2013 – 2018 UNAVCO Community Project Report Geodesy Advancing Geosciences and Earthscope: GAGE Quarterly Report

2013 – 2018 UNAVCO Community Project Report Geodesy Advancing Geosciences and EarthScope: GAGE Quarterly Report

Y3Q4: 01 July 2016 – 30 September 2016

EAR – 1261833

9 November 2016

Submitted by Principal Investigators: M. Meghan Miller, President Glen S. Mattioli, Geodetic Infrastructure Program Director Charles M. Meertens, Geodetic Data Services Program Director Donna J. Charlevoix, Education & Community Engagement Program Director

Report coordination: David A. Phillips, Data Products Project Manager

Geodesy Advancing Geosciences and EarthScope: GAGE Quarterly Project Report Y3Q4: 01 July 2016 – 30 September 2016

0. Introduction

In this report, we present the program activities and broader impact for the fourth quarter of the third project year (Y3Q4) for Geodesy Advancing Geosciences and EarthScope: the GAGE Facility, under NSF Award EAR1261833 to UNAVCO. The report includes four sections: (1) UNAVCO Community, Governance and Management, (2) Geodetic Infrastructure Program, (3) Geodetic Data Services Program, (4) Education and Community Engagement Program, and three Attachments: UNAVCO Proposal Log, Budget and Variance Reporting, and Project Concerns. Each section is accompanied by performance metrics that chart the contributions and progress of the GAGE Facility. Throughout this report, we differentiate the work of the UNAVCO GAGE Facility and its activities from those of the UNAVCO university consortium, which is a community of scientists with associated university membership, governance, and oversight of the nonprofit corporation UNAVCO, Inc. and its management.

1. Community, Governance & Management

1.1 THE UNAVCO CONSORTIUM AND COMMUNITY

UNAVCO, a non-profit, university governed consortium, facilitates geoscience research and education using geodesy. The consortium membership includes 111 U.S. academic Members, nearly all of which are degree granting institutions that participate in UNAVCO governance and science community. Another 103 Associate Members include organizations that share UNAVCO’s purpose at home and abroad, giving it global reach in advancing geodesy. During the Y3Q4, one new Associate Member finalized their membership: ● Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Two Geodetic Science Snapshots were published featuring results from community work including: ● Probabilities of Large Earthquakes in Alaska (University of Hawaii, Manoa and Portland State University) ● Testing Earthquake Early Warning Using Geodetic Data in the Pacific Northwest (University of Washington, U.S. Geological Survey, Central Washington University)

Highlight

Summer 2016 Interns Wrap-up

UNAVCO hosted 19 interns this summer through three summer internships, each with a different focus. Eight interns from around the country conducted geoscience research in Boulder through Research Experiences in Solid Earth Science for Students (RESESS). RESESS is an eleven-week summer research internship program dedicated to increasing the diversity of students entering the geosciences, for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students. Four Colorado community college students participated in Geo-Launchpad (GLP). GLP is an eight-week summer research-ready internship program dedicated to increasing the diversity of students entering the geosciences, and is focused on community college students from Colorado. Seven graduate and undergraduate students worked in the UNAVCO Student Internship 1

Program (USIP). USIP internships are 8-10 week work experiences related to the student's major or career goal, and are open to undergraduate, graduate, or recently graduated students. Over 180 student interns and assistants have participated in UNAVCO programs since the late 1990s.

Interns participated in professional development programs including a writing workshop, communications seminar, Career Circle (brown bag lunches with geoscience professionals from different sectors), skills seminar (introduction to various software and computer programs), and science communication (through the UNAVCO Portal to the Public Network (PoPNet) program). Interns learned about local geology, geosciences, and graduate school life through local field trips to Rocky Mountain National Park and the University of Colorado Mountain Research Station.

All interns presented their summer work. A research colloquium at UNAVCO featured the research of RESESS interns. All presentations are available online. RESESS and Geo-Launchpad interns presented scientific posters of their work at the UCAR Center Green campus along with over 50 other interns from partner programs (SOARS (UCAR), NEON (NEON), RECCS (CIRES), and PRECIP (UCAR)). USIP interns presented their summer work at an informal closing celebration for UNAVCO staff at the UNAVCO Boulder facility. Projects included video production, field education and classroom curriculum development, and earthquake and tsunami early warning system evaluation.

Figure 1-1. 2016 UNAVCO interns with the Geo-Launchpad, RESESS, and USIP programs participated in an all-day, geology-focused field trip to Rocky Mountain National Park. The field trip was guided by Blake Russo-Nixon, an environmental geoscience volunteer. (Photo: UNAVCO)

1.2 UNAVCO GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

UNAVCO Governance and Management activities for Y3Q4 included weekly teleconference board meetings. Staff members represented UNAVCO at meetings and workshops as detailed below, including some PI foreign travel.

1.2.1 Governance Activities

During Y3Q4 the board met weekly by teleconference, with a focus on development of a follow-on proposal for the NGEO solicitation. Two board members, Adrian Borsa and David Sandwell, resigned due to

organizational conflicts of interest. Sandwell was replaced by appointment of John LaBrecque, as provided for in the UNAVCO By-Laws. The second vacancy will remain until the December election.

1.2.2 Management Activities

During Y3Q4, one staff member left the organization; Software Engineer, Stuart Wier, retired after a fruitful career at UNAVCO. Charlie Sievers, a former Software Engineer, was recruited to return.

1.2.3 UNAVCO Staff Representation at Meetings and Workshops, PI Foreign Travel

UNAVCO staff represented community interests and presented facility contributions at a number of meetings and workshops. UNAVCO governance and some informational meetings are also included here.

● Marshall Test Facility Annual User Group Meeting, UCAR, Boulder, July 6. Attended by F. Blume. ● EarthCube 2016 All Hands Meeting, Denver, Co., July 6th-8th 2016. Attended by D. Ertz, C. Crosby, L. R. Rowan, C. Meertens. ● Earth Educators Rendezvous, Madison, WI, July 18-22, 2016. Attended by D. Charlevoix. ● National Science Teacher Association 5th Annual STEM Forum & Expo, Denver, Colorado, July 27-29, 2016. Attended by S. Olds. ● AOGS (Asia Oceania Geosciences Society) Annual Meeting, Beijing, China, 31 July - 5 August, 2016. Attended by D.A. Phillips. ● InSAR Processing and Theory with GMTSAR: Sentinel-1A Time Series short course, Aug. 10-12, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA. Attended by S. Baker. ● NABG, New Orleans, September 7-11, 2016, Attended by A. Morris. ● International Data Week includes World Data System Members Forum, CODATA General Assembly, SciDataCon, International Data Forum and Research Data Alliance 8th Plenary Meeting, September, 11-17 2016, Denver CO. Attended by S. Baker, F. Boler and L. Rowan. ● Civil GPS Service Interface Committee (CGSIC) meeting at the Institute of Navigation (ION) GNSS+ 2016 Conference, Portland, Oregon, 12-13 September, 2016. Attended by K. Austin and D.A. Phillips. ● SCEC Annual Meeting, Palm Springs, California, September 11-14, 2016. Attended by B. Bartel, G. Mattioli, M. M. Miller, C. Walls. M. M. Miller also participated in the SCEC Advisory Council prior to the meeting. ● WEGENER 18th General Assembly, Azores, Portugal. 12-15 2016. Attended by C. Meertens. ● REU GEO PI Workshop, Boulder, CO, September 22-23, 2016, Attended by A. Morris. ● IRIS EPOSC Meeting, Washington, D.C., September 22-23, 2016, Attended by D. Charlevoix. ● Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, September 25-28, 2016. Attended by B. Bartel, D. Charlevoix, C. Crosby, M.B. Gross, G. Mattioli, A. Morris, M. Okal, B. Pratt-Sitaula, K. Russo-Nixon, C. Meertens and L. Rowan. ● Association of Earth Science Editors, 50th Annual Meeting, Boulder CO, September 29-30, 2016, L. Rowan. ● The Subduction Zone Observatory (SZO) Workshop, Boise, Idaho, September 28 - October 1, 2016. Attended by M.M. Miller, G. Mattioli and D. Charlevoix. D. Charlevoix delivered an invited Plenary lecture; M. Miller presented a poster.

1.2.4 Publications, Abstracts, and Other Products Created by UNAVCO Staff

Abstracts and Presentations:

● Austin, K.A. S. Dittman, K. Feaux, G. Mattioli, and C. Walls (2016), The Future of Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) Geodetic Resource From Now to 2028, oral presentation at the 56th Meeting of the Civil GPS Service Interface Committee (CGSIC) at the Institute of Navigation (ION) GNSS+ 2016 Conference, in the Surveying, Mapping, and Geosciences Subcommittee session, Portland, Oregon. ● Baker, S., Seamless SAR Archive and UNAVCO InSAR Product Archive, presented at InSAR Theory & Processing with ISCE, GIAnT, and StaMPS, Aug. 1-5, 2016, UNAVCO, Boulder, Colorado. ● Baker, S., Seamless SAR Archive and UNAVCO InSAR Product Archive, presented at InSAR Processing and Theory with GMTSAR: Sentinel-1A Time Series, Aug. 10-12, 2016, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA. ● Bartel, B., D. Charlevoix (2016), Communications Training for the Next Generation of Geoscientists, GSA Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, 25-28 September. ● Boler, F. and C. Meertens, Geodetic Data Services at the UNAVCO Data Center, poster presented at the 2016 ICSU World Data Systems Members Meeting, Denver, CO, September 11, 2016. ● Bilham, R., H. Ozener, D.J. Mencin, A. Dogru, S. Ergintav, Z. Cakir, A. Aytun, B. Aktug, O. Yilmaz, W. Johnson, and G.S. Mattioli (2016), Seventy-two years of Surface Creep on the North Anatolian fault at Ismetpasa: Implications for the southern San Andreas and Hayward faults, SCEC 2016 Annual Meeting, Palm Springs, CA, Sept. 11-14, 2016. ● Charlevoix, D., B. Pratt-Sitaula, B. Douglas, B. Walker, K. Shervais (2016), Data-rich societally-relevant undergraduate teaching resources for geoscience classrooms and field courses, Earth Educators Rendezvous, Madison, WI, 18-22 July. ● Charlevoix, D., (2106), Inreach, outreach and upreach: Exploring possibilities for broader impacts with a Subduction Zone Observatory, The Subduction Zone Observatory (SZO) Workshop, Boise, ID, 29 September - 1 October. ● Dahlman, L., P. Lewis, M. Mooney, S. E. Olds, D. Zalles (2016), Educator's Workshop: Testing & Polishing STEM Activities for Recreational Drones, Federation of Earth Science Information Partners Summer Meeting, Durham, NC, 19-22 July. ● Gross, M. B., Rowan, L. R., Mayernik, M. S., Krafft, D. B., Daniels, M. D., (2016, September). Semantic Software, Persistent IDs and Controlled Vocabularies for Geoscience Metadata. Poster presented at the Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, CO ● Gross, M. Benjamin, Rowan, Linda R., Mayernik, Matthew S., Daniels, Michael D., Khan, Huda, Krafft, Dean B., (2016, August). Connect UNAVCO, a VIVO for a scientific community. Talk presented at the VIVO Conference, Denver, CO. doi:10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.3701292.V3 ● Mattioli, G.S. and P.E. Jansma (2016), Primer on geodesy and seismology for gifted high-school students in Colorado: examples and applications to tectonics and geohazards, Colorado Student Leadership Institute (COSLI) 2016, CU Denver, Denver, CO, July 14, 2016. ● Mattioli, G.S. (2016), Geodetic Infrastructure on Volcanoes - Support by the GAGE Facility, National Academy of Sciences Workshop on Improving Understanding of Volcanic Eruptions, Washington, DC, August 17-19, 2016. ● Mattioli, G.S. (2016), The EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory in AK: History, Current Status, Capabilities, and Future Directions, USGS Alaska Earthquake Working Group Meeting, PMEL, Seattle, WA, June 29, 2016 (not reported in Y3Q3 report). Talk presented via WebEx. ● Mayernik, M., Allison, J., Cully, L., Daniels, M., Loehrer, S., Maull, K., Trimarchi, M., Stott, D., Wright, M., Rowan, Linda R., Boler, F., Gross, M. B., Meertens, C., Krafft, D., Johns, E,, Khan, H., Payette, S. (2016, July). EarthCollab: Enabling Scientific Collaboration and Discovery through Semantic Connections. Poster presented at the EarthCube 2016 All Hands meeting in Denver CO. ● Mayernik, M. S., Gross, M. B., Corson-Rikert, J., Daniels, M. D., Johns, E. M., Khan, H., Maull, K., Rowan, L. R., Stott, D. (2016). Building Geoscience Semantic Web Applications Using Established Ontologies. Data Science Journal, 15. doi:10.5334/dsj-2016-011 ● Meertens, C. and M. M. Miller (2016), International Collaborations in Geodesy Advancing

Geoscience Research: Earth’s response to loads, oral presentation at the WEGENER 18th General Assembly, Azores, Portugal. 12-15 2016. ● Miller, M.M. and UNAVCO staff (2016), The Future of Geodesy in a Subduction Zone Observatory, The Subduction Zone Observatory (SZO) Workshop, Boise, ID, 29 September - 1 October. ● Mooney, M., L. Dahlman, S. E. Olds, P. Lewis, E. Robinson, R. Fowler (2016), ESIP Education Initiatives, Earth Educators Rendezvous, Madison, WI, 18-22 July. ● Moore, S. C., S. E. Olds, S. Baker, D. Charlevoix (2016), Producing an Information Graphic on Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) for a Broad Audience, GSA Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, 25-28 September. ● Olds, S. E. (2016), Using Recreational UAVs (Drones) for STEM Activities and Science Fair Projects, National Science Teacher Association 5th Annual STEM Forum & Expo, Denver, Colorado, 27–29 July ● Phillips, D.A., C. Meertens, D. Mencin, C. Puskas, K. Hodgkinson and F. Boler (2016), GNSS Data and Derived Products from the EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) and Other Regional Networks: Spanning the Geodetic Temporal Spectrum from High-Rate Real-Time Data Streams to Decadal Time Series, oral presentation at 2016 AOGS Annual Meeting, Beijing, China, 31 July 2016. ● Phillips, D.A., C. Meertens, D. Mencin, C. Puskas, K. Hodgkinson and F. Boler (2016), From Decadal Time Series to High Rate Real-Time Data Streams: The Temporal Spectrum of GNSS Data and Products from UNAVCO and the EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO), oral presentation at the 56th Meeting of the Civil GPS Service Interface Committee (CGSIC) at the Institute of Navigation (ION) GNSS+ 2016 Conference, in the Surveying, Mapping and Geosciences Subcommittee session, Portland, Oregon, 11 September 2016. ● Pratt-Sitaula, B. (2016), Data-rich societally-relevant undergraduate teaching resources for geoscience classrooms and field courses, GSA Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, 25-28 September. ● Rowan, L. R., Borsa, A., Crowell, B., Braun, J.J., LaBrecque, J., and Viereck, R., (2016, September). UNAVCO’s Role in Natural Hazards Preparedness, Response and Mitigation. Talk presented at the Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, CO. doi: 10.1130/abs/2016AM-281052 ● Rowan, L. R. (2016, September). Benefits of a Semantic Web. Talk presented at the Association of Earth Science Editors Annual Meeting, Boulder, CO. ● Rowan, L. R., Boler, F., Meertens, C. S., (2016, September). Geodetic Data in Natural Hazards Preparedness, Response and Mitigation. Poster presented at SciDataCon 2016 in Denver CO. ● Russo-Nixon, K., H. Thiry, A. Morris, D. Charlevoix, P. Shabram (2016), Geo-Launchpad: Preparing Colorado Community College Students for Geoscience-Focused Careers, GSA Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, 25-28 September. ● Walls, C., D. Mann, R.C. Turner, A. Basset, S. Lawrence, K. AUstin, S.T. Dittmann, K. Feaux, and G.S. Mattioli (2016), The California Plate Boundary Observatory GPS-GNSS Network, SCEC 2016 Annual Meeting, Palm Springs, CA, Sept. 11-14, 2016. ● Whitmeyer, S., J. Elkins, D. Charlevoix (2016), Field Camp for a Technological World Panel Discussion, Earth Educators Rendezvous, Madison, WI, 18-22 July.

1.2.5 GAGE Facility Products

UNAVCO supports community science and education through the development of products available via the UNAVCO website and Knowledgebase (Table 111). Products are publically available and accessed by community members as well as the general public.

Table 1-1. GAGE Facility products. GAGE FACILITY PRODUCTS GAGE Y3Q4 Datasets Published by DOI 64 Knowledge Base Documents Created 10 Knowledge Base Documents Updated 79 Highlights Published 6

Science Snapshots Published 2

UNAVCO Program Highlights are featured on the homepage of the UNAVCO website and provide summaries of UNAVCO activities, technology, engineering, education, and support. Six Highlights were published in GAGE Y3Q4. A short description follows each Highlight title. ● Station Recovery in Haiti. From July 10th through July 17th, work to upgrade and restore communications for COCONet cGPS stations CN09 and JME2 in Haiti. ● Join UNAVCO at GSA 2016. Information about UNAVCO’s exhibit booth, short courses and staff presentations at the annual GSA Conference in Denver, CO September 25-28, 2016 ● Giving Back to Schools in California. In the first week of April 2016, UNAVCO staff visited four of these host schools near Ventura, California to meet with students ranging from fourth graders to community college students. ● Summer 2016 Interns Wrap-up. Information on the 2016 internships of RESESS, Geo-Launchpad and the UNAVCO Student Internship Program (USIP) ● Middle School Girls Learn About Geodesy at Mount St. Helens. UNAVCO support of a five-day field camp for middle school girls on Mount St. Helens, in collaboration with the USGS and the Mount St. Helens Institute, in August 2016. ● UNAVCO Staff Member Receives Prestigious USGS Award. UNAVCO Project Manager John Galetzka was a recipient of the 2016 John Wesley Powell Award, a national service award given by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

1.2.6 Broader Impacts for Community, Governance and Management

UNAVCO Websites. The UNAVCO websites are managed by the Web Team (Web Editor in Chief and Web Administrators), Section Editors, and subject matter experts who contribute web content. Content for the seven main sections of the primary UNAVCO website (Community, Projects, Instrumentation, Data, Software, Science, and Education) are the responsibility of seven Section Editors.

As part of our Web Integration project, our goal is to retire pbo.unavco.org and facility.unavco.org, once all dynamic content and applications have been migrated to www.unavco.org. In the interim, URL redirects to pbo.unavco.org in order to bring its content and applications into the www.unavco.org namespace in a virtual manner. Due to our Knowledge Base’s migration last quarter, facility.unavco.org is publicly online temporarily in order to redirect to the old Knowledge Base URLs to the new www.unavco.org/kb namespace.

We monitor user activity of the new integrated site to measure the usage and understanding of the new information architecture and to track broken links from outside parties. These insights enable us to provide iterative improvements to promote better site accessibility for all users. Updates focused on modernization of the Web Infrastructure, including IT infrastructure, server and application software, review of best practices for building and maintaining this infrastructure, and virtualization and standardization.

The UNAVCO websites are a key resource for both the UNAVCO community and as a tool to reach beyond to educators and the general public (Table 12A). The GAGE Facility also provides infrastructure and maintenance support to websites for the Research Experiences in Solid Earth Science for Students (RESESS) and Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network (COCONet) programs. TABLE 12B shows the activity for individual domains UNAVCO is responsible for maintaining.

Table 1-2A. Quarterly activity for the primary UNAVCO websites. Number of users: quantifies the number of different site visitors. Session: the period time a user is actively engaged with our website. Users are

those that have had at least one session within the past quarter (includes both new and returning users). Pageviews: the total number of pages viewed; repeated views of a single page are counted.

WEBSITE IMPACTS GAGE Y3Q4

Number of Users 50,632

Number of Sessions 79,138

Page Views 190,066

Table 1-2B. Breakdown of Table 1-2A by third order domain. Note that these metrics will change in future reports with the reconfiguration of the web site. NUMBER OF NUMBER OF WEBSITE PAGE VIEWS USERS SESSIONS Y3Q4 www.unavco.org 47,075 73,784 178,147 Y3Q4 pbo.unavco.org 582 1,444 4,318 Y3Q4 resess.unavco.org 1,815 2,449 4,954 Y3Q4 coconet.unavco.org 1,160 1,461 2,647

UNAVCO Outreach and Broader Impacts. The reach of UNAVCO activities and supported research extends well beyond the core activities of staff. Outreach activities are conducted by staff throughout the entire UNAVCO organization including Geodetic Infrastructure (GI) and Geodetic Data Services (GDS) and UNAVCO-developed resources are used by teachers, researchers and the general public nationally and around the world. Of note this quarter is the participation by community members - largely graduate students - in short courses. Seven short courses were conducted reaching 199 participants, 44% of whom were graduate students. Short course topics included InSAR processing (2 courses), TLS and Structure from Motion for research and teaching (4 courses, 1 joint with NEON), and science communication (joint with SCEC and IRIS).

Table 1-3. Metrics for activities led by all UNAVCO Programs (GI, GDS, ECE). OUTREACH: ACTIVITIES (QTY) GAGE Y3Q4 Short Courses 7 Education Workshops and Outreach Events 14 Internship Programs 0

Table 1-4. Number of people reached through the activities identified in Table 1-3, organized by audience. Researchers and research faculty include nonteaching faculty and researchers; college and university faculty include tenure and nontenure track faculty. Other Professionals include anyone participating in activities for professional growth and development, who do not fall into one of the other professional categories. Examples of Other Professionals include Emergency Managers, Park Interpreters, Federal Agency staff, and Sponsors, among others. Large event visitors are individuals visiting museum displays and conference exhibit booths.

OUTREACH: INDIVIDUALS REACHED (QTY) GAGE Y3Q4

Researchers + Research Faculty 45 University + College Faculty 54 Post-docs 10

Graduate Students 258 Undergraduate Students 28 Public / K-12 Students 104 K-12 Faculty 40 Other Professionals 74 Large Event visitors 30,400

2. Geodetic Infrastructure Program

2.1 OVERVIEW

This UNAVCO program integrates all geodetic infrastructure and data acquisition capabilities for continuously operating observational networks and shorter term deployments. Supported activities include development and testing, advanced systems engineering, the construction, operation, and maintenance of permanent geodetic instrument networks around the globe, and engineering services tailored to PI project requirements. The GI program coordinates closely with Geodetic Data Services program (Section 3) to assure the highest standards of data quality control, integrity of metadata, ease and transparency of data access for the UNAVCO user community, and to provide appropriate and timely metrics on data usage for sponsors. Major projects currently supported by the GI program include the 1,132 station Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) core and affiliated stations, Polar networks in Greenland and Antarctica (GNET and ANET, together known as POLENET), COCONet spanning the Caribbean plate and its boundaries, the multidisciplinary AfricaArray, and several other smaller continuously observing geodetic networks. One important milestone this quarter was that UNAVCO operations and management (O&M) support surpassed support of 900 cGPS stations globally in 63 different networks installed in support of PI projects.

The GI program provides engineering services to individual PIs for shorter term GPS and TLS projects, and other investigator-led data acquisition that had been previously managed by the UNAVCO Facility. While a large share of GI resources in GAGE are tied to ongoing O&M of the PBO, GGN, and POLENET continuous GPS (cGPS) networks and ongoing support to PI projects, two key areas for enhancement were identified through community input and delineated in the GAGE proposal: ● The continued upgrade of PBO to high rate (>1 Hz), low latency (<1 s), well-hardened sites in order to support research activities related to dynamic fault rupture and volcanic eruption processes and for early detection of earthquake and volcano hazards and risk mitigation. ● Continued evaluation for the upgrade of all GPS receiver pools for implementation of full GNSS capability.

Both of these tasks build on the specific recommendations of the Committee on National Requirements for Precision Geodetic Infrastructure [NRC, 2010]. The evaluation and selection of a new UNAVCO GAGE Facility preferred vendor for new multi-constellation GNSS instrument was completed during GAGE Y2 with new GNSS instruments procured and deployed throughout in Y3.

In GAGE Y3Q4, GI and other UNAVCO staff were busy completing the final report to NSF for “Community Workshop: COCONet – Results, Sustainability, and Capacity Building,” which occurred as planned from May 35, 2016 in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. The final report, which included feedback from the participants, was edited by GI Director Mattioli and PBO Ops Manager Feaux, and was submitted to NSF through research.gov as an Interim Project Report on August 8, 2016. The English language version of the

report has been posted to the UNAVCO and COCONet websites and currently is being translated into Spanish for broader distribution throughout the COCONet community.

The primary focus of the GI group during GAGE Y3Q4 has been on the crafting the UNAVCO response to the NGEO Facility solicitation from NSF. The NGEO Facility will follow on at the close of the GAGE Facility in 2018. The GI Director and senior Project Managers in the GI group, developed strawman budgets and preliminary ideas during GAGE Y3Q3, which were then reviewed by the GI Advisory Committee, two ad hoc committees empaneled by the UNAVCO Board of Directors, and the BoD itself during its June meeting. In Y3Q4, these initial plans were refined, edited, and amended and an initial draft of the GI group NGEO Facility plan for Foundational and Frontier activities as outlined in the NSF solicitation was completed on Oct. 21, 2016 for review by an external committee.

All 100 Septentrio PolaRx5 instruments ordered by UNAVCO for deployment in PBO were received by UNAVCO by the close of GAGE Y3. Instruments were tested prior to deployment. PBO GPS Ops staff continued to implement the station plan for deployment of the new PolaRx5 instruments. The initial plan has been guided by feedback from the GI Director and the GI AC recommendations and will focus on installing the new multi-constellation GNSS instruments at PBO stations that already have broadband GNSS LNA and elements in existing choke ring antennas. The goal was to deploy all 100 new instruments by the close of GAGE Y3. As of the time of this Y3Q4 report, 71 instruments are now in service and delivering multi-constellation GNSS data to the UNAVCO archive. A beta version of the next major firmware release (v5.1), which incorporates BINEX along with “archival quality data streaming” was delivered to the GAGE Facility D&T team in Y3Q4 for evaluation. Several issues have been identified and UNAVCO staff are working cooperatively with Septentrio engineers to remediate the issues. We anticipate that the final version of v5.1 will be released in Y4Q1; at which time, the deployed PBO PolaRx5 base will be upgraded and BINEX and archival quality streaming will be implemented.

At the close of Y3Q4, the GI group headcount is now 40 with 38.75 FTE, a reduction of 1.0 FTE from Y3Q3, as a result of a PBO field engineer voluntarily separating from UNAVCO. At this time, there is no intention to backfill this position with a new hire and O&M tasks have been assigned to the remaining PBO GPS Ops team.

A summary of the important GI support metrics for the quarter is shown below in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1. Geodetic infrastructure metrics for GAGE. GEODETIC INFRASTRUCTURE METRICS: SUMMARY OF KEY METRICS GAGE Y3Q4 PI Projects & Proposals Supported: NSF-EAR, NSF-Other (Qty) 16 PI Projects & Proposals Supported: NSF-PLR (Qty) 8 PI Projects & Proposals Supported: Other Community (Qty) 12 Permanent Stations Supported: NSF-EAR and Community, PBO and Related (Qty) 2181 Permanent Stations Supported: NSF-PLR (Qty) 130 Permanent Stations Supported: NASA GGN (Qty) 59 PI PROJECTS SUPPORTED (QTY) GAGE Y3Q4 GPS NSF-EAR 5 GPS NSF-Other 2 GPS Other Community 5 GPS NSF-PLR Arctic 1 GPS NSF-PLR Antarctic 1 TLS NSF-EAR 1 TLS NSF-Other 2

TLS Other Community 4 TLS NSF-PLR Arctic 0 TLS NSF-PLR Antarctic 0 PI PROPOSALS SUPPORTED (QTY) GAGE Y3Q4 GPS NSF-EAR 3 GPS NSF-Other 2 GPS Other Community 3 GPS NSF-PLR Arctic 3 GPS NSF-PLR Antarctic 3 TLS NSF-EAR 1 TLS NSF-Other 0 TLS Other Community 0 TLS NSF-PLR Arctic 0 TLS NSF-PLR Antarctic 0 UNIQUE PI's SUPPORTED (QTY) GAGE Y3Q4 GPS NSF-EAR: Projects and Proposals 8 GPS NSF-Other: Projects and Proposals 4 GPS Other Community: Projects and Proposals 6 GPS NSF-PLR Arctic: Projects and Proposals 1 GPS NSF-PLR Antarctic: Projects and Proposals 1 TLS NSF-EAR: Projects and Proposals 2 TLS NSF-Other: Projects and Proposals 2 TLS Other Community: Projects and Proposals 4 TLS NSF-PLR Arctic: Projects and Proposals 0 TLS NSF-PLR Antarctic: Projects and Proposals 0 PERMANENT STATIONS O&M (QTY) GAGE Y3Q4 GPS NSF-EAR and Community 840 GPS NSF-PLR Arctic 54 GPS NSF-PLR Antarctic 76 GPS NASA GGN 59 PBO GPS 1132 PBO Borehole Seismometers 79 PBO Borehole Strainmeters 75 PBO Shallow Borehole Tiltmeters 26 PBO Pore Pressure Sensors 23 PBO Long Baseline Laser Strainmeters 6 POOL EQUIPMENT (QTY & UTILIZATION) GAGE Y3Q4 GPS NSF-EAR (# Receivers in Pool) 694 GPS NSF-EAR (Average % Utilization) 82% GPS NSF-EAR (Peak % Utilization) 84% GPS NSF-PLR Arctic (# Receivers in Pool) 124 GPS NSF-PLR Arctic (Average % Utilization) 50% GPS NSF-PLR Arctic (Peak % Utilization) 52%

GPS NSF-PLR Antarctic (# Receivers in Pool) 214 GPS NSF-PLR Antarctic (Average % Utilization) 48% GPS NSF-PLR Antarctic (Peak % Utilization) 53% GPS Systems Repaired (UNAVCO & Community) 55 TLS (# Scanners in Pool) 7 DEVELOPMENT & TESTING (QTY) GAGE Y3Q4 D&T Projects Worked 9 D&T Projects Completed 1

2.2 COMMUNITY AND CONTINUOUSLY OBSERVING NETWORKS

2.2.1 Plate Boundary Observatory and Related Projects

UNAVCO operated and maintained the following instruments this period as part of the PBO network: ● 1132 permanent GPS stations (1,100 PBO core, 32 affiliated) ● 76 borehole strainmeters (74 PBO core, 1 NSF Continental Dynamics, 1 CO2 Storage ) ● 79 borehole seismometers (78 PBO core, 1 NSF Continental Dynamics) ● 23 borehole pore pressure sensors ● 26 shallow borehole tiltmeters ● 6 long baseline laser strainmeters ● 145 meteorological stations (118 core, 27 NOAA) ● 684 real-time streaming GPS stations (approximate total including ~615 PBO Core/Cascadia, 15 TLALOCNet, 51 COCONet, 1 in Nepal, 2 in Tanzania)

2.2.1.1 cGPS Network During GAGE Y3Q4, the PBO GPS and Related Networks Group completed a number of tasks in support of the primary goal of maintaining the PBO GPS network at a high level of performance. The work involved upgrading radio networks to provide high rate, real-time, multi-constellation GNSS data streams. Engineers also focused on upgrading PBO stations, replacing Trimble NetRS (GPS-only) receivers with Septentrio PolaRx5 (multi-constellation GNSS) receivers. During Y3Q4, helicopter-assisted maintenance in Alaska was completed on-schedule and within budget. Lastly, UNAVCO engineers began the preparation for a station installation on Scorpion Reef in the Gulf of Mexico, the last scheduled cGPS-Met station in the construction phase of the COCONet project.

Figure 2-1. GPS uptime time series for PBO network from April 2009 through September 2016.

Other highlights from the GPS Ops group during GAGE Y3Q4 include:

● The 1,100 station core PBO GPS network uptime percentage for the month of September was 91.6%. For Y3Q4, the mean network uptime percentage was 87.4% and for the project since inception is 94.4%. We note that there is now an indication that deferred O&M has started to negatively impact PBO uptime from a peak in 2012 (see Figure 2-1). The GAGE Y4 budget for PBO GPS Ops was reduced from Y3, so this reduction in uptime may continue through GAGE Y4. ● During GAGE Y3Q4, there were 185 PBO GPS site visits, resolving 459 GPS maintenance issues during 279 engineer days in the field. An additional 21 days of engineer travel was for attendance at required meetings and training. Other PBO GPS Operations staff travel included activities related to Rio Grande Rift network support (3 days), and assistance with TLALOCNet station deployment and maintenance (36 days). ● Engineers continued to deploy Septentrio PolaRx5’s throughout the region (network). To date, 71 PolarRx5 receivers have been installed, tracking all possible constellations and logging standard PBO data files. These include stations upgraded as part of an MOU with Oregon Department of Transportation. ● The SW region and the GDS IT group coordinated on configuring a replacement server at USGS Menlo Park, which provides communications for the USGS Bay Area 7-station radio network. The enhanced capabilities will facilitate GNSS streaming and RTX positions to be ingested directly by the USGS for earthquake early warning system testing. The server will be installed early in Y4Q1. ● In August, UNAVCO engineers from the PBO East Region modernized communications backhauls at several locations around the Greater Yellowstone region to improve data latency and station uptime.

● UNAVCO staff in Alaska wrapped up the summer field season with work on the Seward Peninsula and Interior Alaska. Telemetry upgrades on both Augustine Volcano and Mount Susitna networks were also completed. ● UNAVCO field engineers completed radio network repairs on Mount St Helens in WA and the Steens Mt. in Oregon over a 7 day period. A high-speed backhaul link was repaired substantially increasing the bandwidth of one of the radio networks on the mountain. Radio antennas were hardened and equipment was treated with icephobic paint to help reduce rime ice build-up in the winter. Similar repairs were made to the radio tower on Steens Mt, adding ice shields and repairing damage from falling ice. ● TLALOCNet engineers finalized dataflow and real-time data streams for the retrofitted station GUAX, the 24th and final cGPS station completed as part of the construction phase of the TLALOCNet project. ● TLALOCNet engineers continued routine maintenance at stations in northwestern Mexico to prepare for the North American Monsoon. PBO engineers also began planning and permitting for a GPS-Met station on Scorpion Reef off the north tip of the Yucatan Peninsula, the last COCONet site to be constructed.

2.2.1.2 Borehole Geophysics

The Borehole Geophysics group continued to maintain the borehole strainmeter sensors in PBO with an operational status of nearly 94% project to date, with an operational status of 89.7% in GAGE Y3Q4. The PBO BSM network continues to function at a very high level. At the same time, UNAVCO led the installation of a new borehole strainmeter, AVN2, in Oklahoma, to support a DOE-funded project to examine carbon sequestration injection wells. The PBO borehole seismic network continues to perform above the design metric with 93.5% uptime this quarter. Internal dataflow systems continue to be hardened and virtualized. Tiltmeters have recovered to above the target uptime metric.

Table 2-2. PBO borehole geophysics network uptime over Y3Q4. Borehole Strainmeter Seismic Tiltmeter Number of stations 75 79 26 Uptime Sep. 2016 89.9% 93.5% 92.6% Uptime Q4 FY2016 90.5% 93.5% 93.5%

Figure 2-2. PBO seismic network uptime time series from April 2009 through September 2016.

Figure 2-3. PBO Borehole strainmeter network uptime time series from April 2009 through September 2016.

Figure 2-4. PBO tiltmeter network uptime time series from July 2012 through September 2016. Tiltmeter network status is tracked on a quarterly basis. Note the recovery in uptime during GAGE Y3Q4.

Other highlights from the BSM group during GAGE Y3Q4 include:

● BSM field engineers resolved 50 PBO BSM maintenance issues with 48 field days in Y3Q4. ● Drilled, logged, and installed strainmeter AVN2 in Oklahoma for the DOE. The station is online and collecting good quality data. This project took 18 field days from BSM engineers plus 9 days from other UNAVCO staff who assisted during the installation. ● Annual totals for FY2016 are 210 BSM issues resolved over 176 O&M field days. Additionally, 107 days were spent finalizing the new GTSM installations in Turkey and Oklahoma, and 44 days on PBO GPS fieldwork. ● Five of the six GeoGONAF strainmeters are now collecting data and with established communications. The remaining site, SIV1, still requires power infrastructure, which will be supplied by our Turkish collaborators, before it can begin recording data. Delays related to the recent political turmoil and civil unrest in Turkey are expected to impact this remaining work. ● Worked with GTSM Technologies to secure additional spare parts before they shut down their operations. Additionally, planned a training class with Mick Gladwin at UNAVCO so that BSM engineers will be able to perform some in-house diagnostics and repairs of failed GTSM parts. This training is scheduled for Q1 2017. ● BSM Ops staff assisted Evelyn Roeloffs (USGS) with a Geogirls event at Mt St Helens Science and Learning center. The event was a field trip to the Coldwater BSM site to show students real-time seismic data, discuss drilling, site geology, examine a borehole log and select an install zone, and to discuss communications and power options. ● BSM Ops staff also worked with Evelyn Roeloffs on prioritizing the importance of individual BSM stations.

● Continued efforts to diagnose reparability and improve data quality issues at BSM stations. This included collecting resistance and capacitance measurements on downhole instruments at 31 stations. These data will be used to distinguish irreparable downhole failures from potentially resolvable issues. ● The strainmeter at B206 has not recorded valuable data in several years, and will be decommissioned in GAGE Y4.

Planned activities for GAGE Y4Q1 include: ● GTSM system diagnosis and repair training with Mick Gladwin of GTSM Technologies in Y4Q1. ● Continued efforts to improve data quality at poorly performing BSM sites.

2.2.1.3 Long Baseline Laser Strainmeter Subaward: UC San Diego

For data that were delivered in GAGE Y3Q4 to UNAVCO, PBO Long baseline laser strainmeter (LSM) network data quality were good overall; however, the performance of the six instruments this period was compromised by an unusual number of commercial-systems failures. Many of these were laser problems, associated with their now familiar shortened lifetimes, but other issues arose from extremely hot, summer weather conditions. These issues led to the need for a large number of field servicing trips by UCSD personnel to limit the resulting down-time from these outages, and thus has led to the lower than normal performance metrics for many instruments shown in Table 2-3. Data processing, products and interpretation are discussed in section 3.3.2.

Table 2-3. LSM instrument performance metrics (percentage of data recorded at each site) this period.

CHL1 CHL2 DHL1 DHL2 SCS1 SCS2 Network Average

2016-07 57% 99% 99% 88% 86% 98% 88%

2016-08 76% 100% 81% 100% 100% 99% 93%

2016-09 76% 88% 87% 98% 99% 99% 91%

2.2.1.4 PBO Network Data Return and Data Quality

The PBO network data return target is 85% for all data types except for tiltmeters, for which data return is on a best effort basis. The summary for all PBO sensor types is shown in Table 2-4. The time series for data return percentage during the GAGE period is shown in Figure 2-5. This period, all PBO data types met or exceeded the data return target.

Table 2-4. PBO network cumulative data return percentage for quarter and since beginning of GAGE. Borehole Laser Pore Period Target GPS Seismic Strainmeter Strainmeter Tiltmeter Pressure GAGE Y3Q4 85% 95% 98% 98% 99% 86% 97% Cumulative since 85% 96% 99% 99% 100% 91% 94% 2013-10

Figure 2-5. PBO network data return percentage from 01 October 2013 through 30 September 2016.

PBO network data return and data quality notes this period:

● Borehole Strain. The strainmeter network passed the data quality metrics criteria during GAGE Y3Q4: 80% of the network strainmeters are recording compression over the previous 12 months. 75% were relatively free of problematic steps and 96% recorded a strong M2 tide on two or more gauges. These percentages are similar to previous quarters in GAGE Y1-3. Five BSM sites failed the requirement to record teleseismic shear: B006 in the Pacific Northwest, B076 and B078 in Parkfield, B206 in Yellowstone and B045 in Mendocino. B206 and B045 were offline through GAGE Y3Q4 and this caused failure for all data quality metrics at these stations.

● Pore pressure. The overall pass rate for the data quality metric was 91% for Y3Q4, which is similar to previous quarters in GAGE Y1-3. The metric is based on the ability of the sensor to track barometric pressure signals. Two instruments failed to track barometric pressure changes, B001 in Washington State and B087 in the Anza region of California. B001 often fails this metric, there is hydrological pumping nearby. B087 has also failed the metric before though the data seem to be of good quality, the sensor does track the Earth tide signal. It is possible there is a problems with the barometer at this site.

● Tilt. The data quality pass rate for the tiltmeters for Y3Q4 was 85%, which is a high pass rate for this instrument set. By comparison the pass rates for Y3Q2 and Y3Q3 were 62% and 69%, respectively. Sufficient data were collected from all tiltmeters in Alaska and Yellowstone to assess the performance of each instrument in these regions. Tiltmeter AV29 on Westdahl, which had failed the data quality metric repeatedly in previous years, continues to return good quality data following site maintenance there in June 2016. P691, P693 and P698 on Mt St Helens remain offline.

The number and type of data quality metrics vary by data type. The summary for all PBO sensor types is

shown in Table 2-5. In GAGE Y3Q4, all PBO data types exceeded data quality metric targets except for LSM because of the issues discussed in section 2.2.1.3.

Table 2-5. Network performance metrics for PBO: data quality. PBO NETWORK PERFORMANCE: DATA QUALITY (Pass/Fail) GAGE Y3Q4 PBO GPS PASS PBO Borehole Strainmeters PASS PBO Shallow Borehole Tiltmeters PASS PBO Pore Pressure Sensors PASS PBO Long Baseline Laser Strainmeters FAIL

2.2.1.5 Real-time GPS Network Operations

The average completeness across the UNAVCO RT-GPS network was 84% for Y3Q4, higher than observed for Y3Q3 (76%). Moreover, this improvement also reflects the addition of ~200 sites in California with good communications. Upper quartile latencies were lower throughout Y3Q4 than previous quarters, this is also a result of the inclusion of the new and relatively more robust California sites. Completeness and latency were worse in the Mendocino region, which we believe is a result of older communications hardware used to backhaul data from these stations(Table 2-6, Figure 2-6A and B).

Table 2-6. Real-time GPS network completeness and latency for GAGE Y3Q4. Month Number of Sites Network Median 25% (ms) 75% (ms) Completeness (%) Latency (ms) 2016 07 680 86 205 144 442 2016 08 680 84 183 134 352 2016 09 664 81 176 128 316

* Latencies are based on sites online during the quarter.

Figure 2-6A. Real-time GPS latency during GAGE Y3Q4 plotted out to 1000 milliseconds.

Figure 2-6B. Real-time GPS median latencies across the western US during GAGE Y3Q4, based on July 2016 averages.

2.2.2 Field Support for the NASA GGN

UNAVCO, in collaboration with JPL, is responsible for the operations and maintenance of the 59 permanent GNSS stations that comprise the NASA Global GNSS Network (GGN) (Figure 2-7). UNAVCO staff monitor station network connections, ship new equipment to local station operators as necessary, and construct new permanent sites as directed by JPL. UNAVCO staff work closely with local collaborators at each station for the purposes of routine maintenance as well as troubleshooting when data flow is interrupted, and also to perform field maintenance and upgrades.

Eighty-eight receivers are monitored in the GGN, as 29 stations have multiple receivers connected to the same antenna; new multi-constellation receivers are run in tandem with GPS-only units. Currently, 58 GGN stations are fully operational and provide daily files to the geodetic user community. One station that is offline is awaiting a shipment of a new computer as well as resolution of a power issue. The other station that is currently offline has a degrading radio link and will soon receive new communications equipment. Local collaborators at both stations will conduct the necessary on-site maintenance when the new equipment arrives at the respective locations.

Figure 2-7. Operational state of the NASA GGN on October 1, 2016. Green indicates an operational station, orange indicates a one week or less interruption in computer connectivity, red indicates a 12 week interruption, and grey indicates a 3 week or longer interruption in data flow.

In GAGE Y3Q4, UNAVCO staff constructed a new continuously operating GNSS station at the NOAA

Fairbanks Command and Data Acquisition Station (FCDAS), Alaska. The new antenna monument is 100 feet due NW of existing GGN station FAIR, which has been operating at the site since 1991. The new receiver is housed with receivers FAIR, FAIV, and FAIC, and is networked via the existing station computer.

The addition of the new antenna and receiver will allow the long-running time series of FAIR to remain undisturbed, while augmenting the site with next generation, multi-GNSS capable equipment. The new antenna monument has 4-character ID GCGO and will contribute data to the GGN, and eventually the IGS.

The new monument is constructed with 6 inch diameter steel pipe that is grouted in bedrock to a depth of 60 feet. The pipe protrudes 5 feet above the ground surface, and is fitted with a self-leveling adapter to which the antenna is fixed (Figure 2-8).

The single-mast style mount was chosen in order to reach and anchor into competent bedrock, which begins at ~40 feet below the surface (Figure 2-9). Additional designs were also incorporated to help limit the near-surface effects of freeze-thaw action on the pipe, which should add additional stability to the monument and antenna.

Figure 2-8. Professional drillers were contracted to drill the ~60 foot deep hole, and then to place and grout the steel pipe into the ground as the monument for the new station GCGO. Original monument for FAIR is to the left in the foreground. The hole for the GCGO monument is 10 inches in diameter, and required a full day to complete.

Figure 2-9. New monument GCGO is shown in foreground, surrounded by yellow bollards. The existing FAIR antenna is visible on the right. The receivers for both monuments (original FAIR monument is to the right) are housed in the blue building in the background. The large dish antenna also pictured in the background was part of NASA’s crustal dynamics project, but it ceased to operate in 2006.

GAGE Y3Q4 activities also included a new station computer installation at SUTH, in Sutherland, South Africa. The swap was completed by local collaborators and marked the removal of the last legacy rack-mounted machine left in the NASA GGN. All GGN stations are now networked via small, low power, mini-computers with modern operating systems. GGN computers are now replaced on an as-needed basis when hardware fails at any station, for example at station CGGN in Toro, Nigeria, which will have a new mini-computer installed by local collaborators when the new device clears customs in Y4Q1.

Lastly, UNAVCO has implemented a bandwidth monitoring method for tracking traffic to and from the GGN station computers throughout the network. Six new stations were set up to be monitored during GAGE Y3Q4. Both UNAVCO and JPL have access to the resulting detailed data plots, which have improved network monitoring to support optimization of station link performance.

NASA GGN Performance Metrics: Stations Monitored: 59; Receivers Monitored: 88; Troubleshoots: 172.

2.2.3 Polar Projects: POLENET

POLENET support is a year round effort for the UNAVCO Polar team. With telemetered cGPS networks in Greenland and Antarctica, the cycle of network monitoring, planning, preparation and fieldwork is continuous and ongoing. GAGE Y3Q4 GPS network activities for Polar Services were focused on managing data flow and QC for both ANET and GNET sites, as well as preparing for the Antarctic 2016-2017 field maintenance of ANET sites.

Figure 2-10. GNET station HJOR in Greenland. Photo by Thomas Nylen.

Unlike previous years, during GAGE Y3Q4, no 2016 GNET field season for site maintenance was undertaken due to NSF funding constraints. UNAVCO has been working with the NSF and other stakeholders to develop cost saving strategies, which will allow continued data flow during this interim period. As of the end of Y3Q4, 97% of the GNET network was telemetering data, which speaks to the resilience of GNET station design (Figure 2-10). The lack of GNET maintenance in 2016 is not a major risk to overall network performance for the year. A longer term lack of routine O&M may provide an opportunity to test the GNET’s ability to operate under the harsh Greenland conditions with reduced maintenance cycles. Iridium communication continues to provide state of health on a daily basis for all of the stations. Overall GNET data recovery, measured by data that reaches the UNAVCO archive, is currently at 89.9%. For monthly averages, see Figure 2-11. Overall the network is performing quite well. The stations are at a technically mature state and are proving robust and reliable. A map of the sites making up the Greenland POLENET network can be seen in Figure 2-12.

Figure 2-11. POLENET/GNET network status since inception. Solid red area shows the number of stations operating through time (42 at close of Y3Q4). Blue line shows percentage cumulative monthly data return.

Figure 2-12. GNET continuously operating GPS stations in Greenland shown as green dots.

During GAGE Y3Q4, ANET support efforts focused extensively on preparation for upcoming austral summer field maintenance as well as on data retrieval and archiving. By early in Y3Q4, polar support

engineers were already shipping materials and supplies for the upcoming 2016-2017 field maintenance field season. Currently 89% of ANET is telemetering data to UNAVCO. Built-in failover systems are expected to improve this number, as the ANET systems are designed with backup protocols that initiate after 30 days with no contact. While the severe Antarctic environment is particularly hard on the ANET installations, most data outages are related to satellite communications rather than station hardware failures, and the sites not telemetering data are often still operational and logging data (Figure 2-13). These data are either telemetered later (well after collection) or downloaded manually during Austral summer site visits. The total number of core ANET sites is currently 45. UNAVCO is preparing to decommission three sites this year as the project sunsets and rescopes.

Figure 2-13. ANET site BERP receives maintenance. Photo by Nicolas Bayou.

LARISSA (LARson Ice Shelf System), a sister network to POLENET, operating on the Antarctic Peninsula, maintains 10 additional cGPS stations. The LARISSA award has expired, and a plan is currently being formulated to decommission six sites located on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula. The sites on the eastern side will remain operational, pending the development of a new resource plan.

The average cumulative ANET data recovery, measured by data that reaches the UNAVCO archive, is currently at 88.9%. For monthly trends see Figure 2-14. Figure 2-15 shows the locations of the ANET network sites.

Figure 2-14. POLENET/ANET network status since inception. Solid red area shows the number of stations operating through time (45 at close of Y3Q4). Blue line shows monthly data return percentage.

Figure 2-15. Locations of ANET (green) and LARISSA (Orange) continuously operating GPS stations in Antarctica shown as green dots.

GNET Stations receiving field maintenance visits during GAGE Y3Q4: 0 26

ANET Stations receiving field maintenance visits during GAGE Y3Q4: 0

2.2.4 Network Engineering Support for Other Community GPS Networks

UNAVCO provides operations and management (O&M) support at various levels to PI cGPS networks. GAGE Y3Q4 activities included support to 840 cGPS stations in 60 different networks installed in support of various PI projects. This number has dropped since GAGE Y3Q3 because we have retired many stations that have not produced any data in the past 2 years. Many of the 840 cGPS stations continue to operate well beyond the original award period. The O&M support includes data downloads, state of health monitoring and reporting, resolving communications and equipment issues, shipping replacement equipment as needed, and working with PIs and local contacts to resolve problems. UNAVCO, working closely with PIs and their collaborators, provides this cGPS O&M support at three broad levels:

● High– UNAVCO provides centralized O&M support that may include retrieving the data, monitoring station data flow, and proactively responding to problems with data flow or station hardware. Problems are fixed remotely working with collaborators if necessary. If maintenance trips or materials are required for O&M, they are funded by the PI project. ● Medium– PI or collaborators download the data from the stations, monitor station data flow, and handle most problems themselves. UNAVCO provides engineering and technical support on a request basis. Any UNAVCO engineering maintenance trips and materials required for O&M are covered by the PI project. ● Low– UNAVCO provides only archiving support and a low level of technical support. UNAVCO does not monitor or download data from stations. UNAVCO provides engineering and technical support on a request basis.

The performance of each network varies greatly and primarily has to do with the method of data delivery and funding status or local support of the cGPS network. Networks with stations that are online, with data downloaded and archived by UNAVCO, and serviced by engaged local collaborators, typically show a higher data return than those that are manually downloaded. Networks with GPS receivers that are online typically return some or all data within the reporting period, typically in the 75-100% range. In contrast, networks that are in remote areas, not online, and are only downloaded infrequently, yield lower percentage or no recent data returned for any particular quarter. During GAGE Y3Q4, the average data return for NSF-EAR funded networks was at 61%. The overall average for all networks was higher at 68%.

2.3 PI PROJECT SUPPORT

Figure 2-16. cGPS and seismic network O&M on the flank of the Telica Volcano near Leon, Nicaragua.

2.3.1 EAR PI GPS Project Engineering and Equipment Support

UNAVCO provides state-of-the-art GNSS equipment and engineering services to PI projects. This includes project management (for both GNSS and TLS projects), planning, installation, operations and maintenance of continuous, permanent GPS/GNSS station networks around the globe. Engineers and technicians also undertake technology development, testing, and systems integration to support new project demands.

2.3.1.1 GPS PI Project Support

In GAGE Y3Q4, twelve PI projects (5 NSF-EAR, 2 NSF-Other, and 5 Community) were supported by UNAVCO (Figure 2-16). Staff was involved in proposal development, project planning, network design, monument design, equipment preparation and installation, and establishing real-time data flow. In addition, UNAVCO supported 8 new PI proposals (3 NSF-EAR, 2 NSF-Other, and 3 Community).

2.3.1.2 EAR GPS Instrument Pool

The GAGE Facility receiver pool consists of 694 GPS or GPS/GNSS capable receivers (Figure 2-17). The receiver pool consists of Trimble NetR9, NetRS and R7, Topcon GB1000, and Septentrio PolaRx5 and APS-RTK systems purchased by UNAVCO for use as both campaign instruments, project loans and to support specific NSF-EAR projects deployed in semi-permanent installations. GAGE Y3Q4 saw a continued high level of use of the UNAVCO receiver pool with an average of 82% and a peak of 84% (Figure 2-18).

Figure 2-17. UNAVCO NSF-EAR receiver pool inventory from 1 October 2003 through 1 October 2016. The metric reflects the number of receiver pool instruments. Note: the drop the number of units in 2006 is due the NSF-PLR pool no longer being included in this metric.

Figure 2-18. UNAVCO NSF-EAR receiver pool utilization from 1 October 2003 through 1 October 2016. The metric reflects the proportion of receiver pool instruments that are sourced out of the UNAVCO GeoLogistics Center and assigned to any project during any given week.

2.3.1.3 GPS Instrument Repairs

The GAGE Facility continues to be an authorized Trimble repair facility for the UNAVCO community. Since the introduction of the Trimble NetRS and now up to the recent release of Trimble’s latest GNSS product, the NetR9, the UNAVCO community has purchased thousands of receivers through the UNAVCO Community instrument purchase program. As part of this program, new receivers come with a five year warranty and the stipulation that repairs are handled by UNAVCO. This arrangement has brought the costs down for equipment purchases and further enables GPS instruments to be used for longer periods of time. During Y3Q4, UNAVCO processed 55 Return Merchandise Authorizations (RMAs). This includes repairs for GPS receivers, antennas, and surface meteorological packages. The repairs ranged from handling RMA submissions to vendors to board level repairs. An offsite contractor, managed by UNAVCO staff, is currently providing this PI support service. In addition, UNAVCO provides office support to collaborators who perform repairs to PI equipment in remote locations. These repairs usually consist of flashcard replacement in NetRS receivers and repairs or upgrades to antenna LNAs.

2.3.2 Polar Services

Figure 2-19. Arctic and Antarctic seasonal support frequently requires remote field travel. Bennett Nunataks, deep in the Antarctic interior. Photo by Nicolas Bayou 2016.

UNAVCO supports diverse science in the polar regions, including geodesy, geology, glaciology, volcanology, and work at the ocean-ice interface. PI support can require extensive field work, particularly in Antarctica, where travel and experiment logistics are challenging (Figure 2-19). The Polar Services FTE count is currently six, with five engineers and one project manager. This FTE level was reduced during during GAGE Y3Q3 when a staff member went on disability leave; we have since lost this Polar team technician after a protracted battle with cancer. All current team members provide direct support of fielded projects and participate in various stages of project planning and preparation for the polar project loads. Planning and support activities for the Arctic and Antarctic are ongoing year round, currently with significant overlap. In addition to network monitoring, UNAVCO engineers provided support to one Arctic PI project in GAGE Y3Q4 as we closed out the season in the north. In total, 22 Arctic projects received some level of UNAVCO support this year. While the Antarctic field season surge doesn’t get underway until GAGE Y4Q1, UNAVCO provides year round support to ANET and LARISSA, located on the Antarctic Peninsula, as discussed above. Access to the Antarctic Peninsula is viable almost continuously, so it is possible to work with PI projects in this region at almost any time. Early project starts are now more common for both the Arctic and the Antarctic. As projects grow larger, longer, and more complex, the Polar team at UNAVCO spends more time working on instrument preparation and PI planing for both hemispheres year round.

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) support is provided to PI teams in the Arctic and the Antarctic. UNAVCO engineers deploy both the longer-range Riegl VZ-2000 and a shorter range VZ-400 scanners for polar field applications (Figure 2-20). This suite of scanners enables a broad range of uses, including small scale volumetric estimates and surface change detection. There were no Polar TLS projects supported in GAGE Y3Q4.

The Polar team is preparing support for 26 field campaigns during the upcoming Antarctic field season, requiring UNAVCO engineers to travel into to remote locations across the Antarctic continent. Roughly 6,000 pounds of cargo has been prepped and shipped to McMurdo Station for the upcoming field season.

UNAVCO monitors and maintains several non-POLENET GPS networks in the Arctic and the Antarctic and also maintains GPS reference stations and forward deployed equipment at multiple locations. In the Arctic, these stations are at Barrow, Atqasuk, Toolik camps in Alaska and Summit Station in Greenland. In Antarctica, these are at three continuously operated US research stations: McMurdo Station, Palmer Station and the Amundsen Scott South Pole Station. These stations are used by up to fifteen additional science teams each year. Currently, there are 125 GPS receivers in the Arctic pool and 208 systems in the Antarctic pool. Many of these are deployed year round in support of continuous stations in Greenland and Antarctica.

Figure 2-20. Terrestrial Laser Scanning at the Taylor Glacier, Antarctica during the 2015-2016 season. Photo by Annie Zaino.

Polar Services manager provided supporting documents, including budgets and letters of support to 6 PIs submitting to the NSF solicitation for Arctic and Antarctic research opportunities as well as to NASA solicitations.

2.3.3 Geodetic Imaging (TLS)

Geodetic Imaging (TLS) activities during GAGE Y3Q4 included engineering support for PI projects, planning support for PI proposals, education and outreach, and resource development. Geodetic Imaging in the GI program is staffed at 0.25 FTE at the Project Manager II level, plus 0.5 FTE of a Technician I (GAGE supplemental funds, work currently be performed by an FE I). Field engineering support from the PI Projects groups varies as a function of TLS field project demand. In GAGE Y3Q4, a total of 8 TLS projects and proposals (2 NSF EAR, 2 NSF Other, 4 Other Community) were supported by the Geodetic Imaging program (Figure 2-21).

Figure 2-21. Number of TLS projects and proposals supported by UNAVCO through September 30, 2016. Note: this plot shows the number of projects per program year or partial year, including a transition from December end to September end during 2013.

To meet the needs of a diversifying TLS user community, UNAVCO is actively developing training resources and documentation to support Earth science TLS users. The TLS Knowledgebase provides resources with a focus on software tutorials and training: http://kb.unavco.org/kb/category/geodeticimaging/165/.

During GAGE Y3Q4, activities included efforts to maintain the TLS instrument pool. The VZ400-1 instrument underwent a RAM module replacement at the factory in Horn, Austria and has recently returned to UNAVCO, where it will be tested, calibrated, and put back into service. During GAGE Y3Q4, the responsibilities of the TLS technician I position were transitioned to a Field Engineer I, who will maintain the TLS instrument pool going forward for the remainder of GAGE. As part of this transition, the TLS instrument lab at the UNAVCO facility was also reorganized to create more workspace and scanner storage capacity.

Also during GAGE Y3Q4, UNAVCO Geodetic Imaging staff wrapped up support for a pair of GeoLaunchPad interns who worked on a TLS instrument range accuracy validation project. This work

followed the efforts of 2015 GLP interns, who initiated field experiments and completed some quantitative analysis on this topic.

At the September 2016 Geological Society of America Annual Meeting in Denver, the Geodetic Imaging program led two successful short courses: Introduction to Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Earth Science Research and Education, and Introduction to Structure from Motion (SfM) Photogrammetry for Earth Science Research and Education. Both courses were at maximum capacity, and featured a mix of students, faculty, and commercial sector geoscientists. Resources from the courses (lectures, exercises, etc) are available through the Geodetic Imaging section of the UNAVCO Knowledgebase: http://kb.unavco.org/kb/category/geodetic-imaging/165/.

In collaboration with UNAVCO ECE staff, the Using TLS and Structure from Motion (SfM) Photogrammetry in Undergraduate Field Education workshop (http://www.unavco.org/education/advancing-geodetic-skills/short-courses/2016/field-education/field-e ducation.html) at the Indiana University Geologic Field Station in Montana introduced geoscience field educators to curriculum materials related to integration of imaging technologies into educational settings. This workshop is based on experiences and resources developed during ongoing UNAVCO support for TLS in field camps and other field courses.

2.4 DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING

The GAGE Facility Development and Testing team is staffed by 2.75 FTE at the Project Manager III, Engineer III and Engineer II levels, and now also incorporates the PBO BSM and GPS testing efforts. Ad hoc contributions to individual D&T projects from other UNAVCO groups have been critical to the effort, with individuals participating in projects of direct interest to their operational needs. The ongoing development of teqc software and implementation of server-based real-time GPS positioning capabilities in close collaboration with GDS are important ongoing projects undertaken by D&T staff. Under guidance from the Development and Testing Product Council, the group’s activities continue to be oriented toward three important strategic goals: 1) development of battery monitoring tools, which can help realize economy and efficiency of field operations; 2) evaluation of cellular data communications systems suitable for use anywhere in the world; and 3) evaluation of real-time positioning methods, both receiver- and server-based, for use in earthquake early detection and other geohazard monitoring applications.

The D&T group continues to lead the effort of integrating the new PolaRx5 GNSS receiver into UNAVCO’s cGNSS networks. As we continue to collaborate with Septentrio on the prioritization and implementation of new features to the receiver’s firmware and configuration software, PolaRx5 receivers are now being routinely installed at PBO stations by field staff. 71 PolaRx5 receivers have been installed at PBO stations to date, with two failures having been reported in the process. The failures, one involving antenna power and the other exhibiting receiver clock irregularities, were investigated in collaboration with Septentrio, and found to have involved manufacturing irregularities. The units were repaired by Septentrio and returned to service, and additional quality controls put in place to avoid similar issues in the future.

Beta firmware with BINEX data logging capability, archival quality streaming (based on the linux “rsync” utility), and other new features was received at the end of Y3Q3 and evaluation and will be completed at the end of GAGE Y4Q1. BINEX implementation is essentially complete with final testing of streaming and message structure to be conducted early in Y4Q1. Our testing of BINEX indicate that its efficient file size will reduce bandwidth requirements for downloaded stations by a factor of 2 or more over the currently used Septentrio Binary Format (.sbf) files.

Using rsync-based Archival Quality Streaming, which ensures that a TCP/IP data stream will be complete by ensuring that any missing epochs are retrieved for a specified interval rather than downloading an entire hourly or daily data file in addition to catching a real-time stream, will further reduce needed bandwidth to transmit real-time GNSS observations. As shown in Figure 2-22 below, the interval at which

data streams are checked for completeness only slightly affects the bandwidth used, so data files can be generated as frequently as every 15 minutes without facing a penalty. While the implementation on the receiver side will be completed in the coming quarter, significant development effort, however, will be required by UNAVCO’s GDS group in order to implement Archival Quality Streaming and disable redundant hourly and daily file downloads from PBO and related networks.

Figure 2-22. Bandwidth usage showing sent, received, and total data volume used by Archival Quality Streaming as a function of rsync interval for a 1 sample per second GPS-only data stream. Using 15-minute sessions uses only 3% more bandwidth than a 6-hour rsync interval.

The D&T Performance Metric for Y3Q4 included nine Development and Testing Projects in progress, with one completed.

2.5 GI PROGRAM SUMMARY

This has been another busy quarter for the GI program. UNAVCO has now received 100 of the 100 production Septentrio PolaRx5 instruments for PBO, completed a rigorous pre-deployment testing regime for all of these instruments, and deployed 71 to date. We anticipate a final release of a major update to the PolaRx5 firmware in GAGE Y4Q1, which will allow BINEX streaming. After upgrading the firmware, the remaining instruments will be deployed across PBO. Significant progress was made toward completing all uphole infrastructure for 5 of 6 GeoGONAF BSM stations in Turkey. Data flow and data product generation are now fully implemented for 5 stations. During GAGE Y3Q3 and Y3Q4, civil unrest has been significant in Turkey, and our planned field activities were somewhat limited in Y3Q4, but nevertheless highly successful. COCONet and TLALOCNet construction is essentially complete with one remaining station in CCN and three additional stations (above the originally planned 37) to be installed in TLN during GAGE Y4Q1. A request for an NSF-approved NCE for COCONet was approved by NSF in GAGE Y3Q3. Residual funds, combined with a $94K Supplement to the GAGE Facility Cooperative Agreement for Y4 was intended to complete the remaining 4 installations and maintain data flow, archiving, and processing through August 2017. This plan was approved by the GAGE Program Officer and CCN Supplemental Funding of $94K was included in the GAGE Y4 annual funding increment, but the DACS Grants Officer has rescinded the $94K award. The GI Director intends to submit a new proposal during GAGE Y4Q1 or Y4Q2 to obtain necessary bridging funds for continued operation of CCN. At the close of Y3Q4, the GI group headcount was 40 with 38.75 FTE, down an additional 1.0 FTE relative to

GAGE Y3Q3, with the loss of a PBO engineer who voluntarily separated from UNAVCO. We do not anticipate hiring a replacement engineer at this time because of GAGE Y4 budget constraints.

3. Geodetic Data Services Program

3.1 OVERVIEW

The Geodetic Data Services (GDS) program manages a complex set of metadata and data flow operations providing a wide range of geodetic/geophysical observations to scientific and educational communities. Sensors currently include GPS (downloaded files and high rate data streaming in real time (RTGPS)), borehole geophysics instrumentation (strainmeters, tiltmeters, seismometers, accelerometers, pore pressure and meteorological sensors), long baseline laser strainmeters, and terrestrial laser scanners. Field data are acquired either from continuously operating sites or episodic “campaign” surveys conducted by the community. UNAVCO also acquires and distributes satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from foreign space agencies. GDS services include data operations (managing metadata; data downloading, ingesting and preprocessing); data products and services (generating processed results and QA/QC and stateofhealth monitoring); data management and archiving (distribution and curation); cyberinfrastructure; and information technology (systems and web administration). In order to perform this mission, GDS maintains a technical staff, onsite and offsite computer facilities with networking, servers and disc storage, and manages a number of subawards to university groups who provide additional products, software and training.

Some highlights of activities for the GAGE Y3Q4 quarter include: ● The ten GPS campaigns and 16 TLS campaigns were archived this period, and the total number of campaigns archived passed the 1,000 mark this quarter with the addition of the San Jacinto Fault campaign (Gareth Funning, University of California, Riverside). ● The total volume of data archived (all sensors) is now over 230 TB (including 9.8 TB of ALS data archived at OpenTopography/NCALM). ● The total volume of data delivered to users this quarter, 14.5 TB, was 9 TB less than last quarter despite a surge in high rate GPS delivery, due to lower SAR and GPS standard rate delivery volumes. Also, as was the case last quarter, the volume of deliveries this quarter was artificially low (probably by several TB’s) due to issues with tracking RT-GPS metrics. ● There were an estimated ~2,838 unique data users this quarter, ~ 100 fewer than last quarter but this number is artificially low, again due to issues with the collection of RT-GPS metrics. ● Ten custom requests for high rate GPS data downloads were supported this period. ● Three fully processed high rate (1 sps) borehole strainmeter data sets were generated in response to earthquakes in Oklahoma, South Georgia Island region and New Caledonia ● Improvements to the Iridium-based polar data download software and systems were completed with the final build out and configuration of a failover server. ● Four new GPS stations were added to the analysis stream this period, for a total of 1,919 included in the GAGE GPS Analysis Centers (ACs) and Analysis Center Coordinator (ACC) data products. ● The culmination of a multi-year effort to submit the PBO data processing manuscript to the journal Reviews of Geophysics was achieved in July 2016. Peer review resulted in a decision from the Editor in August of the paper being suitable for publication after minor revision, completed and submitted in September. Final acceptance and publication is anticipated during the next quarter. ● Modifications were required and implemented to accept strainmeter data from the borehole strainmeter stations in Turkey. ● Data flow to Boulder was established for a new GTSM21 borehole strainmeter installed in 35

Oklahoma during September 2016. ● An earthquake swarm beneath the Salton Sea began on 26 September 2016 and lasted several days with three events exceeding magnitude 4.0, drawing attention to the four PBO LSM instruments located on each side of the Salton Sea that contributed to the assessment of heightened activity. The swarm’s impact on the San Andreas was limited, and no accelerated deformation was observed. ● A full time Software Engineer III, Michael Marquez, was hired; this hire fills the opening created by a vacancy reported in Y3Q2. ● Significant progress was made on the data handling steps to provide RINEX 3 for the Septentrio sites providing SBF format files. ● The archive completed a transition of the file naming for RINEX 3 files being delivered through UNAVCO’s RINEX 3 pilot project; the naming that is now being used is consistent with IGS practice on the naming of RINEX 3 files. ● The archived volume for high rate GPS data for the quarter was 2.47 TB, exceeding (by 0.06 Tb) last quarter’s highest ever quarterly total, largely attributable to 1 Hz data from active continuous streamed and downloaded stations. The archived volume for standard rate GPS data for the quarter was 1.46 TB, continuing a gradual upward trend. ● The delivered volume of high rate data was extremely large at 4.2 TB for the quarter. ● The delivered volume of standard rate data was 4.29 TB, a significant drop over recent quarters. ● Forty-one new users requested access to the data streams in Y3Q4 bringing the total number of registered RTGPS users to 592. ● Problems with the PIVOT software led to deactivation of RTGPS data usage tracking. For this reason, RTGPS and overall data volume and user metrics are artificially low this quarter by significant amounts, and will continue to be artificially low until this issue is resolved. ● The notable increase in number of pore pressure data users last quarter continued. ● The new archive software development effort continued with progress on an interface for data upload and submission, automation of usage metrics, and DOI minting for all data sets. ● The volume of SAR data archived in Y3Q4 was back to normal levels (~2 TB) following a surge in the previous quarter due to data from ALOS2/JAXA proposals. ● The volume of SAR data deliveries was higher than average in Y3Q4 (5 TB), continuing the surge first noted in Y2Q3. These increased volumes were associated with ALOS2 and TSX data downloads. ● Additional development on pore pressure data web services was performed this quarter and software was deployed into production to retrieve data from the IRIS’s archive. UNAVCO can now support the current pore pressure web services, eliminating the need for storing pore pressure data at UNAVCO. ● New software was developed and deployed to retrieve state of health (SoH) information from Septentrio receivers. ● Two Systems Administrators left the organization, and were replaced by an SA who returned to UNAVCO with new skills acquired at the University of Michigan. ● International travel approval was enhanced. ● New web services advanced UNAVCO towards the goal of single sign-on.

GDS data metrics are summarized below in Tables 3-1 and 3-2.

Table 3-1. Geodetic Data Services metrics for GAGE facility. GEODETIC DATA METRICS: SUMMARY OF KEY METRICS GAGE Y3Q4 Campaigns Archived - All Sensors (Qty) 26

Permanent Stations Archived - All Sensors (Qty) 3,023 Data Volume Archived - All Products (GB) 7,322 Data Volume Delivered - All Products (GB) 14,544 PBO Data Volume Archived - All Products (GB) 3,961 PBO Data Volume Delivered - All Products (GB) 7,044 CAMPAIGNS ARCHIVED (QTY) GAGE Y3Q4 GPS 10 TLS 16 PERMANENT STATIONS ARCHIVED (QTY) GAGE Y3Q4 GPS - All sample rates and delivery methods 2,800 GPS High Rate (1-Hz and Higher) 835 Delivered via Stream 651 Delivered via Download, Continuous 160 Delivered via Download, Intermittent 58 Seismic 83 BSM 85 Tilt 26 Pore Pressure 23 LSM 6 TOTAL STATIONS W/ DATA MAINTAINED IN ARCHIVE (QTY) GAGE Y3Q4 GPS - All Stations with Data 13,148 GPS - All Campaigns with Data 1,007 GPS - All Permanent Stations with Data 3,341 Seismic 84 BSM 86 Tilt 27 Pore Pressure 23 LSM 7 DATA VOLUME ARCHIVED (GB) GAGE Y3Q4 GPS - All sample rates and delivery methods 4,712 GPS Standard Rate 1,458 GPS High Rate 2,471 GPS Data Products (Level 2 and higher) 783 Seismic 240 BSM Raw Data 93 BSM Data Products 8.7 Tilt 1 Pore Pressure 2 LSM Raw Data 2 LSM Data Products 0.030 SAR 2,145 TLS 191 DATA VOLUME DELIVERED (GB) GAGE Y3Q4

GPS - All sample rates and delivery methods 9,062 GPS Standard Rate 4,292 GPS High Rate 4,203 GPS Data Products (Level 2 and higher) 567 GPS Real Time Streams 0 Seismic 1,389 BSM Raw Data 90 BSM Data Products 154 Tilt 3.1 Pore Pressure 89 LSM Raw Data 0.28 LSM Data Products 0.2 SAR 5,102 TLS 44 DATA USERS (MONTHLY AVERAGE, QTY) GAGE Y3Q4 GPS Standard Rate (unique IP's) 2,026 GPS High Rate (unique IP's) 146 GPS Data Products (unique IP's) 135 GPS Real Time Streams (active registered users) 0 Seismic (2nd level domains) 110 BSM Raw Data (2nd level domains) 27 BSM Data Products (2nd level domains) 36 Tilt (2nd level domains) 5 Pore Pressure (2nd level domains) 61 LSM Raw Data (2nd level domains) 6 LSM Data Products (2nd level domains) 2 ALS (unique users reported by OpenTopography) 89 SAR (active registered users) 37 TLS (unique IP's) 4 CUSTOM HIGH RATE GPS DATA REQUESTS THIS PERIOD (QTY) GAGE Y3Q4 Event response 0 Total 10 NSF & NASA COMMUNITY SOFTWARE (QTY) GAGE Y3Q4 TEQC downloads 7,366 TEQC information requests 175 ISCE downloads 430

Table 3-2. Geodetic Data Services metrics for PBO network. PBO DATA VOLUME ARCHIVED (GB) GAGE Y3Q4 PBO GPS 3,714 PBO GPS Standard Rate 601 PBO GPS High Rate 2,330 PBO GPS Data Products (Level 2 and higher) 783

PBO Seismic 216 PBO BSM Raw Data 89 PBO BSM Data Products (Level 2 and higher) 8.7 PBO Tilt 1 PBO Pore Pressure 2 PBO LSM 2.3 PBO LSM Data Products (Level 2 and higher) 0.0 PBO DATA VOLUME DELIVERED (GB) GAGE Y3Q4 PBO GPS 6,716 PBO GPS Standard Rate 1,946 PBO GPS High Rate 4,203 PBO GPS Data Products (Level 2 and higher) 567 PBO GPS Real Time Streams 0 PBO Seismic 1,292 PBO BSM Raw Data 81 PBO BSM Data Products (Level 2 and higher) 154 PBO Met 0.0 PBO Tilt 3.1 PBO Pore Pressure 89 PBO LSM Raw Data 0.3 PBO LSM Data Products (Level 2 and higher) 0.20

Figure 3-1. Cumulative total UNAVCO data volume archived from 01 January 2004 through 30 June 2016. More than 230 TB of data have been archived including >7 TB in Y3Q4 and >130 TB since the beginning of GAGE.

Figure 3-2. Cumulative PBO data delivered from 01 October 2004 through 30 September 2016. More than 288 TB of PBO data were delivered to users during this time, including 8+ TB in Y3Q4 and 145+ TB since the beginning of GAGE.

Figure 3-3A. Number of UNAVCO data users by quarter from 01 January 2009 through 30 September 2016, including 2,838+ users this quarter. The method of counting users varies by data product, for example by unique IP address, second level domain or active registered user. Values in this figure are consistent with the user count method given in the Data Users section of Table 3-1. Note: the number of uses is artificially low in Y3Q4 due to issues that prevented tracking of RT-GPS user metrics.

Figure 3-3B. Number of GAGE borehole geophysics data users (by second level domain) from 01 October 2013 through 30 September 2016. This is a detailed view of the quarterly metrics shown for all data users in Figure 3-3A.

3.2 DATA OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT

3.2.1 Network Data Flow

Network data flow includes data and metadata management from the field to the Boulder operations center, a critical activity in support of data archiving and distribution (for related performance metrics, see Table 3-1). Staff with responsibilities for data and metadata flow focus on timely handling of operational flow and any issues as they arise.

Modifications were required and implemented to accept strainmeter data from the borehole sites in Turkey. These were the first strainmeters outside of PBO that UNAVCO collects data from. As a result, changes were required to support a new network outside of PBO and other networks that might be added in the future.

Improvements to the Iridium-based polar data download software and systems were completed with the final building out and configuration of the failover server. Final tasks included completion of the I/O card and spare disk installation, initiation of a daily backup of data and software from the primary to the

failover server, and implementation of a configuration management script to retain a configuration history as well as keeping the failover server updated with the latest configuration.

3.2.2 Campaign Data Flow

Ten GPS campaigns and 16 TLS campaigns were archived this period (Table 3-1). Fifteen GPS campaigns remain in varying states of completion; completion of these is stalled due t0 missing data or information from the contributors.

3.3 DATA PRODUCTS

3.3.1 GPS/GNSS Data Processing and Products

The GAGE GPS Analysis Centers (ACs) and Analysis Center Coordinator (ACC) processed data and provided products this quarter from 1,919 GPS stations in the PBO, COCONet, GAMA and SCIGN networks as well as NGS CORS and other regional stations in middle and eastern North America. Eighteen new GPS stations, primarily from TLALOCNet, were added to the processing stream this period. Routine data processing and product operations were stable this period. Regular monthly analysis operations conference calls were attended by UNAVCO and AC/ACC personnel.

The GAGE GPS analysis manuscript was submitted to the journal Reviews of Geophysics in July, 2016. The editor provided a decision letter in August following the peer review process informing that the manuscript was suitable for publication after minor to moderate revisions. A revised version was submitted by the writing team, consisting of personnel from MIT, CWU, NMT and UNAVCO in September. Final acceptance and publication is anticipated during the next quarter.

High rate (1Hz and 5Hz) GPS data were provided in response to events and custom requests described in section 3.3.1.5. New and updated resources were added to the GPS data products web page, the GAGE GPS AC Products Log, and the Google+ web page focusing on GAGE GPS data products.

3.3.1.1 GPS Analysis Center Subaward: Central Washington University

● Generation of rapid and final products was stable with no delays or issues. ● Metadata updates were made and receiver issues were resolved. ● Several new stations were added to the processing stream. ● Continued a phase quality and cycle slip analysis of UNAVCO's new Septentrio PolaRX5 receivers. ● T. Melbourne and W. Szeliga contributed significantly to development of the processing paper draft and participated in daily conference calls associated with this work.

3.3.1.2 GPS Analysis Center Subaward: New Mexico Tech

● Generation of rapid and final products was stable with no delays or issues. ● Metadata updates were made and receiver issues were resolved. ● Several new stations were added to the processing stream. ● Updated GAMIT/GLOBK analysis package version 10.6 tables for reassignment of PRN 4. ● Tested GAMIT/GLOBK processing software and AC operation scripts on an 8-cpu Virtual Machine at the UNAVCO Facility. This VM will provide minimal but sufficient capabilities to perform the routine processing required by the AC. The VM will be used when the primary AC processing cluster is moved to the Facility in Y4Q1 in anticipation of the next computer-intensive reprocessing in Y4 to incorporate new ITRF2014 models. ● M. Murray contributed significantly to development of the processing paper draft and participated in daily conference calls associated with this work.

3.3.1.3 GPS Analysis Center Coordinator Subaward: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Level 2 Products. Routine combination of final and rapid level 2a products was stable, including 12- and 26-week supplemental solutions. During this quarter 1,919 sites were processed (compared to 1,914 last quarter; even though stations were added this quarter the total number is lower because some stations were offline/unreachable or not processed for various reasons). Statistics reported cover the period from 15 June 2016 to 17 September 2016.

Analysis of Final Products. For the three months of the final position time series generated by NMT, CWU and combination of the two, MIT fit linear trends and annual signals and compute the RMS scatters of the position residuals in north, east and up for each site in the analysis. The median horizontal RMS scatter is 1.0 mm or less for all centers, and as low as 0.8 mm for the PBO north and east components. The vertical RMS scatter is less than or equal to 4.5 mm and as low as 3.75 mm. Seasonal changes in atmospheric delay properties will introduce small variations in these values quarter to quarter with this quarter being slightly worse than last quarter. In the NAM08 frame realization, scale changes are not estimated.

Snapshot Velocity Field Analysis. MIT generates monthly and quarterly “snapshot” velocity fields in the NAM08 reference frame based on the time series analysis of all data processed to that time. These are distributed as official products from the UNAVCO website in the form of snapshot fields (SNAPS) and the significant updates to the standard PBO velocity file (SNIPS file) in standard PBO velocity field format. There are 2,202 stations in the combined PBO solution, which is 18 more stations than last quarter. Offsets are estimated for antenna changes and earthquakes. Annual signals are estimated and for some earthquakes, logarithmic postseismic signals are also estimated. A direct comparison of the NMT and CWU solutions shows the weighted root mean square (WRMS) difference between the two velocity fields is 0.08 mm/yr horizontal and 0.74 mm/yr vertical in direct difference of all sites within 0.5 meters of each other. Detailed presentation and discussion of these and other statistics are provided in the full MIT quarterly report available from the UNAVCO website.

Earthquake Analyses. The NEIC catalog was used to search for earthquakes that could cause coseismic offsets. Nineteen earthquakes in the period from 2016-06-01 to 2016-08-31 were analyzed. The 2016-07-21 M 4.7 earthquake 19 km SE of Bayside, California may have produced a small north co-seismic offset at P168 but there are missing data after the earthquake which make the determination not that robust. No other earthquakes generated measurable coseismic offsets at any site.

PBO Data Processing Publication. T. Herring continued to provide new and updated content for the GAGE GPS analysis paper this quarter. Significant contributions were also made by M. Floyd.

3.3.1.4 GAMIT/GLOBK Community Support Subaward: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

During this quarter MIT’s primary effort was to test and debug modifications to GAMIT allowing the processing of two-frequency observations from satellites of any single GNSS. Using GPS and IRNSS data, MIT found and corrected problems with reading RINEX 3 navigation files, estimating receiver clock offsets, and detecting bad data on RINEX observation files. MIT also made significant progress on a refined Beidou yaw model. MIT was not able, as hoped, to complete the coding of cycle-slip repair and ambiguity resolution for Glonass FDMA observations, but will make that a priority for the next quarter. MIT continued to spend 5-10 hours per week in email support of GAMIT/GLOBK users. During this quarter MIT issued 17 royalty-free licenses to educational and research institutions.

3.3.1.5 Custom GPS Data Product Requests

UNAVCO supported 10 PI custom requests for high rate (1Hz or greater) GPS data downloads this period. There were no event responses related to earthquakes. Requests were related to airborne lidar surveys, including seed projects flown by NCALM, as well as survey projects conducted by NOAA, University of Alaska and commercial groups.

3.3.2 Strain, Seismic and Tiltmeter Data Processing and Products

UNAVCO processes data and provides products for borehole strainmeters, seismometers and tiltmeters in the PBO network. Routine data processing and product operations were stable this period. Three fully processed high rate (1sps) borehole strainmeter data sets were generated this period for the following earthquakes, with these data being made available within 48 hours of the event and posted on the Geophysical Event page. ● September 03, 2016, M5.6 - 15km NW of Pawnee, Oklahoma ● August 19, 2016, M7.4 - South Georgia Island region ● August 12, 2016, M7.2 - 109km E of Ile Hunter, New Caledonia A GTSM21 borehole strainmeter was installed in Oklahoma on September 10, 2016. Data flow to Boulder was established a few days after the installation. The metadata were sent to IRIS and dataflow to the IRIS DMC archives was initiated. The data from this strainmeter are now available to the community in bottle and SEED format and accessible using the same mechanisms available for all PBO strainmeters. An initial evaluation of the data shows that the strainmeter recorded the expected strain transient curve in the 48 hours after the installation and already has one gauge in compression (Figure 3-4). The inset of Figure 3-4 shows the 1-sps data for September 30th, a tidal signal is evident in the data.

Figure 3-4. Strain data recorded by AVN2 installed in Oklahoma on 10 September 10 2016 showing the detection of tides a few weeks after installation and one strain gauge going into compression, both strong indicators of good coupling and a successful installation. Note: the “dip” at the beginning of the time series is not related to the 2016-09-03 M5.6 earthquake near Pawnee, Oklahoma or other seismic activity; rather,

it is the expected strain transient curve associated with grout curing in the 48 hours after installation.

Full data archiving for two strainmeters installed in Turkey as part of the GONAF project also began in Y3Q4. Data from strainmeters TEPE and HALK are now available to the community in full SEED and bottle formats. As for AVN2 these data can now be accessed via the same mechanisms available for all PBO strainmeters. While the SEED codes for these instruments are the same as used for other BSMs the network code for this data set it GF (GONAF). UCSD, through a subaward managed by UNAVCO, processes data and provides products from the long baseline laser strainmeter (LSM) network described in section 2.2.1.3. Routine data acquisition, editing, and archiving operations were good this period. The evolution of a number of transient earth deformation signals reported previously continued to be recorded this period.

Particularly notable for the PBO LSM network was community attention arising from an earthquake swarm that occurred beneath the Salton Sea, immediately past the southernmost terminus of the San Andreas fault. This sequence began on 26 September 2016, and lasted several days with three events exceeding magnitude 4.0. These earthquakes resulted in a heightened level of concern over the possibility of them triggering a large event on the San Andreas; the southern section of this fault has not ruptured for over 300 years, and is now well past its established recurrence interval. Data from the four PBO LSM instruments located on each side of the Salton Sea - DHL1, DHL2, SCS1, SCS2 - were utilized by the USGS and the California Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council (CEPEC) in their assessment of the possible effects of the swarm. The real-time and high-sensitivity recordings led support to the idea that the impact on the San Andreas was limited, in particular that accelerated deformations were not occurring.

3.3.3 Meteorological and Hydrologic Data Products

Meteorological data are collected together with GPS/GNSS and other geophysical data in order to enhance the datasets, improve network monitoring, and provide additional information for interpretation of deformation signals. Temperature, humidity and barometric pressure data collected at GPS stations are available directly from the GPS RINEX files. Routine product operations were stable. Development of documentation and metrics for new precise hydrologic loading data products continued this quarter, based on NLDAS and GLDAS.

3.3.4 Lidar – Terrestrial and Airborne Laser Scanning

UNAVCO provides TLS data services and products including basic data processing, data management and data archiving. The standard UNAVCO TLS deliverable is a merged, aligned, georeferenced point cloud, which is accompanied by pertinent metadata products such as site photos, meteorological information, field notes and other ancillary project information. TLS data support is further described in section 3.4.4, lidar data management and archiving. EarthScope ALS data products are supported by OpenTopography; metrics are reported to UNAVCO. No new ALS data product activities have been performed to date under the GAGE Cooperative Agreement.

3.4 DATA MANAGEMENT AND ARCHIVING

3.4.1 GPS/GNSS

The Data Center provides a secure long term archive for data, data products, and metadata from GNSS instrumentation, and makes data available to the scientific community and the public. User interfaces, APIs, and software tools that facilitate data search and access, data handling, and visualization are provided to support full utilization of the data assets. Data publication with digital object identifiers (DOIs) is routine for most data sets.

A full time Software Engineer III, Michael Marquez, was hired; this hire fills the opening created by staff departure reported in Y3Q2. Following an initial training period, Michael has been tasked with identifying key areas and technologies for revamping internal web services to improve maintainability and performance of back-end code. We are investigating technologies that can be utilized with internal infrastructure or easily migrated to the cloud if that becomes our best strategy for performance and cost.

Data archiving and distribution is an operational activity that continues to grow, with a total of 39 stations added for archiving from Bangladesh, COCONet, Ecuador, HoustonNet, IGS, MacKenzie Mountains, MAGNET, Mid-America, Oak Ridge Earthflow Lab, Nepal, Pakistan, Tanzania Volcano Observatory, Telica Volcano, and TLALOCNet Networks.

As part of ongoing improvements to the overall archiving systems and software, an updated configuration deployment and backup system was developed and tested. This new procedure is expected to help keep configurations across a large set of virtual machines and hardware servers consistent, as well as maintaining a history of the previous configurations going back several months. The configuration information includes many aspects of the archiving and flow management including specifics of the handling of individual stations. Improvements in data handling were also made for the receipt of data from the real-time system for archiving and distribution. The improvements help to overcome temporary slowness or lack of data flow from the PIVOT system to the archive by checking for data on the streamed data caster.

Software development activities related to the deployment of the Septentrio PolaRx5 receiver that were reported for Y3Q3 have continued into this quarter, with archiving staff members continuing to work directly with Septentrio for nailing down new or updated BINEX records to be delivered directly for the PolaRx5 receiver. Close interactions with the GI D&T team and with Septentrio developers, and coordinated testing have continued. In addition, the Septentrio-produced BINEX to RINEX3 and BINEX to RTCM3 translation tasks continue to be a focus, with cross-team meetings among the archiving, D&T and real-time staff members taking place to identify requirements and decide on language and architecture.

Significant progress has been made on the data handling steps to provide RINEX 3 for the Septentrio sites providing SBF format files. The path for providing this utilizes Septentrio’s SBF to RINEX3 translation software. Because Septentrio’s executable is available for a small set of operating systems, UNAVCO archive operations has developed a one-off dataflow option for Septentrio SBF data for RINEX3 creation (to operate in parallel with the RINEX2 creation) that that runs on a specific virtual machine configuration. Implementation of this separate dataflow path is nearly complete.

Also with respect to RINEX3, the archive completed a transition of the file naming for RINEX3 files being delivered through UNAVCO’s RINEX3 pilot project; the naming that is now being used is consistent with IGS practice on the naming of RINEX3 files. This naming strategy does sacrifice some of the detail identified in the RINEX3 specification, but allows for simpler data management for both the archive and the user.

As part of our support to the IGS, we provide data flow and RINEX upload services to the CDDIS archive for approximately 40 stations. Due to heightened security protocols at CDDIS, newer certificate-enabled software needed to be incorporated into the upload process. Several roadblocks were encountered and eventually solved on the test system. The new procedure is now ready for when CDDIS puts their new system in production.

As part of our planned migration from Oracle to Postgres as the database engine for the archive, and also to further our exploration of cloud technologies, a virtual machine in the Amazon cloud has been set up with the Postgres engine installed. Database schema and data loading tests have been initiated.

Development of UNAVCO teqc software for GNSS data preprocessing this quarter included some fine tuning for reading Septentrio’s SBF format; expansion of capabilities for decoding receiver state of health for certain Septentrio, Leica, and Trimble formats; and reading the receiver supplied position solution from several receivers with capability for output in the proposed BINEX 0x05 record type. In addition, dynamic memory management is being introduced in areas of the code where this has not previously been available. Format documentation provided by vendors electronically was reorganized for better access. This is only available internally, however, since much of the documentation is proprietary.

The metrics in Table 3-1 document the data volumes archived and delivered. Metrics notes for Y3Q4 are: ● The archived volume for high rate GPS data for the quarter was 2.47 TB, exceeding (by 0.06 Tb) Y3Q3’s highest ever quarterly total. For the current quarter, new 1 Hz data was the major significant contributor; there was only minimal event or special downloads of high-rate data contributing to the volume archived. ● For Y3Q4, the delivered volume of high rate data was extremely large at 4.2 TB. The USGS, JPL, and one unresolved IP address accounted for the significant recent growth. NGS, UCAR and CU are the most consistent high volume users from month to month with high rate data pickups.The volume of data products archived was 0.78 TB, similar to the last two quarters. This volume represents the baseline level of products archiving, with no added reprocessing included. Delivery of products, at 0.57 TB, was somewhat low compared to recent quarters. The volume of products delivered and composition of customer IPs noted each month remains variable. ● 1.46 TB of standard rate GPS data was archived for Y3Q4, continuing gradual growth. ● The delivered volume of standard rate data was 4.29 TB, a significant drop over recent quarters. ● Over the GAGE award through Y3Q3 the average monthly standard rate pickup volume has averaged 2.16 TB, whereas this quarter’s monthly average of 1.4 TB was significantly lower than typical. A specific cause of this decrease has not been identified.

3.4.2 Real-time GPS Data Flow and Management

UNAVCO provided high rate (1 Hz), low latency (<1 s) GPS data streams (RTGPS) from approximately 684 stations including 615 PBO (Core and Cascadia), 15 TLALOCNet, 51 COCONet, 1 in Nepal and two in Tanzania.

Forty-one new users requested access to the data streams in Y3Q4 bringing the total number of registered RTGPS users to 592 (Figure 3.5), an increase of 7% which is similar to Y3Q3 (8%). The largest growth in user numbers was in the Commercial group (21), compared to 12 and 8 in the Academic and Government categories respectively. Figure 3.6 shows the percentage of registered data users in terms of user group. Commercial users form the largest group (59%) followed by Academic (23%) and then Academic (18%).

Problems with Trimble’s PIVOT software have required UNAVCO to turn off tracking of RTGPS data usage. We believe that the combination of increasing number of real-time streams and growth in data users is causing the Trimble software to fail. UNAVCO is investigating the application of a new data usage tracking tool that will pull metrics from the open-source linux based caster provided by BKG.

Figure 3-5. Number of registered RT-GPS users through time.

Figure 3-6. Number of registered RT-GPS data users by type in Y3Q4.

3.4.3 Strain, Seismic, Tilt, Pore Pressure Data

Metrics for data archiving and delivery volumes this period, as well as unique users, are summarized in

Table 3-1. No unusual trends in seismic or BSM data metrics were observed this quarter compared to last quarter. There was a slight decrease in the volume of LSM data archived as described in the GI section. There was a spike in the volume of BSM products archived this period associated with a reprocessing effort. A monthly increase in the number of pore pressure data users was sustained through the quarter, continuing the higher than average count observed last quarter and which was similar to a surge previously observed in January 2016 (~60 users per month instead of ~20).

3.4.4 Lidar – Terrestrial and Airborne Laser Scanning Data

Data from TLS PI projects continue to be archived as projects are completed, with approximately 191 GB of TLS data added this quarter. Approximately 44 GB of data have been downloaded from the TLS archive by 9 unique users.

The new archive software development effort continued in Y3Q4 with progress on a data upload and submission interface, creation of automated usage metrics, and DOI minting for all existing data sets. In an effort to align TLS data archive with UNAVCO best practices, we are maintaining an offsite backup of the TLS archive using Amazon’s Glacier cloud storage service.

Another area of focus for TLS data support is improved access to software required by community members to process and analyze TLS data. Data Engineer M. Okal, with support from UNAVCO System Administrators, maintains a software license server and is working to improve documentation on accessing and using these software packages. Available software includes four seats for Leica Cyclone, 20 seats for Riegl’s RiScan Pro and 10 seats for RiSolve, ten seats for Blue Marble’s Geographic Calculator, 10 seats for ArcGIS, three seats for Quick Terrain Modeler, 10 seats for Polyworks, and five seats for Trimble Business Center. During this period, one software maintenance package was updated.

OpenTopography is the official archive and access point for EarthScope ALS data. Metrics provided by OpenTopography this quarter indicate 89 unique users accessed point cloud and raster terrain products, running 148 jobs to gain that access.

3.4.5 SAR Data

UNAVCO manages two tasks in support of SAR Data: the archive and GEO SuperSites.

3.4.5.1 SAR Archive UNAVCO has managed the SAR Archive since 2005. Under GAGE, UNAVCO orders European Space Agency (ESA) and DLR scenes in response to WInSAR user requests. In addition, the WInSAR Executive Committee and UNAVCO arranged for a tasking quota with DLR for use by WInSAR. WInSAR user requested tasking orders for the TerraSARX mission have been placed on a regular basis. UNAVCO archives WInSAR community TSX and ALOS2 data in the UNAVCO SAR Archive. UNAVCO also manages access to the ISCE SAR data processing software package for all members of the WInSAR Consortium.

SAR data metrics are shown in Table 3-1. The volume of SAR data archived in Y3Q4 was back to normal levels (~2 TB) following a surge in the previous quarter due to data from ALOS2/JAXA proposals.

WInSAR scenes from ESA are available without cost under their open data policy. TSX and ALOS2 data access is restricted to CoPIs associated with a specific science proposal approved by DLR or JAXA, respectively. The volume of SAR data deliveries was higher than average in Y3Q4 (5 TB), continuing the surge first noted in Y2Q3. These increased volumes were associated with ALOS2 and TSX data downloads.

UNAVCO continues to maintain the core SAR archive infrastructure, including hardware, database, software, and web presence. Data ingest capabilities have been developed to allow UNAVCO to host data from newer satellite platforms such as COSMOSkyMed, ALOS2, RADARSAT2, and Sentinel which WInSAR community users are beginning to utilize. Search and discovery for these hosted data is possible through the UNAVCO SAR Archive GUI and API interfaces. Access to data from COSMOSkyMed, RADARSAT2, ALOS1/ALOS2, and TSX are restricted to collaborators on proposals, and the WInSAR Portal interface permits role based access to groups of users.

ESA is the primary archive for ERS1, ERS2, and Envisat, while the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) is primary archive for RADARSAT1. For all data not archived in ESA’s Archive4 system or at ASF, UNAVCO is now backing data up to Amazon Glacier, a commercial cloud storage system. This ensures a complete offsite backup of the full UNAVCO SAR archive while minimizing redundancy, beyond the initial duplication.

3.4.5.2 GEO SuperSites

For the GEO Supersites and Natural Laboratories initiative, UNAVCO provides data ordering from the European Space Agency, together with data management, including download and repackaging, of the orders received, and upload of the orders to the ESA supported cloud storage (Level 4 archive). In addition to this operational data management activity, UNAVCO provides some website content management and hosting for the Supersites but it is the intention to migrate all content to the new GEO website over the coming quarters.

As noted above, UNAVCO now supports TSX, COSMOSkyMed, RADARSAT2, and ALOS2 data collected under the Supersites initiative. For these datasets, the list of PIs with access to the data include international collaborators as well as WInSAR community members. To address this expanded community of users and associated access constraints, we’ve made several modifications to the WInSAR Portal system to allow registration by international partners.

Through recently completed NASA ROSES ACCESS funded work to develop a Seamless SAR Archive (SSARA), UNAVCO staff members have engaged in joint planning with the European SAR community (DLR, ESA, CEOS, etc.) for federated access to data, data processing environments, and metadata and product formats. The goal is to leverage the SSARA work to build federated access to data hosted by the space agencies that participate in Supersites. Federated query of Supersites SAR data (ESA’s Virtual Archive 4 and DLR’s TerraSARX Archive) along with data archived at the Alaska Satellite Facility and UNAVCO is now available due to SSARA efforts (http://webservices.unavco.org/brokered/ssara/).

The archive now supports user controlled DOI assignment for products uploaded to the InSAR archive at UNAVCO (https://winsar.unavco.org/portal/insar/). InSAR products are uploaded via the API (https://winsar.unavco.org/portal/insar/api/interferometry/), and users are now able to request a DOI from UNAVCO, making the products persistent and citable.

3.5 CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE

Several projects are in progress to expand the cyberinfrastructure capabilities of UNAVCO GDS. We are collaborating on a NCAR-led EarthCube Building Blocks award “Enabling Scientific Collaboration and Discovery through Semantic Connections” (EarthCollab) based on the Cornell developed “VIVO” semantic web ontology and web presentation software. With the open software engineer position now filled, work is picking up once again on UNAVCO’s delivery of data set DOI and other information to the EarthCollab project via the web services API that has been part of the system design.

UNAVCO operates a GSAC instance for the NASA ACCESS Plug and Play project that catalogs the stations and data product holdings that are generated through the University of Nevada Reno’s GNSS analysis. The refreshing of the database, which is accomplished with a set of cataloging scripts that connect to the UNR server to scan directories, was taking many hours to complete. The system memory on the VM server was increased, which helped but did not fully address the issue. All of the scripts that accomplish the refreshing were examined and refactored to improve efficiency by retaining reports and reducing the number of connections to the UNR server.

Multiple requests have come forward from COCONet and TLALOCNet data centers for incorporating met file handling as part of Dataworks. Staff have started the process of analyzing the necessary database and software changes that this would entail.

The software development project to combine GPS and other station data into a single repository using Data Turbine ran into more issues with restarting the software. The UNAVCO team consulted with Data Turbine support resources and was not able to get resolution. In August it was announced that Data Turbine was no longer going to be supported. UNAVCO’s development has decided to abandon any further development using the unsupported software. The team is currently looking for alternatives to replace the functionality that Data Turbine provided.

Additional development on web services for pore pressure data was performed this quarter for the retrieval of data from the IRIS’s archive. With these modifications, UNAVCO can support the current pore web services and eliminate the need for storing pore data at UNAVCO. In addition, requestors now have an option to retrieve a 30 second average rather than a sample for each second. This software was deployed to production during Y3Q4.

UNAVCO is reviewing different response formats for GPS web service requests, including Timeseries XML, The specifications for this format only allow a simple value for a slice of time and do allow for multiple values like X, Y and Z. UNAVCO is providing feedback to authors of the specification in hopes that they modify them to allow multiple values for a single time slice.

The web services development team has been evaluating modernizing metadata web services. Currently the metadata web services can be used to request data for a subset of all UNAVCO archived GPS stations. With the goal of expanding this capability to include all UNAVCO stations, including UNR, UNAVCO is planning to bring metadata for stations into a single database that will be used to fulfill metadata web services requests.

State of health software written for GPS stations monitors the temperature and voltage of the receiver. With the Trimble receivers this information was readily available by querying the receiver over an interface provided by the vendor. With the Septentrio, this information is not as readily available. To retrieve this information, the state of health software was enhanced to retrieve and parse a binary record from the Septentrio receiver to obtain these values. This new software was developed and deployed during Y3Q4.

3.6 Internal Computing Initiatives and Support

3.6.1 IT Highlights Many of the systems in production still use disks that are on UNAVCO’s older SAN system. In September the battery on the older SAN secondary controller failed and caused the production to backup on those systems that had storage on the older SAN. These backups led to increased system response times and eventually caused processing to fail on several key systems supporting production, including those used for real-time data flow. The battery was replaced and the systems returned to normal operations after several hours of manual operations to clean up the side effects caused by the failure. Work started after this event to move all storage used by systems in production off of the older SAN equipment and onto recently

acquired newer SAN storage that has an architecture where individual controller failures will not impact overall system performance. The older SAN hardware will continue to be used to support the development environment.

In July, one system administrator resigned and another informed management of his intentions to leave UNAVCO in the near future. Management developed a recruitment strategy and rehired a former successful SA, Steve Smith, who worked in this position previously and had decided to return to Colorado with new experience at University of Michigan that enhanced his record, arriving shortly before the end of the quarter.

3.6.2 Internal Software Developments The software previously supporting international travel approval was enhanced to support a new approval process to support requirements. These changes have been implemented and being used for all international travel approvals.

A web service was developed to authenticate credentials and another service was written to provide the ability to create new users within the directory structure used by UNAVCO. These services will be used by web application to support user logins to applications or systems that UNAVCO hopes to make available to community members in the future.

Field engineers use state of health software to monitor observing stations; this capability is currently executing on a part of the of a deprecated web environment (i.e. pbosoftware.unavco.org). Field engineers prefer this older interface because of speed, ability to use bookmarks to quickly access their stations and customization of the items displayed. Work has started to add the features unique to the older environment into the modernized state of health software on unavco.org, to support retiring of deprecated software.

In Y3Q3, personnel working on the automation of metrics began to develop software to collect data on the number of active stations. This work was completed and deployed for all types of equipment during this quarter, along with backfilling of data for prior years where data was available. Work on the collection and backfilling of earlier SAR and GPS accelerometer metrics was also completed. In addition, some initial web services that gather GPS metrics from the database were developed along with initial display of a GPS metrics web page. UNAVCO worked with IRIS to provide metrics for usage by station for each month.

Field engineers use maintenance activities within MDM to track their work while at a station in the field. Development resources are enhancing MDM to add SIM card maintenance, to support field engineers tracking of SIM card swaps. Engineers will have ability to associate a SIM card with a station, disassociate a card with a station, deactivate or suspend the use of a card or swap out an old card for a new one. Deactivation of a card sends an email to procurement staff to support deactivation of the card with the vendor and reduce communications costs. The development work to support these maintenance activities is in progress along with testing.

3.7 GDS PROGRAM SUMMARY

The Geodetic Data Services program continues to provide a growing body of diverse data sets and derived products for a wide range of observing systems to the community of contributors and users. GDS collects and monitors 90 detailed and six key summary metrics (Tables 3-1 and 3-2). These metrics include numbers of stations, data, and derived data product volumes archived and delivered, user metrics, and software downloads for data from all of the data different sensor types managed by UNAVCO. The six key summary metrics for Y3Q4 include campaigns and permanent stations archived, data volumes archived and delivered are similar to prior quarters. The total volume of data archived this quarter, 7.3 TB, was 21 TB lower than last quarter, due primarily to lower volumes of SAR data archived. The total volume of data

archived (all sensors) is now over 230 TB (including 9.8 TB of ALS data archived at OpenTopography) as shown in Figure 3-1. The total volume of data delivered to users this quarter, 14.5 TB, was 9 TB less than last quarter despite a surge in high rate GPS delivery, due to lower SAR and GPS standard rate delivery volumes. As for last quarter, the volume of deliveries this quarter was artificially low (probably by several TBs) due to issues with tracking RT-GPS metrics. The estimate of the number of unique users this quarter was 2,838, which is lower than last quarter but this number is artificially low, again due to the RT-GPS metrics issues which did not record any RT-GPS users this quarter. As part of ongoing efforts to provide the most accurate metrics possible, slight changes to some previously reported metric values were made this quarter based on new information and/or refinements to our metrics tracking/reporting process.

These metrics are one representation of core operations. Behind these numbers are a wide range of activities and projects, funded through core and multiple ancillary awards that fund the large breadth of scope developed, operated and maintained by the GDS program. The focus of ongoing development continues to be upon enhancing services and building capacity to manage data from new systems. For GNSS this effort is moving from GPS to full GNSS while expanding real-time data acquisition and processing to include hundreds of new sites. For TLS, the archive architecture has been completely rebuilt, and legacy data have been ingested. The management and processing ofdata from new satellites from ESA, JAXA and preparing for NiSAR are the central challenge for advancing SAR. The overall cyberinfrastructue development theme is to develop web services across all data systems with consistency that will facilitate integrative access and broader utilization of data and services both within and external to GAGE, and NGEO going forward.

4. Education and Community Engagement

4.1 OVERVIEW

The Education and Community Engagement (ECE) program has four strategic areas of focus: provide professional development activities for community scientists and teachers, develop and disseminate geodesy-focused education materials, support geoworkforce development, and provide communications and other support to the UNAVCO community. The ECE team actively participates in UNAVCO website updates, leads the organization-wide social media effort, works with UNAVCO staff to develop UNAVCO Program Highlights, and collaborates with external partners to develop interactive displays for exploring Earth science content. Whenever possible, ECE efforts closely coordinate with those of partner organizations including the EarthScope National Office, Geological Society of America, the American Geophysical Union, UCAR, and IRIS, among others.

4.2 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Seven professional development activities were facilitated by UNAVCO staff during Y3Q4 including staff support from both the ECE and GDS programs.

4.2.1 Technical Short Courses Eighty-three UNAVCO community members participated in two InSAR processing short courses in August: InSAR Processing and Theory with GMTSAR: Sentinel-1A Time Series (Dr. D. Sandwell, Scripps Institute of Oceanography; 37 participants) and InSAR Theory & Processing with ISCE, GIAnT, and StaMPS (Dr. E. Feilding and colleagues, JPL; 47 participants).

Figure 4-1. Participants in the short course "InSAR Processing and Theory with GMTSAR: Sentinel-1A Time Series" August 2016, hosted by Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California.

Twenty-nine participants provided post-short course feedback. The evaluation of the two InSAR courses (combined) show that participants found the short courses a valuable use of time and achieved the primary goal of introducing scientists to InSAR data and encouraging them to use the data in their research. Most participants felt confident about using InSAR data after they returned to their home institution. This feedback is consistent with past InSAR short courses.

Table 4-1. Evaluation results from the two InSAR short courses facilitated by UNAVCO and co-taught by community scientists and UNAVCO staff. Strongly Agree Undecided Disagree Strongly Agree Disagree The short course achieved the goal of 25 4 0 0 0 introducing InSAR to scientists and encourages them to use it more for their research. I feel confident that I can go away from the 12 14 3 0 0 course and use start using this type of data. Overall, this workshop was a valuable use of my 25 5 0 0 0 time.

Twenty-one faculty participated in the short course Using TLS and Structure from Motion (SfM) Photogrammetry in Undergraduate Field Education held August 16-19 at the Indiana University Geologic Field Station (support from NSF-DUE 1612248). Lead instructors were Dr. B. Douglas (Indiana University), Dr. B. Crosby (Idaho State University), C. Crosby (UNAVCO), and B. Pratt-Sitaula (UNAVCO). The short course was centered on the first GETSI Field Collection module Analyzing High Resolution Topography with TLS and SfM and gave participants the opportunity to learn TLS and SfM just as their students would – through field data collection and classroom data processing. Feedback from participants on the final survey showed a high level of satisfaction with the short course, willingness to be involved in further materials testing, and intention to use the teaching materials in summer and academic year field courses.

4.2.2 K-12 Teacher Workshops ECE collaborates with the Education Committee of the Federation of Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) to promote Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) through data-focused activities and modules. This year, the focus is on integrating STEM investigations through the use of unmanned vehicles (UAVs). This partnership with ESIP provides UNAVCO ECE the opportunity to more broadly disseminate GAGE educational materials. Points of connection between the UAV and STEM initiative and geodesy include: laying the foundation for students to learn about imagery, image perspective and distortion (as foundational steps toward Structure from Motion), reference frames, data collection, science and engineering practices for research investigations and design principles, and research and experimentation using lightweight and inexpensive instruments and GPS modules.

ECE co-led two workshops in July. "Testing & Polishing STEM Activities for Recreational Drones” introduced 15 teachers at the ESIP summer meeting in Durham, NC to using recreational drones in classrooms, clubs, and/or science fairs. Teachers received an auto-hovering UAV (purchased through ESIP funds) and learned safety and documentation guidelines, practiced controlled flight and aerodynamics, conducted a science & engineering investigation, and learned about science applications of drones. ECE staff co-led a second workshop with 21 teachers participating in the “Using Recreational UAVs (Drones) for STEM Activities and Science Fair Projects” workshop at the National Science Teacher Association 5th Annual STEM Forum & Expo in Denver, CO. This workshop is the first in an NSTA series for educators to gain the knowledge and tools necessary to fit Earth science, data science, and drone technology into their core science curriculum as well as build long-term collaborations between ESIP data scientists and teachers, and ultimately increase the number of students learning data science in the classroom

4.3 EDUCATION RESOURCES To better serve the UNAVCO education community resources around field education, a Field Geodesy Learning section was added to the Education section of the UNAVCO website. The materials in this section provide college faculty guidance around field geodesy education curricula, learning manuals for students and investigators, content from previous field education short courses, information about receiving field geodesy education support for their field courses, and links to reports contributing to field education efforts.

A new learning module for grades 6-12 is available through the UNAVCO Education webiste: Detecting Cascadia’s Changing Shape with GPS introduces students to data, hands-on physical models, and computer simulations to understand subduction zone tectonics, plate tectonics, earthquakes, tsunamis, faulting, and folding and features data from PBO.

UNAVCO facilitates the development and dissemination of geodesy-focused educational materials. The GETSI project (GEodetic Tools for Societal Issues; NSF-DUE-1245025) develops teaching materials for engaging undergraduate students in addressing societally important Earth science questions through the use of geodetic data. The last three modules are in final revision - Measuring Water Resources, Surface Process Hazards, and GPS, Strain and Earthquakes. The GETSI project will be broadened to include work from a new award Collaborative Research: A Field-Based Curriculum for Quantifying Deformation of the Earth's Surface with Lasers, GPS and Cameras (NSF-IUSE-1612248). This is a collaborative award with Indiana University (B. Douglas) and Idaho State University (B. Crosby). The first module for this collection is also nearly published – Analyzing High Resolution Topography with TLS and SfM. This module was started with GAGE funding and completed with funding from NSF IUSE grant. The second module High Precisions Positioning with Static and Kinematic GPS is underway.

4.4 COMMUNITY COMMUNICATIONS ECE leads efforts related to communication, collaboration, access, and dissemination of UNAVCO science and education to both the UNAVCO and broader communities.

4.4.1 Videos Two USIP interns produced five new videos during their eight-week internships. Three of the videos add to the Geoscience Career Spotlight series, exposing introductory geoscience students to the diversity in both geoscience careers and geoscientists. Videos produced this year include a planetary scientist (Alejandro Soto, SWRI), a science writer (Laura Snider, UCAR), and a polar field engineer (Annie Zaino, UNAVCO). The other two videos are the first of a series of UNAVCO Tools videos introducing users to support services provided by UNAVCO. These short videos include introductions to web services and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and were produced with support from GDS staff.

Figure 4-2. Screenshot of the opening of a Geoscience Career Spotlight video about UNAVCO polar field engineer Annie Zaino. This video is part of a growing six-video series introducing students to the diversity of geoscience careers and geoscientists. All were produced by USIP interns.

4.4.1 Outreach events Outreach is conducted by all UNAVCO staff. A summary of highlights from ECE staff are outlined here. ● In July, UNAVCO participated in the first Colorado Student Leaders Institute (COSLI), offering a morning of geoscience to students from all over Colorado at the University of Colorado-Denver. Over 70 high school students from diverse backgrounds learned about earthquake science and careers through participatory activities from UNAVCO staff and USIP interns. Activities developed for this event are part of the collection of outreach materials to promote GAGE science and engineering. ● USIP interns created three new geodesy-focused demonstrations and shared the science with the Boulder community through a Wednesday evening session at the Boulder Farmer’s Market. ● In August, UNAVCO participated for the second year in GeoGirls, a field camp on Mount St. Helens for middle-school girls. The program is organized by the USGS and the Mount St. Helens Institute with support from many partners. B. Bartel (ECE) and E. Van Boskirk (GI) joined 18 middle-school girls, four high-school girls, two middle-school science teachers, and many volunteers and support staff for the course. Bartel and Van Boskirk leveraged EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory instruments on the volcano to introduce the girls to the field of geodesy and shared their personal experiences in studying active volcanoes. ● The GeoHazards Messaging Collaboratory (GMC) was formalized in Y3Q4. This formal partnership between UNAVCO, SCEC and IRIS to strengthen communication of natural hazards to the public. The GMC led the first-ever communications workshop at the annual Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) meeting in September, entitled “Navigating and Maximizing a Digital, Social World.” The first half of the event focused on social media for scientists, while the second half focused on interacting with mass media. The event was well-attended, with approximately 35 senior researchers, state and agency employees, and students. Also at the SCEC

meeting, the GMC participated in a Reddit Ask Me Anything focused on geohazards and how scientists study them. Statistics provided by Reddit indicate a minimum reach of 3,518, the number of people who clicked through to read answers. Questions were submitted by the public and covered topics ranging from tsunami generation to career paths.

Figure 4-3. PBO borehole strainmeter engineer Elizabeth Van Boskirk shares a strainmeter station on Mount St. Helens with middle school girls participating in the GeoGirls field camp in August 2016. (Photo/Beth Bartel, UNAVCO)

4.4.2 Social media ECE manages ten social media channels for GAGE with active contributions from UNAVCO staff. A formal strategy and documented best practices were finalized and shared with staff to coordinate social media efforts. UNAVCO human resources staff and others were consulted in the creation of this document, allowing for a unified approach to social media communications across the organization.

The most consistently successful Facebook posts are photos shared from our Instagram feed (7 out of this quarter’s top 10, with an average reach of 4,000 users), allowing us to leverage resources across social media platforms. The Instagram feed focuses on UNAVCO-supported field activities with following continuing to rise, with an 11% increase in new followers over last quarter. A new feature this quarter is our addition of short videos. We shared 4 videos, which reached 294 people. Pinterest, which requires the least amount of maintenance, continues to grow in reach with an increase in average monthly viewers by 51% over last quarter, rising from 902 to 1,367. UNAVCO continues to collaborate on social media efforts with partner organizations such as IRIS, SCEC and GSA.

4.5 GEO-WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT UNAVCO is committed to broadening and increasing the geodesy community and geoscience workforce. Efforts are focused on providing opportunity in various stages of the geoscience academic/career pipeline including internships, mentoring, and online resources.

Figure 4-4. RESESS, USIP, and Geo-Launchpad interns after the 2016 RESESS Colloquium presentations on July 27, 2016. (Photo/Beth Bartel)

4.5.1 Internship Programs Three internship programs concluded during Y3Q4 reaching 19 students from 15 different academic institutions. .

RESESS: Research Experiences in the Solid Earth Sciences for Students (RESESS), is a summer internship designed to increase the number of individuals from populations underrepresented in geosciences. The 2016 intern group was the 12th cohort to move through the program and included eight interns: six participating for the first time and two returning. Interns were selected via panel review with the goal of selecting high-potential, qualified applicants from a variety of educational institutions. Interns spent 11 weeks conducting research on a wide variety of geoscience topics. The interns presented their research in a UNAVCO colloquium that included UNAVCO staff, program mentors (both communication and research), and the general public. In addition, the interns’ talks were streamed and recorded via WebEx and are now posted on the UNAVCO YouTube channel. The interns also joined over 65 other local interns in a joint poster session held at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Center Green campus. The poster session welcomed mentors, staff from all program host organizations (UNAVCO, UCAR, NCAR, NEON, CIRES, CU), and the general public, including friends and family.

Geo-Launchpad (NSF ICER 1540524): UNAVCO began a new award in collaboration with Front Range Community College on December 2, 2015. The Geo-Launchpad internship provides an 8-week summer experience for two-year college (2YC) students from Colorado. Four interns worked in pairs on projects developed and mentored by UNAVCO staff members from the Polar Services group (A. Zaino and S. Niebuhr: Polar GPS project) and the Geodetic Imaging group (M. Okal: TLS project). Geo-Launchpad interns presented their work at the end of poster session in conjunction with the RESESS interns and our partner internship programs in the Foothills region. Interns have a faculty mentor from their home institution who attended a two-day mentor training workshop in Boulder and participated in the internship poster session held at UCAR Center Green Campus. The project PI is P. Shabram (Front Range Community College). The UNAVCO project leadership team includes the PI (Charlevoix), Co-PI (Morris), Project Assistant (K. Russo-Nixon), and external evaluator (H. Thiry, CU-Boulder).

USIP: The UNAVCO Student Internship Program (USIP) is a summer opportunity for interns to gain real-world work experience in a professional setting, collaborate with teams toward a common mission, and contribute their knowledge, skills, and abilities to the UNAVCO community. Interns spent eight weeks at UNAVCO in Boulder, CO (or the UNAVCO Alaska field office), where they worked on UNAVCO scope of work under the guidance of a staff supervisor, culminating in a short presentation to UNAVCO staff (in person for the Boulder-based interns, and via WebEx or Skype for remote interns). One recent doctoral graduate, 5 graduate students and 1 undergraduate student worked as interns with UNAVCO staff during the summer. Four of the interns worked with ECE (supervised by D. Charlevoix, S. Olds, and B. Bartel [2 interns]), two interns worked with D. Mencin of GI/GDS, and one intern worked with K. Austin and E. Boyce (GI – Alaska field office). Interns supported a diverse suite of UNAVCO work, including video production (J. Nash and D. Zietlow), field education and classroom curriculum development (I. Lauer), field logistics support (E. Knappe), and earthquake and tsunami early warning system evaluation (C. Bomberger and M. Kraner).

A new component of the USIP program is building upon the professional expertise in ECE staff. The Boulder-based USIP interns developed informal science communication skills through participation in a weekly workshop. The workshop is based on proven techniques developed by the Portal to the Public Network (PoPNet). At the end of the summer, the interns set up a booth at the Boulder Farmers’ Market to share their hands on activities with the public. ECE team member B. Bartel led the weekly course.

Figure 4-5. USIP Interns Dan Zietlow and Meredith Kraner discuss their hands on demonstration at the Boulder Farmers’ Market. (Photo/Beth Bartel)

The 2017 UNAVCO intern calendar was designed and printed during Y3Q4, and distribution began during the GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado. The calendar highlights the three internship programs, the students who participated, and the work UNAVCO does in supporting the geoscience community.

NABG Annual Technical Conference: A. Morris attended the 35th annual National Association of Black Geoscientists Technical Conference in New Orleans, Louisiana, held September 7-10, 2016. Approximately 95 participants attended, including oral and poster presentations by ~35 undergraduate and 20 graduate students. 2015 and 2016 RESESS intern Crystal Burgess presented her summer work during the poster session.

Figure 4-6. 2015 and 2016 RESESS intern Crystal Burgess explains her work to 2010 RESESS intern Olamide Dada at the 2016 NABG Technical Conference in New Orleans, LA. September 2016. (Photo/Aisha Morris)

Geological Society of America Conference: 2016 RESESS interns Crystal Burgess and Leslie Montoya presented their summer work during oral presentations. RESESS alumni Jenny Nakai (2012) and Wes Weisberg (2014) also gave oral presentations at GSA. 2016 GLP intern Laura Fakhrai and USIP intern Sarah Moore presented their summer work during GSA poster sessions. 2016 RESESS intern Leslie Montoya received the 2016 Association for Women Geoscientists Minority Student Award and Jessica Whiteaker (GLP 2015) received the 2016 Minority Student Scholarship from the North-Central Section of GSA.

Prior to the start of the 2016 GSA meeting, UNAVCO (A. Morris) collaborated with the International Association for Geoscience Diversity to develop and execute an accessible field trip for geoscientists with disabilities. Nineteen total participants included four field trip leaders, 10 participants, four assistants, and one evaluator. The field trip visited the Colorado School of Mines Geology Museum, the I-70 road cut, Red Rocks Amphitheater, and Dinosaur Ridge.

Figure 4-7. Accessible field trip participants stand in front of the “Great Unconformity” near Red Rocks Amphitheater. September 2016.

4.6 ECE PROGRAM SUMMARY Q4 is traditionally the busiest for the UNAVCO ECE program with internship programs and professional development for interns wrapping up over summer. This is the second year of three formal internship programs with strong pan-UNAVCO participation. Many staff from GI, GDS and Business Affairs contribute to the internship programs and enable their success.

With the conclusion of Y3 of GAGE, the ECE staff have performed significant service to professional organizations providing leadership and expertise in multiple areas. D. Charlevoix serves as education editor for the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS). She also serves on the Board of Women and Minorities of the AMS and will transition to Commissioner of Education and Human Resources for AMS beginning January 2017. She serves on the planning committee for the SERC/NAGE 2017 Earth Educator’s Rendezvous. A. Morris serves on the leadership board of the Earth Science Women’s Network, as Councilor at Large to the NAGT Executive Committee and is a member of the AGU Excellence in Geophysical Education Award Committee. She also serves on the Advisory Committees for the Syracuse University EMPOWER NSF Research Traineeship Program, and the University of Minnesota Continental Scientific Drilling Coordination Office Outreach, Diversity, and Education Committee. S. Olds is vice-chair of the ESIP Education committee and will be forwarded to the nominating committee as Chair in January 2017. In September, B. Bartel was appointed newsletter editor for the Geological Society of America Science and Society division and in this position now serves as an ex-officio committee member to work on communications and engagement for the division. 64

5. Summary

The last quarter of GAGE Y3 was highly productive. The community was active and engaged through project planning, summer short courses, and governance. Geodetic Infrastructure made good progress on networks completion, operations and maintenance, as well as PI support both for EAR and PLR investigators. GDS managed a very positive transition to streamlined Systems Administration staffing, a number of open software development projects moved forward significantly or to completion, providing new data streams and data access tools to a spectrum of users despite Y3 attrition. Continued efforts to ensure IT infrastructure renewal and redundancy contributed to organizational resilience. ECE’s three internship programs were highly successful, strengthening UNAVCO’s community and organizational relationships. Overall, staffing changes have continued to pick up, as is expected going into the period of uncertainty that accompanies the recompetition process. UNAVCO has used these changes to judiciously optimize staffing between Y3Q4 and the end of the GAGE Facility.