangered unless the circumstances and factors threatening its abundance, survival or evolutionary development cease to operate. Conservation The species is the focus of a specific conservation program, the cessation of Dependent which would result in the species becoming vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered within a period of 5 years.

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APPENDIX 6 Conservation codes for Western Australian flora and fauna

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Specially protected fauna or flora are species* which have been adequately searched for and are deemed to be, in the wild, either rare, at risk of extinction, or otherwise in need of special protection, and have been gazetted as such. Categories of specially protected fauna and flora are: T Threatened Species Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, and listed under Schedules 1 to 4 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Threatened Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Threatened Flora (which may also be referred to as Declared Rare Flora). Threatened fauna is that subset of ‘Specially Protected Fauna’ declared to be ‘likely to become extinct’ pursuant to section 14(4) of the Wildlife Conservation Act. Threatened flora is flora that has been declared to be ‘likely to become extinct or is rare, or otherwise in need of special protection’, pursuant to section 23F(2) of the Wildlife Conservation Act. The assessment of the conservation status of these species is based on their national extent and ranked according to their level of threat using IUCN Red List categories and criteria as detailed below. CR Critically endangered species Threatened species considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Threatened Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Threatened Flora. EN Endangered species Threatened species considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 2 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Threatened Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Threatened Flora. VU Vulnerable species Threatened species considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 3 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Threatened Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Threatened Flora. EX Presumed extinct species Species which have been adequately searched for and there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 4 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Presumed Extinct Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Presumed Extinct Flora. IA Migratory birds protected under an international agreement Birds that are subject to an agreement between the government of Australia and the governments of Japan (JAMBA), China (CAMBA) and The Republic of Korea (ROKAMBA), and the Bonn Convention, relating to the protection of migratory birds. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 5 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice. CD Conservation dependent fauna Fauna of special conservation need being species dependent on ongoing conservation intervention to prevent it becoming eligible for listing as threatened. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 6 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice. OS Other specially protected fauna Fauna otherwise in need of special protection to ensure their conservation. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 7 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice.

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Priority Species Possibly threatened species that do not meet survey criteria, or are otherwise data deficient, are added to the Priority Fauna or Priority Flora Lists under Priorities 1, 2 or 3. These three categories are ranked in order of priority for survey and evaluation of conservation status so that consideration can be given to their declaration as threatened flora or fauna. Species that are adequately known, are rare but not threatened, or meet criteria for near threatened, or that have been recently removed from the threatened species or other specially protected fauna lists for other than taxonomic reasons, are placed in Priority 4. These species require regular monitoring. Assessment of Priority codes is based on the Western Australian distribution of the species, unless the distribution in WA is part of a contiguous population extending into adjacent States, as defined by the known spread of locations. 1: Priority One - Poorly Known Taxa Species that are known from one or a few locations (generally five or less) which are potentially at risk. All occurrences are either: very small; or on lands not managed for conservation, e.g. agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, road and rail reserves, gravel reserves and active mineral leases; or otherwise under threat of habitat destruction or degradation. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes. Such species are in urgent need of further survey. 2: Priority Two - Poorly Known Taxa Species that are known from one or a few collections (generally five or less), some of which are on lands managed primarily for nature conservation, e.g. national parks, conservation parks, nature reserves and other lands with secure tenure being managed for conservation. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under threat from known threatening processes. Such species are in urgent need of further survey. 3: Priority Three - Poorly Known Taxa Species that are known from collections or sight records from several localities not under imminent threat, or from few but widespread localities with either large population size or significant remaining areas of apparently suitable habitat, much of it not under imminent threat. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from several localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and known threatening processes exist that could affect them. Such species are in need of further survey. 4: Priority Four - Rare, Near Threatened and other taxa in need of monitoring (a) Rare. Species that are considered to have been adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is available, and that are considered not currently threatened or in need of special protection, but could be if present circumstances change. These taxa are usually represented on conservation lands. (b) Near Threatened. Species that are considered to have been adequately surveyed and that do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but that are close to qualifying for Vulnerable. (c) Species that have been removed from the list of threatened species during the past five years for reasons other than taxonomy.

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APPENDIX 7 Total flora list from the study area

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FAMILY GENUS SPECIES INF_RANK INF_NAME Aizoaceae Gunniopsis quadrifida Aizoaceae Trianthema glossostigma Aizoaceae Trianthema oxycalyptrum Aizoaceae Trianthema triquetrum Amaranthaceae Alternanthera angustifolia Amaranthaceae Alternanthera nodiflora Amaranthaceae Ptilotus aervoides Amaranthaceae Ptilotus divaricatus Amaranthaceae Ptilotus gomphrenoides Amaranthaceae Ptilotus helipteroides Amaranthaceae Ptilotus lazaridis Amaranthaceae Ptilotus luteolus Amaranthaceae Ptilotus macrocephalus Amaranthaceae Ptilotus nobilis Amaranthaceae Ptilotus obovatus Amaranthaceae Ptilotus polystachyus Amaranthaceae Ptilotus roei Amaranthaceae Ptilotus rotundifolius Amaranthaceae Ptilotus schwartzii Amaranthaceae Ptilotus sp. indet Apocynaceae Marsdenia australis Apocynaceae Rhyncharrhena linearis Asteraceae Angianthus Asteraceae Bidens bipinnata Asteraceae Brachyscome ciliaris Asteraceae Brachyscome sp. indet Asteraceae Centipeda crateriformis Asteraceae Centipeda thespedioides Asteraceae Cratystylis subspinescens Asteraceae Gnephosis brevifolia Asteraceae Gnephosis tenuissima Boraginaceae Heliotropium curassavicum

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FAMILY GENUS SPECIES INF_RANK INF_NAME Boraginaceae Heliotropium inexplicitum Brassicaceae Stenopetalum sp. indet Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia tumidifructa Chenopodiaceae Atriplex amnicola Chenopodiaceae Atriplex bunburyana Chenopodiaceae Atriplex codonocarpa Chenopodiaceae Atriplex holocarpa Chenopodiaceae Atriplex semilunaris Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium gaudichaudianum Chenopodiaceae Dissocarpus paradoxus Chenopodiaceae Dysphania glandulosa Chenopodiaceae Dysphania glomulifera subsp. eremaea Chenopodiaceae Dysphania kalpari Chenopodiaceae Dysphania melanocarpa Chenopodiaceae Dysphania sp. indet Chenopodiaceae Enchyleana tomentosa Chenopodiaceae Maireana amoena Chenopodiaceae Maireana carnosa Chenopodiaceae Maireana convexa Chenopodiaceae Maireana georgei Chenopodiaceae Maireana melanocoma Chenopodiaceae Maireana planifolia Chenopodiaceae Maireana pyramidata Chenopodiaceae Maireana thesioides Chenopodiaceae Maireana tomentosa Chenopodiaceae Maireana triptera Chenopodiaceae Maireana villosa Chenopodiaceae Maireana sp. indet Chenopodiaceae Rhagodia drummondii Chenopodiaceae Rhagodia eremaea Chenopodiaceae Salsola australis Chenopodiaceae Sclerolaena burbidgeae

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FAMILY GENUS SPECIES INF_RANK INF_NAME Chenopodiaceae Sclerolaena cuneata Chenopodiaceae Sclerolaena densiflora Chenopodiaceae Sclerolaena diacantha Chenopodiaceae Sclerolaena eriacantha Chenopodiaceae Sclerolaena eurotioides Chenopodiaceae Sclerolaena sp. indet Chenopodiaceae Tecticornia disarticulata Chenopodiaceae Tecticornia halocnemoides Chenopodiaceae Tecticornia indica Convolvulaceae Convolvulus clementii Convolvulaceae Cressa australis Convolvulaceae Cuscuta planiflora Convolvulaceae Dentella minutissima Convolvulaceae Duperreya commixta Cucurbitaceae Citrullus colocynthis Cyperaceae Bulbostylis barbata Cyperaceae Bulbostylis turbinata Cyperaceae Cyperus iria Cyperaceae Eleocharis pallens Cyperaceae Eleocharis pusilla Cyperaceae Fimbristylis dichotoma Cyperaceae Fimbristylis iria Cyperaceae Isolepis congrua Cyperaceae Lipocarpha microcephala Cyperaceae Schoenoplectiella dissachantha Elatinaceae Bergia perennis subsp. exigua Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia australis Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia boophthona Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia ferdinandi var. ferdinandi Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cf. multifaria Fabaceae Acacia aneura

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FAMILY GENUS SPECIES INF_RANK INF_NAME Fabaceae Acacia aptaneura Fabaceae Acacia aptaneura (hybrid) Fabaceae Acacia burkittii Fabaceae Acacia caesaneura Fabaceae Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) Fabaceae Acacia craspedocarpa Fabaceae Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid) Fabaceae Acacia fuscaneura Fabaceae Acacia grasbyi Fabaceae Acacia incurvaneura Fabaceae Acacia macraneura Fabaceae Acacia mulganeura Fabaceae Acacia pruinocarpa Fabaceae Acacia pteraneura Fabaceae Acacia quadrimarginea Fabaceae Acacia ramulosa var. linophylla Fabaceae Acacia rhodophloia Fabaceae Acacia sclerosperma subsp. sclerosperma Fabaceae Acacia sibirica Fabaceae Acacia speckii Fabaceae Acacia synchronicia Fabaceae Acacia tetragonophylla Fabaceae Acacia cf. sp. Peak Hill (R. Gibson 0003) Fabaceae Cullen cinereum Fabaceae Cullen cf. graveolens Fabaceae Glycine canescens Fabaceae Indigofera chamaeclada subsp. chamaeclada Fabaceae Indigofera monophylla Fabaceae Senna artemisioides subsp. filifolia Fabaceae Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii Fabaceae Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii x oligophylla Fabaceae Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii x sturtii

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FAMILY GENUS SPECIES INF_RANK INF_NAME Fabaceae Senna artemisioides subsp. oligophylla Fabaceae Senna artemisioides subsp. petiolaris Fabaceae Senna artemisioides subsp. x sturtii Fabaceae Senna charlesiana Fabaceae Senna glaucifolia Fabaceae Senna glutinosa subsp. chatelainiana Fabaceae Senna glutinosa subsp. x luerssenii Fabaceae Senna sp. Meekatharra (E. Bailey 1‐26) Fabaceae Swainsona sp. indet Frankeniaceae Frankenia setosa Geraniaceae Erodium cygnorum Goodeniaceae Goodenia berringbinensis Goodeniaceae Goodenia cf. triodiophila Goodeniaceae Goodenia sp. indet Goodeniaceae Scaevola spinescens Lamiaceae Spartothamnella teucriiflora Loranthaceae Amyema miquelii Loranthaceae Amyema nestor Loranthaceae Amyema preissii Loranthaceae Lysiana murrayi Malvaceae Abutilon cryptopetalum Malvaceae Abutilon fraseri Malvaceae Abutilon malvifolium Malvaceae Abutilon otocarpum Malvaceae Abutilon oxycarpum subsp. Prostrate (A.A. Mitchell PRP 1266) Malvaceae Abutilon sp. indet Malvaceae Hibiscus burtonii Malvaceae Hibiscus goldsworthii Malvaceae Hibiscus krichaufianus Malvaceae Hibiscus verdcourtii Malvaceae Hibiscus sp. indet Malvaceae Lawrencia densiflora

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FAMILY GENUS SPECIES INF_RANK INF_NAME Malvaceae Sida calyxhymenia Malvaceae Sida ectogama Malvaceae Sida intricata Malvaceae Sida trichopoda Malvaceae Sida sp. dark green fruits (S. van Leeuwen 2260) Malvaceae Sida sp. Golden calyces glabrous (H.N. Foote 32) Malvaceae Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) Marsileaceae Marsilea costulifera Marsileaceae Marsilea hirsuta Montiaceae Calandrinia ptychosperma Montiaceae Calandrinia pumila Montiaceae Calandrinia spathulata Montiaceae Calandrinia sp. indet Myrtaceae Calytrix desolata Myrtaceae Melaleuca stereophloia Myrtaceae Melaleuca xerophila Myrtaceae Thryptomene decussata Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia burbidgeana Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia coccinea Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia repleta Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia sp. indet Pedaliaceae Josephinia eugeniae Phrymaceae Elacholoma hornii Phrymaceae Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & A. Kanis 8158) Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus erwinii Pittosporaceae Pittosporum angustifolium Poaceae Aristida contorta Poaceae Austrostipa sp. indet Poaceae Cymbopogon ambiguus Poaceae Cynodon prostratus Poaceae Dactyloctenium radulans Poaceae Dichanthium sericeum subsp. humilius

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FAMILY GENUS SPECIES INF_RANK INF_NAME Poaceae Digitaria brownii Poaceae Enneapogon caerulescens Poaceae Enneapogon polyphyllus Poaceae Enteropogon ramosus Poaceae Eragrostis australasica Poaceae Eragrostis desertorum Poaceae Eragrostis dielsii Poaceae Eragrostis eriopoda Poaceae Eragrostis falcata Poaceae Eragrostis kennedyae Poaceae Eragrostis leptocarpa Poaceae Eragrostis pergracilis Poaceae Eragrostis setifolia Poaceae Eragrostis cf. xerophila Poaceae Eriachne falcata Poaceae Eriachne flaccida Poaceae Eriachne helmsii Poaceae Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella Poaceae Eriochloa procera Poaceae Iseilema membranaceum Poaceae Diplachne fusca subsp. muelleri Poaceae Monachather paradoxus Poaceae Paspalidium clementii Poaceae Sporobolus actinocladus Poaceae Tragus australiensis Poaceae Tripogon loliiformis Poaceae Yakirra australiensis Polygonaceae Duma florulenta Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea Primulaceae Lysimachia arvensis Proteaceae Grevillea nematophylla subsp. supraplana Proteaceae Grevillea striata

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FAMILY GENUS SPECIES INF_RANK INF_NAME Proteaceae Hakea lorea subsp. lorea Proteaceae Hakea preissii Pteridaceae Cheilanthes brownii Pteridaceae Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. seiberi Rubiaceae Psydrax latifolia Rubiaceae Psydrax rigidula Rubiaceae Psydrax suaveolens Rubiaceae Pysdrax rigidula Rubiaceae Synaptantha tillaeacea var. tillaeacea Santalaceae Exocarpos aphyllus Santalaceae Santalum lanceolatum Santalaceae Santalum spicatum Sapindaceae Dodonaea adenophora Sapindaceae Dodonaea amplisemina Scrophulariaceae Eremophila eriocalyx Scrophulariaceae Eremophila exilifolia Scrophulariaceae Eremophila flabellata Scrophulariaceae Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii Scrophulariaceae Eremophila galeata Scrophulariaceae Eremophila glabra subsp. brevifolia Scrophulariaceae Eremophila glabra subsp. glabra Scrophulariaceae Eremophila glutinosa Scrophulariaceae Eremophila jucunda subsp. jucunda Scrophulariaceae Eremophila lachnocalyx Scrophulariaceae Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei Scrophulariaceae Eremophila linearis Scrophulariaceae Eremophila longifolia Scrophulariaceae Eremophila macmillaniana Scrophulariaceae Eremophila maculata subsp. brevifolia Scrophulariaceae Eremophila malacoides Scrophulariaceae Eremophila platycalyx subsp. platycalyx Scrophulariaceae Eremophila simulans subsp. lapindensis

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FAMILY GENUS SPECIES INF_RANK INF_NAME Scrophulariaceae Eremophila spathulata Scrophulariaceae Eremophila spuria Scrophulariaceae Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii Scrophulariaceae Eremophila cf. clarkei Solanaceae Lycium australe Solanaceae Nicotiana heterantha Solanaceae Nicotiana rotundifolia Solanaceae Solanum cleistogamum Solanaceae Solanum ferocissimum Solanaceae Solanum lasiophyllum Solanaceae Solanum nummularium Zygophyllaceae Tribulus astrocarpus Zygophyllaceae Tribulus macrocarpus Zygophyllaceae Tribulus occidentalis Zygophyllaceae Tribulus suberosus Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris Zygophyllaceae Tribulus sp. indet

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APPENDIX 8 Records for significant flora recorded from the study area

111 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Easting Northing Genus Species Significance No. Plants 662880.8928 7019459.596 Abutilon malvifolium Range extension 663355.884 7019837.542 Acacia speckii Priority 4 663358.9719 7019566.032 Acacia speckii Priority 4 663272.1515 7019762.915 Acacia speckii Priority 4 3 663239.0045 7019759.653 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663156.1378 7019878.922 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663151.6288 7019914.068 Acacia speckii Priority 4 3 663170.0254 7019928.603 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663192.092 7019970.791 Acacia speckii Priority 4 3 663287.7704 7020072.963 Acacia speckii Priority 4 3 663456.744 7019956.266 Acacia speckii Priority 4 2 663464.5381 7019919.23 Acacia speckii Priority 4 2 663515.3372 7019879.787 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663531.5021 7019850.029 Acacia speckii Priority 4 9 663577.8891 7019853.118 Acacia speckii Priority 4 4 663586.8616 7019906.556 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663553.9066 7019918.066 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663572.5202 7019949.218 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 662816.4846 7019981.209 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 662821.7608 7020005.148 Acacia speckii Priority 4 2 662844.0658 7020065.801 Acacia speckii Priority 4 2 662847.9984 7020113.765 Acacia speckii Priority 4 6 662873.1586 7020139.293 Acacia speckii Priority 4 5 662891.9623 7020185.217 Acacia speckii Priority 4 4 662905.6575 7020220.127 Acacia speckii Priority 4 3 663700.1993 7019585.592 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663546.5556 7019607.91 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663551.2558 7019587.535 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663542.452 7019547.021 Acacia speckii Priority 4 2 663488.8692 7019499.704 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663439.0775 7019489.272 Acacia speckii Priority 4 2 663405.835 7019478.625 Acacia speckii Priority 4 4 663369.2587 7019466.174 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663304.6212 7019459.629 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663584.937 7019758.842 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663590.359 7019793.859 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 664003.6249 7019878.956 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1

112 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Easting Northing Genus Species Significance No. Plants 663996.2091 7019818.11 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 664016.7534 7019996.976 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 664015.2914 7020011.769 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663999.0309 7020034.142 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 664034.2974 7019819.459 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 664055.6813 7019682.521 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663612.7473 7019479.622 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663645.2016 7019556.762 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663696.4801 7019554.246 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663647.386 7019597.362 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663686.7013 7019692.879 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663679.0044 7019737.301 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663523.295 7019728.251 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663430.3055 7019705.455 Acacia speckii Priority 4 5 663254 7019922 Acacia speckii Priority 4 21 663228 7019944 Acacia speckii Priority 4 3 663261 7019957 Acacia speckii Priority 4 3 663284 7019957 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663307 7019953 Acacia speckii Priority 4 2 663324 7019954 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663326 7020005 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663351 7020016 Acacia speckii Priority 4 2 663373 7020028 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663366 7020054 Acacia speckii Priority 4 2 663339 7020056 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663334 7020062 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663330 7020086 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663396 7020043 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663428 7019967 Acacia speckii Priority 4 2 663438 7019945 Acacia speckii Priority 4 2 663407 7019880 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663435 7019854 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663356 7020306 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663435 7020159 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663389 7020142 Acacia speckii Priority 4 4 663708 7019605 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663700 7019554 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1

113 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Easting Northing Genus Species Significance No. Plants 663549 7019674 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663431 7019635 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663419 7019594 Acacia speckii Priority 4 3 663404 7019585 Acacia speckii Priority 4 2 663400 7019574 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663349 7019540 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663590 7019838 Acacia speckii Priority 4 4 663576 7019863 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 664033 7019943 Acacia speckii Priority 4 6 663699 7019565 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663699 7019583 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663706 7019607 Acacia speckii Priority 4 1 663267 7019904 Acacia speckii Priority 4 3 663358.9719 7019566.032 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 663728.8695 7019753.272 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 663239.0045 7019759.653 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 25 663180.6983 7019858.288 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663151.6288 7019914.068 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 11 663170.0254 7019928.603 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 6 663192.092 7019970.791 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 19 663218.7877 7019987.064 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 4 663287.7704 7020072.963 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 5 663456.744 7019956.266 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 9 663531.5021 7019850.029 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 14 663577.8891 7019853.118 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 18 663586.8616 7019906.556 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 6 663553.9066 7019918.066 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 5 663572.5202 7019949.218 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 9 663092.4097 7020069.963 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 3 663551.2558 7019587.535 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 10 663547.6813 7019567.267 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 4 663488.8692 7019499.704 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 2 663439.0775 7019489.272 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 6 663405.835 7019478.625 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 3 663346.0179 7019460.936 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 6 663518.0851 7019582.427 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 6 663546.8202 7019628.221 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1

114 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Easting Northing Genus Species Significance No. Plants 663622.0437 7019811.914 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 14 665338.5419 7018053.467 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 3 665337.2278 7018079.339 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 8 663655.5644 7019589.868 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663647.386 7019597.362 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 12 663621.0275 7019606.939 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 65 663609.5874 7019618.169 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 16 663700.8317 7019761.024 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 4 663701.0965 7019781.335 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663399.2702 7019737.253 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 15 663254 7019922 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 20 663228 7019944 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 32 663261 7019957 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 8 663307 7019953 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 2 663324 7019954 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 2 663351 7020016 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 7 663438 7019945 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 7 663420 7019853 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663685 7019566 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663671 7019573 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 3 663651 7019598 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 8 663621 7019607 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 12 663601 7019612 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 6 663498 7019692 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663461 7019677 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 17 663455 7019670 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 7 663431 7019635 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 14 663426 7019619 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663419 7019603 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 6 663404 7019585 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 2 663400 7019574 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 10 663379 7019546 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 4 663348 7019526 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663465 7019600 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 9 663528 7019649 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663567 7019790 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 7 663590 7019838 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 5

115 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Easting Northing Genus Species Significance No. Plants 663576 7019863 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 12 663669 7019571 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663676 7019567 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663672 7019610 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663669 7019602 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663684 7019793 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663703 7019805 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663695 7019817 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 4 663381 7019767 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 2 663313 7019790 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 1 663267 7019904 Dodonaea amplisemina Priority 4 13 669260 7007051 Goodenia berringbinensis Priority 4 >500 669295.4871 7007023.242 Goodenia berringbinensis Priority 4 671632.3229 7009933.362 Hibiscus krichaufianus Priority 3 668870.8907 7008397.482 Hibiscus krichaufianus Priority 3 5 669444 7008837 Hibiscus krichaufianus Priority 3 13 657356 7019527 Hibiscus krichaufianus Priority 3 4 660551.4287 7011015.021 Hibiscus krichaufianus Priority 3 662880.8928 7019459.596 Hibiscus verdcourtii Range extension 669295.4871 7007023.242 Lipocarpha microcephala Range extension 662452.1036 7019963.771 Marsilea costulifera Range extension 665659.3442 7007530.011 Nicotiana heterantha Priority 1 9 664334.3938 7008254.829 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 15 664252.1831 7008290.998 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 4 664243.5762 7008265.257 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 2 664253.3755 7008255.894 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 15 664256.5853 7008248.465 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 15 664199.9804 7008219.661 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 15 664169.6281 7008426.898 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 3 664064.0734 7008448.599 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 2 664079.2454 7008470.561 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 3 663978.2261 7008711.967 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 663891.3729 7008646.623 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 663912.8198 7008642.648 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 663832.1621 7008671.407 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 5 663837.5097 7008700.885 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 4 664497.0349 7008675.599 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 5

116 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Easting Northing Genus Species Significance No. Plants 664515.3691 7008686.439 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 7 664522.299 7008710.355 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 5 667482.6364 7007849.2 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 667482.6364 7007849.2 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 667513.046 7008020.545 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 5 667513.046 7008020.545 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 5 664300 7008171 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 30 664300 7008171 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 664321 7008175 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 30 664360 7008034 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 12 664235 7008065 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 664166 7008546 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 664151 7008480 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 2 664126 7008419 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 7 664114 7008418 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 664070 7008388 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 667444 7008007 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 8 667444 7008007 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 8 667414 7007993 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 3 667414 7007993 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 3 667371 7007926 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 16 667371 7007926 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 10 667351 7007897 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 5 667351 7007897 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 5 667611 7007556 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 667611 7007556 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 667614 7007577 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 667614 7007577 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 667589 7007595 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 2 667589 7007595 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 2 667579 7007616 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 2 667579 7007616 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 2 668544 7006845 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 7 668519 7006812 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 30 668692 7006980 Ptilotus lazaridis Priority 3 1 663358.9719 7019566.032 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 663272.1515 7019762.915 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 8

117 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Easting Northing Genus Species Significance No. Plants 663239.0045 7019759.653 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 15 663218.7877 7019987.064 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 35 663287.7704 7020072.963 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 8 663456.744 7019956.266 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 10 663464.5381 7019919.23 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 20 663515.3372 7019879.787 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 15 663531.5021 7019850.029 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 19 663577.8891 7019853.118 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 15 663553.9066 7019918.066 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 11 663572.5202 7019949.218 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 4 663609.8039 7019634.787 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 10 663599.9706 7019642.302 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 12 663583.5896 7019655.442 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 15 663700.1993 7019585.592 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 15 663700.1993 7019585.592 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 13 663568.1419 7019613.169 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 30 663551.2558 7019587.535 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 50 663542.452 7019547.021 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 8 663528.7556 7019512.112 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 5 663488.8692 7019499.704 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 7 663518.0851 7019582.427 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 53 663546.8202 7019628.221 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 24 663622.0437 7019811.914 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 2 663655.5644 7019589.868 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 2 663647.386 7019597.362 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 15 663621.0275 7019606.939 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 15 663609.5874 7019618.169 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 45 663641.368 7019643.609 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 3 663661.4739 7019789.239 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 30 663399.2702 7019737.253 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 24 663259 7019915 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 1 663254 7019922 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 2 663326 7020005 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 14 663351 7020016 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 6 663366 7020029 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 17 663366 7020059 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 42 663339 7020056 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 12

118 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Easting Northing Genus Species Significance No. Plants 663384 7020069 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 5 663438 7019945 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 5 663407 7019880 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 12 663435 7019854 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 6 663443 7019826 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 4 663689 7019553 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 1 663675 7019571 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 8 663651 7019598 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 12 663621 7019607 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 50 663602 7019641 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 50 663601 7019612 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 4 663585 7019654 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 30 663549 7019674 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 1 663521 7019680 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 9 663455 7019670 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 4 663443 7019652 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 5 663431 7019635 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 6 663426 7019619 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 1 663404 7019585 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 1 663465 7019600 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 15 663508 7019623 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 15 663528 7019649 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 2 663567 7019790 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 7 663590 7019838 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 10 663576 7019863 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 3 664002 7019913 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 1 663669 7019571 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 2 663680 7019563 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 1 663313 7019790 Ptilotus luteolus Priority 3 7 662880.8928 7019459.596 Sida trichopoda Range extension

119 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

APPENDIX 9 Records for introduced species recorded from the study area

120 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

Easting Northing Genus Species No. Plants % Cover Height (m) 663623.506 7014849.696 Bidens bipinnata 40 <1 0.5 662804.1986 7016993.356 Bidens bipinnata 20 <1 0.2 663706 7017816 Bidens bipinnata 200 <1 0.3 663663.1288 7019789.217 Citrullus colocynthis 1 <1 0.5 663661.4739 7019789.239 Citrullus colycynthis 1 <1 0.5 662900.9082 7017431.623 Lysimachia arvensis 4 <1 0.1 665081 7009061 Tribulus terrestris 1 <1 0.1 662124 7008912 Tribulus terrestris 1 <1 0.1 668839.0749 7007022.034 Tribulus terrestris 1 <1 0.1

121 Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

APPENDIX 10 Species by site matrix for the study area

122 SPECIES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Abutilon cryptopetalum * * * * * * * * * * Abutilon fraseri * * Abutilon malvifolium * Abutilon otocarpum * * * * * * * * * * Abutilon oxycarpum subsp. Prostrate (A.A. Mitchell PRP 1266) * * Abutilon sp. indet * Acacia ?caesaneura x incurvaneura * * * * Acacia ?caesaneura x mulganeura * Acacia aneura * * * * * * Acacia aptaneura * * * * * * * * * * * Acacia aptaneura (hybrid) * Acacia burkittii * Acacia caesaneura * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) * * * * * * * * * * * * * Acacia craspedocarpa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Acacia fuscaneura * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Acacia grasbyi * * * * * * * * Acacia incurvaneura * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Acacia macraneura * Acacia mulganeura * Acacia pruinocarpa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Acacia pteraneura * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Acacia quadrimarginea * * * * Acacia ramulosa var. linophylla * * Acacia ramulosa var. ramulosa * Acacia rhodophloia * * Acacia sclerosperma subsp. sclerosperma * * * Acacia sibirica * * Acacia speckii * * Acacia synchronicia * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Acacia tetragonophylla * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Acacia cf. masliniana * * Alternanthera angustifolia * Alternanthera denticulata * Alternanthera nodiflora * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Amyema miquelii * Amyema nestor * Amyema preissii * Aristida contorta * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Atriplex amnicola * * * * * Atriplex bunburyana * * Atriplex codonocarpa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Atriplex holocarpa * Atriplex semilunaris * * * * * * * * Austrostipa sp. indet * * * * * Bergia perennis subsp. exigua * * * * Bidens bipinnata * * Boerhavia burbidgeana * * * * * * * * * Boerhavia coccinea * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Boerhavia repleta * * * * * * * * * * * * Boerhavia sp. indet * * * * * * * * * * Brachyscome ciliaris * * * * Bulbostylis barbata * * * * * * Bulbostylis turbinata * Calandrinia creethiae * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Calandrinia ptychosperma * * * Calandrinia pumila * * * Calandrinia schistorhiza * Calandrinia sp. indet * * * * Calytrix desolata * * Centipeda thespedioides * * * * * * * * * * Cheilanthes brownii * Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. seiberi * * * * * * Chenopodium gaudichaudianum * * * Convolvulus clementii * * * * Cratystylis subspinescens * * * * * * * * * Cressa australis * Cullen cinereum * * Cullen cf. graveolans * Cuscuta planiflora * * * * Cymbopogon ambiguus * * Cynodon prostratus * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Cyperus iria * * * * * * * * * * Dactyloctenium radulans * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Dichanthium sericeum subsp. humilius * * * Digitaria brownii * * * * * * * * * * * Diplachne fusca * * * * * * Dissocarpus paradoxus * * * * * * * * Dodonaea adenophora * Dodonaea amplisemina * Duma florulenta * * * * Duperreya commixta * * * * * Dysphania glandulosa * Dysphania glomulifera subsp. eremaea * * Dysphania kalpari * * * * * Dysphania melanocarpa * * * * * * * Dysphania rhadinostachya * Dysphania sp. indet * * Eleocharis pallens * * * Eleocharis pusilla * * Enchyleana tomentosa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Enneapogon caerulescens * * * * * * * * * * * * * Enneapogon polyphyllus * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Enteropogon ramosus * * * * * Eragrostis australasica * Eragrostis desertorum * Eragrostis dielsii * * * * * Eragrostis eriopoda * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Eragrostis falcata * * * * Eragrostis kennedyae * * * Eragrostis leptocarpa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Eragrostis pergracilis * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Eragrostis setifolia * * * Eragrostis cf. xerophila * Eremophila eriocalyx * * Eremophila exilifolia * * * * * * Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Eremophila galeata * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Eremophila georgei * * Eremophila glabra subsp. brevifolia * Eremophila glabra subsp. glabra * * * * Eremophila glabra subsp. inland salt lakes * Eremophila glutinosa * * * * * Eremophila jucunda subsp. jucunda * * * * * * * Eremophila lachnocalyx * * * * * Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei * * * * * * * * * * * * * Eremophila linearis * * * * Eremophila longifolia * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Eremophila macmillaniana * * * * Eremophila maculata subsp. brevifolia * * * * * Eremophila malacoides * * Eremophila platycalyx subsp. platycalyx * * * * * * * * * Eremophila simulans subsp. simulans * * * * * * * Eremophila spathulata * * * * * * Eremophila spuria * * * * * * * Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii * * * * * * * * * Eriachne falcata * * * Eriachne flaccida * * * * * * * * Eriachne helmsii * * * * * * Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Eriochloa procera * Erodium cygnorum * Euphorbia boophthona * Euphorbia ferdinandi var. ferdinandi * * Euphorbia porcata * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Euphorbia tannensis subsp eremophila * * * * SPECIES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Exocarpos aphyllus * * * * * * * * Fimbristylis dichotoma * * * Fimbristylis iria * Frankenia laxiflora * Frankenia setosa * * * * * * * Glycine canescens * * * * * * Gnephosis brevifolia * * * * * * * * * * * * Gnephosis tenuissima * * * Goodenia berringbinensis * * * Goodenia cf. triodiophila * Goodenia sp. indet * * * * Grevillea nematophylla subsp. supraplana * * * * Grevillea striata * * * * * * Gunniopsis quadrifida * * * Hakea lorea subsp. lorea * * * * * Hakea preissii * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Heliotropium curassavicum * Heliotropium inexplicitum * * * Hibiscus burtonii * * * * * * * * * * * Hibiscus krichaufianus * * * * * Hibiscus sp. Gardneri (A.L. Payne PRP 1435) * Hibiscus sp. indet 2 Hibiscus verdcourtii * Indigofera chamaeclada subsp. chamaeclada * * Indigofera monophylla * Iseilema membranaceum * * * * Isolepis congrua * * * Josephinia eugeniae * Lawrencia densiflora * * * * * Lepidium oxytrichum * Lycium australe * Lycium murrayi * * * * Lysimachia arvensis * Maireana amoena * * * * * * * Maireana carnosa * * * * Mairena convexa * Maireana georgei * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Maireana melanocoma * * Maireana planifolia * * Maireana pyramidata * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Maireana thesioides * * Maireana tomentosa * Maireana triptera * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Maireana villosa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Maireana sp. indet * Marsdenia australis * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Marsilea hirsuta * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Melaleuca stereophloia * * * * * * * * * * Melaleuca xerophila * Monachather paradoxus * * * * * * * * * * Nicotiana heterantha * Nicotiana rotundifolia * * * * * Paspalidium clementii * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & A. Kanis 8158) * * * * Phyllanthus erwinii * * * * * Pittosporum angustifolium * * * * * * * * * Portulaca oleracea * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Psydrax latifolia * * * Psydrax rigidula * * * * * * * * Psydrax suaveolens * * * * * * * * * * * * Ptilotus aervoides * * * * * * * * * * * Ptilotus divaricatus * * * * * * * * * * Ptilotus gomphrenoides * * Ptilotus helipteroides * Ptilotus luteolus * Ptilotus macrocephalus * Ptilotus nobilis * * * * Ptilotus obovatus * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Ptilotus polystachyus * Ptilotus roei * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Ptilotus rotundifolius * * * * * Ptilotus schwartzii * * * * * * * * * * Ptilotus sp. indet * Rhagodia drummondii * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Rhagodia eremaea * * * * * * * * * * * * Rhyncharrhena linearis * * * * * Salsola australis * * * * * * * * Santalum lanceolatum * * * * 0 0 0 Santalum spicatum * * * * * * Scaevola spinescens * * * * * * * * * * * * Schoenoplectiella dissachantha * Sclerolaena burbidgeae * * Sclerolaena cuneata * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Sclerolaena densiflora * * * * * Sclerolaena diacantha * Sclerolaena eriacantha * * * * * * * Sclerolaena eurotioides * Sclerolaena sp. indet * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Senna artemisioides subsp. filifolia * * * Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii x oligophylla * * Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii x sturtii * Senna artemisioides subsp. oligophylla * Senna artemisioides subsp. petiolaris * * Senna artemisioides subsp. x sturtii * * * * * * * * * * Senna charlesiana * * Senna glaucifolia * * * * * * * * * * * * * Senna glutinosa subsp. chatelainiana * * * * * * * * * * * * Senna glutinosa subsp. x luerssenii * * * * Senna sp. Meekatharra (E. Bailey 1‐26) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Sida calyxhymenia * Sida ectogama * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Sida intricata * * * * Sida sp. dark green fruits (S. van Leeuwen 2260) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Sida sp. Golden calyces glabrous (H.N. Foote 32) * Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Sida trichopoda * Solanum cleistogamum * * Solanum ferocissimum * Solanum lasiophyllum * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Solanum nummularium * Spartothamnella teucriiflora * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Sporobolus actinocladus * Stenopetalum sp. indet * Streptoglossa cylindriceps * * * Streptoglossa liatroides * Streptoglossa sp. indet * * * * * Swainsona kingii * Swainsona paradoxa * Tecticornia disarticulata * * Tecticornia indica subsp. leiostachya * * * * Tecticornia indica * Tecticornia sp. Dennys Crossing (K.A. Shepherd & J. English KS 552) * Thryptomene decussata * Tragus australiensis * Trianthema glossostigma * * Trianthema triquetrum * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Tribulus astrocarpus * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Tribulus macrocarpus * Tribulus occidentalis * * Tribulus suberosus * Tribulus terrestris * * * Tribulus sp. indet * * Tripogon loliiformis * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Wahlenbergia caryophylloides * Yakirra australiensis * * Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

APPENDIX 11 Species by vegetation association matrix for the study area

125 SPECIES HC AqAi HS AiAq UH Ar UH EmAt UH EmCd UH Ps SA Eff Ee SA Ms SA Po SP AcAt Eg SP Aq SP At Eg PoSl SP Es SP Eyy HP AcAt Po HP Eg HP EgEff HP El HP GsGn HP Mp ME AiAaAf DZ Ms Df DZ PaMsEy GP Ep CP Df CP Ea CP Mh SF Th Abutilon cryptopetalum ***** Abutilon fraseri * * Abutilon malvifolium * Abutilon otocarpum ** * * ** Abutilon oxycarpum subsp. Prostrate (A.A. Mitchell PRP 1266) * Abutilon sp. indet * Acacia ?caesaneura x incurvaneura ** * * Acacia ?caesaneura x mulganeura * Acacia aneura ** *** Acacia aptaneura *** * * ** * * Acacia aptaneura (hybrid) * Acacia burkittii * Acacia caesaneura *** **** * Acacia caesaneura (narrow phyllode variant) *** * ** * * * * Acacia craspedocarpa * * * ***** * * Acacia craspedocarpa (hybrid) ** * * * ** ** * Acacia fuscaneura *** * * * ** *** ** Acacia grasbyi ** ** ** * Acacia incurvaneura *** ** ** * ** Acacia macraneura * Acacia mulganeura * Acacia pruinocarpa *** * *** * * *** Acacia pteraneura ************ Acacia quadrimarginea ** ** Acacia ramulosa var. linophylla ** Acacia ramulosa var. ramulosa * Acacia rhodophloia * Acacia sclerosperma subsp. sclerosperma ** Acacia sibirica * Acacia speckii * Acacia synchronicia *** * * *** Acacia tetragonophylla ********* * * * *** ***** * *** Acacia cf. masliniana ** Alternanthera angustifolia * Alternanthera denticulata * Alternanthera nodiflora * * * *** *** Amyema miquelii * Amyema nestor * Amyema preissii * Aristida contorta ** **** * *** ***** * * * * * Atriplex amnicola *** Atriplex bunburyana * * Atriplex codonocarpa ***** * Atriplex holocarpa * Atriplex semilunaris **** Austrostipa sp. indet * ** * * Bergia perennis subsp. exigua *** Bidens bipinnata * * Boerhavia burbidgeana * * * **** * Boerhavia coccinea * ** * * *** * * Boerhavia repleta ** * ** * * * Boerhavia sp. indet ** ** * Brachyscome ciliaris **** Bulbostylis barbata ** ** Bulbostylis turbinata * Calandrinia creethiae * *** * * * ***** * ** Calandrinia ptychosperma * * Calandrinia pumila ** * Calandrinia schistorhiza * Calandrinia sp. indet * ** Calytrix desolata * Centipeda thespedioides * * **** * Cheilanthes brownii * Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. seiberi * ** ** * Chenopodium gaudichaudianum * * * Convolvulus clementii * ** Cratystylis subspinescens *** * ** Cressa australis * Cullen cinereum * * Cullen cf. graveolens * Cuscuta planiflora **** Cymbopogon ambiguus * * Cynodon prostratus ***** * *** * Cyperus iria ******* Dactyloctenium radulans *** * * *** ****** * Dichanthium sericeum subsp. humilius *** Digitaria brownii ** ** * Diplachne fusca * *** * Dissocarpus paradoxus *** * * Dodonaea adenophora * Dodonaea amplisemina * Duma florulenta ** ** Duperreya commixta ** * Dysphania glandulosa * Dysphania glomulifera subsp. eremaea * * Dysphania kalpari ** *** Dysphania melanocarpa ******* Dysphania rhadinostachya * Dysphania sp. indet * * Eleocharis pallens *** Eleocharis pusilla ** Enchyleana tomentosa **** * * * *** ***** *** Enneapogon caerulescens *** * * * **** * Enneapogon polyphyllus * * * * *** * * Enteropogon ramosus ** * Eragrostis australasica * Eragrostis desertorum * Eragrostis dielsii ** * Eragrostis eriopoda ** * * * * ** Eragrostis falcata ** * Eragrostis kennedyae *** Eragrostis leptocarpa ** * * ****** Eragrostis pergracilis ** * * ** * *** Eragrostis setifolia * * Eragrostis cf. xerophila * Eremophila eriocalyx * Eremophila exilifolia * ** * Eremophila forrestii subsp. forrestii * ***** * * * * * ** ** * Eremophila galeata ** ******* * Eremophila georgei ** Eremophila glabra subsp. brevifolia * Eremophila glabra subsp. glabra ** ** Eremophila glabra subsp. inland salt lakes * Eremophila glutinosa ** * * Eremophila jucunda subsp. jucunda * * * ** Eremophila lachnocalyx * ** ** Eremophila latrobei subsp. latrobei * * * *** * * ** * Eremophila linearis * Eremophila longifolia *** ****** * Eremophila macmillaniana *** Eremophila maculata subsp. brevifolia **** * Eremophila malacoides * * Eremophila platycalyx subsp. platycalyx ****** Eremophila simulans subsp. simulans **** Eremophila spathulata * ** ** Eremophila spuria ** ** Eremophila youngii subsp. youngii ** ** * Eriachne falcata ** Eriachne flaccida **** Eriachne helmsii ** * Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella * **** * * * **** ****** Eriochloa procera * Erodium cygnorum * Euphorbia boophthona * Euphorbia ferdinandi var. ferdinandi ** Euphorbia porcata ** * * * ** *** * Euphorbia tannensis subsp eremophila * ** Exocarpos aphyllus * **** Fimbristylis dichotoma *** Fimbristylis iria * Frankenia laxiflora * Frankenia setosa *** SPECIES HC AqAi HS AiAq UH Ar UH EmAt UH EmCd UH Ps SA Eff Ee SA Ms SA Po SP AcAt Eg SP Aq SP At Eg PoSl SP Es SP Eyy HP AcAt Po HP Eg HP EgEff HP El HP GsGn HP Mp ME AiAaAf DZ Ms Df DZ PaMsEy GP Ep CP Df CP Ea CP Mh SF Th Glycine canescens *** Gnephosis brevifolia ** * * * Gnephosis tenuissima * Goodenia berringbinensis * Goodenia cf. triodiophila * Goodenia sp. indet ** * * Grevillea nematophylla subsp. supraplana ** Grevillea striata ** ** Gunniopsis quadrifida * * * Hakea lorea subsp. lorea ** * Hakea preissii **** * * * *** **** Heliotropium curassavicum * Heliotropium inexplicitum ** * Hibiscus burtonii ** * * * * * * Hibiscus krichaufianus ** ** Hibiscus sp. Gardneri (A.L. Payne PRP 1435) * Hibiscus sp. indet * Hibiscus verdcourtii * Indigofera chamaeclada subsp. chamaeclada ** Indigofera monophylla * Iseilema membranaceum *** Isolepis congrua *** Josephinia eugeniae * Lawrencia densiflora *** Lepidium oxytrichum * Lycium australe * Lycium murrayi * * Lysimachia arvensis * Maireana amoena **** * Maireana carnosa ** Mairena convexa * Maireana georgei *** ** * * * * * Maireana melanocoma * Maireana planifolia * Maireana pyramidata ** * * *** * Maireana thesioides * * Maireana tomentosa * Maireana triptera ** * * ** * * Maireana villosa *** ***** * * * * * Maireana sp. indet * Marsdenia australis *** * ***** * * ** **** * ** Marsilea hirsuta * ** * * * * **** Melaleuca stereophloia * * ** * Melaleuca xerophila * Monachather paradoxus ** * * * * * Nicotiana heterantha * Nicotiana rotundifolia ** * * Paspalidium clementii **** * * *** ** * * Peplidium sp. C Evol. Fl. Fauna Arid Aust. (N.T. Burbidge & A. Kanis 8158) ** * Phyllanthus erwinii **** Pittosporum angustifolium ** *** Portulaca oleracea * **** * * *** ******* Psydrax latifolia ** ** Psydrax rigidula * ***** Psydrax suaveolens ** **** * ** * * Ptilotus aervoides * * * * ***** Ptilotus divaricatus ** *** Ptilotus gomphrenoides ** Ptilotus helipteroides * Ptilotus luteolus * Ptilotus macrocephalus * Ptilotus nobilis * ** Ptilotus obovatus ********* * * *** ***** * ** * Ptilotus polystachyus * Ptilotus roei ** * **** ** *** Ptilotus rotundifolius ** * Ptilotus schwartzii ** ***** Ptilotus sp. indet * Rhagodia drummondii * **** * * **** * Rhagodia eremaea * * * * *** * Rhyncharrhena linearis * ** * Salsola australis ** ** * Santalum lanceolatum ** ** * * Santalum spicatum * *** ** Scaevola spinescens * * *** ** * Schoenoplectiella dissachantha * Sclerolaena burbidgeae * * Sclerolaena cuneata ** ** * * *** * * * Sclerolaena densiflora ** ** * Sclerolaena diacantha * Sclerolaena eriacantha **** *** Sclerolaena eurotioides * Sclerolaena sp. indet ******** Senna artemisioides subsp. filifolia ** * * Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii ** * ** * ****** * Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii x oligophylla * Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii x sturtii * Senna artemisioides subsp. oligophylla * Senna artemisioides subsp. petiolaris ** Senna artemisioides subsp. x sturtii ** * * * ** Senna charlesiana ** Senna glaucifolia *** ** * * * ** Senna glutinosa subsp. chatelainiana * * ** * *** Senna glutinosa subsp. x luerssenii * * Senna sp. Meekatharra (E. Bailey 1‐26) * ** * * ** * * Sida calyxhymenia * Sida ectogama *** ** ** * * * **** * Sida intricata *** * Sida sp. dark green fruits (S. van Leeuwen 2260) ** ** *** * *** ** Sida sp. Golden calyces glabrous (H.N. Foote 32) * Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) * * **** **** Sida trichopoda * Solanum cleistogamum ** Solanum ferocissimum * Solanum lasiophyllum ******* * * * *** ***** * * * * * Solanum nummularium * Spartothamnella teucriiflora ************ Sporobolus actinocladus * Stenopetalum sp. indet * Streptoglossa cylindriceps ** Streptoglossa liatroides * Streptoglossa sp. indet ** * ** Swainsona kingii * Swainsona paradoxa * Tecticornia disarticulata ** Tecticornia indica subsp. leiostachya * * Tecticornia indica * Tecticornia sp. Dennys Crossing (K.A. Shepherd & J. English KS 552) * Thryptomene decussata * Tragus australiensis * Trianthema glossostigma ** Trianthema triquetrum **** * ** ** ** * Tribulus astrocarpus **** * * * ***** * Tribulus macrocarpus * Tribulus occidentalis * * Tribulus suberosus * Tribulus terrestris *** Tribulus sp. indet * * Tripogon loliiformis ********* * Wahlenbergia caryophylloides * Yakirra australiensis * Detailed Flora and Vegetation Survey Gabanintha Tenements

APPENDIX 12 Representative photographs, raw data and total flora spreadsheets recorded for the 84 quadrats assessed within the study area

128