South Africa

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South Africa Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 SOUTH AFRICA Overall risk level Extreme Defer non-essential travel Extremely dangerous and presents unpredic- table security risks Chaotic; travel impossible Overview Emergency Numbers Medical 112 Upcoming Events 09 September 2021 - 10 September 2021 Medium risk: Zuma trial to resume on 9 September - Update Tight security and protests are widely expected to take place near the High Court in Johannesburg on 9 September when the trial of former president, Jacob Zuma, which triggered deadly unrest, is set to resume. Zuma was sentenced to 15 months in prison for contempt for the court for refusing to attend an inquiry into official corruption. Zuma will attend in person. Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / South Africa 2 Travel Advisories Extreme risk: Protests over arrest and jailing of former president Zuma Defer non-essential travel to Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces in the near-term due to violent protests and riots over the arrest and sentencing of former president Jacob Zuma. On 29 June, former president Jacob Zuma was sentenced to 15 months in prison after he refused to attend a corruption inquiry. He was subsequently arrested on 9 July, triggering widespread protests by his supporters, which included incidents of looting and arson attacks on businesses, including hotels. Resulting stampedes and clashes with security forces killed at least 212 people and caused damages estimated at SAR100 million (USD7 million) across Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, including in Soweto and other parts of Johannesburg, Pretoria, Daveyton and Durban, where public transport was also suspended due to the unrest. The military deployed about 25,000 troops to both provinces as of 18 July; at least 3,000 people have been arrested. Protesters have also blocked major highways in the affected areas, including the N3, and targeted communication facilities and numerous malls, including Pavilion shopping centre in Westville, Durban; Ndofaya Mall, Meadowlands, in Soweto; and Mamelodi mall in Pretoria. The authorities called up reservists as the looting has triggered food and fuel shortages; such mobilisation is the first of its kind since the abolition of apartheid in 1994. The worst-hit areas in Gauteng include Evaton, Sebokeng, Vanderbijlpark, Heidleberg, Thembisa, Katlehong, Soweto, Johannesburg and Pretoria, while the most affected ones in KwaZulu-Natal are Durban, Lamont, Port Shepstone, Pietermaritzburg, KwaDukuza and Port Edward. State Security officers are currently investigating reports of attacks on foreigners, particularly those of Indian origin, and possible incidents of xenophobic and ethnic violence in the affected areas, particularly in KwaZulu- Natal. Authorities and businesses in other provinces, including Western Cape, are also on high alert for any potential spillover from the ongoing unrest. President Zuma has long been a highly polarising political figure in the country. His presidency from 2009-2018 was plagued by major corruption allegations, which he denied and denounced as politically motivated attacks orchestrated by Western powers. He maintains a large base of support, especially among conservative and working-class South Africans, as he fought the apartheid system in the country for 10 years before going into exile and returning to take office. His son, Edward Zuma, is among those leading the protests for his release and he previously said that there would be "blood on the floor" for his father's arrests. The unrest is likely to continue despite the increased security presence and may spread to other provinces. Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / South Africa 3 In-country travellers are advised to limit outdoor movement due to the risk of incidental harm from ongoing violent protest clashes. Xenophobic attacks on foreign nationals are possible. Anticipate robust security and disruptions to overland travel, communications and services across Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces in the near-term. Avoid concentrations of security forces and all demonstrations as police will use heavy-handed measures and arrests to quell dissent. Seek shelter or leave the affected area during unrest. Follow all emergency directives. Review evacuation plans and register all travel details with local embassies; track local media for situational updates. Moderate risk: Seasonal influenza in the Southern Hemisphere Seasonal influenza occurs in the Southern Hemisphere from May through October, peaking around August. Unvaccinated elderly adults, young children and people with chronic health conditions are at greatest risk. Travellers should ensure they have an up-to-date flu vaccine before departure. Seasonal influenza is an infectious disease with mostly respiratory symptoms caused by several different influenza viruses, with types A and B causing seasonal epidemics. It is easily transmitted, predominantly via droplet and contact routes and by indirect spread from respiratory secretions on hands, tissues, etc. Infectious aerosols may also play a role in influenza transmission. The incubation period ranges from one to four days, usually being around two days. The symptoms include a sudden onset of fever, cough (usually dry), headache, muscle and joint pain, severe feeling of unwell-being, sore throat and a runny nose. Children may also present symptoms of vomiting or diarrhea. While most people suffer mild illness and recover from fever and other symptoms within a few days to a week or two without requiring medical attention, people of high-risk groups, including pregnant women, children under five years, individuals of age 65 years or older and individuals with chronic or immunosuppressive medical conditions, may suffer from severe illness or death. Annual influenza epidemics are estimated to cause from three to five million cases of severe illness globally, and around 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory fatalities. However, up to 75 percent of the infections are estimated to be asymptomatic. In temperate climates, which in the Southern Hemiphere includes Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru and other countries, the seasonal flu is most prevalent from May through October. In tropical regions, influenza may occur throughout the year. The influenza activity in the southern hemisphere in 2020 was reported at lower levels than expected for the season, due to social distancing and other measures implemented to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Sporadic influenza detections were reported including in some South American countries including Chile and Paraguay with seasonal influenza B viruses accounting for the majority of infections globally. The most effective way to prevent seasonal influenza is vaccination. Health authorities Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / South Africa 4 recommend a yearly vaccine, particularly to high-risk groups and healthcare workers, as the immunity from vaccination wanes over time. However, the effectiveness of vaccines against seasonal influenza varies annually based on several factors, including how well the inoculation is matched with the most prevalent strain of the virus in circulation. For instance, current vaccines tend to work better against influenza B and influenza A(H1N1) than against influenza A(H3N2). The World Health Organisation (WHO) and national health authorities monitor influenza activity in order to implement timely prevention and control strategies, including vaccination campaigns, as a means to avoid overcrowding of clinics and hospitals and high levels of worker/school absenteeism and productivity losses during peak illness periods. The WHO does not recommend any unique measures for travellers or travel restrictions due to seasonal influenza. Travellers are advised to ensure they have an up-to-date flu vaccine before departure. Adhere to general hygiene measures, such as regular hand washing with proper drying of the hands, good respiratory hygiene – covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, using tissues and disposing of them correctly, avoiding touching one’s eyes, nose or mouth, avoiding close contact with sick people and early self-isolation of those feeling unwell, feverish and having other symptoms of influenza to minimise the risk of infecting others in the community. Seek symptomatic treatment and additional medical attention if health deteriorates. Those at high-risk for developing severe or complicated illness are advised to seek antiviral treatment in addition to symptomatic treatment. Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / South Africa 5 Summary South Africa is an Extreme Risk destination: defer non-essential travel. Extreme Risk locations are extremely dangerous and present unpredictable security risks. Travel, if possible, is likely to be chaotic. Covid-19 Extreme Risk The emergence of a South African variant of COVID-19 has prompted other countries to implement bans on travel to and from South Africa, and while the new strain appears to be more contagious, there is no evidence that it is more deadly. A level 3 lockdown is currently in place while some 13,000 COVID-19 cases were being detected per day, as of late August 2021. Political Instability Moderate Risk South Africa is a stable democracy. However, the country has been ruled by one party, the African National Congress (ANC), since the first general elections in 1994 after the end of apartheid. This time period has seen chronic economic mismanagement and corruption in the government, which continues to breed
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