Generate PDF of This Page

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Institute of National Remembrance https://ipn.gov.pl/en/news/4457,Poles-responded-with-arms-to-German-terror-the-Second-Silesian-Upri sing.html 2021-09-28, 00:46 21.08.2020 Poles responded with arms to German terror – the Second Silesian Uprising 1920 was the time of shaping the borders of the second Republic of Poland. The Polish-Bolshevik war, the plebiscite in Warmia and Masuria and the Second Silesian Uprising (or The Silesian Civil War) had a signiﬁcant impact on the shape of the Polish borders before the Second World War. On 19–25 August 1920, Poles in Upper Silesia, responded with arms to the German terror. The Second Silesian Uprising broke out on the night of 19/20 August. The main postulate of those fighting under Alfons Zgrzebniok was to get rid of the hated German SIPO (Sicherheitpolizei) police and its replacement with a Polish-German formation. This postulate was fulfilled. According to various estimates, between 77 and 180 insurgents died during the week of fighting. In the proclamation of the Polish Plebiscite Commissariat, signed by Wojciech Korfanty, we read: “You broke the German terror in Silesia with courage and solidarity. Your most important demands are fulfilled. The green Police is leaving Upper Silesia. The Civic Guard is established, which will perform its functions until the security service is taken over by the plebiscite Police. The Inter-alliance Commission in Opole agreed not only to remove the green Police, but also to remove those elements that came from inside Germany to disturb the Polish population and organize attacks and pogroms on Poles.” The Second Silesian Uprising was one of the five victorious independence uprisings in the history of Poland (the others being the two Greater Poland Uprisings of 1806 and 1918–1919, the Sejny Uprising of 1919 and the Third Silesian Uprising of 1921.) “Were it not for this willingness to risk one's own property, health and life, today's history would look completely different. Perhaps today, in this place, in Katowice, we would speak a completely different language,” said Andrzej Sznajder, director of the Katowice branch of the Institute of National Remembrance. Opcje strony Print this page Generate PDF of this page Notify about this page Share this article Share on Facebook Share on Twitter.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

WOJCIECH KORFANTY Grzegorz Bębnik Sebastian Rosenbaum Mirosław Węcki
WOJCIECH KORFANTY Grzegorz Bębnik Sebastian Rosenbaum Mirosław Węcki BOHATEROWIE NIEPODLEGŁEJ Wojciech Korfanty. (Zbiory Narodowego Archiwum Cyfrowego) BOHATEROWIE NIEPODLEGŁEJ WOJCIECH KORFANTY 1873–1939 Polityk legenda Wojciech Korfanty jest najbardziej znanym polskim politykiem z Gór- nego Śląska działającym w pierwszej połowie XX w. Był pierwszym politykiem jednoznacznie głoszącym jedność Górnego Śląska z resztą ziem polskich, który został posłem do niemieckiego parlamentu. Kor- fanty odegrał istotną rolę w procesie odbudowy Rzeczypospolitej po 1918 r. W Wielkopolsce należał do Naczelnej Rady Ludowej stanowiącej polityczne centrum tej dzielnicy. Przede wszystkim jednak trzeba go wiązać z aktywnością na rodzimym Górnym Śląsku. Z ramienia rządu polskiego kierował Polskim Komisariatem Plebiscytowym na Górnym Śląsku w latach 1919–1921, koordynując niełatwą walkę o pozyskanie dla Polski głosów Górnoślązaków. W maju 1921 r. stanął na czele III powstania śląskiego jako jego dyktator. Przyczynił się tym walnie do włączenia uprzemysłowionej części regionu górnośląskiego do Rze- czypospolitej. W początkach II Rzeczypospolitej Korfanty był wiodącym polity- kiem w województwie śląskim, a pewną pozycję zdobył także na ogólno- krajowej scenie politycznej. Po zamachu majowym 1926 r. odsunięty od sprawowania władzy, stał się jednym z liderów opozycji antysanacyjnej. Jednocześnie tworzył podwaliny pod polską chadecję i myśl katolicko- 3 -społeczną. Za pośrednictwem wpływowego dziennika „Polonia”, któ- rego był wydawcą, oddziaływał na nastroje opinii publicznej nie tylko w województwie śląskim, lecz także w skali ogólnokrajowej. Ostatnie lata jego życia to dramatyczny okres – musiał udać się na emigrację do Czechosłowacji, a po powrocie do kraju w kwietniu 1939 r. został aresztowany. Zmarł wkrótce po opuszczeniu więzienia. Pochodzenie i edukacja Korfanty pochodził z robotniczej rodziny z Siemianowic Śląskich na Górnym Śląsku.
[Show full text]
Zaglada2013 Ang 07STUDIES 5 Leociak.Indd
Jacek Leociak The Image of Poles in the Writings of Jews from the Warsaw District1 Introduction My intention is not to describe the Polish-Jewish relations during the war and occupation from 1939 to 1945. The irst attempt to draw such a synthesis, undertaken by a professional historian in the face of the Holocaust of Polish Jews, was the study Stosunki polsko-żydowskie w czasie drugiej wojny światowej. Uwagi i spostrzeżenia [Polish-Jewish relations during the World War II. Notes and observations], written by Emanuel Ringelblum in Polish while he was hid- ing in a bunker at Grójecka 81 Street in Warsaw (the study was written between the second half of 1943 and March 1944, and later edited and published by Artur Eisenbach in 1988). In the historiography of World War II, this issue has been present for a long time. Authors of books, articles, historical essays, and compilations of documents favor a synthetic approach,2 and relate to speciic 1 This article is an abridged version of the text originally published in Prowincja Noc. Życie i zagłada Żydów w dystrykcie warszawskim, ed. Barbara Engelking, Jacek Leociak, and Dariusz Libionka (Warsaw: Wydawnictwo IFiS PAN, 2007), 373–441 (publisher’s note). 2 For example, let us list in chronological order the number of signiicant publications, though they are different in terms of volume and research methods: Israel Gutman, Shmuel Krakowski, Unequal Victims. Poles and Jews During World War II (New York: Holocaust Libra- ry, 1986); Marian Marek Drozdowski, “Releksje o stosunkach polsko-żydowskich w czasie drugiej wojny światowej,” Kwartalnik Historyczny 97, no.
[Show full text]
The Struggle for Upper Silesia, 1919-1922 Author(S): F
The Struggle for Upper Silesia, 1919-1922 Author(s): F. Gregory Campbell Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 42, No. 3 (Sep., 1970), pp. 361-385 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1905870 . Accessed: 25/08/2012 14:32 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Modern History. http://www.jstor.org The Strugglefor Upper Silesia, 1919-1922 F. GregoryCampbell University of Chicago At the junction of Central Europe's three old empires lay one of the richestmineral and industrialareas of the continent.A territoryof some 4,000 square miles, Upper Silesia was ruled by Austria and Prussia throughoutmodern history. The northernsections and the area west of the Oder River were exclusivelyagricultural, and inhabitedlargely by Germans.In the extreme southeasterncorner of Upper Silesia, Polish peasants tilled the estates of German magnates. Lying between the Germanand the Polish agriculturalareas was a small triangulararea of mixed populationcontaining a wealth of mines and factories. That Upper Silesian "industrialtriangle" was second only to the Ruhr basin in ImperialGermany; in 1913 Upper Silesian coalfieldsaccounted for 21 percent of German coal production.
[Show full text]
Piłsudski Dmowski Paderewski Witos Korfanty Daszyński
OJCOWIE NIEPODLEGŁOŚCI PIŁSUDSKI DMOWSKI PADEREWSKI WITOS KORFANTY DASZYŃSKI FATHERS OF INDEPENDENCE Autorzy wystawy: dr Zofia Fenrych, Mateusz Lipko Współpraca: Grzegorz Czapski, Maciej Frycz, Paweł Miedziński, Magdalena Ruczyńska, dr Paweł Skubisz, prof. Włodzimierz Suleja Redakcja i tłumaczenie: Grażyna Waluga Projekt wystawy: Krzysztof Drumiński, Jakub Walkowicz (2code.pl) Odbudowa państwa Prezentujemy następujące postaci: polskiego po 123 latach Józef Piłsudski, Roman niewoli była wydarzeniem Dmowski, Ignacy Jan przełomowym. Wysiłek wielu Paderewski, Wincenty Witos, Polaków, trud i oﬁara Wojciech Korfanty poniesiona na frontach i Ignacy Daszyński. I wojny światowej oraz Jest wśród nich artysta, są dyplomaci, żołnierze i politycy, aktywne działania a także działacze społeczni. Reprezentowali różne poglądy polityczne, różnili się dyplomatyczne przynależnością społeczną i religią, urodzili się pod doprowadziły do narodzenia różnymi zaborami. Mimo to potrafili zjednoczyć się wokół jednego, się II Rzeczypospolitej. nadrzędnego celu: NIEPODLEGŁOŚCI. Nie oznaczało to, że we wszystkim byli zgodni i we wszystkim wzorowo Liderami tego procesu byli współdziałali. tytułowi Ojcowie Pozostali wierni własnym poglądom, ale wykorzystując sprzyjające warunki zewnętrzne, poprowadzili Polaków Niepodległości. ku WOLNOŚCI. Stanisław Bagieński, Rozbrajanie Niemców przed Główną Komendą na placu Saskim w Warszawie, 1939, olej na płótnie / Muzeum Wojska Polskiego w Warszawie Stanisław Bagieński, The disarming of Germans in front of the Headquarters at Saski
[Show full text]
Bruno Kamiński
Fear Management. Foreign threats in the postwar Polish propaganda – the influence and the reception of the communist media (1944 -1956) Bruno Kamiński Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Florence, 14 June 2016 European University Institute Department of History and Civilization Fear Management. Foreign threats in the postwar Polish propaganda – the influence and the reception of the communist media (1944 -1956) Bruno Kamiński Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Examining Board Prof. Pavel Kolář (EUI) - Supervisor Prof. Alexander Etkind (EUI) Prof. Anita Prażmowska (London School Of Economics) Prof. Dariusz Stola (University of Warsaw and Polish Academy of Science) © Bruno Kamiński, 2016 No part of this thesis may be copied, reproduced or transmitted without prior permission of the author Researcher declaration to accompany the submission of written work Department of History and Civilization - Doctoral Programme I <Bruno Kamiński> certify that I am the author of the work < Fear Management. Foreign threats in the postwar Polish propaganda – the influence and the reception of the communist media (1944 -1956)> I have presented for examination for the Ph.D. at the European University Institute. I also certify that this is solely my own original work, other than where I have clearly indicated, in this declaration and in the thesis, that it is the work of others. I warrant that I have obtained all the permissions required for using any material from other copyrighted publications.
[Show full text]
Ojcowie Niepodległości
OJCOWIE NIEPODLEGŁOŚCI PIŁSUDSKI DMOWSKI PADEREWSKI WITOS KORFANTY DASZYŃSKI FATHERS OF INDEPENDENCE Autorzy wystawy: dr Zofia Fenrych, Mateusz Lipko Współpraca: Grzegorz Czapski, Maciej Frycz, Paweł Miedziński, Magdalena Ruczyńska, dr Paweł Skubisz, prof. Włodzimierz Suleja Redakcja i tłumaczenie: Grażyna Waluga Projekt wystawy: Krzysztof Drumiński, Jakub Walkowicz (2code.pl) Odbudowa państwa Prezentujemy następujące postaci: polskiego po 123 latach Józef Piłsudski, Roman niewoli była wydarzeniem Dmowski, Ignacy Jan przełomowym. Wysiłek wielu Paderewski, Wincenty Witos, Polaków, trud i oﬁara Wojciech Korfanty poniesiona na frontach i Ignacy Daszyński. I wojny światowej oraz Jest wśród nich artysta, są dyplomaci, żołnierze i politycy, aktywne działania a także działacze społeczni. Reprezentowali różne poglądy polityczne, różnili się dyplomatyczne przynależnością społeczną i religią, urodzili się pod doprowadziły do narodzenia różnymi zaborami. Mimo to potrafili zjednoczyć się wokół jednego, się II Rzeczypospolitej. nadrzędnego celu: NIEPODLEGŁOŚCI. Nie oznaczało to, że we wszystkim byli zgodni i we wszystkim wzorowo Liderami tego procesu byli współdziałali. tytułowi Ojcowie Pozostali wierni własnym poglądom, ale wykorzystując sprzyjające warunki zewnętrzne, poprowadzili Polaków Niepodległości. ku WOLNOŚCI. Stanisław Bagieński, Rozbrajanie Niemców przed Główną Komendą na placu Saskim w Warszawie, 1939, olej na płótnie / Muzeum Wojska Polskiego w Warszawie Stanisław Bagieński, The disarming of Germans in front of the Headquarters at Saski
[Show full text]
Problem Wielokulturowości Na Przykładzie Mniejszości Białoruskiej
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF THE MILITARY ACADEMY OF LAND FORCES Volume 49 Number 1 (183) 2017 ISSN 1731-8157 DOI: 10.5604/17318157.1234848 THE PROBLEM OF MULTICULTURALISM ON THE EXAMPLE OF BELARUSIAN, LITHUANIAN, JEWISH, SILESIAN AND TATAR MINORITIES IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE SECURITY OF POLICY IN THE SECOND POLISH REPUBLIC Tomasz LANDMANN* * Faculty of Security Studies, General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military Academy of Land Forces in Wroclaw email: [email protected] Received on 19th December; accepted after revision in July 2016 Copyright © 2017 by Zeszyty Naukowe WSOWL Abstract: The article is an attempt to analyse the problem of multiculturalism on the example of the influence of the five minority communities listed in the title in the perspective of the security of Poland in the period between 1918 and 1939. The considerations presented in this article are an addendum to the issues related to the policy of the authorities of the Second Republic of Poland on national minorities and its influence on the internal security of the state. This subject was undertaken by the Author earlier when he analysed the activity of the represen- tatives the German and Ukrainian minority. The article presents potential factors which can destabilise internal security, especially at the social level, as a result of forces in the envi- ronments of the indicated national and ethnic minorities in the II RP. The presented argu- ments allow to conclude that during the whole interwar period the II RP authorities had to struggle with multiculturalism related to the presence of Belarusian, Lithuanian, Jewish and Silesian minorities because in their environment centrifugal forces were occurred many ti- mes and posed a threat to the internal security of the newly re-established Polish state.
[Show full text]
Fluid Identities in Central European Borderlands
02_EHQ 31/4 articles 15/10/01 12:54 pm Page 519 Peter Thaler Fluid Identities in Central European Borderlands The debate about the nature of national identity has been passionate and complex, and it has not led to convincing, gener- ally applicable models. In this article, the manner in which this identity expresses itself at its margins provides a new perspective on the broader theoretical issue. The sense-of-self of historical Central European border populations highlights the subjective component of group identities. In the countries of Central Europe, the conceptual dichotomy of Staatsnation and Kulturnation, introduced into the scholarly debate by Friedrich Meinecke, continues to dominate academic discourse — notwithstanding its theoretical expansion and criti- cal revision.1 The Staatsnation, which signifies the political or civic nation, is constructed around the citizenry of a politically organized territory, in other words, a state, regardless of the ethnic and cultural composition of this citizenry and of possible ethnocultural continuities beyond the existing political borders. It is sometimes defined as a constitutional nation when it de- marcates the nation by the reach of a liberal constitution; this reach will normally correspond to the political frontiers of a state. Its dependence on a specific constitutional content gives this conceptual variation a normative rather than an empirical character, since even internal revisions of the political structure would terminate the existing constitutional nation. The con- cept resembles the comparably ideology-based, if politically diametrically opposed, class nation, which periodically provided the theoretical foundation of the German Democratic Republic and was envisioned to create a structure of coherence for Soviet Man.
[Show full text]
Wall and Window. the Rubble of the Warsaw Ghetto As the Narrative
Wall and Window The rubble of the Warsaw Ghetto as the narrative space of the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews* Konrad Matyjaszek Abstract: Opened in 2013, the Warsaw-based POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews is situated in the center of the former Nazi Warsaw ghetto, which was destroyed during its liquidation in 1943. The museum is also located opposite to the Monument to the Ghetto Heroes and Martyrs, built in 1948, as well as in between of the area of the former 19th-century Jewish district, and of the post-war modernist residential district of Mu- ranów, designed as a district-memorial for the destroyed ghetto. Constructed on such site, the Museum was however narrated as a “museum of life”, telling the “thousand-year-old history” of Polish Jews, and not focused directly on the history of the Holocaust or the history of Polish antisemitism. The paper offers a critical analysis of the curatorial and architectural strategies assumed by the Museum’s de- signers in the process of employing the urban location of the Museum in the narratives communicated by the building and its core exhibition. In this analysis, two key architectural interiors are examined in detail in terms of their correspondence with the context of the site: the Museum’s entrance lobby and the space of the “Jewish street,” incorporated into the core exhibition’s sub-galleries presenting the interwar period of Polish-Jewish history and the history of the Holocaust. The analysis of the design structure of these two interiors allows to raise the research question about the physical and symbolic role of the material substance of the destroyed ghetto in construction of a historical narrative that is separated from the history of the destruction, as well as one about the designers’ responsibilities arising from the decision to present a given history on the physical site where it took place.
[Show full text]
ROCZNIK PRZEMYSKI Dr Ewa Grin-Piszczek, Dr Lucjan Fac, Dr Grzegorz Klebowicz, Dr Hab
ROCZNIK PPRZEMYSKIRZEMYSKI Vol. 55 HISTORY Issue 3 (23) 2019 “For Your Freedom and Ours”: Polonia and the Struggle for Polish Independence edited by Tomasz Pudłocki and Andrew Kier Wise EDITORIAL BOARD OF ROCZNIK PRZEMYSKI dr Ewa Grin-Piszczek, dr Lucjan Fac, dr Grzegorz Klebowicz, dr hab. Tomasz Pudłocki, prof. UJ (editor in chief), mgr inż. Grzegorz Poznański, dr Tomasz Zając Editorial Board of Rocznik Przemyski. Historia dr Ewa Grin-Piszczek (State Archives in Przemyśl, the Middle Ages), dr hab. Monika Kulesza (The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin – language editor), dr hab. Tomasz Pudłocki. prof. UJ (Jag- iellonian University, history of culture, 19th-20th c. – editor in chief)), dr hab. Maria Stinia, prof. UJ (Jagiellonian University, history of science and education, 19th-20th c. – editor in chief)), dr hab. Wik- tor Szymborski (Jagiellonian University, history of culture, 12th-16th c. – editor in chief), dr Izabela Wodzińska (the Folk Museum in Kolbuszowa, history of culture, 19th-20th c.), dr Mateusz Wyżga (the Pedagogical University of Krakow, historical demography, 16th-18th c. – statistical editor) Editorial Committee of Rocznik Przemyski. Historia prof. dr Damir Agicič (Zagreb University, Croatia), prof. dr hab. Zdzisław Budzyński (Rzeszów Uni- versity, Poland), prof. dr hab. Andrzej Chwalba (Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland), dr hab. Józef Dobosz, prof. UAM (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland), em. prof. dr John Hartman (Uni- versity of Michigan, USA), prof. dr hab. Jadwiga Hoff (Rzeszów University, Poland), doc. dr Pavel Krafl (Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic), prof. dr hab. Krzysztof Stopka (Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland), prof. dr Andrew Wise (Daemen College, Buffalo, USA – chair) Reviewers prof.
[Show full text]
Historicizing German Depictions of Poles, 1919-1934 THESIS
Das Deutsche Polenbild: Historicizing German Depictions of Poles, 1919-1934 THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Paul N Niebrzydowski Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Master's Examination Committee: Alan Beyerchen, Advisor James Bartholomew Christopher Otter Copyright by Paul N Niebrzydowski 2012 Abstract After the armistice that marked the end of the Great War, the continuing conflict on Germany’s eastern border contributed to the weakened German self-image. Poles, newly confident and militaristic after having witnessed the rebirth of their nation, stood as a perceived, and oftentimes real, threat to the German state and identity. The present work explores how the experience of conflict between Germans and Poles on Germany’s eastern border contributed to a change in inflection of German stereotypes of Poles. Though still bearing the mark of 19 th century stereotypes, which cast the Poles as backward and fit to be colonized, interwar propaganda added an image of Poles as an aggressive and militaristic threat to the German identity. The uprising in Posen and the administration of the Upper Silesian plebiscite stood out in Germans' minds as examples of Germany's weakening sovereignty, not only in the face of its neighbor, but also at the hands of the Allies. When the Nazis came to power, they employed a renewed rhetoric of colonization of the east. Whereas Germany's colonies had been lost after the Great War, the Third Reich hoped to once again colonize the east.
[Show full text]
Pogrom Cries – Essays on Polish-Jewish History, 1939–1946
Rückenstärke cvr_eu: 39,0 mm Rückenstärke cvr_int: 34,9 mm Eastern European Culture, 12 Eastern European Culture, Politics and Societies 12 Politics and Societies 12 Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Pogrom Cries – Essays on Polish-Jewish History, 1939–1946 Pogrom Cries – Essays This book focuses on the fate of Polish “From page one to the very end, the book Tokarska-Bakir Joanna Jews and Polish-Jewish relations during is composed of original and novel texts, the Holocaust and its aftermath, in the which make an enormous contribution on Polish-Jewish History, ill-recognized era of Eastern-European to the knowledge of the Holocaust and its pogroms after the WW2. It is based on the aftermath. It brings a change in the Polish author’s own ethnographic research in reading of the Holocaust, and offers totally 1939–1946 those areas of Poland where the Holo- unknown perspectives.” caust machinery operated, as well as on Feliks Tych, Professor Emeritus at the the extensive archival query. The results Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw 2nd Revised Edition comprise the anthropological interviews with the members of the generation of Holocaust witnesses and the results of her own extensive archive research in the Pol- The Author ish Institute for National Remembrance Joanna Tokarska-Bakir is a cultural (IPN). anthropologist and Professor at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish “[This book] is at times shocking; however, Academy of Sciences at Warsaw, Poland. it grips the reader’s attention from the ﬁrst She specialises in the anthropology of to the last page. It is a remarkable work, set violence and is the author, among others, to become a classic among the publica- of a monograph on blood libel in Euro- tions in this ﬁeld.” pean perspective and a monograph on Jerzy Jedlicki, Professor Emeritus at the the Kielce pogrom.
[Show full text]