Year Academic the 9 1 0 for

2 – 8 1 0 2 Report

Institute for Advanced Study Report for 2018–20 19 Cover: On March 19, 2019, Visiting Professor KAREN UHLENBECK became the first woman to win the Abel Prize. Uhlenbeck was cited “for her pioneering achievements in geometric partial differential equations, gauge theory, and integrable systems, and for the fundamental impact of her work on analysis, geometry, and mathematical physics.”

Opposite: South Lawn

COVER PHOTO: ANDREA KANE

Reports oftheChairandDirector Table of Contents Table of The InstituteforAdvancedStudy Special ProgramsandOutreach School ofHistoricalStudies School ofNaturalSciences School ofSocialScience School ofMathematics Record ofEvents 8 91 57 48 40 30 20 90 89 Administration 88 80 Acknowledgments 6 4 Independent Auditors’Report Present andPastDirectors andFaculty and oftheCorporation Founders, Trustees,andOfficersoftheBoard

DAN KOMODA DAN KOMODA

Report of the Chair

On March 14, 2019, the Institute for Advanced Study celebrated twenty-seven-year service on the Board. Brian had served as the value and astounding influence of basic research and Treasurer of the Corporation since 2006 and was one of our invited others to support IAS’s purpose and mission with the longest-serving Trustees. We are grateful for Brian’s broad and inaugural IAS Einstein Gala held in New York City. deep dedication to the Institute. I was honored to chair the gala, along with Sir James We were delighted to welcome new Trustees R. Marty Wolfensohn, former Chair of the Board (1986–2007). The Chavez, Global Co-Head of the Securities Division at Goldman event raised $3.5 million for the IAS and honored James Sachs, and Jörn Rausing, a non-executive director of the Tetra Simons, IAS Trustee Emeritus, and a former Member in the Laval Group Board. School of Mathematics who served as an IAS Trustee from I am immensely proud to lead an institution that provides 2001 to 2018. One of our most generous patrons, Jim was an exceptional environment for outstanding researchers and presented with the IAS Bamberger Medal, the highest honor scholars of the highest caliber, curiosity, and self-motivation to given by IAS to recognize visionary philanthropy in the spirit push the frontiers of knowledge.­ The ideas that are given the of Louis Bamberger and Caroline Bamberger Fuld, the brother time and space to emerge and evolve at the Institute lead over and sister who founded and endowed IAS in 1930, providing time to long-term utility and innovation. I am deeply grateful for its lasting and essential independence. for the dedication of our Trustees, Faculty, Members, Staff, The Institute’s mission to advance understanding across the and donors who help produce enduring and transformative sciences and humanities without concern for immediate appli­ knowledge and understanding­ around the world. cation is made possible only through visionary philanthropists like Jim. Charles Simonyi In May 2019, we recognized Brian Wruble’s exceptional Chair of the Board

Report of the Director

On April 10, 2019, the first image of a black hole made headlines We express deep appreciation to Patrick Geary, a leading around the world. It was the outcome of a large international historian of the Middle Ages, who transitions to Professor collaboration, but it started with a spectacular prediction of the Emeritus in the School of Historical Studies as of July 2019. general theory of relativity by IAS founding Professor Albert We are deeply grateful for Patrick’s scholarship, generosity, and Einstein. The Institute cultivates this type of deep thinking, leadership as a Professor since 2012, and we look forward to his often decades ahead of its time, that leads to knowledge of continued involvement in the IAS community. ­lasting value, providing greater returns in the long run in terms In two particularly uplifting moments of the year, Akshay of practical­ applications and impact on disciplines. Venkatesh, Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professor in the School We were pleased to welcome four new Professors in 2018–19: of Mathematics, was awarded a 2018 Fields Medal; and Karen Myles W. Jackson and Francesca Trivellato in the School of Histor­ Uhlenbeck, Visiting Professor in the School of Mathematics ical Studies; and Camillo De Lellis and Akshay Venkatesh in the with a forty-year affiliation with IAS, was recognized with the School of Mathematics. We were also delighted to announce the 2019 Abel Prize. Karen is the first woman to receive the honor appointments of five new Professors—Suzanne Conklin Akbari and is a co-founder of the Institute’s Women and Mathematics in the School of Historical Studies, Jacob Lurie in the School of Program, and the Park City Mathematics Institute. Mathematics, Alondra Nelson in the School of Social Science, The Institute’s endowment provides scholars with space and Jim Stone and Misha Tsodyks in the School of Natural and time and makes a critical difference to the institution’s Sciences—who will join IAS in 2019–20 and bring new fields continued success. I would like to thank our many supporters, and depth of study to IAS, from literary studies to neuroscience. Trustees, Faculty, Members, and Staff, for sustaining founding We were profoundly saddened by the deaths of three of our Director Abraham Flexner’s vision of an institute dedicated to Profes­sors: Christian Habicht, Professor Emeritus in the School of assembling a group of scientists and scholars who may “devote His­torical Studies, on August 6, 2018, at the age of 92; Jean Bour­ themselves to the task of pushing beyond the present limits of gain, Professor in the School of Mathematics, on December 22, 2018, human knowledge and to training those who may ‘carry on’ at the age of 64; and Irving Lavin, Professor Emeritus in the School in this sense.” of Historical Studies, on February 3, 2019, at the age of 91. Christian, Jean, and Irving are greatly missed by the Institute community Robbert Dijkgraaf and family, friends, and colleagues throughout the world. Director and Leon Levy Professor

4 ANDREA KANE

5 The Institute for Advanced Study

It was founding Director Abraham Flexner’s belief that if the Institute “eschews the chase for the useful, the minds of its scholars will be liberated, they will be free to take advantage of surprises, and someday an unexpected discovery, apparently leading nowhere, will be found to be an indispensable link in a long and complex chain that may open new worlds in theory and practice.” ANDREA KANE ANDREA KANE ANDREA KANE DAN KOMODA DAN

The Institute for Advanced Study is an international center for theoretical research and intellectual inquiry that creates time and space for solitary work as well as dialogue among some 250 visiting researchers each year from more than 100 institutions around the world and at various stages in their careers. In 2018–19, the Institute welcomed 268 visiting scholars and scientists, representing twenty-five countries. From postdocs with new perspectives and tools, to established experts who create and advance fields of inquiry, the Institute’s focused yet freely inquisitive atmosphere enables advance­ ment in unforeseeable ways, leading to societal innovation and new understanding. Research spans four Schools—Historical Studies, Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Social Science—and is focused on long-term and fundamental outcomes with no concern for immediate application. IAS is a scholar’s paradise—a campus of unparalleled energy and curiosity, free of external pressures and academic restraints where exceptional minds have limitless opportunity to explore what is not yet known. Thirty-four Nobel Laureates, forty-two of the sixty Fields Medalists, and eighteen of the twenty Abel Prize Laureates, as well as many winners of the Wolf and MacArthur prizes, have been affiliated with the Institute.

6 Long and complex chains of knowledge have developed in numerous and astounding ways through research originating at the Institute—from the development of programmable computers and the uncovering of deep symmetries of nature to establishing art history as a discipline in the United States and advances in societal understanding and historical practice. Albert Einstein, Kurt Gödel, Hetty Goldman, George F. Kennan, Erwin Panofsky, John von Neumann, and Hermann Weyl were among the first in a long line of distinguished ­Institute scientists and scholars to produce a deeper understanding of the physical world and of humanity.

At the Institute, everything is designed to encourage scholars KOMODA DAN to take their research to the next level. This includes creating and sustaining an environment where Members live in an academic village of apartments, originally designed by Marcel Breuer in 1957, at the edge of the Institute’s eight hundred acres of campus, woodland, and farmland. Members eat in the same dining hall, share common rooms and libraries, and carry out their work in an institutional setting where human scale has been carefully maintained to encourage the sharing of ideas, mutual understanding, and friendship. Each year a new intellectual mix is created by the Members. Young scholars meet the contemporaries who, with them, will be leading figures in their field in the future. Senior Members DAN KOMODA DAN have the time and freedom to initiate new lines of research. Freed from teaching and administration, Members are afforded ­opportunities for discussing their work with scholars and scientists from other fields. Here they are given the time to take advantage of serendipitous encounters at lunch, teatime, or at After Hours Conversations, an interdisciplinary program to encourage wide-ranging conversations in an informal environment. Throughout the year, the Institute hosts a broad array of concerts, lectures, and programs for the Institute community and the public. In addition, the Institute offers numerous and varied activities for Members, Visitors, and their families—from

children’s activities to play readings and jazz evenings. ANDREA KANE Faculty and Members experience precious freedom at the Institute, an independence enabled by the generosity of the ­Institute’s founders and subsequent benefactors, which leads to pioneering theories and the development of new knowledge. In the words of mathematical physicist Robbert Dijkgraaf, current IAS Director and Leon Levy Professor: “What do we know? What do we yet need to understand? How should we try to comprehend it? Fundamental research at the Institute furthers our grasp of a world of diverse facts, structures, ideas, and cultures. We share the conviction of our founders that such ­unrestricted deep thinking will change this world, but where

and how is always a surprise.” KOMODA DAN

7 Professor ANGELOS CHANIOTIS leads an Epigraphic Friday workshop, organized annually since 2013. The workshop attracted more than forty scholars from American and European universities in 2019. School of Historical Studies

The School of Historical Studies, established in 1949 with the merging of the School of Economics and Politics and the School of Humanistic Studies, actively promotes interdisciplinary research and cross-fertilization of ideas, thereby encouraging the creation of new historical enterprises.

THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES bears no resemblance to a traditional academic history department, but rather supports all learning FACULTY for which historical methods are appropriate. Its Faculty and Members Yve-Alain Bois embrace a historical approach to research throughout the humanistic Angelos Chaniotis disciplines, from socioeconomic developments, political theory, and Nicola Di Cosmo modern international relations to the history of art, science, philosophy, Luce Foundation Professor music, and literature. In geographical terms, the School concentrates in East Asian Studies primarily on the history of Western, Near Eastern, and Far Eastern civi­ Patrick J. Geary Andrew W. Mellon Professor lizations, with emphasis on Greek and Roman civilization, the history of Jonathan Haslam Europe (medieval, early modern, and modern), the Islamic world, and George F. Kennan Professor East Asia. Support has been extended to the history of other regions, Myles W. Jackson including Central Asia, India, and Africa. Sabine Schmidtke The Faculty and Members of the School do not adhere to any one point Francesca Trivellato of view but practice a range of methods of inquiry and scholarly styles, both traditional and innovative. Uniquely positioned to sponsor work that PROFESSORS EMERITI crosses conventional departmental and professional boundaries, the School Glen W. Bowersock actively promotes interdisciplinary research and cross-fertilization of Caroline Walker Bynum ideas, thereby encouraging the creation of new historical enterprises. Giles Constable As in the preceding year, Professor Yve-Alain Bois’s long-term project, Christian Habicht the catalogue raisonné of the paintings, reliefs, and sculpture of Ellsworth deceased August 6, 2018 Kelly took most of his time in 2018–19 (he completed a draft at the end of Jonathan Israel the summer and will spend part of the academic year 2019–20 editing it). Irving Lavin deceased February 3, 2019 Given his focus on this project, which involves a radical transformation of Peter Paret the age-old “catalogue raisonné” model, essential to the discipline of Heinrich von Staden art history, the number of his publications were limited. He helped the ­editors of the British Journal of Contemporary Painting in their publication of the papers given at a symposium dedicated to his own work (including

ANDREA KANE revising the translation of several of his essays, originally published in

9 French, into English). Similarly, he helped sixteenth-century Italian painter Giovani gréco-romain, Geneva 2018); together edit the special issue of the journal October Battista Moroni in conjunction with the with Christian Witschel (Heidelberg), devoted to film scholar Annette Michel­ exhibition dedicated to his portraits at the he edited a collection­ of epigraphical son, recently deceased, to which he con­ Frick Collection in New York City. essays of his late colleague­ in Heidelberg tributed an essay on her early art criticism. The art history seminar was very Géza Alföldy (Die epigraphische Kultur der In November 2018, Bois gave a talk at ­productive with presentations by each Römer. Studien zu ihrer Bedeutung, Entwick- the two-day symposium devoted to the ­participant, several of them specialists of lung und Erforschung, Stuttgart 2018). art historian Robert Klein at the Villa I medieval and Renaissance art (Noa Turel, Chaniotis gave twenty-five lectures at Tatti in Florence and in March, he was Benjamin Anderson, Alison Perchuk, conferences, universities, museums, and invited as the Stephen E. Ostrow Distin­ Catherine Fernandez, Eric Palazzo, Giulia cultural centers in China, Greece, Japan, guished Visitor by Reed College (Portland, Puma, Jeanette Kohl, and Barbara Baert), Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the Oregon), where he gave a lecture on Matisse as well a specialist of Byzantine archaeology United States. Many of his lectures focused and held four seminars on various topics. (Ralf Bockmann), and of photography on his research on the history of emotions At the IAS, Bois organized a series of (Maggie Hennefeld). Three of these pre­ and his new research project on the trans­ public lectures in art history. The first sentations were public (Perchuk on “The formations of night life from the fourth three speakers had previously been IAS Unbearable Lightness of Whiteness: Rac­ century B.C.E. to the fourth century Members: in December, Eric Michaud of ism and Medievalism in the Architecture C.E. He also presented a Massive Open the École des Hautes Études en Sciences of Prewar Los Angeles”; Kohl on “Hic Online Course (in Greek) on the subject Sociales (Paris) gave the talk “The Est Homo Platonis: Embodied Platonism ­“Memory, Feeling, Faith: The Human ­Barbarian Invasions: A Genealogy of in Renaissance Art”; and Fernandez on Face of Post-Classical Hellenism,” which the History of Art”; in March, Nicola “Matrix as Ornament: The Medieval was presented by Crete University Press. Suthor of Yale University spoke about Afterlife of Intaglios and the Retrospection Chaniotis’s most recent book Age of Rembrandt’s drawings; and Maria Loh of Function”) and attracted members of Conquests: The Greek World from Alexander of Hunter College spoke about Titian’s the IAS community as well as scholars to Hadrian (Profile Books and Harvard famous painting at the Borghese Gallery from Princeton University, Rutgers University Press, 2018) has been translated in Rome, Sacred and Profane Love. Finally, ­University, and New York University. into Italian and Spanish, and translations in April, David Young Kim of the Uni­ The main focus of Professor Angelos in Chinese, German, Greek, and Russian versity of Pennsylvania gave a talk on the Chaniotis’s work remains the study of are in preparation. In February 2019, Cha­ inscriptions and the information they niotis received an honorary degree from ­provide for Greek social, cultural, and the Ionian University in recognition of his FACULTY & EMERITI HONORS religious history. He co-edited Supplemen- contribution to the study of Greek history. Yve-Alain Bois will give the 2020 tum Epigraphicum Graecum LXIV (Leiden The research activity of Nicola Di A.W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts 2018) and worked on his book Epigraphic Cosmo, Luce Foundation Professor in at the National Gallery of Art in Research at Aphrodisias, 1995–2015, as well East Asian Studies, involved four separate Washington, D.C. as on the publication of graffiti found in areas; the most important is global medie­ Angelos Chaniotis was awarded the Aphrodisias. He also supervised the digi­ val interactions and, in particular, the role title of Doctor honoris causa by the tization of squeezes of Greek inscriptions of the Mongol empire in Eurasian history. Ionian University. at the IAS, a project generously funded Two chapters for the Cambridge History of by the Fowler Merle-Smith Family Trust the Mongol Empire were completed (both Patrick J. Geary was elected to the and the Charles Simonyi Fund for Arts forthcoming) and basic research went into American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and Sciences. The workshop “Epigraphic a book provisionally titled Venice and the and was honored with a conference at the ­Friday,” which he has organized since Mongols: Reshaping the Silk Road in Medieval University of California, Los Angeles. 2013, attracted on March 15, 2019, more Eurasia, which hopefully will be com­ Myles W. Jackson was named to the than forty scholars and graduate students pleted during the next academic year. Board of Directors of the American from American and European universities. A second field that continues to be Friends of the Alexander von Humboldt Subjects related to epigraphy as well as actively pursued is the interaction Foundation. Greek literature, religion, art history, and between climate and history. The essay papyrology were treated by Members and “Maligned Exchanges: The Uyghur-Tang Irving Lavin was posthumously named Visitors in the Ancient Studies Seminar Trade in the Light of Climate Data” (in Grand’Ufficiale dell’Ordine al Merito (October 2018–April 2019). In addition Texts and Transformations, Cambria Press, della Repubblica Italiana. to his epigraphic research, Chaniotis 2018) provides a reading of historical and Sabine Schmidtke was elected a edited a conference volume dedicated to literary sources in tandem with climatic Foreign Corresponding Member of the perceptions­ and realities of the night reconstructions, using the latter to the Académie des Inscriptions et in the Greco-Roman world (La nuit. ­understand the former. Similar research is Belles-Lettres. Imaginaire et réalités nocturnes dans le monde now being pursued by several research

10 THOMAS CLARKE THOMAS ANDREA KANE

Left: Recent research activities of NICOLA DI COSMO (far back), Luce Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies, include the study of global medieval interactions and the role of the Mongol empire in Eurasian history; the interaction between climate and history; the economic foundations of non-state agents; and the relationship between ancient China and neighboring communities and polities. Right: PATRICK GEARY, Andrew W. Mellon Professor, shown participating in a lunchtime seminar, explored the population structures and movement between the Danubian frontier and sixth-century Italy through genomic analysis. teams across the world that focus on the Exeter (keynote), and Wake Forest. approach to the study of laws in the natu­ ­congruence of scientific and historical Activities within the IAS included ral and social sciences. In March, he spent datasets in order to achieve a better inter­ chairing the search for the professorship a week at the University of Birmingham’s pretation of past events. This trend has in medieval studies (completed with the Institute for Advanced Studies to continue major methodological implications for appointment of Suzanne Akbari), serving mentoring this group. He presented the both paleoclimate and historical sciences. on the IAS Ad Hoc Committee, Diversity plenary address at an international confer­ A third area of activity is the study of Committee, and Title IX Committee, ence in Catalonia on Bishop Oliba of war and violence in comparative perspec­ and organizing the East Asian Studies Vic and his epoch and a number of tive. Di Cosmo completed a chapter titled Seminar series inclusive of both Social ­presentations on contemporary directions “Violence in Inner Asian history” for the Science and Historical Studies Members in historical research. These included a Cambridge History of Violence (forthcoming) (twelve meetings were convened). ­lecture at the University of New Mexico and has been involved in the production Patrick J. Geary, Andrew W. Mellon on “Weaponizing the Middle Ages 1990– of a book on “non-state war economies” Professor, explored with his team the 2019” and at the American Historical as author and co-editor (together with population structures and movement Association’s convention in Chicago on Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Pro­ between the Danubian frontier and Italy the impact of modern genomics research fessor in the School of Social Science, and through genomic analysis in the sixth on the study of history. At the March Clémence Pinaud of Indiana University). century, the results of which appeared in meeting of the Medieval Academy of The collective volume aims to expand the Nature Communications. The article was America, he spoke on the challenges of study of the economic foundations of cited in Nature’s 2019 ranking of the transcultural collaboration in writing world non-state agents both in the contemporary Institute for Advanced Study among the history. Also in April, all of his former world and in historical perspective by top five institutions in its annual normal­ students as well as colleagues from the adopting a multidisciplinary approach. ized analysis of leading research institu­ United States, Europe, and Asia honored A fourth area of activity concerns the tions. He and his team continue their him at a two-day conference, “Visions of relationship between ancient China and work, expanding the chronology of their Medieval Studies in North America: A neighboring communities and polities, investigations backward and forward in conference in honor of Patrick J. Geary,” at which involves a major change of per­ order to develop a dynamic image of the University of California, Los Angeles, spective in light of archaeological discov­ population changes at the end of antiquity. the institution at which he taught for eries and comparative history, namely, a He presented the preliminary­ results eighteen years before joining the Faculty new interpretation of the origins of the of this ongoing work in Heidelberg at of the Institute. In May, he hosted a Great Wall of China based on debates the EMBO | EMBL Symposium on reunion of medievalist Members from about borders, borderlands, and frontiers ­Reconstructing the Human Past—Using the year 2014–15 who returned to the in early modern Europe and America as Ancient and Modern Genomics. Institute for two days to report on the well as the archaeological cultures of bor­ In October, he hosted a meeting of ­status of the work that they pursed at the derland communities in ancient China’s early career scholars from international Institute and on their current research. “northern zone.” Lectures on the above university-based institutes for advanced Finally, in June, he once more chaired topics were given at Oxford, Vienna, study to develop an interdisciplinary the MA defenses in the Department of

11 ANDREA KANE DAN KOMODA DAN

Left: Drawing on her research and reading from her recent publication Studying the Near and Middle East at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, 1935– 2018, Professor SABINE SCHMIDTKE explores the eighty years of Near and Middle East research that has taken place at IAS. Right: George F. Kennan Professor JONATHAN HASLAM organized the S. T. Lee Lecture by Stephen Kotkin (above) titled “Stalin at War,” which he presented to a full house in Wolfensohn Hall.

­Medieval Studies at the Central European state and Communist party archives in intellectual property, and knowability at University in Budapest as he has done Athens in the year thereafter (2020–21). a conference at the Max-Planck-Institute annually for over a quarter century. As Crucial declassified top secret documents for the History of Science in Berlin. He of July 1, 2019, he became officially are also to be found in archives located also delivered a keynote, university-wide Emeritus Professor. in Bulgaria, Serbia, Poland, the Czech lecture at the University of Venice on George F. Kennan Professor Jonathan Republic, and Russia. intellectual property, genomics, and race Haslam has now completed a manuscript A good deal of time in 2018–19 was as well as a lecture at a conference there amounting to some 180,000 words on the spent preparing for the S.T. Lee Lecture on music, art, and technology. Finally, he role of Bolshevism and anti-Bolshevism by Stephen Kotkin of Princeton Univer­ was a keynote speaker at the annual con­ in the origins of the Second World War. sity on “Stalin at War,” which proved an ference of the Association for Research in The research encompassed published outstanding success to a packed lecture Otolaryngology where he spoke on the and unpublished documents from many hall. The subsequent seminar, to which a role of physics and physiology to piano ­foreign ministries—Britain, Ireland, the stellar cast of historians from both Europe pedagogy during the late nineteenth and United States, France, Germany, Poland, and the United States contributed their early twentieth centuries. the Baltic states, Spain, Italy, Russia, efforts, also turned up trumps. We do not In addition to giving a public lecture ­Sweden, and (published material only) know all the answers, but we certainly as part of the Board of Trustees meetings the Vatican; plus collections of private have a clearer sense of the questions to ask. in October, Jackson also gave lectures to papers and, last but not least, the archives Haslam’s blog, Throughrussianeyes. AMIAS (on radio engineers, physicists, of the Communist International. com, has now reached one hundred and musicians in Berlin during the 1920s He is now preparing for his next ­iterations and is expected to continue and ’30s), to IAS astrophysicists (on ­project on the international dimensions through to retirement, if not beyond. ­artisanal knowledge and experimental of the civil war in Greece (1946–49) that Professor Myles W. Jackson is working natural philosophy in nineteenth-century marked the first bloodshed in the Cold on two projects. The first is a book-length astronomy), and to the Biology Advisory War between the Soviet Union and its study on the exchanges between natural Council headed by Arnie Levine, Profes­ former allies. No one has yet pulled scientists (specifically physicists and physi­ sor Emeritus in the School of Natural together all the pieces of the jigsaw that, ologists), radio engineers, and musicians. Sciences (on HIV/AIDS, the molecular on first sight, illustrate serious differences The second project is a popular work biology of race, and gene patenting). within the international Communist dealing with the relationship between Jackson participated in the new project movement over how to proceed in the face ­science and society over the past 250 of the German photographer Herlinde of resolute British and American opposi­ years. In 2018–19, he finished an article Koelbl on “The Fascination of Science,” tion. For this purpose and for the entire for ­inclusion in a forthcoming volume which will culminate in an exhibition academic year to come, Haslam is focusing on intellectual property, ownership, and next year touring Germany and a forth­ his time on learning modern Greek with a knowability edited by Mario Biagioli and coming book. It details the work of view to mastering all the published mate­ Dagmar Schäfer with MIT Press. “leading scholars” worldwide. Jackson rial in the language prior to working in the Jackson presented a paper on genomics, has been named a research associate

12 DAN KOMODA DAN

Myles W. Jackson (center) worked on a book-length study on the exchanges between physiologists and physicists, radio engineers, and musicians. Additionally, he is creating a popular work dealing with the relationship between science and society over the past 250 years.

(non-­stipendiary) of the Max-Planck-­ ­additional grants from the Gerard B. of MS Shiraz, Library of the Faculty of Institute for the Science of Human Lambert Foundation, the Charles and Lisa ­Medicine at the University of Shiraz (ʿAllāma ­History (Jena, Germany), and delivered Simonyi Fund for Arts and Sciences, and Ṭabāṭabāʾī Library), majmūʿa 102, Gorgias the commencement­ address at Friedrich- the Ruth Stanton Foundation supported Press, 2019; with H. Ansari). Schiller-Universität Jena in June. the project, allowing for the digitization Schmidtke also completed a theme His IAS colloquium series in the of some additional­ collections of Yemeni issue for the journal Intellectual History of ­history of science was quite strong in ­manuscripts in Italy (Rome, Naples). the Islamicate World, “Writing in My Own the spring term of 2019, averaging about Within the framework of the NEH Script: Allographic and Garshunographic eighty attendees per lecture (five lectures project, the collections of Yemeni manu­ Systems in Late Antiquity” (co-edited in total). The series will continue next scripts in Leiden, Munich, and Berlin with G. A. Kiraz, to be published in two year. Jackson is collaborating with the have been digitized and will soon be fascicles in September 2019 and April Alan Alda Center for Communicating uploaded to the HMML virtual reading 2020) and did most of the work for Science of SUNY-Stony Brook in order room. Through additional funding provi­ another theme issue to be published in to increase the links between the center ded by the Carnegie Corporation of New the same journal, “The Arabic Literary and IAS. York, digital surrogates of three private Genizah” (co-edited with G. Khan and He has also been playing a role in manuscript collections in Sanaa and S. Stroumsa). the history-of-science community at Sa’da have been cleaned up and prepared In the field of the Arabic Bible, Princeton University, specifically in for upload unto vHMML. Moreover, Schmidtke completed, with Camilla their graduate student colloquium, and Schmidtke published several articles Adang, the monograph Muslim Receptions speaking to Ph.D. students about their on the subject as well as a monograph, and Perceptions of the Bible: Texts and various dissertation subjects. ­Traditional Yemeni Scholarship amidst ­Studies (published by Lockwood Press), In 2018–19, Professor Sabine ­Political Turmoil and War: Muḥammad b. as well as another monograph (with Schmidtke focused on the Zaydi tradition Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl b. al-Muṭahhar Ansari), “Medieval Imami Theology: An of Yemen and Northern Iran, the Arabic al-Manṣūr (1915–2016) and His Personal Archaeological Inquiry into Texts and Bible, as well as Islamic doctrinal thought. Library (Cordoba: UCOPress, 2018). their Transmissions,” which has been In addition to several lectures on the In the field of Islamic intellectual accepted for publication in the series Arabo­- Zaydi manuscript tradition, Schmidtke ­history, Schmidtke published facsimile Islamica (Cordoba: UCOPress) and will oversaw the flourishing of the partnership editions of two multiple-text volumes, be published in spring 2020. In the field with Hill Museum & Manuscript Library one held by the New York Public Library of Shii Studies, Schmidtke completed (HMML) at St. John’s University, (Materials for the Intellectual History of (with H. Ansari) the third volume­ of the ­Collegeville, in Minnesota to build up a Imāmī Shīʿism in the Safavid Period: A peer­-reviewed journal Shii Studies Review repository that will eventually host digital ­Facsimile Edition of Ms New York Public published by Brill, Leiden (www.brill. surrogates of most manuscripts pertaining Library, Arabic Manuscripts Collections, com/ssr). In addition to this, she is to the Zaydi literary tradition. In addition Volume 51985A, Gorgias Press, 2018) and ­currently finalizing, together with Long- to funding provided for the continuation another one held in the Allama Tababa’i term Member Hassan Ansari and a team of the project by the National Endowment library in Shiraz, Iran (The Zaydī reception of collaborators based in Iran, critical­ for the Humanities (2018–21), three of Bahšamite Muʿtazilism: Facsimile Edition ­editions of three doctrinal works by

13 Medieval Muslim authors, which will at the Institute with a large and diverse about Jews and Finance Tells Us about the be published before the summer of 2020 group of Members studying subjects Making of European Commercial Society (by Gorgias Press and Brill), namely “A related to the Near and Middle East, reconceptualizes Europe’s century-long Muʿtazilite Commentary on a Seminal though not necessarily to Islam. The struggle with idealized views of the Ashʿarite work: Ibn Abi l-Hadid’s group was highly international with ­market as a leveling playing field and the ­Critique of the K. al-Muhassal by Fakhr Members from the United Kingdom, hidden dangers that lurk behind complex al-Din al-Razi: A Critical Edition Italy, Germany, Spain, Iran, and the credit transactions. The book’s preface was and Study”; “Imāmī Theology in United States. Over the course of the reprinted in the Spring 2019 Institute Letter 12th-Century Syria: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. year, the Members regularly met in a and an interview with the author is avail­ ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Ḥusaynī and His biweekly lively seminar (in addition to able on the New Books Network podcast. Commentary on al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī’s a great deal of socializing), which was As part of a long-term project on the Muqaddama. A Critical Edition”; and also frequented by Members from the business history of early modern Tuscany, “Muʿtazilite Natural Philosophy during Institute’s School of Social Science, Trivellato wrote three articles on the the 5th/11th Century: K. al-Masāʾil fī ­Princeton University graduate students ­legacy of Jakob Burckhardt on the scholar­ l-khilāf bayn al-Baṣriyyīn wa-l-Baghdādiyyīn and faculty, former Members of the IAS, ship on the economic history of Renais­ by Abū Rashīd al-Nīsābūrī. A Critical and occasional visitors. sance Florence and its recent orientations.­ Edition.” Editions of additional works The academic year 2018–19 was She also contributed an essay to the concerned with questions of doctrine and Professor­ Francesca Trivellato’s first year ­catalogue of the first exhibit of the new natural philosophy are in preparation. on the Faculty of the School of Historical National Museum of Italian Jewry and Over the course of the year, Schmidtke Studies. She convened a seminar with the Shoah, as well as a preface to the organized a number of major events. In Members in Early Modern Europe and re-edition of a book on the Italian Jewish collaboration with G. A. Kiraz, senior adjacent fields, as well as a few colleagues diaspora in Palestine from the Middle Research Associate in the School of and graduate students from Princeton Ages to the mid-twentieth century ­Historical Studies, Schmidtke convened University. In the course of fourteen (Attilio Milano, Storia degli ebrei italiani a two-day conference “Scribal Habits in ­sessions, presenters covered topics as in Levante, 1949). in Middle Eastern Manuscripts” in May. diverse as medieval priests’ sexuality and She continues to work closely with In the framework of the Shii Studies masculinity, marine insurance, trade in doc­toral students at Yale and other research program (funded by the ­Carnegie East Turkmenistan, and race relations in ­institutions, and to serve the historical ­Corporation of New York), Schmidtke colonial New England’s religious musical profession in many capacities, including convened the conference (with Ansari) performances. A cluster of papers on as a member of the American Historical “Yemeni Manuscript Collections and ­sixteenth-century Europe generated some Review’s editorial board. Zaydi Studies” in December. Moreover, of the liveliest discussions. Trivellato traveled as near as New in the SSRP framework, Schmidtke The culmination of a decade of York City and as far as Kolkata to hosted over the course of the year some research and writing, Trivellato’s latest ­lecture on her recently published and eleven international scholars specializing book appeared in February 2019 from ongoing work. She especially appreciates in Shii Studies as short-term visitors. Princeton University Press. The Promise the warm welcome extended to her Schmidtke also spent much of her time and Peril of Credit: What a Forgotten Legend by colleagues at Princeton University, THOMAS CLARKE THOMAS DAN KOMODA DAN

Left: FRANCESCA TRIVELLATO’s latest book, The Promise and Peril of Credit (Princeton University Press 2019) reconceptualizes Europe’s century-long struggle with idealized views of the market as a level playing field and the hidden dangers that lurk behind complex credit transactions. Right: Professor Emeritus JONATHAN ISRAEL (left) finalized the fourth and last part of his general survey of the “Radical Enlightenment,” a volume of more than 900 pages titled “The Enlightenment that Failed,” forthcoming from Oxford University Press in December 2019.

14 where she gave a talk in the series of the at New York University on the ancient by Oxford University Press in December Committee for the Study of Books and site of Ẓafār in southwestern Yemen. 2019. Besides taking further the widening Media as well as the annual Eberhard L. This was the capital of Himyar in late historiographical controversy the series Faber Class of 1915 Memorial Lecture antiquity, with a population of pagans, has provoked, and carrying forward the hosted by the European Cultural Studies. Jews, and Christians. At the epigraphic overall story, chrono­logically, into the Along with Angela Creager, Director seminar that his colleague Professor early nineteenth century, this finalvolume ­ of the Shelby Cullom Davis Center for Angelos Chaniotis organized on March has several retrospective chapters adding Historical Studies, she organized a work­ 15, 2019, Bowersock contributed a paper material about some earlier aspects to­gether shop in honor of the ninetieth birthday on a new Greek inscription of Roman with two preliminary chapters showing of Natalie Zemon Davis, one of the great imperial date from the Heidelberg how, at an earlier stage, “Radical Renais­ historians of the twentieth and twenty­- excavations­ at Ẓafār. He was delighted sance” and “Radical Reformation” laid first centuries, who was formerly an IAS to be included in the volume that his down certain patterns of thought, attack­ Member and on the Princeton faculty. ­colleague Professor Sabine Schmidtke ing the supremacy of theology and sketch­ A video of the event is available on the recently published on Near Eastern ing out ideas of equality that later became IAS website and the workshop papers are ­studies at the IAS from its earliest days. mainstays of the “Radical Enlightenment.” published in open access as a volume of He also published articles on Palestine One of the main themes of the book H-France Salon. and late Roman mosaics as well as papers is how exactly we should differentiate the In August 2018, Professor Emeritus to honor the retirement of Jean-Louis “Radical Enlightenment” tradition as a Glen Bowersock saw the culmination of Ferrary and former Member Maurice whole, over the century and a half of its a long-term project to digitize and make Sartre. As in previous years, he profited history from the late seventeenth down to public more than 5,000 photographs that from conversation with Members, the early nineteenth century, from early the eminent French epigraphist and his­ ­particularly Gabriele Pedullà on socialism and Marxism. The volume torian Louis Robert had left in his per­ seventeenth­ ­-century antiquarians, Rubina ­concludes with what is presented as Karl sonal archive when he died. They depict Raja on Palmyrene portraits, and Barbara Marx’s conversion as a young intellectual, landscapes and inscriptions largely in Baert on Kairos (time) in art. in 1844, from what previously was a Turkey, though not exclusively, over the During 2017–2018, Professor Emeritus ­democratic radicalism quite distinct from decades from 1932 to 1962, and they are Caroline Bynum wrote a lengthy epilogue­ socialism into a thinker suddenly immersed, precious documents both for surviving to the volume Religious Materiality­ in the from 1844 onwards, in economics and antiquities and for the Anatolian world Early Modern World edited by Suzanna socialism with very different views on after Kemal Atatürk. Robert’s widow had Ivanič, Mary Laven, and Andrew politics, equality, and academic philosophy entrusted Bowersock with responsibility ­Morrall; this essay will finally appear than he had held earlier. for this archive, and he invited former from Amsterdam University Press in the During the latter half of the year, Member Jean-Louis Ferrary in Paris to fall of 2019. In 2018–19, she wrote the Israel also completed his smaller new join him. The entire archive of photo­ article “Interrogating ‘Likeness’: Fake book, Revolutionary Jews from Spinoza to graphs, on negatives, glass plates, and Friends, Similia Similibus, and Heavenly Marx which seeks to explain why a prints, was digitized through the efforts Crowns” for the journal Historische ­powerful revolutionary consciousness of incoming IAS Members (2019–20) Anthropologie to appear late in 2019 or arose around the fringes of the Jewish Thibaut Boulay and Anne-Valérie Pont. early in 2020. She continued to work world, from Spinoza’s time onwards, They were grateful to be able to use on a collection of essays on devotional among Jewish intellectuals rebelling funds available to them through the objects in late medieval and early modern against religious tradition and filled with ­Institut Universitaire de France. northern Europe to be titled Dissimilar an avid desire to reform the world they With the indispensable help of Similitudes. The essays deal with, among lived in. David Nassy, Zalkind Hourwitz, ­Jonathan Peele at the IAS, the photo­ other things, some objects in the Metro­ Ludwig Boerne, Moses Hess, and the graphs were made accessible to all politan Museum of Art in New York, poet Heine are among the revolutionaries ­interested scholars on the Flickr website and Bynum enjoyed speaking to IAS and writers portrayed in detail. This www.flickr.com/people/aibl_archive_of_ Members and Faculty about these on smaller book also has a chapter on Marx louis_robert/. The Flickr page includes ­several occasions. but here in more detail especially with an open invitation to identify the images The main focus of Professor Emeritus respect to Marx’s early notes on Spinoza, and to publish any of them without Jonathan Israel’s research and writing and what their significance is, and how ­further permission. The response has been during the first half of the academic year Marx became a “Marxist” from 1844. overwhelming. Many identifications can was on finalizing the text of the fourth In recent months, having completed now be consulted on the website, and and last part of his general survey of the his work on these volumes, Israel has some inscriptions have already been pub­ “Rad­ical Enlightenment,” a volume of made a start on what will be his main lished or incorporated in current research. more than 900 pages titled The Enlighten­ research project from now to 2026 by Bowersock participated in a colloquium ment that Failed. It is due to be published which date he is contracted to complete a

15 large volume on the subject of Spinoza’s Professor Emeritus Peter Paret has a work of a former student, Donald life and legacy. Based partly on new exchanged active for contemplative Abenheim, Rettet den Staatsbürger in research, and ongoing research being ­scholarship, barring a few exceptions. Uniform­ (Potsdam, 2018), published ­carried out, not least in the special IAS In March, he gave a lecture at Princeton reviews in The Journal of Central European Spinoza collection, the aim is to produce University on “The Impact of Clause­ History and The Journal of Military History, a fuller more detailed biography of this witz’s Early Life on his Theories and and is currently working on essays on the major figure than has been available up ­Politics,” an expanded version of which history of his family to supplement his until now. will be published in the Journal of Military autobiographical essay “External Events, Now past his ninety-fifth birthday, History. He has written an introduction to Inner Drives” that appeared in 2015.

The Institute for Advanced Minor to Greek religion. Study was deeply saddened He was also a pioneer by the loss of Christian in the use of electronic Habicht and Irving Lavin, media in epigraphic and Professors Emeriti in the prosopographical studies. School of Historical Studies. His published work is of A celebrated historian of ­lasting value and will the Hellenistic period and remain an inspiration for leading authority on Greek ancient historians.” RANDALL HAGADORN RANDALL ANDREA KANE epigraphy, Habicht died at CHRISTIAN HABICHT (left) and IRVING LAVIN (right) were both appointed Lavin was distinguished the age of 92 on August 6, to the Faculty of the School in 1973 and made the Institute their intellectual by his charismatic and 2018. Lavin, one of America’s home for forty-five years. challenging teaching, most distinguished art historians, died at the age of 91 on rigorous search for the relationship between form and meaning February 3, 2019. in the visual arts, and the conviction that the study of the history Both Habicht and Lavin were appointed to the Faculty in of art was the study of the history of ideas. He was renowned for 1973. Habicht’s remarkable contributions to ancient history shed his tenacious explorations of difficult subjects, and his willingness light on Athenian society in the centuries between the fall of the to see all the facets and possibilities of their solutions. Lavin’s Athenian empire and the establishment of the Roman empire. deep knowledge of Italian art and culture was the result of over “With his studies on Athenian elite families from Alexander fifty years of study, particularly in Rome, where he embraced to Cleopatra, Christian Habicht redefined the study of Athenian the city and encouraged Italian art history to move into the history,” said Angelos Chaniotis, Professor of Ancient History world of intellectual creativity. and Classics. “His book on the Hellenistic ruler cult is such an “Irving Lavin continued to be part of the life of the School unsurpassed scholarly achievement that an English translation of Historical Studies until a few weeks before his passing. The was published sixty years after its first edition. Although breadth of his knowledge on the history of art and culture ­Christian Habicht hated to be in the center of attention, his was phenomenal, as was his ability to recognize connections research of more than sixty years has placed him in the center of between seemingly disparate phenomena,” said Chaniotis. scholarly attention in a variety of fields, from Greek society to “With an alert mind and youthful curiosity, he took a genuine Hellenistic royalty, from the traveler Pausanias to the orator and interest in the projects of the Members, created bridges between statesman Cicero, and from the epigraphy of Thessaly and Asia the disciplines, and stimulated discussions.”

2018–19 MEMBERS AND VISITORS

f First Term F s Second Term F m Long-term Member F v Visitor

Benjamin Anderson Michelle Armstrong-Partida Eugenio Biagini Stephen Bokenkamp Byzantine Art and Architecture F Medieval Gender, Sexuality, Women’s History of Ireland in the Twentieth Medieval Chinese Religion and Cornell University F f History F The University of Texas at Century F University of Literature F Arizona State Funding provided by the Hetty El Paso Cambridge F f University F f Goldman Membership Fund Funding provided by The Gladys Willis F. Doney Member Edwin C. and Elizabeth A. Krieble Delmas Foundation Whitehead Fellow Hassan Farhang Ansari Ralf Bockmann Islamic Law and Theology F Institute Barbara Baert Byzantine Archaeology and History of Marilyn Booth for Advanced Study F m Iconology, Medieval Art, Art F Deutsches Archäologisches Arab and Arabic Intellectual History, Funding provided by Carnegie Anthropology F Katholieke Institut, Rome Gender History, Translation Studies Corporation of New York Universiteit Leuven F s Funding provided by the Hetty University of Oxford F f Funding provided by the Fund for Goldman Membership Fund Willis F. Doney Member Historical Studies

16 Warren Brown Glenda Goodman Lydia Liu Dagmar Schaefer Early Medieval Social History F American Music History F University Global History and Modern History F History of Science in China F Max- California Institute of Technology F of Pennsylvania Columbia University Planck-Institut für s The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Funding provided by The Andrew W. Wissenschafts­geschichte F s Funding provided by the Patrons’ Fellowships for Assistant Professors Mellon Foundation Funding provided by the Hetty Endowment Fund Goldman Membership Fund Katja Guenther Scott Lucas Juliette Cadiot History of the Human Sciences F Islamic Intellectual History F The Eric Schluessel Russian and Soviet Studies F École des Princeton University University of Arizona F f Early Modern Chinese and East Asian Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, History F University of Montana Sean Gurd Nathan Martin Paris The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Classical Sound Studies F University History of Music Theory F University William D. Loughlin Member Fellowships for Assistant Professors of Missouri–Columbia of Michigan Cristina Carusi AMIAS Member Edward T. Cone Member in Music Brian Steininger Studies Japanese History F Princeton Ancient Greek History, Greek Earle Havens Epigraphy F The University of Texas History of the Book in Early Modern Christian Mauder University F f at Austin The Starr Foundation East Asian Europe, Digital History F Johns Mamluk Studies, Islamicate Intellectual Martin L. and Sarah F. Leibowitz Studies Endowment Fund Member Hopkins University F f History F Universität Leipzig Member Funding provided by the Herodotus Gerda Henkel Stiftung Member Seiichi Suzuki Fund Julian Casanova Matthew Melvin-Koushki Anglo-Saxon and Carolingian Studies F Social History, Comparative History F Yuming He Early Modern Islamicate Intellectual and Kansai Gaidai University Universidad de Zaragoza Early Modern Chinese Cultural Imperial History F University of Tommaso Tesei Funding provided by The Andrew W. History F University of California, South Carolina F v Mellon Foundation Late Antiquity, the Qur’an, Early Davis F f Johannes Pahlitzsch Islam F Van Leer Jerusalem Institute Hilde De Weerdt Funding provided by the Patrons’ Patricia Crone Member Endowment Fund Byzantine Studies F Johannes Chinese Medieval History F Gutenberg-Universität Mainz F s Pier Mattia Tommasino Universiteit Leiden F s Maggie Hennefeld Funding provided by the Herodotus Early Modern Europe and the Muslim Funding provided by the Fund for Film and Media Studies F University Fund World F Columbia University Historical Studies of Minnesota, Twin Cities Infosys Member The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Eric Palazzo Martino Diez Medieval Art History, History of Fellowships for Assistant Professors Noa Turel Intellectual History of the Islamicate Medieval Liturgy F Université de Late Medieval and Renaissance Art World F Università Cattolica del Sacro Hans Hummer Poitiers History F University of Alabama at Cuore, Milan F s Social History of Medieval Europe F Elinor Lunder Founders’ Circle Member Willis F. Doney Member Wayne State University Birmingham F s George William Cottrell, Jr. Member Nikolaos Papazarkadas Funding provided by the Herodotus Katherine Epstein Ancient Greek History, Greek Fund Modern Anglo-American Legal, Carina Johnson Epigraphy F University of California, Karina Urbach Diplomatic, and Military History F Early Modern Habsburg Cultural Berkeley F f Modern International Relations and Rutgers, the State University of History F Pitzer College F s Funding provided by the Herodotus New Jersey Hans Kohn Member Fund Jewish Family History F University of Frederick Burkhardt Fellowship funded London F v by the American Council of Learned Sylvie Joye Gabriele Pedullà Maartje van Gelder Societies Early Medieval History, Gender and Early Modern European Intellectual Family F Université de Lorraine, History, Political Thought F Università Early Modern Venice F University of Nergis Ertürk Nancy F s degli Studi Roma Tre F s Amsterdam F s Comparative Literature F The Funding provided by the Florence Gould Hans Kohn Member Felix Gilbert Member Pennsylvania State University F s Foundation Fund Nükhet Varlık Funding provided by the Herodotus Alison Perchuk Seth Kimmel F Ottoman History, History of Plague F Fund History of Art and Architecture The Early Modern Iberian History and California State University, Rutgers, the State University of Alejandro Garcia-Sanjuan Culture F Columbia University Channel Islands New Jersey, and New Jersey History of al-Andalus F Universidad John Elliott Member Friends of the Institute for Advanced Institute of Technology de Huelva F s Study Member Funding provided by the Fund for Jeanette Kohl Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Art of the Italian Renaissance F Cosmin Alin Popa-Gorjanu Historical Studies University of California, Riverside Medieval Nobility, Social History F Louise Young Karl Gerth Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro University of Alba Iulia Modern Japanese History F University History of Modern China F University Member Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth of Wisconsin–Madison F f of California, San Diego Fellow Funding provided by the Fund for Thomas Kruse The Starr Foundation East Asian Historical Studies Ancient History F Österreichische Rubina Raja Studies Endowment Fund Member Akademie der Wissenschaften F s Classical Archaeology F Aarhus Maria Youni Sabine Go Funding provided by The Gladys University F s History of Ancient Law, Greek Maritime Governance Institutions in Krieble Delmas Foundation and the Funding provided by the Hetty Epigraphy F Democritus University Early Modern Europe F Vrije Herodotus Fund Goldman Membership Fund of Thrace Willis F. Doney Member Universiteit, Amsterdam F f Akinobu Kuroda Michele Salzman Funding provided by the Fund for Chinese and Global Monetary Roman History F University of Historical Studies History F The University of Tokyo California, Riverside F f Roger E. Covey Member in East Asian Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Studies Fellow

17 Israel Finkelstein on Jerusalem in Biblical Times On November 9, 2018, Israel Finkelstein, Jacob Alkow Professor of the Archaeology of Israel in the Bronze and Iron Ages at Tel Aviv University, gave a public lecture on “Jerusalem in Biblical Times: Comments on the Archaeology and History ca. 1350–100 B.C.E.” Finkelstein presented an up-to-date account of the archaeology of ­Jerusalem from the Late Bronze Age under Egyptian domination, through the days of the Kingdom of Judah, to the Babylonian ­destruction and near-abandonment in the Persian period and recovery in late Hellenistic times. Watch the lecture at www.ias.edu/ideas/ finkelstein-video-jerusalem.

The grave epigram of a traveling pig gives an unusual insight into the mobility of the era. Having traveled all the way from Dyrrhachion on the Adriatic Sea to Edessa in Macedonia, Myles W. Jackson on Science and Culture the pig was run over by a wagon on its way to a festival of Dionysus. Pella, Ephorate of Antiquities, AKA 1674. I am interested in having the historian at the table while a scientific controversy is ongoing. We historians are rather Angelos Chaniotis on Hellenism good at illustrating that controversies have histories: how from Alexander to Hadrian we arrived at where we are today is very informative. There have always been, and always will be, alternatives. The developments that Alexander’s campaigns The types of questions I am interested in investigating set in motion ultimately led to the creation of a include: how stable are the concepts of ownership and complex network of political, administrative, knowability over time, extended to the molecular level of economic, and cultural connections that came DNA? What has been the influence of natural scientists, close to the modern phenomenon of globalization. engineers, and scientific instrument makers on musical Of course, this network did not extend over aesthetics from the early nineteenth century to the rise of the entire globe, but it did cover the region that AHASOFT/20843318/VECTORSTOCK computer music? How have their interactions changed contemporaries knew as the oecumene, “the the relationships between composer, performer, and musical instrument? inhabited earth.” One might more appropriately How do partisan beliefs intermingle with the specialization of technical speak of “ecumenization.” Read more at www. and scientific knowledge, social status, and the politics of labor? Read ias.edu/ideas/chaniotis-brave-new-world. more at www.ias.edu/ideas/jackson-science-culture.

Francesca Trivellato on The Promise and Peril of Credit The Promise and Peril of Credit examines key episodes in the West’s millennium-long struggle to delineate the place that finance ought to occupy in the social and political order. It does so by introducing readers to modes of thinking about the morality of credit that have become increasingly alien to us even as the questions that animated those early modern discussions remain as vital now as they were then. After decades of retreat from the mainstream, economic history is making its way back to college curricula and scholarly publications. Today as always, present concerns stimulate academics’ choice of subject matter and approaches to historical inquiry. Income and wealth inequality, the connection between slavery and capitalist modes of production and consumption, the impact of cultural traditions on economic performance, and the timing and consequences of globalization top the list of current research topics pursued by economic historians of various persuasions. A sense of urgency infuses this research—a welcome and energizing change after decades during which North American history departments’ interest in economic history lay dormant. Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/trivellato-promise-and-peril.

18 ANDREA KANE islamic www.ias.edu/ideas/ Watch at more scale. overall the of idea some provide may chosen, randomly figures, following However, the manuscripts. any we have do nor years, 1,500 past the in scholars Muslim by production literary overall the quantify to us allow would that data reliable possess not do We enormous. is world Islamic the in production textual The socially. and politically, intellectually, indispensable— itis and threat, immediate under it is global, It is huge. is tradition manuscript Islamic The S M C at www.ias.edu/news/press more Read dominate. to came supposedly they populations local the with interacted how they and lived, how people formed, were communities how on these light new sheds paper team’s the Nature Communications in Published Italy. in one and Hungary in cemeteries—one ancient entire of genomes the sequenced time first the for has Studies, Historical of School the in Professor W. Mellon Andrew J. Geary, Patrick by part in led ologists, lacking. are accounts written reliable as debated, hotly is or unknown remains still period the about much archaeologists, and historians by work scholarly of acentury than more However, despite Europe. in transformation cultural and socioeconomic major of atime was and empire Roman Western the of decline the followed epoch this centuries, eighth to fourth the Spanning society. ­European modern for foundation the laid that Period Migration the as known era akey into insights new gleaned have researchers sixth two in factors archaeological and historical, genetic, of analysis acomprehensive Applying P D abine atrick emeteries isciplinar anuscript An international team of geneticists, historians, and archae­ and historians, geneticists, of team international An

estimate for the total number of preserved preserved of number total the for estimate - manuscript

S J. chmidtke G y ear -

traditions.

T A raditions nalysis y

on - releases/geary

on

the

-

I century barbarian cemeteries, cemeteries, barbarian century of slamic C

A r ncient - barbarians. oss

-

Institute his intellectual home for forty for home intellectual his Institute the made who Professor distinguished the remember to gathered (pictured), J. Levine Arnold Emeritus Professor including others, many and III; Scribner Charles and Levine, David Freiberg, Jack Courtright, Nicola Bedekamp, Horst historians art Lynn; Greg and Lambert, Phyllis Gehry, Frank architects including collaborators, and friends, colleagues, Lavin’s remembrances. personal by noon after the in followed morning, the in discussions scholarly of series remarks at www.ias.edu/ideas/lavin remarks all an (1927–2019) with Lavin Irving of work and life the celebrated 2019, 26, Institute the April On R Irving Lavin.Irving J.Arnold Levine, intheSchoolofNaturalSciences, Professor Emeritus remembers , emmbranc

in

H onor - - remembrance. day event that began with a a with began that event day - five years. Watch the the Watch five years.

of

I r ving

L avin ­

SOPRINTENDENZA ARCHEOLOGIA, BELLE ARTI E PAESAGGIO PER LA CITTÀ METROPOLITANA DI TORINO ANDREA KANE 19 Questions regarding the formation of singularities and their descriptions are the main subjects of research of CAMILLO DE LELLIS, IBM von Neumann Professor. The two topics he recently has been focused on are the calculus of variations and the equations of incompressible fluid dynamics. School of Mathematics

The School of Mathematics, established in 1933, was the first School at the Institute for Advanced Study. Several central themes in mathematics of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries owe their major impetus to discoveries that have taken place in the School, which today is an international center for research on mathematics and theoretical computer science.

A variety of systems in natural sciences are described through physically measurable quantities that depend on “independent FACULTY variables.” For instance, we routinely measure the pressure and the tem­ Jean Bourgain perature of the air in the Earth’s atmosphere and such measurements IBM von Neumann Professor depend upon the time and the location of the device used. Several funda­ deceased December 22, 2018 mental laws discovered by scientists through the last three centuries give Camillo De Lellis IBM von Neumann Professor relations among the rates of change of such physical quantities. The result­ Helmut Hofer ing mathematical objects, called partial differential equations, are therefore Hermann Weyl Professor ubiquitous in modern science and engineering: they are efficiently used to Peter Sarnak model a variety of different phenomena like the flow of air past the wings Richard Taylor of an airplane, the collapsing of a star into a black hole, and the spreading Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professor of a pollutant in the air. through January 1, 2019 The theoretical study of partial differential equations is a branch of Akshay Venkatesh Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professor pure mathematics that dates back to the dawn of modern sciences, origi­ Avi Wigderson nating in the works of Bernoulli, Fermat, Newton, Lagrange, Euler, and Herbert H. Maass Professor several others. Central theoretical questions are the existence of solutions, how they behave, what we need to know to determine them and whether PROFESSORS EMERITI they break down, for instance, when they get in a range where the validity Enrico Bombieri of the equations can be challenged. The latter phenomenon is usually Pierre Deligne called singularity formation. Such questions, especially the formation of Phillip A. Griffiths singularities and their descriptions, are the main subjects of the research of Robert P. Langlands Camillo De Lellis, IBM von Neumann Professor. The two topics in Robert D. MacPherson which he has spent most of his recent efforts are the calculus of variations Thomas Spencer and the equations of incompressible fluid dynamics. In the calculus of variations, one seeks the solution of a minimum problem, for instance, a shape that optimizes a certain feature. A prominent­ example is named after the Belgian nineteenth-century physicist Joseph Plateau, who proposed to study area-minimizing surfaces, namely surfaces which minimize their area among those which span a fixed ­contour. It is long known that such surfaces might have singularities, for instance, the formation of certain type of corners, but a complete description of

THOMAS CLARKE THOMAS the type and size of singularities is a long-standing open problem.

21 De Lellis and his collaborators have topic in differential geometry, another first breakthroughs, related to problems shown that surprisingly many singularities branch of mathematics. The ideas of De by Dmitri Anosov and Anatole Katok, can occur at the junction between an Lellis and Székelyhidi are at the base of was by 2011–12 Member and recent von area-minimizing surface and its contour, recent important developments, such as Neumann Fellow Barney Bramham. even when the latter is quite simple and the resolution by Phil Isett of a 1949 Most recently, in December 2018, smooth. However, their work also gives ­fundamental conjecture of Lars Onsager former Member (2013–15) Joel Fish and the first proven theoretical limitation to (Nobel Prize winner in chemistry)­ in the Hofer submitted a 160-page research the size of the singularities without any theory of turbulent flows, and the unex­ paper “Feral Curves and Minimal Sets,” special geometric assumption on the pected discovery by Tristan Buckmaster which initiates a theory for finding small contour. When the contour is a real and Vlad Vicol that irregular solutions closed invariant subsets for Hamiltonian analytic curve, a conjecture by White of the Navier-Stokes system are not systems. Incidentally, the theory also asserts that in fact there can be only uniquely determined by the equations. answers a question raised by former finitely many singularities. A recent Member (1988–89) Michael Herman at preprint authored by De Lellis and IAS The fields of symplectic geometry and his invited lecture at the International Member Zihui Zhao gives a first step in dynamical systems originate in the Mathematical Congress in Berlin in that direction. The first system of partial work of Henri Poincaré, who had a 1998 (in the four-dimensional case). differential equations ever written down pronounced interest in celestial mechanics. Finding such subsets is a basic problem in in fluid dynamics is given by the Euler The natural questions in this field, many the field of dynamical systems. Periodic equations, found by Leonhard Euler of them very hard problems, had great orbits are a very special example, but more than 250 years ago. The incom­ impact on the development of mathe­ they very often do not exist, and the pressible Euler equations are in fact a matics. Although Poincaré had an above-mentioned work develops an limiting case of another well-known ­integrated viewpoint, his ideas lead approach to find the “next best thing,” system, the Navier­-Stokes equations. subsequently to the development of namely a minimal set. Whether regular solutions of the different fields. While the field of This work also holds significant Euler and Navier-Stokes equations dynamical systems showed a steady ­promise for developments in symplectic might form singularities in finite time development, this was not the case geometry. In 2000, Hofer predicted in is one of the biggest open problems in for the field of symplectic geometry. a long paper, jointly with Yakov Eliash­ mathematics: for the Navier-Stokes However, after lingering for a long time, berg, former Distinguished Visiting equations, it is one of the famous millen­ the latter took off in an unprecedented Professor (2001–02), and Alexander nium prize problems. In the last decade, way in the early eighties, with major Givental, a very general theory of De Lellis and László Székelyhidi, Jr., impact in a variety of different mathe­ symplectic invariants, called symplectic have shown that there are very irregular matical disciplines and even physics. This field theory (SFT). It describes geometric solutions, many more than expected, and development started with the work of properties of symplectic spaces by a that they might behave in a very surprising former Members Charles Conley and wealth of algebraic invariants, which are way. Their new approach borrows from Eduard Zehnder in 1983, followed constructed by extracting in systematic the pioneering work of John Nash during shortly afterwards by the work of Abel ways information from a class of Hamil­ the 1950s on the isometric embedding Prize winner Mikhael Gromov in 1985, tonian systems with symplectic space as problem, a thus far completely unrelated and that of Andreas Floer, 1986–89, a phase space. More precisely, the points who introduced a novel set of ideas, of a symplectic space can be viewed as which have been worked out in the possible states of a physical system— FACULTY & EMERITI HONORS many contexts and are referred to as picking a Hamiltonian system on the Floer-type theories. space is the same as fixing the physical Robert P. Langlands was appointed a The activities of Helmut Hofer, laws, which govern the system. SFT is Companion of the Order of Canada. Hermann Weyl Professor, with current built from the structure of periodic Akshay Venkatesh was awarded a 2018 and former IAS Members and collabora­ movements allowed by such systems. Fields Medal from the International tors have focused on several directions The algebraic framework to describe the Mathematical Union, and was elected a and aspects of this development. In invariants is then that of graded, filtered, Fellow of the Royal Society. 2011–12, the School’s “Symplectic differential super-Weyl algebras. Weyl Dynamics” special program, led by algebras are named after Hermann Weyl, Avi Wigderson was awarded the 2019 Hofer and Member John Mather, started former IAS Professor (1933–55), who Donald E. Knuth Prize from the ACM a new research area, built on integrated introduced them to study the Heisenberg Special Interest Group on Algorithms ideas from the fields of symplectic geom­ uncertainty principle in quantum and Computation Theory and the IEEE etry and dynamical systems. These new mechanics. The other adjectives “graded, Technical Committee on the Mathemat­ ideas immediately lead to breakthroughs super, differential” describe additional ical Foundations of Computing. in longstanding problems. One of the structures, which were later considered

22 generalized a generalized and analysis nonlinear ized ageneral of amixture theory, polyfold called is what develop to 2003 around began Zehnder Eduard and Wysocki Kris Members former with Hofer scheme, this develop to order In enough. good is approximation the if stabilizes approximations the for data extracted the that show to and data the extract to ones generic the itby approximate to then is system ageneral for invariants define to scheme The data. ­relevant the extract to easier itis problems, generic these For needed. is behavior, nicer much general, in and, ­properties typical i.e., with problem,” one a “generic of notion the of ­introduction the allows which theory, versality trans­ sophisticated arather context, this In laureate. Prize 2019 Abel and Professor Visiting Uhlenbeck, of Karen work the to back goes surfaces minimal of theory the in phenomena such of treatment successful The phenomena. which exhibit so exhibit which equations, differential partial nonlinear of analysis the lies core the technical—at extremely are orbits periodic on built be constructed. be can ­ algebraic of type this which under generality of level ultimate the reach would one orbits, periodic than rather sets minimal use to extended be could SFT for constructions the If orbits. periodic for asubstitute as systems, dynamical of field the in time his of mathematician aleading Birkhoff, David George by introduced were sets minimal Incidentally, orbits. periodic than rather sets minimal on built be should SFT for framework natural the that ­indicate strongly Hofer and Fish by results in out carried be only can constructions the and limitations, obvious are there exist, always not do movements ­periodic 1994–95. in published were which Hofer, and Floer by theories homology symplectic of tion construc initial the in appearing those particularly considerations, theoretic Floer from comes aspect “filtered” the whereas Weyl the context, in restricted situations. However, the However, the situations. restricted The constructions in cases that can can that cases in constructions The these since context, SFT the In - called “bubbling called invariants invariants -­ - off” off” ­ ­ Landis andTheirApplications.” EUGENIA MALINNIKOVA,vonNeumannFellow,leadsananalysisseminaron“TwoQuestionsof C on conference the as 2019, well July as in Germany, Oberwolfach, in center research at the mathematical systems dynamical on aworkshop of organizer co the was Hofer addition, In (IAS). Zhou Zhengyi and (PU) Zemke Ian (PU), Pardon John (IAS), Hofer (IAS), Bramham PU), and (IAS Bottman Nate by organized was seminar The spectrum. broad over avery ranged topics the where Seminar, Symplectic Joint IAS/PU an ran University Princeton and IAS activities, these Besides Group. Working Dynamics aSymplectic organized Yaron Ostrover and Hryniewicz, Umberto Bramham, some need still but out worked been have issues mathematical relevant the and and Functors Tools,Polyfold Constructions: Techniques, follow ­ some undergoing is and publication for accepted been meanwhile Fredholm Theory 700 of graph mono A research theory. category some with combined geometry, differential and real solutions, a central theme is to to is theme acentral solutions, real and integer many have to expects one where setting the In numbers. of theory the in theme acentral is integers in equations algebraic of solutions Understanding 2019. May in Haifa in Technion the at dynamics Hamiltonian 0­­ -­ In 2018–19, von Neumann Fellows Fellows 2018–19,In von Neumann aspects of symplectic geometry and and geometry symplectic of aspects “beautification.” “beautification.” - up volume jointly with Fish, Fish, with jointly volume up , is in an advanced stage stage advanced an in , is - plus pages, Polyfold and pages, plus 2017, in has , submitted revisions. A A revisions. ­-­ ­ experts. Professor Professor experts. by debated is expect to what even and known, is Little cubes? ­integer three of 9, by asum divided 5when or 4 remainder doesn’t give which integer, every is example, For results. or niques tech available few are there ­variables, Zhang. Ruixiang and Guo Shaoming by obtained were problem this on variants on advances Further 2018. December in passing untimely his before Members) former both Guth, Larry and Demeter Ciprian tors collabora his with (together ­Bourgain Jean Professor von Neumann IBM by notably most variables; of number the reducing in advances recent been have there and problem, of the ­understanding adetailed for allow tools analytic degrees, fixed and variables many with equations For solutions. the of ness random versus structure the understand case of integral quadratic equations in in equations quadratic integral of case The cubics. these for principles global” to “local and solutions the of ­randomness versus structure the understand to one allow theory, number analytic and transcendence, combinatorics, dynamics, from tools with together and group symmetry anonlinear by on acted are surfaces These atheory. developed have they which for surfaces” “Markoff called equations cubic special some examined has Ghosh, Amit Member former with separately and Gamburd, Alexander Member former and Bourgain In the case of a small number of of number asmall of case the In Peter Sarnak with with ­ ­ ­

DAN KOMODA 23 Hecke in the 1920s) but a clear unifying theory is still lacking. Continuing on ideas developed in a seminar during the School’s 2017–18 Special Year, Venkatesh, Sakellaridis, and Ben-Zvi found that, when viewed from a “microlocal” view- point, a new duality becomes apparent. This duality switches one period with another (often very different) period; its existence is surprising for number theory but is very closely related to ideas intro­ duced earlier in the physics literature by Davide Gaiotto, former Member in the School of Natural Sciences, and Edward Witten, Charles Simonyi Professor in the School of Natural Sciences. DAN KOMODA DAN In the past four years, Herbert H. Maass AKSHAY VENKATESH, Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professor and 2018 Fields Medalist, continued Professor Avi Wigderson, together with working with Member Preston Wake to understand the behavior and internal structure of zeta functions under tame variations. IAS Members and Visitors, Princeton University students, and other collabora­ few variables is classical and one asks This indicates a dramatic change from tors, has been pursuing a program that about much finer (in fact optimal) a critical to a supercritical percolation brings together optimization and features. The solutions to these equations regime as one passes from 3 to more complexity theory from computer are homogeneous spaces for linear variables. Understanding this phenome­ science, and invariant theory and orthogonal group actions, and this allows non is a major challenge. ­algebraic geometry from mathematics. one to bring some of the most powerful The premise, motivation, and starting tools from the modern theory of auto­ Akshay Venkatesh, Robert and Luisa point is a twenty-year-old counter­ morphic forms to bear on these fine Fernholz Professor, focused on two intuitive result (of Valentine Kabanets questions. In the case of four variables, ­projects in 2018–19. Firstly, a still and former Visiting Professor Russell former Member Ori Parzanchevski and ­on­going project with Member Preston Impagliazzo) showing that an efficient Sarnak have shown how the randomness Wake, where they tried to understand in deterministic algorithm testing member­ in the solutions for these cases can be a more systematic way the behavior of ship in a certain natural algebraic variety used to construct optimal, explicit, and zeta functions under tame variation. In will lead to computational hardness efficient universal gates for quantum number theory, p-adic variation consists results. This can make progress in the computation (specifically the first basic of studying congruences modulo higher central long-term goal of proving P =/ case of optimal 1-qubit gates). Member and higher powers of a single prime. It NP, or its algebraic analog, VP =/ VN P. Shai Evra and Parzanchevski have found leads to structure often having strong The main effort has gone into the similar “golden gates” for second basic analogies with real analysis. “Tame development of techniques and algo­ cases of 2-qubit gates, using the theory of ­variation” is an intriguing twist on this, rithms of this nature for related algebraic automorphic forms on unitary groups in where one studies a system of congru­ varieties. This has already resolved 4 variables (universal gates are generated ences at integers N for which N-1 is important open problems in several by these one and two bit gates). divisible by higher and higher powers of disparate areas and revealed new For random real homogeneous poly­ a single prime. Experience shows that ­connections between them. Examples nomials of high degree in a fixed number these systems also have a rich internal include efficient algorithms for the word of variables, there are many connected structure, which Wake and Venkatesh problem for non-commutative fields, components in their (real) solution sets. are trying to understand. the verification and optimality of Sarnak with former Member Yaiza Secondly, Venkatesh has been work­ ­Brascamp-Lieb inequalities in analysis, Canzani and Igor Wigman have shown ing on a research project with former entanglement problems in quantum that there is a universal distribution of Members Yiannis Sakellaridis and David infor­mation theory, and asymptotic the topological types of these components. Ben-Zvi. In the theory of automorphic Kronecker coefficients in representation Little is known about these probability­ forms, a “period” is a way of extracting theory. Besides providing algorithms, distributions, and numerical simulations an L-function from a modular form. these works lead also to establishing by Alex Barnett show there is a dramatic There are many sporadic examples of and resolving purely structural difference between 3 and more variables. periods known (starting with work of mathematical problems.

24 More importantly, this project has have played an important role. The goal intended to stimulate collaboration identified general (non-convex) compu­ of the program was to develop further among people working in different areas tational problems, which include the the critical point theories associated with related to the subject of the program. ones above as special cases, for which different geometric functionals­ and to Two reading groups met during the continuous (analytic) optimization find connections between these themes. first term. The Allen-Cahn/Ginzburg­- tools are effective, and generally much Among the topics covered by the program Landau reading group discussed phase more efficient than classical symbolic were minimal surfaces, constant mean transition partial differential equations, (algebraic) methods. These problems are curvature surfaces, Willmore surfaces, which provide an approach to construct defined by linear group actions, and harmonic maps, phase transition regular­ minimal varieties through the analysis include minimization of the moment izations, Yang-Mills connections, of the asymptotic behavior of solutions map and membership in moment poly­ extremal ­eigenvalue problems, systolic to the equations in the singular limit. topes defined by orbits of such actions. and metric geometry, self-similar solu­ The geometric measure theory reading We have general algorithms for such tions to mean curvature flow, and others. group covered, among other things, problems which extend classical convex The program included senior ­relevant concepts and techniques that optimization ones to the geodesic setting Members Ailana Fraser, Nicos Kapou­ are needed in the min-max construction of Riemannian manifolds. These leas, Bill Meeks, Alexander Nabutovsky, of closed minimal hypersurfaces in ­algorithms promise to be powerful for André Neves, Tristan Rivière, Regina Riemannian manifolds. combinatorial optimization, and call for Rotman, Richard Schoen, and Neshan Many important results were further development and applications. A Wickramasekera, as well as a host of announced during the program. In week-long workshop on this topic took younger researchers. The weekly seminar ­January 2019, Member Xin Zhou posted place at IAS in June 2018: all lecture brought together Members and Visitors a proof of the Marques and Neves multi­ videos and other materials are available at for two talks every Tuesday. Speakers plicity one conjecture in the Almgren- www.math.ias.edu/ocit2018. were asked to discuss details of their Pitts setting. This establishes that for In 2018–19, related connections works after giving an initial overview. generic metrics any minimal hyper­ between computational complexity and This format and the broad array of surface produced by min-max theory invariant theory and algebraic geometry speakers encouraged lively discussions has multiplicity one. This is a statement were explored with IAS Members Visu and interactions. needed in the analysis of the Morse Makam, Guy Moshkovitz, and Jeroen There were two week-long workshops index of such hypersurfaces. Member Zuiddam. They focused on proving associated with the program. The first Celso Viana wrote a preprint with a lower bounds on tensor ranks (as well workshop, “Mean Curvature and Regu­ solution to the isoperimetric problem as upper bounds, for understanding the larity,” took place November 5–9, 2018. in the real projective spaces of constant complexity of matrix multiplication). This workshop was focused on questions curvature in any dimension. In the In particular, new barriers to proving related to the area functional. The second ­seminar, Member Tristan Rivière hardness results by known methods workshop, “Geometric Functionals: discussed a min-max procedure that have been obtained (with Member Visu ­Analysis and Applications,” took place applies to families of parametrized Makam and Princeton University alumni March 4–8, 2019. The spring workshop surfaces in arbitrary codimension. Ankit Garg and Rafael Oliveira) through a new “implicit function theorem” for polynomial­ maps.

Special Year Program: Variational Methods in Geometry During the 2018-2019 academic year, the IAS School of Mathematics conducted a special program on ­variational methods in geometry. The program was led by Distinguished Visit­ ing Professor Fernando Codá Marques of Princeton University. Variational methods have been used in geometry since the pioneering works of Euler and

Lagrange in the eighteenth century. CLARKE THOMAS Lagrange posed the problem of finding LU WANG, von Neumann Fellow and Zurich Financial Services Member, gives a talk on “Topological surfaces of least area. More recently, Uniqueness of Self-Expanders of Small Entropy” during a special-year seminar. Wang works on ­critical points of positive Morse index geometric analysis with an emphasis on geometric flows.

25 Other significant advances were in today’s machine learning and allowing the width of the deep net to obtained, and new fruitful collaborations artificial intelligence. approach infinity but keeping the input have started. The atmosphere during the Arora has been trying to understand layer fixed so it can still be trained on a program was extremely positive. The this over-parametrization mystery in standard finite dataset. A sequence of younger Members were particularly collaboration with his graduate students recent papers led to the result that the enthusiastic, and perhaps inspired by at Princeton University and IAS Member training trajectory approaches a limit as the occasion, approached difficult and Nadav Cohen. They arrived at a simple well and leads to an infinite deep net important problems. The program has framework that exhibits this effect: deep termed “neural tangent kernel.” Arora played a fundamental role in stimulating linear net, a very simple kind of deep and his student coauthors have led to great mathematics around the calculus net. These can solve a well-known linear the first exactalgorithm ­ to compute of variations. algebra problem, matrix completion, this kernel and also quantify how well it significantly better than classic algorithms. generalizes to new data. Surprisingly, the Theoretical Machine Learning The analysis of the training algorithm performance of the infinite net turns out The machine learning group led by involves an intricate analysis of the to be only slightly lower than that of the Visiting Professor Sanjeev Arora has ­trajectory of optimization. finite one, thus highlighting that even focused on trying to understand why The trajectory of optimization also ridiculously over-parametrized nets make the centuries­-old Occam’s razor of data plays a central role in another related sense on real-life datasets. The analysis of analysis (“complicated models overfit project of Arora and coauthors. This the optimization­ trajectories used in these to the data and do not predict well involves studying the over-parametriza­ works has natural points of connection on new data”) seems to not hold for tion phenomenon in the infinite limit with older notions in dynamical systems, deep nets, the dominant paradigm (also called thermodynamic limit): differential equations, and physics.

The Institute for Advanced Study “Jean had an unequaled was deeply saddened by the loss of analytic brilliance, which Jean Bourgain, IBM von Neumann together with his positive­ Professor in the School of Mathe­ outlook allowed him to resolve matics, revered for the exceptional many long-standing problems range, depth, and power of his in a broad range of areas of mathematical work. Bourgain mathematics,” said Peter Sarnak, passed away in Bonheiden, Professor in the School of Belgium, on December 22, 2018, ­Mathematics and a friend, at the age of 64. Despite a long collaborator, and colleague. battle with cancer, his resilient and “His breakthroughs came with dauntless approach to challenges unexpected novel techniques remained undeterred. He contin­ and theories which drive and

ued working through the end ANDREA KANE define the contemporary field of his life, with great generosity JEAN BOURGAIN (center) was appointed to the Faculty in 1994, of mathematical analysis. The and grace, while building upon the same year he received a Fields Medal, and had served as IBM same clarity and optimism von Neumann Professor since 2010. a prolific career in mathematics. ­characterized his very effective Bourgain was appointed to the Faculty in 1994, the same service over many years as the Chair of the School of Mathe­ year he received a Fields Medal, and had served as IBM von matics. His premature passing is a major loss to the Institute Neumann Professor since 2010. and to mathematics.”

2018–19 MEMBERS AND VISITORS

f First Term F s Second Term F v Visitor F vp Visiting Professor F dvp Distinguished Visiting Professor F vri Veblen Research Instructorship F vnf von Neumann Fellowship

Daniel Alvarez-Gavela Lucas Coelho Ambrozio Sanjeev Arora Costante Belletini Symplectic and Contact Topology F Geometric Analysis F Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Geometric Analysis F University Institute for Advanced Study Advanced Study Machine Learning F Princeton College London F s Funding provided by the National Funding provided by the Ambrose University F vp Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Monell Foundation Funding provided by Eric and Wendy Science Foundation Schmidt

26 Jacob Bernstein Yaim Cooper Qi’an Guan Clemens Koppensteiner Geometric Analysis F Johns Hopkins Algebraic Geometry, Machine Several Complex Variables F Peking Geometric Representation Theory F University F s Learning F Institute for Advanced University F f Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the Charles Study F v Funding provided by the Ky Fan and Funding provided by the National Simonyi Endowment Funding provided by the National Yu-Fen Fan Membership Fund and the Science Foundation Science Foundation National Science Foundation Irina Bobkova Pravesh Kothari Algebraic Topology, Homotopy Benjamin G. Dodson Michael Hochman Theoretical Computer Science F Theory F Institute for Advanced Dispersive Partial Differential Dynamical Systems F The Hebrew Institute for Advanced Study and Study F f, v/s Equations F Johns Hopkins University of Jerusalem F vnf Princeton University Funding provided by the National University F vnf Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Minerva Research Foundation Member Science Foundation Maitreyee Chandramohan Kulkarni Nathaniel Bottman Celso dos Santos Viana Umberto Leone Hryniewicz Cluster Algebras, Categorification F Symplectic Geometry F Institute for Differential Geometry F Institute for Symplectic Dynamics F Universidade Institute for Advanced Study F v Advanced Study Advanced Study Federal do Rio de Janeiro F vnf Funding provided by the Charles Funding provided by the National Friends of the Institute for Advanced Simonyi Endowment Barney Bramham Science Foundation Study Member Symplectic Geometry, Hamiltonian Thomas Lam Dynamics F Ruhr Universität Shai Evra Lan-Hsuan Huang Combinatorics F University of Bochum F vnf High Dimensional Expanders F Geometric Analysis F University of Michigan F vnf Funding provided by the National Institute for Advanced Study Connecticut F vnf Ralph E. and Doris M. Hansmann Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Member Science Foundation June Huh Alina Ioana Bucur Algebraic Geometry, Combinatorics F Lionel Levine Number Theory F University of Simion Filip Institute for Advanced Study F vp Probability F Cornell University F California, San Diego F vnf Dynamical Systems F Harvard Funding provided by the Ellentuck vnf University F v Fund and the National Science Funding provided by the Charles Clark W. Butler Funding provided by the National Foundation Simonyi Endowment Dynamical Systems F Institute for Science Foundation Advanced Study and Princeton Yash Jhaveri Chao Li University F vri David M. Fisher Elliptic Partial Differential Equations F Geometric Analysis F Institute for Rigidity in Dynamics and Geometry F Institute for Advanced Study Advanced Study F v Guher Camliyurt Indiana University F f Funding provided by the National Partial Differential Equations F Funding provided by the Simons Science Foundation Elon Lindenstrauss Institute for Advanced Study Foundation Homogeneous Dynamics, Ergodic Funding provided by the Ambrose Qingyuan Jiang Theory, Additive Combinatorics F The Monell Foundation and the National Francesc Fité Algebraic Geometry F Institute for Hebrew University of Jerusalem F f Science Foundation Number Theory F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Advanced Study Shiing-Shen Chern Member; addition- Science Foundation Alessandro Carlotto Funding provided by the National al funding by the National Science Geometric Analysis F Eidgenössische Science Foundation Foundation Yevgeny Liokumovich Technische Hochschule Zürich Geometric Analysis F Massachusetts Funding provided by the Giorgio and Amanda L. Folsom Nicolaos Kapouleas Institute of Technology Elena Petronio Fellowship Fund and Number Theory F Amherst Differential Geometry and Geometric Funding provided by the National the National Science Foundation College F vnf, s Analysis F Brown University F f Science Foundation Funding provided by the Charles Dawei Chen Simonyi Endowment Mikhail Kapranov Daniel Litt Algebraic Geometry, Teichmüller Algebra, Algebraic Geometry, Category Algebraic and Arithmetic Geometry F Dynamics F Boston College F vnf, s Ailana Fraser Theory F Kavli Institute for the Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the Charles Geometric Analysis F University of Physics and Mathematics of the Funding provided by The Bell Simonyi Endowment British Columbia Universe, University of Tokyo F vp Companies Fellowship Fund Funding provided by the James D. Gao Chen Wolfensohn Fund and the National Kiran Kedlaya Francesco Maggi Calabi-Yau Manifolds F Institute for Science Foundation Number Theory, Arithmetic Calculus of Variations and Geometric Advanced Study Geometry F University of Measure Theory F The University of Funding provided by the S. S. Chern Brian Freidin California, San Diego F vp Texas at Austin F s Foundation for Mathematics Research Geometric Analysis F Institute for Funding provided by the Charles Daniel J. Ketover Fund and the National Science Advanced Study F v, f Simonyi Endowment Foundation Funding provided by the Charles Geometric Analysis F Princeton Simonyi Endowment University F f, v/s Viswambhara Makam Otis Chodosh Funding provided by the Charles Invariant Theory, Computational Geometric Analysis F Institute for Mika Göös Simonyi Endowment Complexity F Institute for Advanced Advanced Study and Princeton Computational Complexity Theory F Study Ilya Khayutin University F vri Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Funding provided by the National Number Theory, Dynamics F Institute Science Foundation Nadav Cohen Science Foundation for Advanced Study and Princeton Theoretical Machine Learning F University F vri Eugenia Malinnikova Institute for Advanced Study Mark Goresky Harmonic Analysis, Partial Differential Swastik Kopparty Funding provided by Eric and Wendy Geometry, Automorphic Forms F Equations F Norwegian University Theoretical Computer Science F Schmidt Institute for Advanced Study F v of Science and Technology F vnf Rutgers, The State University of Funding provided by the National New Jersey F s Science Foundation

27 Fernando Codá Marques Andre Neves Srimathy Srinivasan Jakub Witaszek Geometry F Princeton University F Geometric Analysis F The University Algebraic Geometry F Institute for Algebraic Geometry F Institute for dvp of Chicago F f Advanced Study Advanced Study Funding provided by the Oswald Funding provided by the Charles Funding provided by the National Funding provided by the National Veblen Fund Simonyi Endowment Science Foundation Science Foundation

Ángel D. Martínez Martínez Yaron Ostrover Raphael Sebastian Steiner Damin Wu Analysis F Institute for Advanced Symplectic Geometry, Hamiltonian Analytic Number Theory F Institute Differential Geometry F University of Study Dynamics F Tel Aviv University F for Advanced Study Connecticut Funding provided by the National vnf Funding provided by the Giorgio and Funding provided by the Charles Science Foundation Elena Petronio Fellowship Fund II and Simonyi Endowment Toniann Pitassi the National Science Foundation Jacob Matherne Computational Complexity, Proof Jiaxian Wu Geometric Representation Theory, Theory F University of Toronto F Sara Tukachinsky Geometric Analysis, Hodge Theory F Combinatorics, Cluster Algebras F vp, s Symplectic Geometry, Open Gromov- Nanjing University of Science and Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Witten Theory F Institute for Technology F v, f AMIAS Member; additional funding Science Foundation Advanced Study provided by the National Science Funding provided by the National Umberto Zannier Foundation Philippe Rigollet Science Foundation Diophantine Geometry, Algebraic Statistics, Machine Learning F Points on Transcendental VarietiesF Davi Maximo Massachusetts Institute of Olga Turanova Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa F Geometric Analysis F University of Technology F vp, s Partial Differential Equations F v, s Pennsylvania F v Funding provided by Eric and Wendy University of California, Los Richard Zemel Schmidt Angeles F v William H. Meeks III Funding provided by the Charles Machine Learning F University of Differential Geometry F University of Tristan Rivière Simonyi Endowment Toronto F v, s Massachusetts, Amherst F f Partial Differential Equations in Funding provided by Eric and Wendy Geometry and Physics F Karen Uhlenbeck Schmidt Marco Aurelio Mendez Eidgenössische Technische Geometric Analysis F The University Guaraco Zhiyuan Zhang Hochschule Zürich F s of Texas at Austin F v/f, vp/s Geometric Analysis F Institute for Funding provided by the Florence Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Advanced Study F f Gould Foundation Fund Remy van Dobben de Bruyn Systems F Institute for Advanced Funding provided by the National Algebraic Geometry and Arithmetic Study Science Foundation Robert Robere Geometry F Institute for Advanced Funding provided by the National Complexity Theory F Institute for Study and Princeton University F Science Foundation Govind Menon Advanced Study F v, s vri Partial Differential Equations F Brown Zihui Zhao University Regina Rotman Franco E. Vargas Pallete Harmonic Analysis, Geometric Measure Funding provided by the Charles Riemannian Geometry F University of Low-dimensional Geometry and Theory F Institute for Advanced Simonyi Endowment Toronto F s Topology F Institute for Advanced Study Study Funding provided by the National Karola Meszaros Shubhangi Saraf Minerva Research Foundation Member Science Foundation Algebraic Combinatorics, Discrete Theoretical Computer Science and Geometry F Cornell University F vnf Discrete Mathematics F Rutgers, The Saraswathi Venkatesh Rong Zhou Friends of the Institute for Advanced State University of New Jersey F s Symplectic Geometry F Institute for Geometry of Shimura Varieties F Study Member Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study Richard Schoen Funding provided by the National Funding provided by the National Dor Yosef Minzer Differential Geometry, General Science Foundation Science Foundation Complexity Theory F Institute for Relativity, Partial Differential Advanced Study Equations F University of California, Preston Wake Xin Zhou Funding provided by the National Irvine F f Number Theory F Institute for Geometric Analysis, General Science Foundation Advanced Study Relativity F University of California, Yakov G. Sinai Funding provided by the National Santa Barbara Shay Moran Dynamical Systems F L. D. Landau Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Machine Learning F Institute for Institute for Theoretical Physics, Science Foundation Advanced Study F v Moscow and Princeton University Lu Wang Geometric Analysis F University of Zhengyi Zhou Guy Moshkovitz Sahil Singla Wisconsin–Madison F vnf Symplectic Geometry F Institute for Combinatorics and Theoretical Optimization, Theoretical Computer Zurich Financial Services Member Advanced Study Computer Science F Institute for Science F Institute for Advanced Funding provided by the National Advanced Study Study F v Sida Wang Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Machine Learning, Natural Language Christina Sormani Science Foundation Processing F Institute for Advanced Jonathan Julian Zhu Geometric Analysis, Metric Geometry, Study and Princeton University Geometric Analysis F Institute for Alexander Nabutovsky General Relativity F The City Funding provided by Eric and Wendy Advanced Study F v Riemannian Geometry F University of University of New York F v Schmidt Toronto F s Jeroen Zuiddam Funding provided by the Charles Katepalli Sreenivasan Neshan Wickramasekera Algebraic Complexity, Combinatorics, Mathematical Physics F New York Simonyi Endowment Geometric Analysis F University of Quantum Information F Institute for University Cambridge F s Advanced Study Robin Neumayer Funding provided by the Charles Funding provided by the Charles Funding provided by the National Calculus of Variations F Institute for Simonyi Endowment Simonyi Endowment Science Foundation Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Robert Williams Science Foundation Dynamical Systems F The University of Texas at Austin F v 28 Karen Uhlenbeck on Being the First Woman to Receive the Abel Prize It’s not so easy being a role model. One of the things you learn when you’re going through life and so GEORGE M. BERGMAN/MATHEMATISCHES GEORGE M. BERGMAN/MATHEMATISCHES GGMBH FORSCHUNGSINSTITUT OBERWOLFACH forth is that you need role models, but you don’t need perfect role models. You need role models who fall down and pick themselves up. You need role models who show how even though you can’t do everything, you can do some things. You need role models to keep you going. Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/uhlenbeck-first-woman-abel-prize. Alexander Gamburd on the Singular Adventures of Baron Bourgain in the Labyrinth of the Continuum I met Jean Bourgain in September 2005, six months after my daughter was born, while visiting IAS for the program “Lie Groups, Representations and Discrete Mathematics,” led by Alex Lubotzky. I do not remember the precise date but do remember the hour: it was between 2 and 3 a.m. After changing my daughter’s diaper, I could not sleep, went to Simonyi

DAN KOMODA DAN Hall, and ran into Jean walking to the library. It was in this discombobulated state that I was free of fear ideos from eep earning lchemy V D L : A to speak to him. By dawn, the problem which had or Science? been resisting my protracted attack for a decade In February 2019, Visiting Professor in the School of Mathematics was vanquished in Jean’s office. Read more at Sanjeev Arora hosted a day of talks titled “Deep Learning: www.ias.edu/ideas/bourgain-singular-adventures. Alchemy or Science?” Featuring lectures by Arora, Zachary Lipton, Yann LeCun, Joelle Pineau, Shai Shalev-Shwartz, and Michael Collins, along with a concluding panel discussion moderated by Director and Leon Levy Professor Robbert ­Dijkgraaf, the event focused on the challenges of establishing a theoretical understanding of deep learning. Watch videos at www.ias.edu/ideas/videos-deep-learning-alchemy.

Avi Wigderson on a major challenge is to understand Mathematics and why and for what Computation tasks are deep networks The Theory of Computation is a KOMODA DAN vast field. Many of its subfields are successful, and Videos from the Remembrance directly connected with applications. what are their limitations. in onor of ean ourgain These develop formal, mathematical H J B foundations and theories of programming languages, operating From May 31–June 1, 2019, IAS hosted a remembrance systems, hardware, networking, databases, security, robotics, and in honor of Jean Bourgain. The public event brought artificial intelligence, as well as numerous efficient algorithms and together colleagues, friends, and collaborators—­including algorithmic techniques to solve the basic problems arising in these Professors Peter Sarnak and Avi Wigderson (pictured), fields. These models and algorithms contribute directly to the several past Members, and others—to commemorate amazing variety of ways in which computers affect our lives. Bourgain’s life and work. Watch talks from the event at Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/mathematics-and-computation. www.ias.edu/ideas/bourgain-remembrance-videos.

29 Professor NIMA ARKANI-HAMED (right) and THOMAS LAM (left), von Neumann Fellow in the School of Mathematics, in conversation on the connections between math and physics, the fruits of their recent collaboration, and the benefits of math-physics collaboration more broadly School of Natural Sciences

The School of Natural Sciences, established in 1966, supports research in broad areas of astrophysics, systems biology, and theoretical physics. Areas of current interest include investigating the origin and composition of the universe; conducting research at the interface of molecular biology and the physical sciences; and ­elementary particle physics, string theory, quantum theory, and quantum gravity.

Each year the School of Natural Sciences appoints about fifty Members, the majority of them postdoctoral fellows, who are typically FACULTY

at the Institute for three years, some for up to five years. Collaboration is Nima Arkani-Hamed encouraged among Members who work in the School’s many scientific Stanislas Leibler areas—from molecular biology to mathematical physics. Juan Maldacena From its earliest days, the Institute has been a leading center for funda­ Carl P. Feinberg Professor mental physics, contributing substantially to many of its central themes, Nathan Seiberg which now interrelate with astrophysics and biology. Areas of current Scott Tremaine interest in theoretical physics include elementary particle physics, string Richard Black Professor theory, quantum theory, and quantum gravity, and their relationship to Edward Witten Charles Simonyi Professor geometry, theoretical and observational astrophysics, and cosmology. Matias Zaldarriaga Research in the School’s astrophysics group encompasses astronomical systems from nearby planets to distant galaxies, from black holes to the dark PROFESSORS EMERITI matter and dark energy that dominate the evolution of the universe. There is a growing cross-fertilization between astrophysics and elementary particle Stephen L. Adler physics, and the work of many Members and Faculty crosses the boundary Freeman J. Dyson between these two disciplines. Members in the astrophysics research group Peter Goddard employ an array of tools from theoretical physics, large-scale computer Peter Goldreich ­simulations, and ground- and space-based observational studies to investigate Arnold J. Levine the origin and composition of the universe, and to use the universe as a ­laboratory to study fundamental physics. At the Simons Center for Systems Biology, the tools of modern physics and mathematics are being applied to biological investigation, on varying scales, from molecular to organismic, and in some cases focusing on understanding disease processes. The School’s collaborative and pioneering approach to the sciences, which extends to the Institute’s School of Mathematics, Princeton ­University, and the larger scientific community, continues to transform research in these fields and to open opportunities for powerful and

ANDREA KANE important discoveries.

31 Astrophysics Richard Black Professor Scott additional signals from binary black hole Over the past several decades, astrono­ Tremaine is investigating whether mergers, almost doubling the sample of mers have learned that (i) galaxies form the inspiraling black holes at the centers existing events. Among them was the hierarchically through the merger of of galaxies merge or suffer some other heaviest event reported so far and the one smaller galaxies, (ii) the centers of most fate: they could form a binary black hole with the highest effective spin parameter. galaxies are occupied by black holes that lasts for the age of the universe or These events provide interesting clues with masses millions or billions of times be ejected by gravitational encounters about the formation of the black hole more than the Sun. These two findings with other massive objects before they systems that LIGO is finding, a topic that prompt the simple question: What merge, depending on the structure and is still enshrouded in mystery. happens to the black holes when two evolution of the stellar system in the Zaldarriaga continues to be interested galaxies merge? central few light years of the galaxy. in topics related to cosmology. In the The black holes will spiral towards Designing and interpreting experiments past year, together with Member Marcel the center of the merged galaxy as they to detect gravitational waves from these Schmittfull and former Members Marko lose orbital energy through gravitational mergers requires that we first understand Simonović and Valentin Assassi, Zaldar­ interactions to its stars. If the inspiral their rate and properties. riaga introduced a new way of modeling continues, the black holes will eventually the distribution of galaxies in the merge. These mergers are by far the most Since the first direct detection of universe, which could allow the next energetic explosions in the universe, ­gravitational waves by the Laser generation of cosmological observations although they are difficult to detect ­Interferometer Gravitational wave to extract more information about because most of the energy is released ­Observatory (LIGO) in late 2015, the the history and composition of our in gravitational waves rather than light. astrophysics related to gravitational universe. In addition, together with The cataclysmic energy release cannot wave sources has occupied many of Simonović and Visitor Mikhail Ivanov, be detected by the on­ ­going LIGO the Members at the IAS. Zaldarriaga reanalyzed data from the ­gravitational-wave experiment, which During 2018–19, Professor Matias BOSS galaxy survey using techniques is designed to detect mergers of much Zaldarriaga, together with Members developed at the IAS in recent years. smaller black holes, but can be measured Barack Zackay, Liang Dai, and Tejaswi The new analysis showed that those through its effect on the travel time of Venumadhav, and Princeton University observations provide among other things radio pulses from neutron stars—a search graduate student Javier Roulet, developed a measurement of the current expansion that is already underway—or by space- a set of new analysis techniques and rate of the universe, independent from based gravitational-wave observatories­ applied them to the public LIGO data. other cosmological probes. This is planned for the 2030s. It resulted in the discovery of many ­interesting because in the last few years discrepant measurements of this quantity have been reported in the literature, which might signal an inconsistency in the standard model of cosmology. The new measurement provides some constraints on the potential origins of the discrepancy.

Systems Biology Using theoretical approaches originating in physics, Professor Stanislas Leibler and Members working at the Simons Center for Systems Biology are looking for general mechanisms that could ­operate across different length and time scales and across different organizational levels of biological systems. In 2018–19, the focus of the research moved towards nonequilibrium aspects of biological phenomena. Together with

DAN KOMODA DAN Member Pablo Sartori, Leibler continued

TRACY SLATYER, Junior Visiting Professor and John N. Bahcall Fellow, presents a colloquium his work on the so-called “multifarious talk on the dark history of the early universe, “Seeking Imprints of Dark Matter Interactions on the assembly,” namely assembly of systems Cosmic Dawn.” made of a large variety of building-block

32 ALL PHOTOS ANDREA KANE ALL PHOTOS

Marta Łuksza (left), Janssen Fellow (2014–18) in the Simons Center for Systems Biology, former Long-term Member Benjamin Greenbaum, and Professor Emeritus Arnold Levine (right), produced a mathematical model (Nature 2017) that can predict how a tumor will evolve under immunotherapy. They are now teaming up with experimentalists and clinicians to study pancreatic cancer patients, aiming to find unique principles that enable cancer cells to prevent immune recognition. components, such as proteins, which can contribute to tumor progression, and would recognize, or to develop a good assemble into multiple aggregate states. that the order of mutations is often understanding of the receptor ensemble Previously, using a simple equilibrium determinative of the tissue undergoing at the level of specificities. Levine and model, they found that assembling reliably transformation (Cancer Cell 2019). Research Associate Victor Mikhaylov, a set of proteins into many different One exploration of these concepts, using an approach based on a combina­ coexisting protein complexes demands undertaken with former Member Chang tion of protein structure modeling and these complexes to have a heterogeneous Chan, studied the contribution of genetics artificial neural networks, are studying composition and to use only a small to tumor penetrance and tumor type this problem, aiming to develop a new ­fraction of the full proteome. Presently, specificity in mice with heterozygous machine­-learning algorithm that would Leibler and Sartori are trying to extend germline mutations in p53 that predis­ learn to predict the specificity of a -T cell these results to include various kinetic pose them to cancer. Because additional receptor, given its sequence. and out-of-­equilibrium phenomena. somatic mutations are required for In addition, Levine, former Long-term Natural selection, which lies at the tumor formation, Levine and Chan Member Benjamin Greenbaum, and basis of evolution, can also be viewed as examined the role that chance plays in former Janssen Fellow Marta Łuksza, are a strongly out-of-equilibrium phenome­ tumor penetrance, as well as the pattern extending their studies (Nature 2017) on non. Together with Leibler, Member of somatic ­mutations that were selected neoantigens detected by fitness-based Riccardo Rao is studying simple mathe­ for, depending on tumor type and the algorithms used to create immune-based matical models to explore quantitatively genetic background of the mice. tumor evolutionary models. Together the dynamical and non­equilibrium Levine and collaborators also with experimentalists and clinicians at aspects of natural selection. They are also continue to study fundamental aspects Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer interested in possible applications of of immunity. The immune system is Center, the group is studying the recent advances on nonequilibrium remarkable in that it recognizes almost patterns of evolution and immune resis­ statistical mechanics to the functioning any foreign substance, remembers tance mechanisms in pancreatic cancer of metabolic­ reaction networks. whether it has seen it before or not, patients, with the goal of finding the and responds much more efficiently to unique principles that enable the The work of the past twenty-five years subsequent exposure. T-cells are a major immune system to overcome self-­ has demonstrated that tumor suppression component of the adaptive immune tolerance and effectively recognize by the p53 gene is a regulated, integrated, system. They help an organism fight cancer cells, as much as to understand and coordinated set of responses mediated infection and cancer and regulate the how cancer cells prevent the recognition. by the p53 protein in response to environ­ immune response. These cells possess The group is especially interested in mental perturbations, resulting in the a diverse repertoire of receptors that elucidating the possibilities of immune maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In can recognize small protein fragments. recognition of frequently mutated genes 2018–19, Professor Emeritus Arnold Receptor sequence data allows an in tumors such as p53, which confer a Levine and others explored the concept improved understanding of the receptor positive evolutionary benefit that can that initial mutations play a dual role ensemble of an organism at the level of outweigh the cost of immune detection. in tumor formation, both enhancing sequences. However, it has not been Understanding these evolutionary survival of the initiating cancer cell, and possible yet to predict what protein frag­ constraints can also help to find universal selecting for secondary mutations that ments a receptor with a given sequence targets for patient treatments.

33 Theoretical Physics 2019 saw a surprising convergence between several threads of research Professor Nima Arkani-Hamed has been pursuing for the past decade, on the connection between mathematical structures in combinatorics and geo­ metry, and basic observables directly connected to the real-world physics of particle scattering,­ centered around the notion of “positive geometries.” These include the story of the “amplituhedron” tied to gluon scattering as well as generalized associahedra related to scalar particles such as the Higgs boson. These ideas, together with structures relevant to ­scattering processes in string AMY RAMSEY theory, overlap in a fascinating way on nearly identical mathematical territory. AMIAS Member YVONNE GEYER discusses recent progress in studying 6d super Yang-Mills and supergravity amplitudes in a high energy physics meeting. An IAS Member since 2016, Geyer has One of the central ingredients in been working on scattering amplitudes in gauge theory and gravity, focusing on their mathematical the geometry/combinatorics–physics structures. connection is a certain “canonical form” associated to a positive geometry, was realized that a particular cluster associahedra” gave a conceptual under­ with the property of having logarithmic algebra is also intimately related to the standing for certain polytopes associated singularities on (and only on) the transcendental functions appearing in with all (finite) cluster algebras. In boundaries. For the case of polytopes, amplitudes of maximally supersymmetric 2019, Arkani-Hamed and collaborators there are a number of intrinsic defini­ theories. But for the same period of found that these general polytopes can tions for determining this canonical time there have been fundamental be understood in very simple physical form. Arkani-Hamed and collaborators obstructions to seeing this work in terms, linking positivity, the notion found a new definition, which naturally general—both because the cluster of “causal diamonds,” and the one-­ deforms these objects to have interest­ ­algebras are generically infinite (while dimensional wave equation. He also ingly “stringy” properties, subbed only some finite part should be of rele­ showed that these more general “stringy canonical forms.” An applica­ vance to physics), and because physics ­polytopes are also directly relevant tion of these forms to the associahedron involves certain functions that are not to physics, describing scalar particle poly­topes relevant to particle scattering associated with the “cluster variables” ­scattering through to “one-loop” order. remarkably produces expressions famil­ of the cluster algebra. Applying the Arkani-Hamed and collaborators iar from string computions, providing a general idea of stringy canonical forms also introduced the notion of “binary” more structural new path from particles to the relevant cluster algebra immedi­ positive and complex geometries, to strings. ately suggests a way of overcoming both giving a completely rigid geometric Another new set of ideas linking hurdles, and Arkani-Hamed and his realization of the combinatorics of the physics of scattering to modern collaborators showed that the associated generalized associahedra attached to mathematics are the notion of “cluster geometries passed a number of non-­ any Dynkin diagram, and defined algebras,” an aspect of which has trivial consistency conditions. This “open” and “closed” stringy canonical already played a role in the story of the work opens the door to a completely form integrals associated with these amplitu­hedron. About a decade ago, it “non-perturbative” geometric under­ spaces. The binary geometry of simplest pinning for understanding scattering “type A” Dynkin diagrams are associ­ amplitudes in the theory. ated with ordinary string integrals, FACULTY & EMERITI HONORS Back in 2017, Arkani-Hamed and while the binary geometries and gener­ Juan Maldacena was awarded the collaborators found that a certain alized string integrals for other Dynkin 2018 Richard E. Prange Prize from the ­“associahedron” in kinematic space types provide a generalization of particle University of Maryland Department of determining the data of particle and string scattering amplitudes. These Physics and Condensed Matter Theory ­scattering, determines the amplitudes reduce to the ABHY polytopes in the Center, and the Galileo Galilei Medal for certain scalar field at the leading “field theory limit.” These represent from the National Institute for Nuclear “tree” level. Mathematicians subse­ new objects with much of the standard Physics and Galileo Galilei Institute. quently realized that these “ABHY magic usually attributed to the physics

34 of the strings but without invoking the wavefunction of the universe, or school, supported by the University of string “worldsheet.” cosmological observables, is particularly Colorado, Boulder, and the National This connection between the simple since the effects of gravity can Science Foundation. ­mathematics of cluster algebras and be taken into account by a mode that positive geometry, and the physics of lives in one less dimension, just one Professor Nathan Seiberg continued gluon, scalar, open, and closed string dimension in this case. This shows that his explorations of quantum field theory­ scattering, has exposed unexpected the simplicity that is present for these —a framework combining quantum simplicity and hidden symmetries rele­ theories for negative cosmological theory with Einstein’s special theory vant to real-world physics while at the constant, where they describe black of relativity. Quantum field theory is same time uncovering new structures holes, is also present for positive important in many branches of physics in mathematics. Arkani-Hamed will cosmological constant, where they including particle physics, string theory, explore the subject from this unified describe an expanding universe. This condensed matter physics, and cosmol­ perspective in the coming years. model gives the simplest situation ogy, and it leads to many insights in In a different vein, in 2017, Arkani- where one can compute the effects of mathematics. There is no doubt that Hamed and collaborators introduced a gravity on cosmological observables. we are still very far from a clear and new formalism to describe scattering With Henry Lin and Ying Zhao, complete understanding of it. processes involving particles of any Maldacena studied another problem One theme of Seiberg’s work is mass or spin. Among other things, this involving two-dimensional gravity the use of the symmetries of the suggested a new notion of what “the theories. In the application of these system (including various generalized most elementary particle” interaction theories for black holes, one important symmetries) and the anomalies in these should be for a particle of any spin. It question is how one describes the symmetries to extract new lessons about is natural to ask whether there are any evolution of fields in the bulk from the dynamics. massive particles in nature enjoying this the point of view of the full quantum With Members Kantaro Ohmori so-called “minimal coupling,” and this system that lives on the boundary. and Shu-Heng Shao, Seiberg studied question has been found to have a Some symmetries, such as time two-dimensional nonlinear models delightful answer. Spinning black ­evolution, are simple on both sides. whose target space is a flag manifold. holes—described by the famous Kerr However, the bulk theory has three This generalizes the well-known model solution in general relativity—when approximate symmetries, the symme­ based on the complex projective space. looked at from long distances, are tries of two dimensional approximately The general flag model exhibits several precisely “elementary particles” with flat (or constantly negatively curved) new elements that are not present­ in minimal coupling to gravity. In 2019, space. In the simplest two-dimensional that special case. It depends on more Arkani-Hamed and collaborators gave gravity theory, it is possible to construct parameters, its global symmetry can be a simple understanding of how this exact generators for these symmetries. larger, and its anomalies can be more comes about by looking at probe particle There are similar approximate genera­ subtle. The analysis, based on symme­ scattering off Kerr black holes. More tors in the full quantum boundary tries and anomalies, suggests that in generally, the link between particle system. These symmetries are closely certain cases and for specific values ­scattering and black hole physics is related to observables that display chaos of the parameters, the model is gapless something Arkani-Hamed plans to in the quantum system dual to the and is described by a simple known further investigate in the coming year. black holes. So in some sense, we get low-­energy theory. “order” (symmetries) from “chaos.” With his students Po-Shen Hsin and In the past year, Carl P. Feinberg This is closely related to the following Ho Tat Lam, Seiberg studied various­ Professor­ Juan Maldacena studied two facts. Near-horizon gravitational systems in three and four dimensions some aspects of two-dimensional gravity scattering processes generate simple with a one-form global symmetry. ­theories. The dynamics of gravity in displacements of the bulk particles. They explored its consequences and two dimensions is simple because there But also these same processes can be analyzed its gauging. A three-dimen­ are no propagating gravitons; however, interpreted as arising from chaos in the sional quantum field theory with such it still captures interesting gravitational microscopic theory. a symmetry has special line operators phenomena such as black holes, the Maldacena and Charles Simonyi that generate it. The properties of these expansion of the universe, etc. Professor Edward Witten organized operators are characterized by a single With Gustavo Turiaci and Zhenbin and gave lectures at the 2018 Prospects integer p. Depending on p in certain Yang, Maldacena studied two-dimen­ in Theoretical Physics summer school special cases, the full theory factorizes sional theories with an expanding “From Qubits to Spacetime.” Malda­ as a product of a theory carrying the universe similar to the one appearing cena also lectured at the Theoretical symmetry and a decoupled theory in the inflationary theory. In these Advanced Study Institute in Elemen­ of neutral objects. The parameter p cases, the computation of the tary Particle Physics 2019 summer labels the obstruction to gauging the

35 symmetry; i.e., it characterizes its ’t Hooft anomaly. This understanding allowed them to consider various four-­ dimensional gauge theories and deduce consequences about their dynamics. They learned new facts about the long-­ distance behavior of these systems and the properties of interfaces in them. With Member Clay Cordova, former Member Daniel S. Freed, and student Ho Tat Lam, Seiberg launched a detailed study of a new kind of ­anomalies. It is customary to couple a quantum system to external classical fields. One application is to couple the global symmetries of the system (including the Poincaré symmetry) to ANDREA KANE background gauge fields (and a metric EDWARD WITTEN, Charles Simonyi Professor, produced a paper with Long-term Member for the Poincaré symmetry). Failure DOUGLAS STANFORD titled “JT Gravity and the Ensembles of Random Matrix Theory,” which extended it to symmetries including the time-reversal symmetry, that which distinguishes bosons and of gauge invariance of the partition fermions, and supersymmetry. In the same paper, they generalized some celebrated work of Maryam function under gauge transformations Mirzakhani, former Member in the School of Mathematics, to the case of super Riemann surfaces. of these fields reflects ’t Hooft anoma­ lies. It is also common to view the anomaly between the flavor symmetry Singer “torsion” to construct the ­ordinary (scalar) coupling constants group and the theta-­periodicity. Again, appropriate measure on the moduli as background fields, i.e., to study the this anomaly unifies distinct recently space of possibly unorientable theory when they are spacetime discovered phenomena in these theories conformal two-manifolds. In the same ­dependent. These authors showed that and controls phase transitions and the paper, Stanford and Witten generalized the notion of ’t Hooft anomalies can dynamics on interfaces. some celebrated work of Maryam be extended naturally to include these Mirzakhani, former Member in the scalar background fields. Just as ordi­ Charles Simonyi Professor Edward School of Mathematics, to the case of nary ’t Hooft anomalies allow them to Witten’s most significant contribution super Riemann surfaces. deduce dynamical consequences about in the last year was a paper with IAS With former Member Davide the phases of the theory and its defects, Long-term Member Douglas Stanford Gaiotto and Theo Johnson-Freyd, the same is true for these generalized “JT Gravity and the Ensembles of Witten found a novel and illuminating ’t Hooft anomalies. Random Matrix Theory.” sufficient condition under which a They demonstrated these anomalies Previously, Stanford with Phil Saad minimally super­symmetric model in and their applications in simple peda­ and former Visitor Steve Shenker had two dimensions (a model with what gogical examples in one dimension related a simple model of gravity in is called (0,1) supersymmetry) can be (quantum mechanics) and in some two dimensions, known as JT gravity, deformed to spontaneously break super­ two-, three-, and four-dimensional to a random matrix ensemble. Stanford symmetry. This work gave a partial quantum field theories. and Witten extended this to include physical interpretation to the mathe­ Then they extended this work to additional symmetries—especially matical theory of “topological modular strongly coupled, four-dimensional time-reversal symmetry, the symmetry forms.” Witten also attempted to use gauge theories. Pure Yang-Mills theory that distinguishes bosons and fermions, an orbifold method to compute (without matter), with a simple and and supersymmetry. In all cases, ­entanglement entropy in open string simply connected gauge group, has a they were able to relate the resulting theory. The results of that calculation mixed anomaly between its one-form gravitational model to a random matrix have been difficult to interpret. global symmetry (associated with the ensemble. All ten of the standard With former Member Kazuya center) and the periodicity of its theta-­ random matrix ensembles—three of Yonekura, Witten developed a non­ parameter. This anomaly is at the root Wigner and Dyson, and seven more perturbative description of “anomaly of many recently discovered properties of Altland and Zirnbauer—made inflow,” and thereby gave a unified of these theories, including their phase an appearance. Mathematically, to general description of the anomalies transitions and interfaces. They also understand the results that come from of fermions coupled to gauge fields studied some gauge theories with the random matrix ensembles, it was and/or gravity in all dimensions. This matter. Here they found a mixed necessary to use Reidemeister­-­Ray­- result is a refinement and generalization

36 of results Witten had obtained in models for the Conway­-Kochen “Free Earth reached a major transition point the 1980s. Will Theorem.” about ten thousand years ago, when Witten also wrote an expository In particle physics, Adler continued a single species became dominant. set of lecture notes “Light Rays, the study of a model he introduced Cultural evolution then replaced ­Singularities, and All That,” on with spin-3/2 fields directly coupled biological evolution as the main cause ­causality properties of general relativity­ ­ to a spin-1/2 field. He completed the of change in the planetary ecology as —topics such as the Penrose singularity analysis of the free field structure of this well as in our own society. Cultural theorem, the Hawking area theorem model, and in collaboration with Pablo evolution works about a thousand times for the horizon­ of a black hole, and Pais recomputed the chiral anomaly faster than biological evolution. But other matters that rely on similar ideas. in this model in an extended version, biological evolution is also accelerating, The goal was to provide an entrée to which adds an auxiliary field to achieve driven by new tools arising from the newcomers in the field, providing more full fermionic gauge invariance. This human development of agriculture intuition and less mathematical detail gave the same answer, an anomaly of and medicine. than in existing treatments. five times the standard spin-1/2 anom­ In the spring of 2019, Dyson wrote aly, that Adler obtained last year for the a summary of his thinking about Professor Emeritus Stephen L. Adler unextended model. Implications of this ­evolution, with the title, “Biological continued activities in three areas of for the field content of grand unification and Cultural Evolution: Six Characters research interest: particle physics, schemes involving gauged spin-3/2 in Search of an Author.” He borrowed ­gravitation and cosmology, and fields are currently under study. the subtitle from the Luigi Pirandello ­quantum foundations. In quantum In cosmology, Adler analyzed the play, which has six actors without any foundations, with Angelo Bassi, Matteo implications of a frame-dependent dark script improvising a drama on an empty Carlesso, and Andrea Vinante, Adler energy action for the late-time expan­ stage. His six characters are Charles calculated the rate of heating of sion history of the universe, stimulated Darwin, Motoo Kimura, and Ursula a degenerate Fermi liquid by the noise by reports of a discrepancy between Goodenough for biological evolution, postulated in state vector reduction the directly measured late-time Hubble and Herbert Wells, Richard Dawkins, models, showing that the bounds constant and the Hubble constant and Svante Pääbo for cultural evolution. obtained from neutron star cooling are inferred at decoupling by studies of the Each of the six brought unexpected and less severe than already known bounds. cosmic microwave background. Adler’s divergent twists to the understanding He also arranged a Gordon and Betty analysis shows novel late-time effects of of evolution. Three of them are still Moore Foundation Visitor Award possible experimental interest. alive, and the drama that they together through the American Physical Society improvised is still evolving. to allow experimenter Catalina Oana Professor Emeritus Freeman Dyson Dyson’s summary is now accessible Curceanu to visit the IAS for two weeks continued his survey of the history on the Edge website hosted by John to discuss experiments to detect the of ideas about evolution, as described Brockman. It is an informal and postulated noise. Her visit overlapped in the 2017–18 report. This year, he provisional document, which may for a week with a two-week visit by enlarged the survey to include cultural or may not be expanded into a book. Bassi, who has a large group in Trieste evolution in addition to biological Before it becomes a book, extensive working on phenomenology of reduc­ evolution. Biological evolution is driven scholarly research and careful checking tion models, and with whom Adler has by mutation of genes and ­rearrangement of references are needed. In the ongoing discussions and collaborations. of genomes. Cultural evolution is driven meantime, Dyson welcomes comments Adler also wrote a paper analyzing the by invention of tools and diffusion­ of and criticism, especially if they implications of non­-white noise in these ideas. The history of life on planet correct mistakes.

2018–19 MEMBERS AND VISITORS f First Term F s Second Term F m Long-term Member F v Visitor F dvp Distinguished Visiting Professor F jvp Junior Visiting Professor F ra Research Associate

Ahmed Almheiri Katrin Becker Susan E. Clark Quantum Field Theory F Institute for Advanced String Theory, Particle Physics, Cosmology F Texas Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Study A&M University F f Space Telescope Science Institute Hubble Fellow Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Ben Bar-Or Matthew Coleman Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Melanie Becker Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Founders’ Circle String Theory F Texas A&M University F f Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Member IBM Einstein Fellow and NASA

37 Clay Cordova Nima Lashkari Pablo Sartori Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Quantum Gravity, Quantum Field Theory, Systems Biology F Institute for Advanced Study Study F m Quantum Information Theory F Institute for Eric and Wendy Schmidt Member in Biology Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Marcel Manfred Schmittfull Kyle Cranmer Cosmology F Institute for Advanced Study Particle Physics and Machine Learning F New York Jing Luan Corning Glass Works Foundation Fellowship; addi- University F jvp, f Theoretical Astrophysics and Planetary Science F tional funding provided by the National Science Institute for Advanced Study Foundation Liang Dai Cosmology F Institute for Advanced Study Raghu Mahajan Shu-Heng Shao Funding provided by the Raymond and Beverly Quantum Field Theory F Princeton University F v Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Sackler Foundation Fund Study F m Victor Mikhaylov Roger Dashen Member; additional funding provided Jean-Baptiste Fouvry Biology F Institute for Advanced Study F ra by the National Science Foundation Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Space Telescope Science Institute Hubble Fellow Jordi Miralda-Escude Frederik Simons Astrophysics, Cosmology F Universitat de Barcelona Geophysics F Princeton University F f Yvonne Geyer Corning Glass Works Foundation Fellowship Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Tracy Slatyer Ryan Miranda AMIAS Member; additional funding provided by the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, Cosmology F Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study National Science Foundation Massachusetts Institute of Technology F jvp Funding provided by the National Science Foundation John N. Bahcall Fellow Victor Gorbenko and NASA Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Charlotte Sleight Prahar Mitra Della Pietra Postdoctoral Member Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Quantum Field Theory F Institute for Advanced European Commission Marie Curie Fellowship Adrian Hamers Study Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Douglas Stanford Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Member Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Elena Murchikova Study F m Keisuke Harigaya Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Bezos Member Rashid Sunyaev Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Astrophysics F Max-Planck-Institute für Tejaswi Venumadhav Nerella Astrophysik F dvp James Colin Hill Cosmology, Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Maureen and John Hendricks Visiting Professor Cosmology F Institute for Advanced Study and Study Columbia University Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member Brian Swingle Funding provided by the W. M. Keck Foundation Physics F University of Maryland F jvp, f Fund William Isaac Newman IBM Einstein Fellow Theoretical Astrophysics F University of California, Daniel Steven Kapec Los Angeles Todd Thompson Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study IBM Einstein Fellow Astrophysics F The Ohio State University F jvp Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy IBM Einstein Fellow Kantaro Ohmori Anna Karlsson Quantum Field Theory, String Theory F Institute Yuan-Sen Ting Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study for Advanced Study Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the Swedish Research Council Funding provided by the Paul Dirac Fund and the Space Telescope Science Institute Hubble Fellow National Science Foundation Alexander A. Kaurov Ken Van Tilburg Astrophysics, Cosmology F Institute for Advanced David Radice Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study and Study Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study New York University William D. Loughlin Member Frank and Peggy Taplin Member Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy

Simon Knapen Roman Rafikov Tomer Volansky Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Astrophysics F University of Cambridge Particle Physics F Tel Aviv University Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Funding provided by the Ambrose Monell Foundation Riccardo Rao and the Adler Family Fund Shota Komatsu Systems Biology F Institute for Advanced Study Quantum Field Theory F Institute for Advanced Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Member in Biology Benjamin Wallisch Study Cosmology F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Brant Robertson Marvin L. Goldberger Member Theoretical and Computational Astrophysics F Petr Kravchuk University of California, Santa Cruz F jvp, s Juven Chun-Fan Wang Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Maureen and John Hendricks Visiting Professor Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Vladimir Rosenhaus Paul Langacker Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Barak Zackay Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study F v Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study The Peter Svennilson Membership Thomas Rudelius Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Ying Zhao Carl P. Feinberg Founders’ Circle Member; additional Physics F Institute for Advanced Study ­funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the Simons Foundation

38 Susan Clark on Interstellar Magnetism You may have done this ­experiment as a child: spread a bunch of iron filings on a table, a heap of insouciant metal dust. Now place a bar magnet in their midst, and ah! The iron filings snap to attention, as if endowed with a sudden sense of purpose. DAN KOMODA DAN They align their lengths with the local magnetic field orientation, and suddenly an invisible presence is

revealed: the curving contours of the magnetic field. KOMODA DAN I want to pull off a similar revealing act. I want to see, and understand, Scott Tremaine on the magnetic field that permeates our Milky Way galaxy. Read more at Discovering and Exploring www.ias.edu/ideas/interstellar-magnetism. the Milky Way’s Black Hole On May 3, 2019, Scott Tremaine, Richard Black Matias Zaldarriaga and Barak Zackay on Professor in the School of Natural Sciences, gave a lecture on the evidence for a supermassive The Current State of Gravitational Wave black hole at the core of the Milky Way galaxy, Searches with LIGO/Virgo denoted Sagittarius A*. The talk focuses on In April 2019, a research team at what we know, what we hope to learn, and IAS announced the discovery of the techniques being used to study this exotic six new binary black hole mergers. object. Watch the video at www.ias.edu/ideas/ The team applied a unique set of inward-bound. signal processing techniques to data made publicly available by the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration (the

DAN KOMODA DAN same group responsible for the first direct observation of gravitational waves in 2016), bringing external analysis to existing data to effectively double the number of results. At the time of the announcement, two members of the team— Matias Zaldarriaga, Professor in the School of Natural Sciences, and Barak Zackay, Peter Svennilson Member in the School—described these results for an audience at IAS. Watch the video at www.ias.edu/ideas/ gravitational-wave-searches-ligovirgo. Lena Murchikova on How the Event Horizon Telescope Showed Us a Black Hole dward itten on athematics and hysics E W M P On April 10, 2019, we were presented with the When I was a student, a physics first-ever close-up image of a black hole by the graduate student would not be Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). This remarkable exposed—I was not, and I think technological achievement was made possible by others would not have been the collective efforts of hundreds of astrophysics, either—to any ideas at all in engineers, and computer scientists. They arranged contemporary mathematics or for simultaneous observations of their target really even in twentieth-century with multiple telescopes around the globe and mathematics, practically. Now, correlated the data between the instruments to ANDREA KANE clearly, things have changed a lot effectively achieve the creation of a planet-sized since then.—Edward Witten, Charles Simonyi Professor in the School of Natural telescope. The data was then processed to make Sciences, in conversation with Robbert Dijkgraaf, IAS Director and Leon Levy the image we saw in the news. Professor, during “The Universe Speaks in Numbers” event at IAS in May 2019. But did we really “see” a black hole when we were Read more by Edward Witten at www.ias.edu/ideas/edward-­witten- shown “just” a digital image? And how is it possible mathematics-and-physics and watch videos of the event at www.ias.edu/ to create an Earth-sized telescope? Read more at ideas/videos-universe-speaks-numbers. www.ias.edu/ideas/murchikova-eht-black-hole. 39 Member ANNE McNEVIN (left), Deborah Lunder and Alan Ezekowitz Founders’ Circle Member GRETA WAGNER (right), and Member SOPHIE WAHNICH (not pictured) curated a discussion on the theme of hospitality during the School’s Crisis and Critique seminar. School of Social Science

Founded in 1973, the School of Social Science is devoted to a multidisciplinary and international approach to the analysis of societies, social change, and social problems. Every year, a theme is chosen to provide coherence to the collective work undertaken, although other areas of research are also welcome. For 2018–19, the theme was “Crisis and Critique.” In total, twenty-six Members and eight Visitors participated in the activities of the School.

Although it could be argued that each epoch in the modern era is regarded by its contemporary as a time of crisis, the present FACULTY

moment seems to offer in this respect certain particular traits in terms of Didier Fassin the quality, intensity, and spread of its crisis. In fact, crises appear to be James D. Wolfensohn Professor present in many aspects of human life, whether environmental with ­climate change, political with the predicament of democracies, social PROFESSORS EMERITI with the increase of inequalities, economic with cycles of depression, Joan Wallach Scott and demographic with massive displacements of people. Among these Michael Walzer various dimensions, two seem distinctively salient: one is moral, the other cognitive. On the one hand, the moral beliefs and convictions of the population differ to such a degree that the consent necessary for action and reform is no longer given. On the other hand, knowledge is itself challenged and destabilized both externally by the contestation of its legitimacy and internally as it can no longer rely on some shared norms and claim an impartial standpoint. In sum, both trust and truth are at stake, and critical thinking becomes more crucial than ever. Led by Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Professor, and Distin­ guished Visiting Professor Axel Honneth, Jack C. Weinstein Professor for the Humanities at Columbia University, the yearly program of the School therefore addressed the complex relationships between crisis and critique. It brought together the various disciplines of the social sciences and humanities, including history, sociology, anthropology, law, economics, philosophy, political science, social theory, and media studies. It examined critical issues raised within multiple national ­contexts and from diverse intellectual perspectives, convening scholars from different regions of the world who belong to distinct scientific traditions and sometimes even contest the very language of crisis to interpret contemporary phenomena. It analyzed public debates and

THOMAS CLARKE THOMAS social movements, which question the explanatory framework of crises

41 ANDREA KANE THOMAS CLARKE THOMAS

Distinguished Visiting Professor AXEL HONNETH (left) leads a “Crisis and Critique” seminar with DIDIER FASSIN (right), James D. Wolfensohn Professor. The School’s theme year examined critical issues raised within multiple national contexts and from diverse intellectual perspectives, convening scholars from different regions of the world.

and attempt to invent new forms of recognition of a situation as a crisis, of Global Humanities and Critical critical practice. The outcome of this objective and subjective, or factual and Theory in Bologna, and several other collective endeavor, an edited volume, is performative, the two being possibly interventions were given at public in preparation. It explores the varieties dissociated, when a critical situation events, including at the Schaubühne of modalities of making sense of, is not identified as a crisis or, on the in Berlin in conversation with Carolin coping with, revolting against, and contrary, when a crisis is declared Emcke and at the École Nationale de solving critical states of the world that without a corresponding critical la Magistrature in France as part of threaten decent life, common goods, situation. This dissociation leads to the training of judges. In relation democratic institutions, individual and two series of questions, which are with this aspect of his research, Fassin collective rights, even the world and its illustrated through various examples: participated in the Criminal Sentencing inhabitants, or simply representations Who has the authority to affirm and Disposition Commission appointed of reality. In parallel, a film series on the existence of a crisis and who is by the Governor of the State of New crises from an international perspective deprived of it? What does the naming Jersey and chaired by former Chief was organized with Marcia Tucker, of a crisis authorize and what does Justice Deborah Poritz. the Historical Studies and Social it symmetrically censure? Several The social life of objects has Science librarian. versions of this study were presented at recently been a topic of interest in the As part of this program, Didier the Universities of Zürich, Siena, and social sciences and humanities. Based Fassin developed a theoretical Copenhagen, Sapienza in Rome, and on his recently published ethnography framework for his project “Crisis: at the New School for Social Research. of a French prison, Fassin has proposed An Inquiry into the Contemporary A chapter was written for the volume to revisit this domain, arguing that Moment” funded through his Nomis Words and Worlds (Duke University things such as peepholes or tobacco, Distinguished Scientist Award, Press) co-edited with Veena Das. which play a major role in the carceral examining in particular the so-called The crisis unveiled by the yellow vest world, are of relevance for the social migrant crisis in Europe. The case movement in France was discussed sciences not so much intrinsically but epitomizes the dual component of the during a workshop at the Institute and through the relations they have with published with Anne-Claire Defossez human beings. This argument, which in the New Left Review. is part of a broader critique of anti-­ The anthropology of punishment humanism, has been presented for FACULTY & EMERITI HONORS was the matter of lectures at the Uni­ the Melvin Tumin Lecture on Social Joan Wallach Scott was awarded the versities of Buenos Aires, Montevideo,­ Inequality at Princeton University as 2018 Edgar de Picciotto International and Santiago, and at the Cambridge well as at the Universities of Prague Prize from the Graduate Institute of Institute of Criminology. A keynote and Cambridge. It has been expanded Geneva. lecture was delivered at the Academy in a chapter of the volume The Social

42 ANDREA KANE

Member EVA ILLOUZ, a sociologist and critical theorist, gives a School of Social Science lunchtime seminar on “Uncertainty, Crisis, and Negative Relationships.”

Sciences through the Looking-Glass increase with the quality, inclusiveness, Judgment of History”). Both deal (Oxford University Press) co-edited and fairness of the division of labor with the question of how history with George Steinmetz. within society. He subsequently worked (History) is used to offer a moral Finally, a reflection on the role of to spell out the implications of the ­legitimation for political action in the the social sciences in contemporary concept of the division of labor (A. ­present and the future. She examined societies, and more specifically of Smith, Marx, Durkheim) and to adopt three cases to explore the different ethnography as a specific mode of it to the new developments of work in ways in which action in the name of knowledge production, has been capitalist societies. history operates: the International ­developed at the Universities of Vienna In addition, Honneth wrote a longer Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, and San Martin in Argentina as well essay on the moral-philosophical idea, Germany, in 1946; the South African as during a one-week seminar at the developed over the last twenty years Truth and Reconciliation Commission École des Hautes Études en Sciences by his colleague Stephen Darwall, that in 1996; and the ongoing movement Sociales in Paris. It was also the source humans are transcendentally required for reparations for slavery in the of an invitation by playwright Wajdi to take a “second-person standpoint” United States. Central European Maouwad for three public events at the when being confronted with others in University Press will publish “In Villa Medici in Rome. personal encounters. He also wrote the the Name of History”; Columbia In addition to helping to prepare Marc Bloch lecture that he was invited University Press will publish “On with Professor Didier Fassin the to deliver at the Sorbonne in early June the Judgment of History.” weekly lunch seminar and the theme 2019 by invitation of the École des In addition, Scott published seminars of the year, Distinguished Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales. Knowledge, Power, and Academic Freedom Visiting Professor Axel Honneth The lecture attempted to find another in 2019—a collection of her essays ­developed by readings and discussions source for European solidarity, namely spanning twenty years on the subject the theoretical fundaments for a larger one that resulted from Europe’s long of academic freedom. Also in 2019, project on the current crisis of work. history of search for morally over­ her 2018 book, Sex and Secularism, was Honneth collected relevant material coming its own crimes and injustices. published in French translation as La and developed a normative framework Professor Emerita Joan Wallach Religion de la Laïcité. When the book for determining why certain tendencies Scott worked on the revisions of a appeared last fall, Scott spent time within the capitalist world of work series of lectures she gave first as the in Paris defending her controversial can be seen as problematic. He took Natalie Zemon Davis Lecturer at argument that secularism, far from democracy as his normative reference the Central European University in guaranteeing gender equality, rested point to develop the central premise ­Budapest (“In the Name of History”) on the inequality of the sexes. of his research project: the chances and then as the Ruth Benedict Lecturer The Geneva Graduate Institute for participation in democracies will at Columbia University (“On the awarded her the Edgar Picciotto

43 ANDREA KANE THOMAS CLARKE THOMAS

Left: Member DANIEL ALDANA COHEN (left), a political sociologist who works on climate change, with Member ROBIN CELIKATES (right), who studies civil disobedience as a response to the structural shortcomings of liberal democracies, at a Crisis and Critique seminar. Right: Member HAE YEON CHOO, whose research project examines the politics of land ownership in contemporary South Korea, in a lunchtime seminar.

International Prize for her pioneering attended the theme seminar regularly, Germany in the School in 2018–19, work on gender. She noted in her joined the discussions, and is now Walzer tried out the lecture on them acceptance speech that it was a writing something for a possible book before traveling to Germany. They wonderful irony to be awarded this by seminar Members that Professor were wonderfully helpful in making prize for her work on gender in the Didier Fassin and Distinguished sure that he provoked only the right city of Calvin and Rousseau. Visiting Professor Axel Honneth will kind of disagreements. During the academic year, Scott was edit. Walzer has begun an article on Walzer also finished a paper on an active member of the Globalization the forms of social theory and social the rules of engagement for police and Social Change seminar at the criticism that go along with and help and soldiers (and why they should be Graduate Center of the City University to drive political and social movements different), which was a keynote address of New York. She lectured at the like the civil rights movement and the at a conference on police ethics at University of North Carolina at Chapel anti-war movement of the 1960s. Years Pennsylvania State University and for Hill, at Texas A&M Corpus Christi, ago, Honneth and Walzer debated which Walzer had talked often with and in London at Goldsmiths College. the value of social theory for practical Members in 2017–18. Walzer gave two She continues to serve as a member of criticism and political work in the “real talks at Labyrinth Books—on the third the Committee on Academic Freedom world.” They repeated the debate (and volume of The Jewish Political Tradition and Tenure of the American Associa­ revised some of their own positions) and on the reissue of a book he wrote tion of University Professors, where for the theme seminar, and that is what half-a-century ago on Political Action. she is now chairing a subcommittee led Walzer to the new charged with writing a report on the article on theory, critique, ways in which the current administra­ and movement politics. tion’s attack on knowledge is putting In addition, Walzer the nation at grave risk. wrote a paper on immi­ Professor Emeritus Michael gration that was the basis Walzer wrote on a variety of topics in for a debate on the topic 2018–19, determined by invitations to at Princeton Uni­­versity conferences in the United States and and, subsequently, was abroad and by the School of Social turned into a lecture that Science’s theme for the year: Crisis and he gave at univer­sities Critique. Since he has a long-standing in Germany and Israel. interest in social criticism and has Since there were five written a great deal about it, Walzer or six Members from

44 2018–19 MEMBERS AND VISITORS

f First Term F s Second Term F v Visitor F dvp Distinguished Visiting Professor

Hector Amaya Chitralekha Dhamija Rahel Jaeggi Eugene T. Richardson Philosophy of Communication F Anthropology F Jawaharlal Nehru Social Philosophy F Humboldt– Epidemic Disease, Critical Medical University of Virginia University F v Universität zu Berlin Anthropology F Harvard Medical Infosys Member School F v Gregor Dobler Michael Kazin Dorian Bell Anthropology F Albert-Ludwigs- History of Politics and Social Dieter Thomä Critical Race Studies, Literature F Universität Freiburg F v Movements in the Nineteenth and Philosophy F Universität St. Gallen University of California, Santa Twentieth Centuries F Georgetown Cruz Beshara Doumani University Achim Vesper History F Brown University Friends of the Institute for Advanced Philosophy F Goethe-Universität Mabel Berezin Study Member Frankfurt F v Historical, Comparative, Political, Andreas Eckert African History F Humboldt– Greta Wagner and Cultural Sociology F Cornell Munira Khayyat Universität zu Berlin Sociology F Goethe-Universität University Anthropology F The American Richard B. Fisher Member University in Cairo Frankfurt David Bond Deborah Lunder and Alan Ezekowitz Martin Hartmann Wolfensohn Family Member Cultural Anthropology F Bennington Founders’ Circle Member College Philosophy F Universität Luzern Ji Li Sophie Wahnich Rowena Xiaoqing He Law F Rutgers Law School Denise Brennan History of the French Revolution F Modern and Contemporary China F Zurich Financial Services Member Anthropology F Georgetown Centre National de la Recherche University Saint Michael’s College Aldo Marchesi Scientifique and École des Hautes Dora Isabel Herrador-Valencia Contemporary Latin American Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris Robin Celikates F F History Universidad de la F Human Geography Institute for Philosophy University of F Jessica Winegar Advanced Study F v, s República, Uruguay s Amsterdam Anthropology F Northwestern Axel Honneth Clara Elisabetta Mattei University Hae Yeon Choo History of Economic Thought, History F Social and Political Philosophy, Theory Sociology University of Toronto F Deborah J. Yashar of Society F Goethe-Universität of Capitalism, Critical Theory The New School Political Science, Comparative Politics, Daniel Aldana Cohen Frankfurt and Columbia Latin America, Political Economy of Political Sociology of Climate University F dvp Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., and Annette Development F Princeton Change F University of L. Nazareth Member University F v Pennsylvania Murad Idris Political Theory F University of Anne McNevin Rodrigo Cordero Virginia Politics, International Relations F Social Theory F Universidad AMIAS Member The New School Diego Portales, Santiago Eva Illouz Jennifer Petersen F Anne-Claire Defossez Sociology, Critical Theory F Centre Media Studies University of F Sociology F Institute for Advanced de Sociologie Européenne, Paris, Virginia v Study F v and École des Hautes Études en Neryvia Pillay Bell Sciences Sociales, Paris Economics F University of Cape Funding provided by the Florence Town F v Gould Foundation Fund ANDREA KANE THOMAS CLARKE THOMAS

Left: Member MABEL BEREZIN (left) researches challenges to democratic cohesion and solidarity in Europe and the United States. Right: Member RAHEL JAEGGI delivers a seminar on “Crisis, Critique, and Social Changes: Towards a Normative-Materialistic Conception.”

45 Anne-Claire Defossez and Didier Fassin on the Yellow Vests Movement How could a leaderless grassroots movement, involving often quite small groups of protesters, monopolize the national news, capture the attention of the wider world, and destabilize a government that had swept to power by a landslide victory in 2017? As Jacques Rancière has suggested, it is as difficult to understand why some people mobilize when confronted with situations they regard as unacceptable, as it is to understand why others in similar or even worse circumstances do not. The gilets jaunes upsurge appears all the more remarkable when one considers that most of its adherents had

SEBASTIEN BOZON/AFP/GETTY IMAGES SEBASTIEN never participated in a demonstration before and A roundabout near Colmar, birthplace of the sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, designer refuse any political or union affiliation. Read more of the Statue of Liberty, March 2018 at www.ias.edu/ideas/yellow-vests-movement.

Michael Walzer on Political Action Written almost fifty years ago, in the immediate aftermath of the Amer­ ican bombing of Cambodia, Political Action: A Practical Guide to Movement Politics reflects a decade of intense political activity. Since I was aiming at a guide that would be helpful to citizen activists of all sorts, I avoided specific references to sixties politics; I wrote in a generalizing mode. But now I want to describe to new readers some of the concrete engagements that made me a citizen activist and led me to write Political Action. Movement politics is mostly the work of the young, and I was very young, twenty-five, an unhappy graduate student, when Irving Howe, VIA H-FRANCE SALON the editor of Dissent, asked me to fly to North Carolina and talk to and orkshop elebrating write about the black college students who were sitting in at Woolworth W C lunch counters. It was February­ 1960, and the sit-ins were the beginning Natalie Zemon Davis of The Sixties. Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/walzer-political-action. On April 26, 2019, the Institute’s School of Historical Studies and the Shelby Cullom Davis Center for Historical Studies at Princeton University organized a workshop celebrating the ninetieth birthday of Natalie Zemon Davis, acclaimed early modern historian and former Member (1978) in the School of Social Science. Presenters included IAS Professors Francesca Trivellato and Joan Wallach Scott and IAS Trustee Lorraine Daston, who ­gathered to pay tribute to Davis’s brilliant scholarship and intellectual leadership. The workshop concluded with Davis’s own account of her collaboration with the Lebanese-French- ­­Québécois playwright and director Wajdi Mouawad. Watch videos from the workshop at www.ias.edu/news/workshop­-natalie- zemon-davis, and read the contributors’ BETTMANN/GETTY IMAGES On February 13, 1960, students line the counter of a dime store in Greensboro, North texts at www.ias.edu/news/in-the-media/ Carolina, in protest of the store’s refusal to serve them. essays-natalie-zemon-davis-90th.

46 Joan Wallach Scott on the Persistence of Gender Inequality Some of the reasons usually offered to explain the persistence of gender inequality include large abstractions: patriarchy, capitalism, male self-interest, misogyny, religion. These are, of course, useful categories to work with, but none of them can account for how deep-rooted these inequalities are in

our psyches, our cultures, and our politics. My alternative KOMODA DAN explanation, based on psychoanalytic and political theory, has to do with the ways in which gender and politics are idier assin ivide and ule interdependent: a naturalized belief in the necessary and D F : D R immutable difference of the sexes provides legitimation for In the London Review of Books, Didier Fassin, James D. the organization of other social and political inequalities; Wolfensohn Professor in the School of Social Science, in turn the legitimation invoked by politics establishes the ­examines the recent European elections from a immutability of biology. Whether taken as God’s word or French perspective, arguing that Emmanuel Macron’s Nature’s mandate, gender—the historically and culturally ­representation of the democratic challenge for Europe as variable attempt to insist on the duality of sex difference— an alternative­ between “nationalists” and “progressives,” becomes the basis for imagining social, political, and whom he would embody, is a mere rhetoric to elude economic orders. In this representation of things, to the fact that his actual politics is a traditional “mix of ­question the asymmetry of the sexes as a biological fact ­neoliberalism and authoritarianism, projected by means is to threaten an entire political order. Read more at of his own distinctive form of populism.” Read more at www.ias.edu/ideas/scott-gender-inequality. www.ias.edu/news/in-the-media/divide-and-rule.

Rowena Xiaoqing He on Surviving Tiananmen: The Price of Dissent in China Since the Tiananmen massacre, activists, scholars, and regular citizens have launched a war against forgetting. Many Tianan­ men veterans, both inside and outside China, includ­ ing Liu Xiaobo, the late Nobel Peace Prize laureate who died a political ­prisoner in 2017, have devoted their lives to the unfinished cause of 1989. AP YU PHOTO/VINCENT Commemoration activities are organized in major cities every year. Tens of thousands of people gather in Hong Kong’s Victoria Park annually to demand truth and justice for those who were violently silenced in 1989. The image of thousands of people ­holding candles has become as iconic as the Tank Man, reminding us that Tiananmen is not just about repression—it’s about hope. Read more at www.ias.edu/news/in-the-media/he-surviving-tiananmen.

47 Composer and cellist ZOË KEATING (left) joins Artist-in-Residence DAVID LANG (right) for a post-performance conversation with the audience as part of the 2018–19 Edward T. Cone Concert Series. Special Programs and Outreach

The Institute for Advanced Study is committed to the idea that science and learning transcend all geographic boundaries and scholastic disciplines, and that scholars and ­scientists are members of one commonwealth of the mind. It engages with the greater Princeton community through ­public lectures, concerts, and events, and extends its ­influence beyond academia through innovative programs designed to inspire and educate.

Beyond the work that takes place in the four Schools, the Institute’s scope is broadened and enhanced by its special programs, which contribute SPECIAL PROGRAMS much to the vitality of the Institute. Program in The Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, directed by Professor Piet Hut, Interdisciplinary Studies explores ways of viewing the world that span a range of disciplines from Director’s Visitors computational astro­physics, geology, and paleontology to artificialintelligence, ­ cognitive psychology, and philosophy. Artist-in-Residence The Director’s Visitor program enables the Director to invite scholars from a Program variety of fields, including areas not represented within the four Schools, to OUTREACH participate in the range of intellectual and social activities at the Institute. The Artist-in-Residence Program was established in 1994 to create a musical IAS/Park City ­presence within the Institute community, and to have in residence a person whose Mathematics Institute work could be experienced and appreciated by scholars from all ­disciplines. Program for Women and Artists-in-Residence have included Robert Taub, Jon Magnussen, Paul Moravec, Mathematics Derek Bermel, Sebastian Currier, and, as of 2016, David Lang. Prospects in Theoretical The Institute also engages in outreach beyond its local community. Since Physics 1994, the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute has integrated mathematics Summer Program in educators, researchers, and students through innovative programs. The ­Program Social Science for Women and Mathematics, sponsored jointly with Princeton University, provides substantive mathematics content as well as practical encouragement Digital Scholarship@IAS for women to pursue careers in the field of mathematics. The School of Natural Sciences sponsors Prospects in Theoretical Physics, a two-week residential summer program held at the Institute for exceptionally prom­ising graduate students and postdoctoral scholars. The Summer Program in Social Science, led by Professor Didier Fassin, is an interdisciplinary initiative for early-career scholars from Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, which aims to enrich and expand the realm of social sciences through the confrontation of different intellectual traditions and perspectives. A Digital Scholarship@IAS initiative was formed in 2016 to accelerate the pace of research across disciplines and geographic locations by offering Faculty and Members new tools and technologies to gather and process large amounts

DAN KOMODA DAN of data, visualize the results, and make the data and results openly available.

49 SPECIAL PROGRAMS PROGRAM IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES DAN KOMODA DAN ANDREA KANE

The current research theme of Professor Piet Hut, head of the Institute’s Program Left: Professor Emeritus FREEMAN DYSON in Interdisciplinary Studies, is a study of the origins of novelty throughout the (right) gives an After Hours Conversations talk on history of the universe, specifically the origins and nature of cognition. biological and cultural evolution. In the After Hours Conversations series, speakers from each of the four The three greatest forms of novelty have been the origin of the universe itself, Schools give ten-minute talks on major open problems in the Big Bang; the origin of life on Earth and likely elsewhere in the universe; in their fields, followed by informal discussions. and the origin of consciousness. Of these three, the first one stands out as having Right: A main focus of Professor PIET HUT (right), provided the cosmic stage on which everything else plays out, while the last one has been a study of the origins of novelty throughout the history of the universe, specifically the origins and provided the means of describing the stage and the plays that are performed nature of cognition. on it. Hut continued to work on a book project on the origins of novelty, tenta­ tively titled “The Innovation Circle: Emergent Order in Cognition and in the 2018–19 visitors f First Term World,” in collaboration with Eric Smith, a physicist at the Earth-Life Science Institute in Tokyo, a research center that Hut and colleagues founded seven Ayako Fukui years ago. Another book project, tentatively titled “Open Mind, Open World,” Harmonic Analysis F ARAYA Brain Imaging is taking shape in a long-term collaboration between Hut and Dan Zahavi, Eiko Ikegami a philosopher of phenomenology at the University of Copenhagen and Historical Sociology F The New School

Oxford University. Yuko Ishihara As the head of the Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, Hut has led the After Philosophy F Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Hours Conversations series of regular “bar talks,” in which speakers from each Institute of Technology F f of the four Schools give ten-minute talks, followed by informal discussions, a Barnaby Marsh ­popular program that he started eleven years ago with Professor Emerita Evolutionary Dynamics F Harvard University ­Caroline Walker Bynum. Michael Th. Rassias Hut and his visitors hold (literally) round-table lunches during most of the Mathematical Analysis, Analytic Number Theory F first and second term, in the Simons Hall dining hall. Anyone is welcome to join Universität Zürich these lunches, where the main topics are related to cognition, as discussed from Michael Solomon many different angles, with rich contributions from visitors of all four Schools Bioethics F Institute for Advanced Study at IAS. Edwin Turner Two of Hut’s visitors wrote an article about the Program in Interdisciplinary Astrophysics F Princeton University Studies for the Newsletter of the European Mathematical Society, Issue 112, June 2019, Corijn van Mazijk pp.40–42 (available at www.ias.edu/ems-pids). Philosophy F University of Groningen F f Some of the invited talks given by Hut were “ALife in the Context of Origins Questions” (ALife Conference, Tokyo), “What Contains What? The Olaf Witkowski Artificial Life and Complex Systems F Earth-Life Science Relationship between Mind and World, in Science and in Contemplation” Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology F f (Columbia University, New York), “History and Future of Scientific ­Revolutions” (University of Wisconsin–Madison).

50 ARTIST-IN-RESIDENCE PROGRAM DAN KOMODA DAN PERL MAURIE

Left: Artist-in-Residence DAVID LANG answers questions from the audience as part of the Edward T. Cone Concert Series. Right: Lang (far right) joins cast onstage during the June 2019 world premiere of his opera prisoner of the state at Lincoln Center.

In his third season as IAS Artist-in-Residence, Pulitzer Prize–winning composer David Lang curated the 2018–19 Edward T. Cone Concert Series, the last in a three-year series titled “The Pattern Makers.” This season opened with the Grammy Award– winning Vox Clamantis Choir, which sang both Gregorian Chant and contemporary music based on Gregorian Chant. The season continued with composer and cellist Zoë Keating, who used technology to loop and superimpose long musical phrases on the spot, building up dense layers of melodies that collided dramatically on top of each other. In early 2019, Lang hosted young superstar tenor Nicholas Phan, who sang Schubert’s Die Schöne Müllerin accompanied by pianist Myra Huang. The season concluded with a night of performances by acclaimed film and theater actor Paul Lazar, who delivered John Cage’s Indeterminacy, and the Sandbox Percussion ensemble, who performed a number of Cage’s percussive pieces. June saw the world premiere of Lang’s opera prisoner of the state with the New York Philharmonic at the Lincoln Center in New York City. Of the opera, an adaptation of Beethoven’s Fidelio, Lang told Billboard, “[Fidelio] walks up to the place where you can have a political opinion, then it backs away. I just remember thinking, I wonder what it would be like to have this piece go all the way?” Lang begins his second three-year term as IAS Artist-in-Residence in September 2019. Learn more at www.ias.edu/air.

DIRECTOR’S VISITORS

Theoretical physicist Curtis Callan has recently At the IAS, Sally Marlow, broadcaster and Fellow become fascinated by the opportunities for theory of King’s College London, worked to make the that modern biology presents. At IAS, he worked documentary Hotel Genius about the Institute. to develop a deeper theoretical understanding of the adaptive immune system, and to identify other Science writer George Musser embarked on a areas of biology ripe for theoretical thinking. new book project about the intersection of physics, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence, realms he Paul A. Hanle is the founder of the Climate explored while at the Institute. Judiciary Project, which he formed to provide the U.S. judiciary with the scientific grounding Sarah Anna Paden worked on a large-scale Scientific American needed for science-based decision-making, ­project exploring the intersections between published “Machine ­particularly where climate science is central to Buddhism in America and experimental music Learning Gets a Bit the proceedings. after World War II. More Humanlike” by Director’s Visitor GEORGE MUSSER in Anna Laqua has been investigating the transfer of Iqbal Riza, Special Adviser to the Secretary-­ May 2019. In the article, early modern knowledge between medicine and General of the United Nations, examined the Musser explores the the theater. The starting point of her research was historical currents and decisions that led to the question of how machines the historical figure John Bulwer (1606–1656), a emergence of Israel and Pakistan as independent could learn simplified forms of creativity and London physician and Baconian who had a special states, and the political course of each in their common sense, among interest in theater culture. internal governance and foreign relations. other human traits.

51 OUTREACH IAS/PARK CITY MATHEMATICS INSTITUTE ALL PHOTOS DAVID TITENSOR DAVID ALL PHOTOS

The theme of the 2019 IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute program was “Quantum Field Theory and Manifold Invariants.” Lecture topics included low-dimensional topology (knots, three-manifold topology), and the geometric aspects of gauge theory in mathematical physics.

The IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute (PCMI) is an annual summer program held in Park City, Utah. Its intensive program incorporates activities for groups across the mathematical community, from researchers and graduate students to K–12 teachers. The program aims to promote academic excellence within each of these groups, and to promote communication between them. Founded in 1991, PCMI has been an outreach program of the IAS since 1994. It is currently funded by major grants from the National Science Foundation, the Simons Foundation, and Math for America, as well as a number of generous gifts from individuals and private foundations. Rafe Mazzeo (Stanford University) serves as PCMI Director, while Dena Vigil, a long-time program administrator, this year took on the role of Program Manager. PCMI consists of six parallel subprograms, with the more advanced subprograms focusing on a specific research theme that changes annually. These include a program for researchers and a closely aligned program for graduate students. The graduate program centers on eight mini-courses given by leading experts in that year’s research theme. These are attended by the eighty graduate student participants, as well as many of the researchers (up to sixty participate in the program) and the more advanced undergraduate students. PCMI’s forty-five undergraduate students participate in a program consisting of two parallel lecture courses on topics pertaining to the theme, as well as an “experimental math lab” that brings participants together to work on open-ended problems. There is also a fifteen-person undergraduate faculty program geared toward faculty—often from undergraduate-only institutions­ ­ —who are drawn to PCMI as a way to reconnect with the research community and rekindle their research programs. The last undergraduate program is a ten-person workshop on issues related to equity and inclusion in the mathematics profession and classroom. Lastly, PCMI features a large and widely known professional development opportunity for middle and high school teachers. Approximately half of the subprogram’s sixty participants come from the New York–based Math for America program, while the rest come from school districts across the country. These teachers work on intricate problems and challenges to consolidate their mathematical knowledge and rediscover the challenges of learning rather than teaching mathematics; another part of their day is spent on reflecting on best pedagogical practices. Well over three hundred participants attend PCMI each year, and an important goal of the program is to help these ­participants interact with one another. The relaxed and informal setting allows for the formation of new collaborations, mentoring relationships, and other associations. Interaction is encouraged through formal and informal social events, as well as through daily cross-program events and lectures. In 2019, cross-program activities included talks and presentations on virtual reality and ­mathematical imagination, quantum computation, the mathematics of square-dancing, and panel discussions on equity issues and career arcs for young researchers. The theme of the 2019 summer program, “Quantum Field Theory and Manifold Invariants,” was organized by Dan Freed (one of PCMI’s founders, with Karen Uhlenbeck (Visiting Professor, IAS) and Herb Clemons), Sergei Gukov, Ciprian Manolescu, Constantin Teleman, and Ulrike Tillman. The two undergraduate summer school lecture series were delivered by Dan Mathews and Jessica Purcell, and Lara Anderson and Laura Fredrickson. Lecturers for the undergraduate faculty program were John Etnyre and Paul Melvin. Rochelle Gutierrez organized the Workshop on Equity and Mathematics Education. The research theme for 2020 is “Number Theory Informed by Computation,” and will be organized by Jennifer Balakrishnan, Kristin Lauter, Bjorn Poonen, and Akshay Venkatesh (Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professor, IAS).

52 PROGRAM FOR WOMEN AND MATHEMATICS ALL PHOTOS ANDREA KANE ALL PHOTOS

The twenty-sixth annual IAS Women and Mathematics Program focused on topics in geometric analysis. Panagiota Daskalopoulos (left) delivered the Uhlenbeck Lectures, and Tatiana Toro (right) delivered the Terng Lectures. Watch videos from the program at www.ias.edu/wam2019.

The twenty-sixth annual Women and Mathematics (WAM) Program, “Topics in Geometric Analysis,” was held May 18–24, 2019, at the Institute for Advanced Study. Program activities were sponsored by IAS, Princeton University, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and a grant from Lisa Simonyi. Program organizers were Dusa McDuff (Barnard College), Margaret Readdy (University of Kentucky), Sun-Yung Alice Chang (Princeton University), and Michelle Huguenin (IAS). The 2019 program marked the second installment of the Terng and Uhlenbeck Lectures, named in honor of Women and Mathematics cofounders Karen Uhlenbeck (Visiting Professor, IAS) and Chuu-Lian Terng. Terng Lecturer Tatiana Toro ­(University of Washington) delivered four lectures on “Uniform Rectifiability via Perimeter Minimization,” and Uhlenbeck Lecturer Panagiota Daskalopoulos (Columbia University) delivered four lectures on “Ancient Solutions to Geometric Flows.” IAS Members Zihui Zhao and Robin Neumayer served as teaching assistants. The program included nineteen undergraduates, twenty­- three graduates, and eleven postdoctoral, faculty, and industrial mathematicians from over forty universities and organizations. The program began on May 18 with an icebreaker and tour of the Princeton University Graduate College. On May 19, Zhao and Lu Wang (von Neumann Fellow, IAS) led the Terng and Uhlenbeck course previews. Participants Allegra Allgeier, Maxine Calle, Julia Costacurta, Hindy Drillick, Aisha Mercery, Rebecca Rechkin, and Cheng Yang assisted Margaret Readdy with an outreach program titled “Math Carnival with the Institute for Advanced Study” at the Princeton Public Library. Over 120 children and teens attended the event, which included math and magic, knot theory, and soap bubble activities. The Women-in-Science Seminar began with three talks, on tips for writing National Science Foundation grant proposals (Michelle Manes, NSF), on the gender pay gap (Michelle Issadore, NCHERM), and on professional courtesy (Evelyn Grammar). The Women-in-Science Seminar series continued on May 20 with a career panel featuring Kirsten Lum (Johnson & Johnson), Michelle Manes, Rasha Abadir (Sayreville War Memorial High School) and Alina Bucur (von Neumman Fellow, IAS), moderated by Readdy. The graduate/postdoc research seminar, organized by Rosa Fuster Aguilera and Rong Tang, included talks by Betul Orcan-Ekmekci, Paula Burkhardt-Guim, Raquel Perales, Alice Lim, Lisa Naples, and Liangbing Luo. The next day, participants watched a live broadcast of Karen Uhlenbeck receiving the 2019 Abel Prize, honoring her pioneering work in mathematics, from King Harald V in Norway. Later, Michelle Issadore ran a “#MeToo” lunch seminar on sexual harassment in the workplace and related federal protections. Daniela De Silva gave a colloquium that evening. On May 22, participants visited Princeton University to hear faculty Casey Kelleher, Otis Chodosh (Veblen Research Instructor, IAS), and Fernando Coda Marques (Distinguished Visiting Professor, IAS). Sigurd Angenent gave a computer workshop lecture on Python, assisted by Princeton graduate student Linda Cook. The day was punctuated with many opportunities for the partici­ pants to meet Princeton faculty during a lunch, tea, and dinner hosted by the university’s mathematics department. Thanks to a generous grant from Lisa Simonyi, the WAM Ambassador Program concluded its second year of building support and outreach networks across the country. The Ambassador Program funds up to three postdoctoral or advanced graduate ­ambassadorships and up to six graduate ambassadors per year. Funded activities for 2018–2019 included a one-on-one graduate/ undergraduate mentoring program, career panels, a public talk on challenges faced by African-American women pursuing higher education in STEM, a Wikipedia edit-a-thon to edit and write women mathematician biographies, and regional and state-wide conferences. Participants listened to one representative from each funded group and were able to ask questions about organizing similar activities in their own region.

53 PROSPECTS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS

Prospects in Theoretical Physics (PiTP) is an intensive two-week summer program geared specifically tograduate ­ students and postdoctoral scholars. First held at the Institute in 2002, PiTP has covered topics ranging from cosmology to the Large Hadron Collider, to string theory, to computation and biology, to insights into quantum matter, and to ­computational plasma astrophysics. “Great Problems in Biology for Physicists” was the theme of PiTP 2019, which was held July 15–26, 2019, on the Insti­ tute campus. The program was organized with collaboration and generous support from the Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group, and with further support from the National Science Founda­ tion’s Cancer Convergence Education Network grant. Registration for the 2019 program included a core group of sixty participants, who attended the full program, augmented by another group of twenty-five participants from area institu­ tions (Princeton University, Columbia University, Mount Sinai, New York University, and Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey), who attended multiple lectures and discussions on particular topics. Graduate and postdoctoral programs of forty-six institutions were represented, and over half of the registrants came from outside of the United States, representing twenty-two different countries. More than twenty percent of participants were women. The backgrounds of the participants ranged from quantum physics to theoretical biochemistry, to systems and computational biology, to immunology. Over forty percent of the participants were postdoctoral researchers. “Great Problems in Biology for Physicists” provided an oppor­ tunity for participants to meet and interact with senior lecturers from many different research and academic institutions. Over the two weeks of the program, twenty-eight lecturers gave talks (generally ninety minutes in length). Beginning with lec­tures designed to build background on the genome, molecular, and evolutionary biology, the program continued with lectures addressing cancer-related aspects of several topics, including virology, immunology, aging, epigenetics, and machine learn­ ing, as well as some non-cancer-specific subjects. The structure of the lectures provided participants with unparalleled access to top scientists in their fields, as participants were encouraged to ask questions and engage in follow-up discussions. Each day had a central theme and, on average, three lectures. Open blocks of time for discussion, following the afternoon tea break, enabled the program’s organizers and lecturers to create targeted ­discussion and working groups based on the lectures and the main questions of the day. Evening activities included discussion of career issues of general interest to both graduate students and ALL PHOTOS DAN KOMODA DAN ALL PHOTOS postdocs (led by one of the senior lecturers), open workshops PiTP 2019, “Great Problems in Biology for Physicists,” covered topics ranging on problem sets, and informal discussions over dinner on topics from virology, cancer, and immunology to machine learning and neural ranging from the day’s lectures to research papers and projects, networks. ARNOLD J. LEVINE (top, center) spoke on “Cancer Origins and and more specific career advice, as well as time for Convergence Overview,” and Raúl Rabadán (middle) spoke on “Some Quantitative Problems in Evolution and Heterogeneity of Human Cancers.” Watch videos from the team graduate students and postdocs to interact with each other program at www.ias.edu/ideas/videos-pitp-2019. and with the other graduate students and postdocs in attendance.

54 SUMMER PROGRAM IN SOCIAL SCIENCE

Designed to bring together twenty early-career scholars from Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, the Summer Program in Social Science aims to enrich and expand the realm of the social sciences through the confrontation of different intellectual traditions and perspectives; to facilitate and enhance the dialogue between various scientific disciplines and communities; and to strengthen international networks across continents.­ Special attention is paid to local contexts of production and global modalities of circulation of knowledge, and the participants are invited to exchange their research experiences with their constraints, challenges,­ and expectations. Organized by the School of Social Science and ­developed by Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Profes­ sor, the program is conducted in collaboration with the Wits Institute for Social and Economic Research at the The 2019 Summer Program in Social Science, developed by DIDIER FASSIN (far left), convened twenty early-career scholars from Africa, the Middle East, and University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, and the Latin America, with disciplines in history, anthropology, sociology, geography, Escuela de Estudios de Género and Centro de Estudios at economics, law, political science, and literary studies. the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá. Funded by the Mellon Foundation, it is composed of three two-year cycles. The first cycle started in June 2018, with a two-week session at the Institute, and was further developed in May and June 2019 via one-week workshops at the two collaborating institutions in South Africa and Colombia. A three-year pilot initiative organized by the Institute in collaboration with the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris and the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in Uppsala took place from 2015 to 2017. The scholars invited to participate in the current cycle have gone through a selection process. Their disciplines are history, anthro­ pology, sociology, geography, economics, law, political science, and literary studies. Their research topics include the care of disabled persons in Brazil, the discourse on indigenous people in Argentina, the transportation infra­ structure in Colombia, the resistance to extractive industries in Latin America, the everyday life under an authoritarian regime in Angola, the violence of mafias in Nigeria, the public life of secret societies in Cameroon, the social life of mining communities in Zimbabwe, the experience of Palestinian women imprisoned in Israel, the resilience of the population during the Syrian crisis in ­Lebanon, the Arab uprising seen from the perspective of farmers in Egypt, the ethics and politics of Sufi shrines in Pakistan, and the humanitarian approach to migrant working ­children in Mexico and India. The program has given birth to several “South-South” initiatives, such as a collaborative Participants’ research topics include the care of disabled persons in Brazil, the transportation course between the American University infrastructure in Colombia, the everyday life under an authoritarian regime in Angola, the of Beirut and the University of Johannesburg, public life of secret societies in Cameroon, the experience of Palestinian women imprisoned in Israel, the Arab uprising seen from the perspective of farmers in Egypt, and the humanitarian and a collective panel presented to the Latin approach to migrant working children in Mexico and India. American Studies Association annual meeting.

55 DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP@IAS

Left: The Krateros website, which hosts the digital collections of epigraphic squeezes at IAS Right: Shawn Hill of Fordham University spoke about digital pedagogy tools as part of the Digital Scholarship Conversations series.

Albert: The Institute’s Digital Repository The 2018–2019 academic year was a banner year for the Albert repository project (see https://albert.ias.edu). September 27 Albert is an open access repository, intended to preserve and publish scholarly materials from the Institute’s Digital Scholarship Conversations F The current and former Faculty, Members, Research Associates, and Visitors, as well as to provide modern publish­ Archaeology of Reading: ing resources for born-digital projects, datasets, and collaborative efforts. The repository, which is constantly Building a Digital Research growing, currently boasts over 8,000 items in its collections, and as of this year, serves as the platform hosting Environment F Dr. Jaap the Shelby White and Leon Levy Archives Digital Collections (see https://library.ias.edu/archives), as well as Geraerts, University College London Krateros, the digital collections of epigraphic squeezes at IAS (see https://www.ias.edu/krateros). Beyond those projects, and the growing collection of Faculty publications, this past year Albert was strategi­ December 13 cally linked with major open access platforms, including ORCID.org and ArXiv.org. Plans for the future Digital Scholarship Conversations F Film include a major software upgrade and improvements to the user interface and analytical engine. Screening: Paywall: The Digital Projects Business of Scholarship F Jason Schmitt, Clarkson IAS Faculty and staff continued to support a number of ongoing digital scholarship projects, as well as University beginning to plan for future projects and collaborations. Projects currently underway include: • The Zaydi Manuscript Tradition. Supported by funding from the Carnegie Corporation of New March 1 York, the Charles and Lisa Simonyi Fund for Arts and Sciences, the National Endowment for the Human­ Lunch and Learn Workshops F ORCID and IAS: Connecting ities, the Middle East Center at Penn University, the Gerard B. Lambert Foundation, the Ruth Stanton Researchers and Research F Foundation, and Sherwin Seligsohn (this donation is part of an unrestricted gift to the School of Historical Jeff Berliner, Institute for Studies), and in partnership with the Hill Museum and Manuscript Library, Professor Sabine Schmidtke’s Advanced Study; Sabine Schmidtke, Professor, Zaydi Manuscript Tradition: A Digital Portal continued to grow. It will contain 5,000 manuscripts by the School of Historical Studies; end of 2019, and it is planned that by 2020, some 10,000 to 15,000 manuscripts (mainly from Yemen, but representatives of ORCID also from European and North American libraries and other places in the Middle East) will be uploaded to the repository and the portal (see www.ias.edu/digital-scholarship/zaydi_manuscript_tradition). March 22 Digital Scholarship • Krateros: Squeezes of Greek Inscriptions at the IAS. Supported by funding from Annette Merle Conversations F Fast, Free, Smith and by the Charles and Lisa Simonyi Fund for Arts and Sciences, the effort to digitize the Institute’s and Fun: 3 Great New Digital unique collection of squeezes of ancient Greek inscriptions, led by Angelos Chaniotis, Professor in the School Pedagogy Tools F Shawn Hill, Faculty Technology Services, of Historical Studies, continues. To date, 15,538 squeezes have been scanned, representing about 50% of the Fordham University total collection. Of these, 2,683 have been made available through open access as part of the Albert repository. • A New Business History of Early Modern Tuscany. Francesca Trivellato, Professor in the School of May 7 Historical Studies, continues to develop a tailor-made relational database for the analysis of ca. 5,000 limited part­ Staff Training F How to Use and Work with Albert F María nerships registered in Florence, but operating elsewhere as well, from 1445 to 1808. Currently hosted on a pass­ Mercedes Tuya, Institute word-protected web platform, this resource will eventually be made available through open access. This novel for Advanced Study tool mines an unusually large dataset to address a central issue in business history and the history of Renaissance Florence, namely, the role of social ties versus institutional innovations in the early development of capitalism.

Digital Scholarship Working Group Strategic direction for the Institute’s support of digital scholarship is provided by the Digital Scholarship Working Group, currently comprised of Jeff Berliner, Emma Moore, Marcia Tucker, María Mercedes Tuya, and Sabine Schmidtke. In addition to curating the Digital Scholarship Conversations series (see sidebar), this year the group completed a draft of the Institute’s forthcoming policy on Open Access, expected to be enacted in the coming year.

56 RECORD OF EVENTS

School of Historical Studies October 10 October 22 Near Eastern Studies Seminar F Medinan Verses Art History Seminar F On The Concept of in a Meccan Sura or Exegetical Glosses? The Case of the “Tragic” Image in Byzantine Illustrated September 26 Quran 91 F Tommaso Tesei, Van Leer Manuscripts F Benjamin Anderson, Cornell Modern International Relations Seminar F Jerusalem Institute; Member, School of University; Member, School of Historical Informal Group Discussion Historical Studies Studies

September 27 Modern International Relations Seminar F October 24 Lunchtime Colloquia Series F First Term Informal Group Discussion Modern International Relations Seminar F Introductions F Angelos Chaniotis, Professor, Informal Group Discussion School of Historical Studies October 11 Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Why Gibbon Was October 25 October 1 Wrong; The Case for 472 and the “Fall” of Rome F Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Rameau’s Art History Seminar F First Term Introductions F Michele Salzman, University of California, “Sensationalist Conversion” Revisited F Nathan Yve-Alain Bois, Professor in the School of Riverside; Member, School of Historical Martin, University of Michigan; Member, Historical Studies Studies School of Historical Studies

October 2 October 12 Near Eastern Studies Seminar F A Little Bit More Medieval Studies Seminar F First Term IAS Friends Talk F Uncovering Eighty Years of than Just Bindings F Nuria de Castilla, École Introductions F Patrick J. Geary, Andrew W. Research into the Near and Middle East at the Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris Mellon Professor, School of Historical Studies Institute for Advanced Study F Sabine Schmidtke, Professor, School of Historical October 29 October 3 Studies East Asian Studies Seminar F Reading, Rhyming, Near Eastern Studies Seminar F Reading the and Recursion: Considering the Function of Print in Quran Backwards: Some Hypotheses on a October 15 Fourteenth-Century Japan F Brian Steininger, Seventeenth-Century Manuscript F Pier Mattia East Asian Studies Seminar F Another Monetary Princeton University; Member, School of Tommasino, Columbia University; Member, Economy: A History of Chinese Currencies F Historical Studies School of Historical Studies Akinobu Kuroda, The University of Tokyo; Member, School of Historical Studies October 30 Modern International Relations Seminar F Medieval Studies Seminar F Experiencing Sanctity Informal Group Discussion October 16 and Community in Byzantine North Africa F Ralf Ancient Studies Seminar F Aristotle on Dramatic Bockmann, Deutsches Archäologisches October 4 Katharsis F Pierre Destrée, Seeger Center for Institut, Rome; Member, School of Historical Lunchtime Colloquia Series F The Mao Badge Hellenic Studies, Princeton University Studies Fad: How a State-Supported Consumer Fad Undermined a Revolution F Karl Gerth, October 17 October 31 University of California, San Diego; Member, Art History Public Seminar F The Unbearable Near Eastern Studies Seminar F Making the Self: School of Historical Studies Lightness of Whiteness: Racism and Medievalism Death and Individuality in Early Modern Ottoman in the Architecture of Prewar Los Angeles F Alison Society F Nükhet Varlık, Rutgers University in Early Modern Europe Seminar F The Medieval/ Perchuk, The California State University, Newark and New Jersey Institute of Early Modern Divide along the Franco-Spanish Channel Islands; Member, School of Historical Technology; Member, School of Historical Border F Francesca Trivellato, Professor, Studies Studies School of Historical Studies Near Eastern Studies Seminar F Shi’izing Iran— Modern International Relations Seminar F October 8 with Sunni Occult Science F Matthew Informal Group Discussion Art History Seminar F On Duccio’s Maesta F Melvin-Koushki, University of South Eric Palazzo, Université de Poitiers; Member, Carolina; Visitor, School of Historical Studies November 1 School of Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Historical Reading Modern International Relations Seminar F Practices and the Limitations of Evidence F Earle Brown Bag Lunch Series, Department and Informal Group Discussion Havens, Johns Hopkins University; Member, Program in Near Eastern Studies, Princeton School of Historical Studies University F Qadi Ja’far and the Revival of Zaydi October 18 Islam in Sixth/Twelfth-Century Yemen F Scott Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Landscapes of St. Early Modern Europe Seminar F Catalunya and Lucas, The University of Arizona; Member, Gregory: Topography and Hagiography in Medieval Beyond: Sex and Priestly Masculinities in Late School of Historical Studies Central Italy F Alison Perchuk, The California Medieval Europe F Michelle Armstrong- State University, Channel Islands; Member, Partida, The University of Texas at El Paso; October 9 School of Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies Ancient Studies Seminar F Many Funny Things Happened on the Way to the Forum: Graffiti from Early Modern Europe Seminar F Shared Burdens: November 5 the City Park of Aphrodisias F Angelos Mutuality, Governance Constructs, and Third-Party Art History Seminar F On The Evolution of Chaniotis, Professor, School of Historical Enforcement in Early Modern Europe; The Case of Church Buildings in the Byzantine North F Ralf Studies General Averages in the Netherlands (Sixteenth and Bockmann, Deutsches Archäologisches Seventeenth Centuries) F Sabine Go, Vrije Institut, Rome; Member, School of Historical Universiteit Amsterdam; Member, School of Studies Historical Studies

57 East Asian Studies Seminar F Buddhism and the November 20 December 6 Chinese Discovery of Religion F Stephen R. Medieval Studies Seminar F Workshop on Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Heraclius’s War Bokenkamp, Arizona State University; Genealogical Images F Hans Hummer, Wayne Propaganda and the Quran’s Promise of Reward for Member, School of Historical Studies State University; Member, School of Historical Dying in Battle F Tommaso Tesei, Van Leer Studies Jerusalem Institute; Member, School of November 6 Historical Studies Near Eastern Studies Seminar F How Many Laws November 26 Are in the Quran? Answers from Zaydi Yemen F Art History Seminar F On Freud’s Misreading Early Modern Europe Seminar F Reading the Scott Lucas, The University of Arizona; of Leonardo’s Ego F Johannes Endres, Quran Backwards: Orientalism, Science, and Member, School of Historical Studies University of California, Riverside Philology in Seventeenth-Century Florence F Pier Mattia Tommasino, Columbia University; November 7 November 29 Member, School of Historical Studies Modern International Relations Seminar F Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Empire, Ecology, Informal Group Discussion and Plague: Rethinking the Second Pandemic (ca. December 6–7 1340s–ca. 1840s) F Nükhet Varlık, Rutgers Shii Studies Research Program Conference: November 8 University in Newark and New Jersey Institute Yemeni Manuscript Collections and Zaydi Lunchtime Colloquia Series F The Protection of of Technology; Member, School of Historical Studies F Opening Remarks F Hassan Socialist Property under Stalin: The Voices of Studies Farhang Ansari, Long-term Member, School “Thieves” F Juliette Cadiot, École des Hautes of Historical Studies; Sabine Schmidtke, Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris; Member, Early Modern Europe Seminar F Reading Professor, School of Historical Studies F The School of Historical Studies Readers Writing about Reading: The Information Origins of the Adhān: Reports from the Family of Cultures of John Dee and Gabriel Harvey F Earle ‘A l ī ī F Nebil A. Husayn, University of Seminar (in cooperation with Princeton Havens, Johns Hopkins University; Member, Miami F Abraham and the Search for Charisma and University) F The Arid Negev Highlands (Southern School of Historical Studies Legitimacy in Zaydī Discourses F Maher Jarrar, Israel) in the Iron Age: The Impact of the Exact and American University of Beirut F Al-Imām al- Life Sciences F Israel Finkelstein, Tel Aviv December 3 Rassī’s Theory of the Imamate F Rodrigo Adem, University Art History Seminar F On “Metapainting” in El Colegio de México F New Sources for the Byzantium and Trecento Italy F Giulia Puma, History of Zaydism in Iran F Hassan Farhang November 9 Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Université Ansari, Long-term Member, School of Lecture F Jerusalem in Biblical Times (ca. 1350– Côte d’Azur; Maria Alessia Rossi, Princeton Historical Studies F New Zaydi Manuscripts in 100 B.C.E.): Comments on Archaeology and University Berlin and Their Traces of Ownership F Christoph History F Pierre Destrée, Seeger Center for Rauch, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin–Preussischer Hellenic Studies, Princeton University; Israel East Asian Studies Seminar F Rethinking Japanese Kulturbesitz F Towards a History of Libraries in Finkelstein, Tel Aviv University Imperialism, 1930s–1970s: Lessons from Imperial Yemen F Sabine Schmidtke, Professor, and Post-imperial Japan F Louise Young, School of Historical Studies F Their Hands before Medieval Studies Seminar F The Old University of Wisconsin–Madison; Member, Our Eyes: Strategies of Mise en Texte in Yemeni English Genesis, the Cotton Genesis, and the School of Historical Studies Manuscripts F Valentina Sagaria-Rossi, Touronian Bibles F Seiichi Suzuki, Kansai Biblioteca dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei Gaidai University; Member, School of December 4 e Corsiniana, Rome F A Tiny and Forgotten Historical Studies Ancient Studies Seminar F Auditory Culture, Library of Zaydi Manuscripts F Anne Regourd, Music, and Rhetoric in Dionysius of Halicarnassus F Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, November 12 Sean Gurd, University of Missouri– UMR 7192, Associée, Paris F Arguing over the East Asian Studies Seminar F 仁：The Question Columbia; Member, School of Historical Boundaries of the Interpretive Community in al- of the One and the Many in Historical Analysis F Studies Mujzi fi Usul al-Fiqh F Devin J. Stewart, Lydia Liu, Columbia University; Member, Emory University F Islamic Theology in Thirty School of Historical Studies The Historical Studies–Social Science Library Topics: A Yemeni-Zaydi Tradition Preserved in the Book Conversation F Salvaging the Zaydi Biblioteca Ambrosiana F Scott Lucas, The November 13 Manuscript Tradition: The Fate of Private and University of Arizona; Member, School of Ancient Studies Seminar F The Organization of Family Libraries in Twentieth-Century Yemen F Historical Studies F Ḥumayd b. Ahmad al- the Construction Industry in Classical Athens F Sabine Schmidtke, Professor, School of Muḥallī’s Framing of Theology in al-Kawākib Cristina Carusi, The University of Texas at Historical Studies al-durriyya F Jan Thiele, Consejo Superior de Austin; Member, School of Historical Studies Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid F A Medieval Studies Seminar F Cosmin Alin Contribution to the Question: Was Ibn al-Wazīr the November 14 Popa-Gorjanu, University of Alba Iulia; Founder of a School that Set off the “Sunnisation of Modern International Relations Seminar F Member, School of Historical Studies Zaydism”? Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Wazīr (d. Informal Group Discussion 840/1436) and Sālih b. Mahdī al-Maqbalī (d. 1108 December 5 /1696) on Theological and Legal Diversity F November 15 Near Eastern Studies Seminar F Reading and Damaris Wilmers, National Records and Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Great Refinement: Arabic Conduct Pedagogy, Archives Authority, Muscat, Oman F Imam al- Expectations: Genealogy, History, and Eschatology in 1870s–1920s F Marilyn Booth, University of Qasim b. Muhammad’s (d. 1029) Polemical Response the European Middle Ages F Hans Hummer, Oxford; Member, School of Historical Studies to a Sufi Attack (K. Half anf al-afik fi jawabihi ‘ala Wayne State University; Member, School of al-Kamil al-mutadarik) F Bernard Haykel, Historical Studies Modern International Relations Seminar F Princeton University F Interpretive and Governing Informal Group Discussion Authority in the Zaydi imāma F Brinkley M. Early Modern Europe Seminar F Hernando Messick, Columbia University F Qasimi Colón’s Cosmography F Seth Kimmel, Yemen, a View from the Red Sea Coast F Nancy Columbia University; Member, School of Um, Binghamton University, The State Historical Studies University of New York F Shifting Positions on the Hādawī Family Waqf: Yemeni Zaydī Fiqh,

58 F December 18 January 31 Polemics, and Decrees since al-Hādī until Today Eirik Hovden, University of Bergen, Medieval Studies Seminar F The Concept of Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Melkite Christians F Energy in Liturgy and Art F Eric Palazzo, between Byzantium, Muslims, and Crusaders F Norway Zaydī Arguments against Muḥammad b. Université de Poitiers; Member, School of Johannes Pahlitzsch, Johannes Gutenberg- ‘Alī al-Shawkānī’s Fatwa on the Worldly Judgment of Historical Studies Universität Mainz; Member, School of Jewish Orphans and the Legitimacy of the Late Historical Studies Qāsimī Imamate F Kerstin Hünefeld, Freie Universität Berlin and Herbert D. Katz Center December 19 for Advanced Judaic Studies, University of Modern International Relations Seminar F Early Modern Europe Seminar F Marketing and F Informal Group Discussion Social Structure in Premodern Xinjiang (East Pennsylvania Borders in Arabia: Hijazi F Turkestan) F Eric Schluessel, University of Responses to Zaydi Politics and Doctrine Zacky Khairul Umam, Freie Universität Berlin and December 20 Montana; Member, School of Historical Studies Johns Hopkins University Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Death from Laughter, Female Hysteria, and Early Cinema F February 5 December 10 Maggie Hennefeld, University of Minnesota, Ancient Studies Seminar F The Sound of Greek Art History Seminar F On Marble Bust Portraits Twin Cities; Member, School of Historical Religion F Angelos Chaniotis, Professor, of the Renaissance F Jeanette Kohl, University Studies School of Historical Studies of California, Riverside; Member, School of Historical Studies January 17 Medieval Studies Seminar F Noa Turel, Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Second Term University of Alabama at Birmingham; East Asian Studies Seminar F Illustrating Introductions F Angelos Chaniotis, Professor, Member, School of Historical Studies Knowledge: Mundane Reading in Late Ming School of Historical Studies China F Yuming He, University of California, History of Science Lecture Series F Twenty Years Davis; Member, School of Historical Studies Medieval Studies Seminar F Second Term Is a Long Time F Sophia Roosth, Harvard Introductions F Patrick J. Geary, Andrew W. University December 11 Mellon Professor, School of Historical Studies Ancient Studies Seminar F How Rome Survived February 6 the Gothic Wars F Michele Salzman, January 22 Near Eastern Studies Seminar F “Akhbar al- University of California, Riverside; Member, Medieval Studies Seminar F Warren Brown, fakhkh,” a Forged Text for Propaganda Purposes F School of Historical Studies California Institute of Technology; Member, Hassan Farhang Ansari, Long-term School of Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies Art History Lecture Series F The Barbarian Invasions: A Genealogy of the History of Art F Eric January 24 Modern International Relations Seminar F Michaud, Ecole des Hautes Études en Sciences Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Francesco Redi’s Informal Group Discussion Sociales Experiments on the Generation of the Insects (1668)—a New Reading F Pier Mattia February 7 December 12 Tommasino, Columbia University; Member, Lunchtime Colloquia Series F The Affairs of Mr. Near Eastern Studies Seminar F Sultan al- School of Historical Studies Apollonius: Papyrus Documents from Second- Ghawri’s Salons and the Question of Confessional Century C.E. Egypt F Thomas Kruse, Ambiguity at the Mamluk Court F Christian Early Modern Europe Seminar F A Missed Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften; Mauder, Universität Leipzig; Member, School Encounter: Burckhardt and Economic Historians F Member, School of Historical Studies of Historical Studies Francesca Trivellato, Professor, School of Historical Studies Early Modern Europe Seminar F Humanist Modern International Relations Seminar F Republicanism: Toward a New Paradigm F Informal Group Discussion January 28 Gabriele Pedullà, Università degli Studi Art History Seminar F Second Term Roma Tre; Member, School of Historical December 13 Introductions F Yve-Alain Bois, Professor in the Studies Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Orphans of School of Historical Studies History: Religious Minorities in Southern Ireland, February 11 1922–68 F Eugenio Biagini, University of East Asian Studies Seminar F Unending Art History Seminar F On the Iconology Cambridge; Member, School of Historical Capitalism: State Consumerism and the Negation of of Kairos F Barbara Baert, Katholieke Studies the Chinese Socialist Revolution F Karl Gerth, Universiteit Leuven; Member, School of University of California, San Diego; Member, Historical Studies December 17 School of Historical Studies Art History Seminar F Second Report on The East Asian Studies Seminar F Marketing and Concept of the “Tragic” Image in Byzantine January 29 Social Structure in Qing Xinjiang F Eric Illustrated Manuscripts F Benjamin Anderson, Medieval Studies Seminar F Eric Palazzo, Schluessel, University of Montana; Member, Cornell University; Member, School of Université de Poitiers; Member, School of School of Historical Studies Historical Studies Historical Studies February 12 Near Eastern Studies F Project Presentation F January 30 Medieval Studies Seminar F Low-Cost Charters The Intellectual, Social, and Cultural History of the Art History Public Seminar F Hic Est Homo and Micro-politics: Documenting the Political Arab and Islamicate World in Transregional Platonis: Embodied Platonism in Renaissance Art F Everyday between France and the Empire (Twelfth to Perspective, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries F Jeanette Kohl, University of California, Fifteenth Centuries) F Paul Bertrand,Université Christian Mauder, Universität Leipzig; Riverside; Member, School of Historical Catholique de Louvain; Member, School of Member, School of Historical Studies Studies Historical Studies

Modern International Relations Seminar F February 13 Informal Group Discussion Modern International Relations Seminar F Informal Group Discussion

59 February 14 February 28 March 14 Lunchtime Colloquia Series F The Return of the Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Bad Money Does Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Master of Love and Owl: The Renaissance Rediscovery of Athenian Not Drive Out Good Money: Complementarity Food: Fatherhood, Care, and Coercion in Late Democracy F Gabriele Pedullà, Università among Monies in Global History F Akinobu Antique and Early Medieval West F Sylvie Joye, degli Studi Roma Tre; Member, School of Kuroda, The University of Tokyo; Member, Université de Lorraine, Nancy; Member, Historical Studies School of Historical Studies School of Historical Studies

February 19 March 1 March 15 Ancient Studies Seminar F “A Gift to the Art History Lecture Series F Fluidity and Epigraphic Friday F Krateros: The IAS Squeeze Goddess”: Worship, Law, and Economy at the Sedimentation in Rembrandt’s “Christ Carrying the Digitization Project F Aaron Hershkowitz, Sanctuaries of Roman Macedonia F Maria Youni, Cross” F Nicola Suthor, Yale University Institute for Advanced Study F The Evolving Democritus University of Thrace; Member, Format of Building Accounts F Cristina Carusi, School of Historical Studies March 4 The University of Texas at Austin; Member, East Asian Studies Seminar F Considering School of Historical Studies F A New Greek Medieval Studies Seminar F Andronikos II and Citizenship in Imperial Chinese History F Hilde Epigram from Teos and “Theognidea” F Andrej an-Nāṣir Muḥammad: Byzantine-Mamluk Relations De Weerdt, Universiteit Leiden; Member, Petrovic, University of Virginia, with and the Situation of Orthodox Christians under School of Historical Studies Mustafa Adak, Antalya University F Allusions Mamluk Rule at the Beginning of the Fourteenth to Greek Literature in Lycian Verse Inscriptions Century F Johannes Pahlitzsch, Johannes March 5 (CEG 177 and 888) F Brett Evans, University Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Member, School Medieval Studies Seminar F Consent and of Virginia F The Historian Philippos of of Historical Studies Affection: Problems for Medieval People and for Pergamon F Christopher Jones, Harvard Medievalists (Late Antiquity and Early Middle University and Institute for Advanced Study F February 20 Ages) F Sylvie Joye, Université de Lorraine, Ἀναγκαιότατος καιρός: The Greek Concept of Modern International Relations Seminar F Nancy; Member, School of Historical Studies “Crisis” F Angelos Chaniotis, Professor, Informal Group Discussion School of Historical Studies F Aemilius Paulus History of Science Lecture Series F Robocon Is and Roman Politics in Greece: Notes on an February 21 Zazen: Psychology and Buddhism in Mori Inscription from Gonnoi F Maria Youni, Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Alas! Masahiro’s Robotics F Yulia Frumer, Johns Democritus University of Thrace; Member, Commemoration of the Dead in Roman Palmyra F Hopkins University School of Historical Stuides F The Honorific Rubina Raja, Aarhus University; Member, Decree for Karzoazos from Olbia F Emyr Dakin, School of Historical Studies March 6 The Graduate Center, The City University of Modern International Relations Seminar F New York F A New Epitaph from Aphrodisias F Early Modern Europe Seminar F Sites of Informal Group Discussion Giorgos Tsolakis, Institute for the Study of Antiquarianism: Between Seville and San Lorenzo F the Ancient World, New York University F Seth Kimmel, Columbia University; Member, March 7 A Hydreion for the Erythraean Sibyl—a New School of Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Al-Makin’s Reading of IK Erythrai II 225 F Saskia Metamorphoses between Mamluk Egypt and Early Kerschbaum, Ludwig-Maximilians- February 25 Modern Europe F Martino Diez, Università Universität München F Stranded in Lycia: A Vow East Asian Studies Seminar F Twisted and Reeled: Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan; Member, for Neptune F Sophia Bönisch-Meyer, Silk in the Premodern World—a Comparison School of Historical Studies Kommission für Alte Geschichte und between China and Italy F Dagmar Schaefer, Epigraphik F Inscriptions from Jerash F Rubina Max-Planck-Institut für Early Modern Europe Seminar F Popular Politics Raja, Aarhus University; Member, School of Wissenschaftsgeschichte; Member, School of in Early Modern Venice: The Arsenalotti’s Protest of Historical Studies F A New Greek Inscription from Historical Studies 1569 F Maartje van Gelder, University of South Arabia F Glen W. Bowersock, Professor Amsterdam; Member, School of Historical Emeritus, School of Historical Studies February 26 Studies Medieval Studies Seminar F More than Just Sex: March 19 Concubinous Unions in the Late Medieval March 11 Ancient Studies Seminar F Priests in Roman Mediterranean F Michelle Armstrong- Art History Seminar F On the Concept of Energy Palmyra F Rubina Raja, Aarhus University; Partida, The University of Texas at El Paso; in Medieval Art F Eric Palazzo, Université de Member, School of Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies Poitiers; Member, School of Historical Studies March 21 History of Science Lecture Series F After Math: March 12 Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Easter 1475: A Reasoning, Proving, and Computing in the Postwar Medieval Studies Seminar F Ecclesiastical Bloodbath, a Boy, and a Bust F Jeanette Kohl, United States F Stephanie A. Dick, University Architecture in Byzantine North Africa— University of California, Riverside; Member, of Pennsylvania Community, Liturgy, Veneration of Saints F Ralf School of Historical Studies Bockmann, Deutsches Archäologisches February 27 Institut , Rome; Member, School of Historical March 26 Near Eastern Studies Seminar F Alexander’s Gate Studies Ancient Studies Seminar F The Archive of the against Gog and Magog and the Sixth-Century Strategos Apollonios and Some Peculiar Features of Byzantine-Sasanian Wars F Tommaso Tesei, March 13 Letter Writing in Roman Egypt F Thomas Van Leer Jerusalem Institute; Member, School Art History Public Seminar F Matrix as Kruse, Österreichische Akademie der of Historical Studies Ornament: The Medieval Afterlife of Intaglios Wissenschaften; Member, School of Historical and the Retrospection of Function F Catherine Studies Modern International Relations Seminar F Fernandez, Princeton University Informal Group Discussion Medieval Studies Seminar F Cosmin Alin Popa-Gorjanu, University of Alba Iulia; Member, School of Historical Studies

60 March 27 College F William Taubman, Amherst April 24 Modern International Relations Seminar F College F Amir Weiner, Stanford University F Art History Lecture Series F Moroni’s Gray Informal Group Discussion Valery T. Youngblood, Vyatka State Grounds F David Young Kim, University of University, Kirov Pennsylvania March 28 Lunchtime Colloquia Series F “Your Rulers Are April 8 April 25 Slaves, the Sons of Unbelievers”: Genealogical East Asian Studies Seminar F Chinese Theories of Early Modern Europe Seminar F Land and Competition in the Eastern Mediterranean of the Literary Creativity F Wendy Swartz, Rutgers, Conversion: New Frameworks for Colonial American Sixteenth Century F Christian Mauder, The State University of New Jersey Hymnody F Glenda Goodman, University of Universität Leipzig; Member, School of Pennsylvania; Member, School of Historical Historical Studies April 9 Studies Ancient Studies Seminar F Plutarch and the March 29 Periclean Erga F Cristina Carusi, The May 10–11 Art History Lecture Series F Titian’s Bride University of Texas at Austin; Member, School Near Eastern Studies Workshop: Scribal Habits Stripped Bare F Maria Loh, City University of of Historical Studies in Middle Eastern Manuscripts Workshop F New York Opening Remarks F Sabine Schmidtke, Medieval Studies Seminar F Landscape Sanctified: Professor, School of Historical Studies, and April 1 Topographic Miracles and Monasticism in Medieval George A. Kiraz, Senior Research Associate, East Asian Studies Seminar F Lawmaking in Italy; Two Case Studies from the “Dialogues” of School of Historical Studies F Connecting the China: From the End of the Cultural Revolution to Gregory the Great F Alison Perchuk, The Dots: Using Diaeresis as a Source of Information the Present F Ji Li, Rutgers Law School; California State University, Channel Islands; about Scribal Practices in Greek Papyri in Sixth- Member, School of Social Science Member, School of Historical Studies Century Egypt F Elizabeth Buchanan, University of Findlay, Ohio F Direct Copies as April 2 April 10 Test Cases in the Quest for Scribal Habits F Alan History of Science Lecture Series F Race by Near Eastern Studies Seminar F Al-Andalus and Taylor Farnes, Brigham Young University F Numbers: Statistics and Race in Interwar British Reconquista in Current Spanish Political and The Niqqud in Medieval Judeo-Greek Manuscripts: India F Projit Bihari Mukharji, University of Academic Context F Alejandro García- Research Expectations vs. Scribal Practice F Julia Pennsylvania Sanjuán, Universidad de Huelva; Member, G. Krivoruchko, University of Cambridge F School of Historical Studies The Second-Hand Scribe: A Unique Tosefta April 3 Fragment from the Levant, Its Intellectual Near Eastern Studies Seminar F Melkites under Modern International Relations Seminar F Environment, and Its Influence F Binyamin the Rule of Sultan an-Nāṣir Muḥammad and an- Informal Group Discussion Katzoff, Bar-Ilan University F Scribes and Their Nuwayrī’s Account of the Fire of Cairo in 721/1321 F Habits in Eighth-Century Syria F Jonathan Johannes Pahlitzsch, Johannes Gutenberg- April 11 Loopstra, University of Northwestern–St. Universität Mainz; Member, School of Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Imagining Paul F Organizing 1 Clement in Syriac and Coptic: Historical Studies Machines, Reimagining Europe in the World, 1300– Text Dividers in University Library Cambridge Add. 1600 F Noa Turel, University of Alabama at MSS 1700, Berlin Staatsbibliothek Ms. or. fol. Modern International Relations Seminar F Birmingham; Member, School of Historical 3065, and Strasbourg Université copte 362–385 F Informal Group Discussion Studies Dan Batovici, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven F Scribes and the Book of April 4 Early Modern Europe Seminar F Orientalism, Revelation in Eastern New Testaments F T. C. Lunchtime Colloquia Series F The Color of Moral Science, and Linguistics in Seventeenth-Century Schmidt, Yale University F “We Are the Sum of Thought: How Self-Determination Was Written into Florence: Chapter 1, Reading the Quran Our Habits”: Aggregate Scribal Habits of Whole Human Rights F Lydia Liu, Columbia Backwards F Pier Mattia Tommasino, Bible Manuscripts F Michael Dormandy, University; Member, School of Historical Columbia University; Member, School of University of Cambridge F Scribal Practice in Studies Historical Studies Arabic Literary Papyri F Ursula Bsees, University of Cambridge F Manuscripts of Arabic Early Modern Europe Seminar F Europa Virgo, April 16 Popular Epics and Sīrat Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan F the Indies, and an Early Modern Family Romance F History of Science Lecture Series F The Restless Scholarly Practices in Twelfth-Century Kashan: Fadl Carina Johnson, Pitzer College; Member, Machinery of Life F Jessica Riskin, Stanford Allah al-Rawandi and His Role in the Transmission School of Historical Studies University of al-Sharif al-Murtada’s Ghurar al-fawa’id F Sabine Schmidtke, Professor, School of April 4–5 April 23–24 Historical Studies, and Hassan Farhang S. T. Lee Public Lecture F Stalin at War F Muslims & Manuscripts F April 23, Princeton Ansari, Long-term Member, School of Stephen Kotkin, Princeton University F S. T. University FThe Message and the Messengers F Historical Studies F Zuzana Gažáková, Lee Workshop F Informal Discussion on the Topic Tehseen Thaver, Princeton University F Comenius University in Bratislava F Presentation of the Lecture F Jonathan Haslam, George F. April 24, Institute for Advanced Study F The of Projects F Tommaso Tesei, Van Leer Kennan Professor, School of Historical Studies F Praiseworthy One, a Book Talk with Author Jerusalem Institute; Member, School of John Barber, University of Cambridge F Christiane Gruber F Christiane Gruber, Historical Studies F George A. Kiraz, Senior Stephen Kotkin, Princeton University F University of Michigan Research Associate, School of Historical Hiroaki Kuromiya, Indiana University F Studies F Manuscript Production and Scribal Work- Charles S. Maier, Harvard University F April 23 Rate in Fifteenth-Century Iran F Mihan Shiva, Marie Mendras, School of International Medieval Studies Seminar F King Lists and Harvard Art Museums F Inscribing Authority on Affairs, Sciences Po and Centre National de la Genealogy F Hans Hummer, Wayne State the Books of Jurisprudence: Fatwās, Scribes, and Recherche Scientifique, Paris F Rachel University; Member, School of Historical Chief Jurisprudents in the Early Modern Ottoman Polonsky, University of Cambridge F Silvio Studies Empire, Fifteenth–Eighteenth Centuries F H. Pons, Scuola Normale Superiore, Rome F Evren Sünnetçioğlu, Central European Edward A. Rees, University of University Birmingham F Jane Taubman, Amherst

61 May 14 K-Theory, Combinatorial K-Theory, and Geometry F September 27 Medieval Studies Seminar F Of Parchment and Inna Zakharevich, Cornell University F On Venkatesh Working Group Pollen: Tracing Agricultural, Economic, and the Proof of the Conservativity Conjecture F Joseph Environmental Change in the Paleoecological and Ayoub, Universität Zürich F Perverse Schobers Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Historical Records of Medieval Italy F Ned and Semi-orthogonal Decompositions F Mikhail Theory Seminar F Towards a p-adic Deligne- Schoolman, University of Nevada, Reno; Kapranov, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Lusztig Theory F Charlotte Chan, Princeton Visitor, School of Historical Studies Mathematics of the Universe, University of University Tokyo; Visiting Professor, School of Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory May 30–31 Mathematics Medievalist Renunion: Discussion of Past, September 28 Current, and Future Projects F Patrick J. September 20 Allen-Cahn/Ginzburg-Landau Reading Group Geary, Andrew W. Mellon Professor, School of Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Reception to Honor Akshay Venkatesh Historical Studies F Robert Bartlett, Theory Seminar F Eisenstein Ideal with Squarefree University of St. Andrews F Ottó S. Gecser, Level F Preston Wake, Member, School of Short talks by Postdoctoral Members F Eötvös Loránd University F Sara McDougall, Mathematics Renormalized Volume for Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds F City University of New York F Edward M. Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory Franco E. Vargas Pallete, Member, School Schoolman, University of Nevada, Reno F of Mathematics F What I Learned about Vlada Stankovic, University of Belgrade F September 24 Pseudoholomorphic Quilts in the IAS Cafeteria (But Andrea Sterk, University of Minnesota F Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Not at the Math Table) F Nathaniel Bottman, Vincent Debiais, École des Hautes Études en Seminar I F Four and a Half Proofs of a Product- Member, School of Mathematics F Logarithmic Sciences Sociales, Paris Measure Version of the Erdös-Ko-Rado Theorem F Riemann-Hilbert Correspondences F Clemens Ehud Friedgut, Weizmann Institute of Koppensteiner, Member, School of Science Mathematics F Minimal Surfaces and Geometry of School of Mathematics the Space of Cycles F Yevgeny Liokumovich, September 25 Member, School of Mathematics F Minimal Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Surfaces and Geometry of the Space of Cycles F September 11 Extremal Eigenvalue Problems and Free Boundary Yevgeny Liokumovich, Massachusetts Vladimir Voevodsky Memorial Conference F Minimal Surfaces in the Ball F Ailana Fraser, Institute of Technology; Member, School of The Mathematical Work of Vladimir Voevodsky F The University of British Columbia; Member, Mathematics F Monodromy Representations and Dan Grayson, University of Illinois at School of Mathematics Arithmetic F Daniel Litt, Member, School of Urbana-Champaign F What Do We Mean by Mathematics “Equal” F Pierre Deligne, Professor Emeritus, Short talks by Postdoctoral Members F Caustics 1 School of Mathematics F A -Algebraic Topology: of Fronts and the Arborealization Conjecture F October 1 Genesis, Youth, and Beyond F Fabien Morel, Daniel Alvarez-Gavela, Member, School of Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Mathematisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians- Mathematics F The Min-Max Width of Unit Seminar I F Oracle Separation of Quantum Universität München F On Voevodsky’s Volume Three-Spheres F Lucas Coelho Polynomial Time and the Polynomial Hierarchy F Univalence Principle F André Joyal, Université Ambrozio, Member, School of Mathematics F Avishay Tal, University of California, du Québec à Montréal Invertible Objects in Chromatic Homotopy Theory F Berkeley Irina Bobkova, Member, School of September 12 Mathematics F Min-Max Construction for Constant Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Vladimir Voevodsky Memorial Conference F Mean Curvature Surfaces F Xin Zhou, University Structured Learning with Parsimony in Measurements Galois, Grothendieck, and Voevodsky F George of California, Santa Barbara; Member, School of and Computations: Theory, Algorithms, and Shabat, Russian State University for the Mathematics F Analyticity Results for the Euler and Applications F Xingguo Li, Princeton Humanities F Univalent Foundations and the Navier-Stokes Equations F Guher Camliyurt, University Equivalence Principle F Benedikt Ahrens, Member, School of Mathematics F Comparing University of Birmingham F The Synthetic Measures of Complexity for Minimal Subvarieties F Short talks by Postdoctoral Members F Pointwise Theory of ∞-Categories vs. the Synthetic Theory of Alessandro Carlotto, Eidgenössische Monotonicity of Heat Kernels F Ángel D. ∞-Categories F Emily Riehl, Johns Hopkins Technische Hochschule Zürich; Member, Martínez Martínez, Member, School of University F Voevodsky Proof of Milnor and Bloch- School of Mathematics Mathematics F Singular Hodge Theory of Kato Conjectures F Alexander Merkurjev, Matroids F Jacob Matherne, Member, School University of California, Los Angeles F Isotropic September 26 of Mathematics F Minimal Hypersurfaces and Phase Motivic Category F Alexander Vishik, Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F Transitions F Marco Aurelio Méndez University of Nottingham Orientation Meeting Guaraco, Member, School of Mathematics F Probabilistically Checkable Proofs and the Graph September 13 Short talks by Postdoctoral Members F The Coloring Problem F Dor Yosef Minzer, Vladimir Voevodsky Memorial Conference F Modern Application of Separation of Variables F Member, School of Mathematics F Regularity Towards Elementary Infinity-Toposes F Michael Gao Chen, Member, School of Mathematics F Lemmas and Other Extremal Results F Guy Shulman, University of San Diego F Even Geometry and Topology of Isoperimetric and Index Moshkovitz, Member, School of Spaces and Motivic Resolutions F Michael One Minimal Surfaces F Celso dos Santos Mathematics F Stability for Functional and Hopkins, Harvard University F Universal Chow Viana, Member, School of Mathematics F Geometric Inequalities F Robin Neumayer, Group of 0-Cycle and Nilpotence F Claire Voisin, Ramanujan Graphs and Golden Gates F Shai Member, School of Mathematics F Invariant Collége de France F A Search for an Algebraic Evra, Member, School of Mathematics F Theory and Complexity F Viswambhara Equivalence Analogue of Motivic Theories F Eric Adventures in Monotone Complexity F Mika Makam, Member, School of Mathematics Friedlander, University of Southern California Göös, Member, School of Mathematics F The Optimal Transport Problem F Yash Jhaveri, October 2 September 14 Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Vladimir Voevodsky Memorial Conference F Member, School of Mathematics F Homological Prescribing Scalar Curvature in High Dimension F Univalence from a Computer Science Point-of-View F Projective Geometry F Qingyuan Jiang, Andrea Malchiodi, Scuola Normale Dan Licata, Wesleyan University F Algebraic Member, School of Mathematics Superiore di Pisa F On the Existence of Minimal

62 Heegaard Splittings F Daniel J. Ketover, October 9 Informal Group Action Seminar F Rigidity for Princeton University; Member, School of Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Slowly Growing Representations of SL(n,Z) F Mathematics Singularity and Comparison Theorems for Metrics Mikael de la Salle, École Normale with Positive Scalar Curvature F Chao Li, Stanford Supérieure de Lyon Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics University; Visitor, School of Mathematics F Seminar II F Tensor Rank F Avi Wigderson, Construction of Hypersurfaces of Prescribed Mean Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F Herbert H. Maass Professor, School of Curvature F Jonathan Julian Zhu, Harvard Structures in the Floer Theory of Symplectic Lie Mathematics University; Visitor, School of Mathematics Groupoids F James Pascaleff, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign October 3 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Short talks by Postdoctoral Members F Proofs Seminar II F Asymptotic Spectra and Their October 16 from Algorithms, Algorithms from Proofs F Pravesh Applications I and II F Jeroen Zuiddam, Emerging Topics Working Group F Notions of Kothari, Member, School of Mathematics F Member, School of Mathematics Scalar Curvature F Mikhail Gromov, Institut Intrinsic Diophantine Approximation on S3 F Des Hautes Études Scientifiques and New York Raphael Sebastian Steiner, Member, October 10 University F Positive Mass Theorem in All School of Mathematics F Contact Hypersurfaces Mathematical Conversations F Stirring Dimensions F Richard Schoen, University of and Mirror Symmetry F Saraswathi Efficiently F Camillo De Lellis, Professor, California, Irvine; Member, School of Venkatesh, Member, School of Mathematics F School of Mathematics Mathematics Zimmer’s Conjecture for Co-compact Lattices in Short talks by Postdoctoral Visitors F Front Simple Complex Lie Groups F Zhiyuan Zhang, Propagation in a Nonlocal Reaction-Diffusion Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Equation F Olga Turanova, University of Seminar II F Asymptotic Spectra and Their Stockholm; Member, School of Mathematics F California, Los Angeles; Visitor, School of Applications I and II F Jeroen Zuiddam, Getting Information from Higher-Dimensional Mathematics F Harmonic Maps between Singular Member, School of Mathematics Moduli Spaces in Floer Theory F Zhengyi Zhou, Spaces F Brian Freidin, Brown University; Member, School of Mathematics Visitor, School of Mathematics F The Geometry October 17 of Neural Networks (aka Deep Learning for Emerging Topics Working Group F Stability of October 4 Mathematicians) F Yaim Cooper, Visitor, the Positive Mass Theorem F Lan-Hsuan Huang, Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F School of Mathematics University of Connecticut; von Neumann Quantum Footprints of Symplectic Rigidity F Fellow, School of Mathematics F Untitled Talk F Leonid Polterovich, Tel Aviv University Informal Group Action Seminar F Thin Groups Raquel Perales, Universidad Nacional and Their Dynamics F Simion Filip, Harvard Autónoma de México Venkatesh Working Group University; Visitor, School of Mathematics Mathematical Conversations F Mathematical Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Symplectic Dynamics Working Group Structures in the Jungles of Life F Mikhail Theory Seminar F Spacing and a Large Sieve-Type Gromov, Institut Des Hautes Études Inequality for Roots of a Cubic Congruence F October 11 Scientifiques and New York University Matthew Welsh, Rutgers, The State Venkatesh Working Group F Introduction to University of New Jersey Perverse Sheaves F Mark Goresky, Visitor, Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F Billiard School of Mathematics Dynamics—a Symplectic Point of View F Yaron October 5 Ostrover, Tel Aviv University; von Neumann Allen-Cahn/Ginzburg-Landau Reading Group Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Fellow, School of Mathematics Theory Seminar F Explicit Formulae for Stark Short talks by Postdoctoral Members F Units and Hilbert’s Twelfth Problem F Samit October 18 Quantifying Eisenstein Congruences F Preston Dasgupta, Duke University Venkatesh Working Group Wake, Member, School of Mathematics F Modeling Adaptive Communication Games F Sida Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory Emerging Topics Working Group F Index Wang, Member, School of Mathematics F Theory and Flexibility in Positive Scalar Curve Classification of Algebraic Varieties F Jakub October 12 Geometry F Bernhard Hanke, Universität Witaszek, Member, School of Mathematics F Allen-Cahn/Ginzburg-Landau Reading Group Augsburg Elliptic/Harmonic Measures and the Geometry of Domains F Zihui Zhao, Member, School of October 15 Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Mathematics F Morse Theory on Ellipsoids F Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Theory Seminar F Honda-Tate Theory for Shimura Daniel J. Ketover, Member, School of Seminar I F Breaking the Circuit-Size Barrier in Varieties F Mark Kisin, Harvard University Mathematics F The Asymptotic Spectrum of Secret Sharing F Vinod Vaikuntanathan, Tensors F Jeroen Zuiddam, Member, School Massachusetts Institute of Technology Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory of Mathematics Emerging Topics Working Group F Introduction October 19 October 8 to Scalar Curvature and Convergence F Christina Emerging Topics Working Group F Tori of Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning Sormani, The City University of New York; Almost Nonnegative Scalar Curvature F Brian Visitor, School of Mathematics Allen, The City University of New York F Members’ Seminar F Existence Theory of Minimal Conjectures for Intrinsic Flat Convergence and Scalar Hypersurfaces F Fernando Codá Marques, Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Curvature F Christina Sormani, The City Princeton University; Distinguished Visiting On the Dynamics of Gradient Descent for Training University of New York; Visitor, School of Professor, School of Mathematics Deep Neural Networks F Wei Hu, Princeton Mathematics F Smooth Convergence Away from University Singularities F Sajjad Lakzian, Fordham Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F University F Formation of Research Teams Semitoric Families F Joseph Palmer, Rutgers, Members’ Seminar F Critical Hölder Exponents F The State University of New Jersey Camillo De Lellis, Professor, School of Mathematics

63 Analysis Seminar F Some Recent Results Related to Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory Workshop on Mean Curvature and the Strong Openness Property of Multiplier Ideal Regularity F Spacetime Aspects of Mean Curvature Sheaves F Qi’an Guan, Peking University; October 26 in General Relativity F Richard Schoen, Member, School of Mathematics Allen-Cahn/Ginzburg-Landau Reading Group University of California, Irvine; Member, School of Mathematics F Weyl Law for the Phase October 22 Analysis Seminar Transition Spectrum and Density of Limit-Interfaces F Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Marco Aurelio Mendez Guaraco, Member, Seminar I F Approximating the Edit Distance to Hermann Weyl Lectures F The Zilber-Pink School of Mathematics F Some Minimal within a Constant Factor in Truly Subquadratic Conjecture F Jonathan Pila, University of Submanifolds Generalizing the Clifford Torus F Time F Mike Saks, Rutgers, The State Oxford Jaigyoung Choe, Korea Institute for University of New Jersey Advanced Study October 29 Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics November 6 Learning in Non-convex Games with an Seminar I F 2-Universality of Random Graphs F Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F Optimization Oracle F Alon Gonen, Princeton Gal Kronenberg, Tel Aviv University Hamiltonian Pseudo-rotations of Projective Spaces F University Zhengyi Zhou, Member, School of Members’ Seminar F On Measures Invariant under Mathematics Members’ Seminar F New and Old Results in the the Diagonal Group—a New Approach F Elon Classical Theory of Minimal and Constant Mean Lindenstrauss, The Hebrew University of Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Curvature Surfaces in Euclidean 3-Space R3 F Jerusalem; Member, School of Mathematics Seminar II F The GM-MDS Conjecture F William H. Meeks III, The University of Shachar Lovett, University of California, San Massachusetts; Member, School of Mathematics Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F A Diego Simplicial Construction of G-Equivariant Floer Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F A Homology F Kristen Hendricks, Michigan Workshop on Mean Curvature and Local Systolic Inequality in Contact and Symplectic State University Regularity F Boundary Regularity for Area Geometry F Gabriele Benedetti, Universität Minimizing Currents and a Question of Almgren F Heidelberg Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Camillo De Lellis, Professor, School of Seminar F X-Ramanujan Graphs: Ex Uno Mathematics F Topological Uniqueness of Self- October 23 Plures F Ryan O’Donnell, Carnegie Mellon Expanders of Small Entropy F Lu Wang, Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F University University of Wisconsin–Madison; von Existence of Infinitely Many Minimal Hypersurfaces Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics F A in Closed Manifolds F Antoine Song, Princeton October 30 Priori Estimates for Einstein Manifolds F Aaron University Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Naber, Northwestern University Analysis of Some Conformally Invariant Problems F Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F A Paul Laurain, Université Paris Diderot F November 7 Rudimentary Introduction to Some Questions on Recent Progress on Overdetermined Elliptic Mathematical Conversations F Hodge-Riemann Zero Entropy Conservative Surface Dynamics F Problems F Jose Espinar, Instituto Nacional de Relations for Potts-Model Partition Functions F Zhiyuan Zhang, Member, School of Matemática Pura e Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro June Huh, Visiting Professor, School of Mathematics Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Hermann Weyl Lectures F Point-Counting and Seminar II F On the NP-Hardness of 2-to-2 Workshop on Mean Curvature and Diophantine Applications F Jonathan Pila, Games F Dor Yosef Minzer, Member, School Regularity F Progress on Existence of Minimal University of Oxford of Mathematics Surfaces F André Neves, Member, School of Mathematics F A Plateau Problem at Infinity in H 2 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics October 31 × R F Magdalena Rodriguez, Universidad Seminar II F Small-Set Expansion on the Informal Group Action Seminar F The Difference de Granada F Sinh-Gordon Equation and Grassmann Graph F Dor Yosef Minzer, between Lagrange and Markov after Hausdorff F Application to the Geometry of CMC Surfaces F Member, School of Mathematics Carlos Matheus Santos, Centre National de Laurent Hauswirth, Université Paris-Est la Recherche Scientifique, Paris Marne-la-Vallée F Recent Gluing Constructions in October 24 Geometry and the Gluing Methodology F Nicolaos Mathematical Conversations F What Is a Central November 1 Kapouleas, Brown University; Member, Limit Theorem for Random Groups? F Melanie Venkatesh Working Group School of Mathematics Wood, University of Wisconsin–Madison Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F Generic November 8 Hermann Weyl Lectures F O-Minimality and Dynamics: A Phenomenon/Mechanism Venkatesh Working Group Ax-Schanuel Properties F Jonathan Pila, Correspondence F Enrique Pujals, The City University of Oxford University of New York Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Seminar F Epsilon Dichotomy for Linear October 25 November 2 Models F Hang Xue, The University of Venkatesh Working Group F Decomposition Allen-Cahn/Ginzburg-Landau Reading Group Arizona Theorem, Springer Representations, and the Iwahori- Hecke Algebra F Mark Goresky, Visitor, School November 5 Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar I F Sunflowers and Friends F Shachar Workshop on Mean Curvature and Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Lovett, University of California, San Diego Regularity F Locating Minimal Surfaces in Theory Seminar F Irreducible Components of Geometrostatic Manifolds F Christina Sormani, Affine Deligne-Lusztig Varieties and Orbital Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F The City University of New York; Member, Integrals F Rong Zhou, Member, School of Scalable Natural Gradient Training of Neural School of Mathematics F Generic Uniqueness of Mathematics Networks F Roger Grosse, University of Toronto Expanders with Vanishing Relative Entropy F Felix

64 Schulze, University College London F The November 16 November 27 Embedded Calabi-Yau Problem for Minimal Surfaces Allen-Cahn/Ginzburg-Landau Reading Group Joint IAS/Princeton University Number of Finite Genus F Joaquin Perez, Universidad Theory Seminar F Good and Semi-stable de Granada Analysis Seminar F Some Recent Results Related to Reductions of Shimura Varieties F Michael the Strong Openness Property of Multiplier Ideal Rapoport, Universität Bonn November 9 Sheaves F Qi’an Guan, Peking University; Allen-Cahn/Ginzburg-Landau Reading Group Member, School of Mathematics Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Homotopical Effects of K-Dilation F Larry Guth, Workshop on Mean Curvature and November 19 Massachusetts Institute of Technology F Regularity F Free Boundary Minimal Möbius Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Bubbling Theory for Minimal Hypersurfaces F Ben Bands F Ailana Fraser, The University of Prediction with a Short Memory F Sham Kakade, Sharp, University of Warwick British Columbia; Member, School of University of Washington and Google Brain Mathematics F Progress in the Theory of CMC Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F Surfaces in Locally Homgeneous 3-Manifolds X F Members’ Seminar F A Tale of Two Conjectures: Holomorphic Curves and Celestial Mechanics F William H. Meeks III, University of From Mahler to Viterbo F Yaron Ostrover, Tel Umberto Leone Hryniewicz, Universidade Massachusetts; Member, School of Mathematics Aviv University; von Neumann Fellow, School Federal do Rio de Janeiro; von Neumann of Mathematics Fellow, School of Mathematics November 12 Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Generalized Framework for Nonlinear Acceleration F Lyapunov Exponents for Small Random Seminar II F Monotone Circuit Lower Bounds from Damien Scieur, Princeton University Perturbations of Predominantly Hyperbolic Two- Resolution F Mika Göös, Member, School of Members’ Seminar F Invertible Objects in Stable Dimensional Volume-Preserving Diffeomorphisms, Mathematics Homotopy Theory F Irina Bobkova, Member, Including the Standard Map F Alex Blumenthal, School of Mathematics University of Maryland November 28 Mathematical Conversations F The Isoperimetric Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F November 20 Inequality F Robin Neumayer, Member, Distinguishing Fillings via Dynamics of Fukaya Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F School of Mathematics Categories F Yusuf Baris Kartal, Massachusetts Almgren’s Isomorphism Theorem and Parametric Institute of Technology Isoperimetric Inequalities F Yevgeny Informal Group Action Seminar F Characterizing Liokumovich, Massachusetts Institute of Locally Symmetric Spaces by Their Lyapunov November 13 Technology; Member, School of Mathematics F Spectra F Clark W. Butler, Princeton Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F The Min-Max Width of Unit Volume Three- University; Veblen Research Instructor, School Translators for Mean Curvature Flow F David Spheres F Lucas Coelho Ambrozio, of Mathematics Hoffman, Stanford University F Morse-Theoretic University of Warwick; Member, School of Aspects of the Willmore Energy F Alexis Mathematics November 29 Michelat, Eidgenössische Technische Venkatesh Working Group Hochschule Zürich Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar II F Introduction to Query-to- Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F Communication Lifting F Mika Göös, Member, Theory Seminar F The Lucky Logarithmic Celestial Mechanics and Holomorphic Curves F School of Mathematics Derivative F Will Sawin, Columbia University Umberto Leone Hryniewicz, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; von Neumann November 22 Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory Fellow, School of Mathematics Venkatesh Working Group November 30 November 14 November 23 Allen-Cahn/Ginzburg-Landau Reading Group Mathematical Conversations F The Stability of Allen-Cahn/Ginzburg-Landau Reading Group Atoms and the Ionization Conjecture F Ian Analysis Seminar F Branched Conformal Structures Jauslin, Princeton University November 26 and the Dyson Superprocess F Govind Menon, Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Brown University; Member, School of Informal Group Action Seminar F Dimension of Seminar I F Classical Verification of Quantum Mathematics Self-Affine Measures and Additive Combinatorics F Computations F Urmila Mahadev, University Michael Hochman, The Hebrew University of California, Berkeley December 3 of Jerusalem; von Neumann Fellow, School of Members’ Seminar F Recent Progress on Zimmer’s Mathematics Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F à Conjecture F David M. Fisher, Indiana la Carte Embedding: Cheap but Effective Induction of University; Member, School of Mathematics Symplectic Dynamics Working Group Semantic Feature Vectors F Nikunj Saunshi, Princeton University Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F November 15 Mean Action of Periodic Orbits of Area-Preserving Venkatesh Working Group Members’ Seminar F Effective Sato-Tate under Annulus Diffeomorphisms F Morgan Weiler, GRH F Alina Ioana Bucur, University of University of California, Berkeley Joint IAS/Princeton University Number California, San Diego; von Neumann Fellow, Theory Seminar F Hyperfields, Ordered School of Mathematics December 4 Blueprints, and Moduli Spaces of Matroids F Matt Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Baker, Georgia Institute of Technology Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F Theory Seminar F p-adic Cohomology of the Some Developments in the Legendrian Grid Drinfeld Half-Space F Wieslawa Niziol, École Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory Invariants F C.-M. Michael Wong, Louisiana Normale Supérieure de Lyon State University

65 Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F January 15 Global Results Related to Scalar Curvature and Hamiltonian Pseudo-rotations of Projective Spaces F Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Isoperimetry F Otis Chodosh, Princeton Zhengyi Zhou, Member, School of Regularity of Weakly Stable Codimension 1 CMC University; Veblen Research Instructor, School Mathematics Varifolds F Neshan Wickramasekera, of Mathematics University of Cambridge; Member, School of Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Mathematics F Minimal Surfaces with Index One Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F Coarse Seminar II F An Invitation to Tensor Networks F in Spherical Space Forms F Celso dos Santos Geometry of the Group of Hamiltonian Michael Walter, University of Amsterdam Viana, Member, School of Mathematics Diffeomorphisms via the Theory of Persistence Modules F Daniel Álvarez-Gavela, Member, December 12 January 16 School of Mathematics Mathematical Conversations F How to Detect a Working Group on Geometric Applications of Projective Space? F Jakub Witaszek, Member, the Langlands Correspondence F Untitled Talk F December 5 School of Mathematics Kiran Kedlaya, University of California, San Mathematical Conversations F Two Short Stories Diego; Visiting Professor, School of on Mathematical Uncertainty Principle F Eugenia Informal Group Action Seminar F Non- Mathematics Malinnikova, Norwegian University of accumulation of Periodic Torus Orbits F Ilya Science and Technology; von Neumann Fellow, Khayutin, Princeton University; Veblen January 22 School of Mathematics Research Instructor, School of Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Seminar F The Eigencurve at Eisenstein Informal Group Action Seminar F New December 13 Weight One Points F Alice Pozzi, University Techniques for Zimmer’s Conjecture F David M. Venkatesh Working Group College London Fisher, Indiana University; Member, School of Mathematics F An Application of Margulis’s Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Inequality to Effective Equidistribution F Asaf Theory Seminar F Nearby Cycles over General Symplectic Methods for Sharp Systolic Inequalities F Katz, The University of Chicago Bases and Duality F Weizhe Zheng, Umberto Leone Hryniewicz, Universidade Morningside Center of Mathematics, Chinese Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Member, School of December 6 Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mathematics F (Non)Uniqueness Questions in Venkatesh Working Group Mean Curvature Flow F Lu Wang, University of Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory Wisconsin–Madison; Member, School of Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Mathematics Theory Seminar F Slopes in Eigenvarieties for December 14 Definite Unitary Groups F Lynnelle Ye, Harvard Allen-Cahn/Ginzburg-Landau Reading Group Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics University Seminar II F New Results on Projections F Guy Analysis Seminar F Two Questions of Landis and Moshkovitz, Member, School of Mathematics Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory Their Applications F Eugenia Malinnikova, Norwegian University of Science and January 23 December 7 Technology; von Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematical Conversations F Bourgain and the Allen-Cahn/Ginzburg-Landau Reading Group Mathematics Sum-Product Phenomena F Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. Maass Professor, School of December 10 December 17 Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F Seminar I F A Matrix Expander Chernoff Bound F Barcodes and C0 Symplectic Topology F Sobhan BYOP@Lunch Working Group Ankit Garg, Microsoft Research Seyfaddini, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Working Group on Geometric Applications of Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F December 18 the Langlands Correspondence F Untitled Talk F On Expressiveness and Optimization in Deep Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Raju Krishnamoorthy, University of Learning F Nadav Cohen, Member, School of Bounds in Renormalized Volume for Hyperbolic Georgia Mathematics 3-Manifolds F Franco E. Vargas Pallete, University of California, Berkeley; Member, January 24 Members’ Seminar F Schubert Polynomials via School of Mathematics Venkatesh Working Group Triangulations of Flow Polytopes F Karola Meszaros, Cornell University; von Neumann Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F Analysis Seminar F Multiplicity of Eigenvalues for Fellow, School of Mathematics Celestial Mechanics and Holomorphic Curves II F the Circular Clamped Plate Problem F Dan Umberto Leone Hryniewicz, Universidade Mangoubi, The Hebrew University of Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F Federal do Rio de Janeiro; von Neumann Jerusalem Upper Bounds on the Lagrangian Spectral Norm F Fellow, School of Mathematics Egor Shelukhin, Université de Montréal January 28 January 9 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics December 11 Mathematics Seminar F Distribution of the Integral Seminar I F PCP and Delegating Computation: A Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Points on Quadrics F Naser Talebi Zadeh Love Story F Yael Tauman Kalai, Microsoft Density and Equidistribution of Minimal Sardari, University of Wisconsin–Madison F Research Hypersurfaces F André Neves, The University The Sup-Norm Problem on S3 F Raphael of Chicago; Member, School of Mathematics F Sebastian Steiner, Member, School of Members’ Seminar F Minimal Hypersurfaces in Harmonic Maps into Singular Spaces F Brian Mathematics F Ramanujan Complexes and Golden Manifolds of Finite Volume F Yevgeny Freidin, Brown University; Visitor, School of Gates in PU(3) F Shai Evra, Member, School Liokumovich, Massachusetts Institute of Mathematics of Mathematics Technology; Member, School of Mathematics

66 Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F February 5 February 12 Vortex Equation and Gauged Sigma Model F Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Guangbo Xu, Simons Center for Geometry Spacetime Positive Mass Theorem F Lan-Hsuan Min-Max Solutions of the Ginzburg-Landau and Physics, Stony Brook University, The State Huang, University of Connecticut; von Equations on Closed Manifolds F Daniel Stern, University of New York Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics F On Princeton University F Isoperimetry and the Topology and Index of Minimal Surfaces F Davi Boundaries with Almost Constant Mean Curvature F January 29 Maximo, University of Pennsylvania; Member, Francesco Maggi, The University of Texas at Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F School of Mathematics Austin; Member, School of Mathematics Min-Max Minimal Surfaces in Arbitrary Codimension F Tristan Rivière, Eidgenössische Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F Symplectic Dynamics Working Group Technische Hochschule Zürich; Member, Quasiconformality and the Lyapunov Spectrum F School of Mathematics F The Systole of Large Clark W. Butler, Princeton University; Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Genus Minimal Surfaces in Positive Ricci Veblen Research Instructor, School of Seminar II F Why Can’t We Prove Tensor Curvature F Henrik Matthiesen, The Mathematics Rank and Waring Rank Lower Bounds? F University of Chicago Viswambhara Makam, University of Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Michigan; Member, School of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar II F Noncommutative Rank F Seminar II F A Regularity Lemma with Viswambhara Makam, University of February 13 Modifications F Guy Moshkovitz, Member, Michigan; Member, School of Mathematics Mathematical Conversations F Harmonic Measure School of Mathematics and Boundary Regularity F Zihui Zhao, February 6 Member, School of Mathematics January 30 Mathematical Conversations F How to Efficiently Mathematical Conversations F A Mathematical Check Proofs F Dor Yosef Minzer, Member, BYOP@Lunch Working Group Conjecture about Crumpling Paper F Francesco School of Mathematics Maggi, The University of Texas at Austin; Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Member, School of Mathematics Working Group on Geometric Applications of Understanding and Rewiring SGD for Practically the Langlands Correspondence Effective ML F Rahul Kidambi, University of BYOP@Lunch Working Group Washington February 7 Working Group on Geometric Applications of Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Working Group on Geometric Applications of the Langlands Correspondence F Untitled Talk F Theory Seminar F p-adic Integration and Geometric the Langlands Correspondence Daniel Litt, University of Georgia; Member, Stabilization F Dimitry Wyss, Sorbonne School of Mathematics Université February 14 Venkatesh Working Group F The Equivariant January 31 Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Derived Category F Mark Goresky, School of Venkatesh Working Group Theory F Introduction F Preston Wake, Mathematics Member, School of Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Seminar F Upper Bounds for Constant Analysis Seminar F Positive Canonical Bundle Theory Seminar F An Application of a Conjecture Slope p-adic Families of Modular Forms F John under Negative Holomorphic Curvature F Damin of Mazur-Tate to Supersingular Elliptic Curves F Bergdall, Bryn Mawr College Wu, University of Connecticut; Member, Emmanuel Lecouturier, Tsinghua School of Mathematics University Analysis Seminar F Analyticity Results for the Navier-Stokes Equations F Guher Camliyurt, February 11 Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Member, School of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Theory F Modular Symbols and L-Values of Seminar I F Interactive Coding over the Noisy Modular Forms F Eric Chen, Princeton February 4 Broadcast Channel F Gillat Kol, Princeton University Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics University Seminar I F Near-Optimal Strong Dispersers F Analysis Seminar F Elliptic Measures and the Dean Doron, The University of Texas at Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Geometry of Domains F Zihui Zhao, Member, Austin Online Control with Adversarial Disturbances F School of Mathematics Naman Agarwal Members’ Seminar F The Sample Complexity of February 18 Multireference Alignment F Philippe Rigollet, Members’ Seminar F Quantum Jacobi Forms and Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Visiting Applications F Amanda L. Folsom, Amherst Curiosity, Intrinsic Motivation, and Provably Professor, School of Mathematics College; von Neumann Fellow, School of Efficient Maximum Entropy Exploration F Karan Mathematics Singh, Princeton University Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F A Sheaf-Theoretic SL(2, C) Floer Homology for Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F Joint IAS/Princeton University Algebraic Knots F Laurent Cote, Stanford University Getting a Handle on Contact Manifolds F Kevin Geometry Seminar F An Example of Liftings with Sackel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Different Hodge Numbers F Shizhang Li, Joint IAS/Princeton University Algebraic Columbia University Geometry Seminar F Drinfeld’s Lemma for Joint IAS/Princeton University Algebraic Schemes F Kiran Kedlaya, University of Geometry Seminar F On the Algebraic Sato-Tate February 19 California, San Diego; Visiting Professor, Conjecture for Abelian Varieties F Victoria Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F School of Mathematics Cantoral-Farfán, International Centre for On Minimizers and Critical Points for Anisotropic Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy Isoperimetric Problems F Robin Neumayer, Member, School of Mathematics F Invariant

67 Metrics and the Greene-Wu Conjectures F Damin Toronto; Member, School of Mathematics F Collisions F Ryan McKeown, Harvard Wu, University of Connecticut; Member, Ancient Gradient Flows of Elliptic Functionals F University F Voluntary Thoughts on Turbulence F School of Mathematics Christos Mantoulidis, Massachusetts Multiple speakers Institute of Technology Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F Entropy March 2 and Dynamical Systems in Dimension 2 F Fabio Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Workshop on New Ideas and Tools in Tal, Universidade de São Paulo Seminar II F Lorentzian Polynomials F June Turbulence F Nonuniqueness of Weak Solutions to Huh, Visiting Professor, School of Mathematics the Navier-Stokes Equations F Tristan Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Buckmaster, Princeton University F Seminar II F Lorentzian Polynomials F June February 27 Spontaneously Stochastic Solutions in Dynamical Huh, Visiting Professor, School of Mathematics Mathematical Conversations F Hodge Theory: Systems with Singularities F Theo Drivas, Matrices and Differential Equations F Simion Princeton University F Lagrangian Chaos and February 20 Filip, Harvard University; Visitor, School of Passive Scalar Turbulence F Jacob Bedrossian, Mathematical Conversations F Finite Fields and Mathematics University of Maryland F Statistical Mechanics and the Ax-Grothendieck Theorem F Remy van the Isometric Embedding Problem F Govind Dobben de Bruyn, Princeton University; BYOP@Lunch Working Group Menon, Brown University; Member, School of Veblen Research Instructor, School of Mathematics Mathematics Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F Diffusion Process in the Three-Body Problem F March 4 BYOP@Lunch Working Group Marian Gidea, Yeshiva University Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar I F Local and Global Expansion of Working Group on Geometric Applications of Emerging Topics on Scalar Curvature and Graphs F Yuval Peled, New York University the Langlands Correspondence Convergence F Techniques for Proving Intrinsic Flat Limits Are Not the Zero Space F Christina Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F February 21 Sormani, The City University of New York; FFJORD: Free-Form Continuous Dynamics for Venkatesh Working Group Visitor, School of Mathematics Scalable Reversible Generative Models F Will Grathwohl, University of Toronto Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Working Group on Geometric Applications of Theory Seminar F Automorphy of Mod 3 the Langlands Correspondence Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F Representations over CM Fields F Patrick Allen, Gysin Sequences and Cohomology Ring of Symplectic University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign February 28 Fillings F Zhengyi Zhou, Member, School of Venkatesh Working Group Mathematics Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory F Class Groups and Galois Cohomology F Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Joint IAS/Princeton University Algebraic Shilin Lai, Princeton University Theory Seminar F Derived Structures Controlling Geometry Seminar F Volumes and Intersection Representations F Carl Wang-Erickson, Theory on Moduli Spaces of Abelian Differentials F Analysis Seminar F Plateau’s Problem as a Imperial College London Dawei Chen, Boston College; Member, Capillarity Problem F Francesco Maggi, The School of Mathematics University of Texas at Austin; Member, School Working Seminar in Algebraic Number of Mathematics Theory F Cup Products and K-Groups F Workshop on Geometric Functionals: Analysis Francesc Fité, Member, School of and Applications F Compactness of Conformally February 22 Mathematics Compact Einstein Manifolds in Dimension 4 F Deep Learning: Alchemy or Science? Alice Chang, Princeton University F Analysis Seminar F Global Well-Posedness and Singularities of Teichmüller Harmonic Map Flow F February 25 Scattering for the Radially Symmetric Cubic Wave Melanie Rupflin, University of Oxford F Self- Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Equation with a Critical Sobolev Norm F Similar Solutions of Mean Curvature Flow and Seminar I F Strongly Log Concave Polynomials, Benjamin G. Dodson, Johns Hopkins Entropy F Jacob Bernstein, Johns Hopkins High-Dimensional Simplicial Complexes, and an University; von Neumann Fellow, School of University; Member, School of Mathematics F FPRAS for Counting Bases of Matroids F Shayan Mathematics Kähler Constant Scalar Curvature Metrics on Blow Oveis Gharan, University of Washington Ups and Resolutions of Singularities F Claudio March 1 Arezzo, International Centre for Theoretical Members’ Seminar F Positive Geometries F Workshop on New Ideas and Tools in Physics, Trieste, Italy Thomas Lam, University of Michigan; von Turbulence F Remarks on Turbulence F Katepalli Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics Sreenivasan, New York University; Member, March 5 School of Mathematics F 3-Point Function of Workshop on Geometric Functionals: Analysis Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F Vorticity in 2D Turbulence F Alexander and Applications F Lp Curvatures: Some Analysis Higher Symplectic Capacities F Kyler Siegel, Polyakov, Princeton University F Emergence of Questions from Gauge Theory F Tristan Rivière, Columbia University Multiscaling in a Flow Driven by a Random Force F Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Victor Yakhot, Boston University F Latest and Member, School of Mathematics F Spacetime Joint IAS/Princeton University Algebraic Most Exciting Theories of Hydrodynamic Positive Mass Theorem F Lan-Hsuan Huang, Geometry Seminar F Vertex Algebras and Moduli Turbulence F Peter Constantin, Princeton University of Connecticut; von Neumann of Curves F Nicola Tarasca, Rutgers, The University F For What It’s Worth: An Analyst’s Fellow, School of Mathematics F Periodic State University of New Jersey Hunt for Asymptotic Heat Transport in Rayleigh- Geodesics and Geodesic Nets on Riemannian Benard Convection F Charlie Doering, Manifolds F Regina Rotman, University of February 26 University of Michigan F Application of Machine Toronto; Member, School of Mathematics F Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Learning to Turbulence Modeling F Weinan E, Liouville Equations and Functional Determinants F Geodesic Nets: Examples and Open Problems F Princeton University F Cascades in Vortex Andrea Malchiodi, Scuola Normale Alexander Nabutovsky, University of Superiore di Pisa

68 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F A Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F Seminar II F Improved List-Decoding and Local Theoretical Analysis of Contrastive Unsupervised Minimal Sets and Properties of Feral List-Decoding Algorithms for Polynomial Codes F Representation Learning F Orestis Plevrakis, Pseudoholomorphic Curves F Joel Fish, Swastik Kopparty, Rutgers, The State Princeton University University of Massachusetts, Boston University of New Jersey; Member, School of Mathematics Members’ Seminar F Geometry of Two- March 19 Dimensional Riemannian Disks and Spheres F Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F March 6 Regina Rotman, University of Toronto; Gap and Index Estimates for Yang-Mills Connections Mathematical Conversations F From Celestial Member, School of Mathematics in 4D F Matthew Gursky, University of Mechanics to the Arnold Conjectures F Umberto Notre Dame F Multiplicity One Conjecture in Min- Leone Hryniewicz, Universidade Federal do Joint IAS/Princeton University Algebraic Max Theory F Xin Zhou, University of Rio de Janeiro; von Neumann Fellow, School of Geometry Seminar F A Non-Archimedean Ax- California, Santa Barbara; Member, School of Mathematics Lindemann Theorem F Antoine Mathematics Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Chambert-Loir, Université Paris Diderot Exponentiated Gradient Meets Gradient Descent F Symplectic Dynamics Working Group F Will Grathwohl, University of Toronto March 12 Properties of Feral Pseudoholomorphic Curves F Joel Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Fish, University of Massachusetts, Boston Workshop on Geometric Functionals: Analysis Macroscopically Minimal Hypersurfaces F Hannah and Applications F Normalized Harmonic Map Alpert, The Ohio State University Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Flow F Michael Struwe, Eidgenössische Seminar II F A Brief Tour of Proof Complexity: Technische Hochschule Zürich F Loop Products, Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Lower Bounds and Open Problems F Toniann Closed Geodesics, and Self-Intersections F Nancy Seminar II F Halting Problems for Sandpiles and Pitassi, University of Toronto; Visiting Hingston, The College of New Jersey F Nature Abelian Networks F Lionel Levine, Cornell Professor, School of Mathematics of Some Stationary Varifolds near Multiplicity 2 University; von Neumann Fellow Tangent Planes F Neshan Wickramasekera, March 20 University of Cambridge; Member, School of March 13 Mathematical Conversations F From Dynamics to Mathematics F Existence and Uniqueness of Green’s Mathematical Conversations F Wiggling and Contact Topology and Back F Jo Nelson, Rice Function to a Nonlinear Yamabe Problem F Yanyan Wrinkling F Daniel Álvarez-Gavela, Member, University Li, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey School of Mathematics BYOP@Lunch Working Group Working Group on Geometric Applications of BYOP@Lunch Working Group the Langlands Correspondence F Untitled Talk F Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F Daniel Litt, University of Georgia; Member, March 14 Equivariant and Nonequivariant Contact Homology F School of Mathematics Venkatesh Working Group Jo Nelson, Rice University

March 7 Joint IAS/Princeton University Number March 21 Venkatesh Working Group Theory Seminar F Local Aspects of Venkatesh’s Analysis Seminar F Front Propagation in a Nonlocal Thesis F Yiannis Sakellaridis, Rutgers, The Reaction-Diffusion Equation F Olga Turanova, Joint IAS/Princeton University Number State University of New Jersey University of California, Los Angeles; Visitor, Theory Seminar F Special Cycles on Orthogonal School of Mathematics Shimura Varieties F Eugenia Rosu, The Working Seminar in Algebraic Number University of Arizona Theory F The Map to K2 without Symbols F LMFDB Akshay Venkatesh, Professor, School of Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory Mathematics March 22 LMFDB Workshop on Geometric Functionals: Analysis Analysis Seminar F Gradient Gibbs Models and and Applications F Compactness and Finiteness Homogenization F Scott Armstrong, New March 25 Theorems (Almost) without Curvature F Gerard York University Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Besson, Université de Grenoble F One-Cycle Seminar I F On the Approximation Resistance of Sweepout Estimates of Essential Surfaces in Closed March 15 Balanced Linear Threshold Functions F Aaron Riemannian Manifolds F Stéphane Sabourau, Analysis Seminar F Localization and Delocalization Potechin, The University of Chicago Université Paris-Est Créteil F L2 Curvature for for Interacting 1D Quasiperiodic Particles F Ilya Surfaces in Riemannian Manifolds F Ernst Kachkovskiy, Michigan State University Members’ Seminar F The General Case? F Amie Kuwert, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Wilkinson, The University of Chicago March 18 March 8 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Algebraic Workshop on Geometric Functionals: Analysis Seminar I F An Application of the Universality Geometry Seminar F Singular Hodge Theory of and Applications F Ricci Flows That Attain Their Theorem for Tverberg Partitions F Imre Barany, Matroids F Jacob Matherne, Member, School Initial Data Weakly F Peter Topping, Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics, of Mathematics University of Warwick F Filling Metric Spaces F Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, and Alexander Nabutovsky, University of University College London March 26 Toronto; Member, School of Mathematics Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Members’ Seminar F Tracking Trajectories in a-Harmonic Maps between Spheres F Tobias March 11 Hamiltonian Systems Using Holomorphic Curve Lamm, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie F A Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Tools F Barney Bramham, Ruhr-Universität Mountain Pass Theorem for Minimal Hypersurfaces Seminar I F Near Log-Convexity of Measured Heat Bochum; von Neumann Fellow, School of with Fixed Boundary F Rafael Montezuma, in (Discrete) Time and Consequences F Mert Mathematics Princeton University Sağlam, University of Washington

69 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics April 2 Joint IAS/Princeton University Algebraic Seminar II F Factors of Sparse Polynomials: Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Geometry Seminar F Macaulayfication of Structural Results and Some Algorithms F Stable Hypersurfaces with Prescribed Mean Noetherian Schemes F Kęstutis Česnavičius, Shubhangi Saraf, Member, School of Curvature F Costante Bellettini, Princeton Université Paris-Sud and Mathematical Sciences Mathematics University; Member, School of Mathematics F Research Institute Constrained Deformations of Positive Scalar Emerging Topics Working Group F Coherence, Curvature Metrics F Alessandro Carlotto, Marston Morse Lectures F Disorder Increases Planar Boundaries, and the Geometry of Subgroups F Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Almost Surely F Laure Saint-Raymond, Genevieve Walsh, Tufts University F One- Member, School of Mathematics Université Pierre et Marie Curie and Ecole Relator Groups, Nonpositive Immersions, and Normale Supérieure Coherence F Henry Wilton, University of Symplectic Dynamics Working Group Cambridge April 9 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F March 27 Seminar II F A High-Dimensional Littlewood- The Energy Functional on Besse Manifolds F Mathematical Conversations F A Curious Family Offord Inequality F Li-Yang Tan, Stanford Marco Radeschi, University of Notre Dame F of Curves F Amie Wilkinson, The University University Bifurcating Conformal Metrics with Constant of Chicago Q-Curvature F Renato Bettiol, The City April 3 University of New York Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Mathematical Conversations F A Glamorous Multiplicity One Conjecture in Min-Max Theory Movie Star, the “Bad Boy” of Music, and the Marston Morse Lectures F Space-Time (continued) F Xin Zhou, University of Development of Spread Spectrum Communications F Correlations at Equilibrium F Laure Saint- California, Santa Barbara; Member, School of Mark Goresky, School of Mathematics Raymond, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Mathematics and Ecole Normale Supérieure Working Group on Geometric Applications of BYOP@Lunch Working Group the Langlands Correspondence F Untitled Talk F Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Kiran Kedlaya, University of California, San Seminar II F Flow Polytopes F Karola Emerging Topics Working Group F Coherence Diego; Visiting Professor, School of Meszaros, Cornell University; von Neumann and Lattices F Matthew Stover, Temple Mathematics Fellow, School of Mathematics University April 4 April 10 Working Group on Geometric Applications of Venkatesh Working Group Mathematical Conversations F How Do the Langlands Correspondence F Untitled Talk F Computers Do Arithmetic, and Should We Believe Kiran Kedlaya, University of California, San Joint IAS/Princeton University Number the Answers? F Scott Tremaine, Richard Black Diego; Visiting Professor, School of Theory Seminar F Singular Moduli for Real Professor, School of Natural Sciences Mathematics Quadratic Fields F Jan Vonk, University of Oxford Working Group on Geometric Applications of March 28 the Langlands Correspondence F Untitled Talk F Venkatesh Working Group Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Joe Kramer-Miller, University of California, Theory F p-adic L-Functions in One and Two Irvine Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Variables F Kim Tuan Do, Princeton University Theory Seminar F Stronger Arithmetic April 11 Equivalence F Andrew Sutherland, Analysis Seminar F Higher Regularity of the Venkatesh Working Group Massachusetts Insitute of Technology Singular Set in the Thin Obstacle Problem F Yash Jhaveri, Member, School of Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory Seminar F Sato-Tate Groups of Abelian Theory F Hida Theory and Ohta’s Canonical April 5 Threefolds F Francesc Fité, Member, School of Comparison Map F Giada Grossi, University Analysis Seminar F Two-Dimensional Random Mathematics College London Field Ising Model at Zero Temperature F Jian Ding, The Wharton School, University of Working Seminar in Algebraic Number April 1 Pennsylvania Theory F Overview of the Work of Fukaya-Kato F Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Preston Wake, Member, School of Seminar I F Fooling Polytopes F Li-Yang Tan, April 8 Mathematics Stanford University Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar I F Collective Coin-Flipping Protocols and Marston Morse Lectures F Fluctuations Look Like Members’ Seminar F A Recent Perspective on Influences of Coalitions F Hamed Hatami, White Noise F Laure Saint-Raymond, Invariant Theory F Viswambhara Makam, McGill University Université Pierre et Marie Curie and Ecole Member, School of Mathematics Normale Supérieure Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F The Fast Minimization of Structured Convex Quartics F April 15 Arnold Conjecture via Symplectic Field Theory Brian Bullins, Princeton University Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Polyfolds F Ben Filippenko, University of Seminar I F On the Possibility of an Instance-Based California, Berkeley Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F Complexity Theory F Boaz Barak, Harvard Constructions in Symplectic and Contact Topology via University Joint IAS/Princeton University Algebraic H-Principles F Oleg Lazarev, Columbia Geometry Seminar F Motivic Euler Products and University Motivic Height Zeta Functions F Margaret Bilu, New York University

70 Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Is Joint IAS/Princeton University Number May 16 Optimization/ERM the Right Metaphor for Deep Theory Seminar F Jensen-Polya Program for the Informal Group Action Seminar F A Probabilistic Learning? F Sanjeev Arora, Princeton Riemann Hypothesis and Related Problems F Ken Takens Theorem F Yonatan Gutman, Institute University; Visiting Professor, School of Ono, Emory University of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Mathematics Sciences, Warsaw Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Members’ Seminar F Étale and Crystalline Infinite Solutions of the Singular Yamabe Problem in May 19 Companions F Kiran Kedlaya, University of Spheres via Teichmüller Theory F Paolo 2019 Women and Mathematics F Terng Course California, San Diego; Visiting Professor, Piccione, Universidade de São Paulo Preview F Zihui Zhao, University of School of Mathematics Washington; Member, School of Mathematics F Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Uhlenbeck Course Preview F Lu Wang, Symplectic Dynamics/Geometry Seminar F Theory F Galois Side of Fukaya-Kato (continued) F University of Wisconsin–Madison; Member, Augmentations and Immersed Exact Lagrangian Gyujin Oh, Princeton University School of Mathematics Cobordisms F Yu Pan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology April 29 May 20 Joint IAS/Princeton University Algebraic 2019 Women and Mathematics F Uniform Joint IAS/Princeton University Algebraic Geometry Seminar F Nearby Cycles for Parity Rectifiability via Perimeter Minimization F Tatiana Geometry Seminar F The p-Curvature Conjecture Sheaves and the Affine Hecke Category F Laura Toro, University of Washington F Terng in Families F Ananth Shankar, Massachusetts Rider, University of Georgia Lecture Review Session F Ancient Solutions to Institute of Technology Geometric Flows F Panagiota Daskalopoulos, April 30 Columbia University F Uhlenbeck Lecture April 17 Variational Methods in Geometry Seminar F Review Session F Research Seminars Analysis Seminar F Loops in Hydrodynamic The Geometry of Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces Turbulence F Katepalli Sreenivasan, New in Euclidean Space F Giuseppe Tinaglia, King’s May 21 York University; Member, School of College London 2019 Women and Mathematics F Uniform Mathematics Rectifiability via Perimeter Minimization F Tatiana May 1 Toro, University of Washington F Ancient Working Group on Geometric Applications of Working Group on Geometric Applications of Solutions to Geometric Flows F Panagiota the Langlands Correspondence F Untitled Talk F the Langlands Correspondence F Construction of Daskalopoulos, Columbia University F Kiran Kedlaya, University of California, San Crystalline Companions II F Kiran Kedlaya, Viewing of the Presentation of the Abel Prize to Diego; Visiting Professor, School of University of California, San Diego; Visiting Karen Uhlenbeck F Terng/Uhlenbeck Lectures Mathematics Professor, School of Mathematics Review Session F Viscosity Solutions Approach to Variational Problems F Daniela de Silva, April 18 May 2 Columbia University Venkatesh Working Group Venkatesh Working Group Joint IAS/Princeton University Number May 23 Theory Seminar F How Does the Rank of an Joint IAS/Princeton University Number 2019 Women and Mathematics F Uniform Elliptic Curve Grow in Towers of Number Fields? F Theory Seminar F Singularities in Reductions of Rectifiability via Perimeter Minimization F Tatiana Florian Sprung, Arizona State University Shimura Varieties F Thomas Haines, University Toro, University of Washington F Terng of Maryland Lecture Review Session F Ancient Solutions to Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Geometric Flows F Panagiota Daskalopoulos, Theory F The Galois Side of Fukaya-Kato F Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Columbia University F Uhlenbeck Lecture Gyujin Oh, Princeton University Theory F Galois Side of Fukaya-Kato (continued) F Review Session F Research Seminars F Gyujin Oh, Princeton University Ambassador Program Introduction F Margaret Analysis Seminar F Dimension of the Stationary Readdy, University of Kentucky F Ambassador Measure for Random Matrix Products in SL2(R) F May 6 Program Results Michael Hochman, Einstein Institute of Analysis Seminar F Singularity Formation for Some Mathematics, The Hebrew University of Incompressible Euler Flows F Tarek Elgindi, May 24 Jerusalem University of California, San Diego 2019 Women and Mathematics F Uniform Rectifiability via Perimeter Minimization F Tatiana April 22 Joint IAS/Princeton University Algebraic Toro, University of Washington F Ancient Joint IAS/Princeton University Algebraic Geometry Seminar F Hecke Orbits and Solutions to Geometric Flows F Panagiota Geometry Seminar F Chow Motives, L-Functions, Foliations F Frans Oort, Universiteit Utrecht Daskalopoulos, Columbia University and Powers of Algebraic Hecke Characters F Laure Flapan, Northeastern University and May 9 May 30 Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Analysis Seminar F The Inviscid Limit for the Theory Seminar F Generalized Hasse-Herbrand Navier-Stokes Equations with Data Analytic Only April 24 Functions F Isabel Leal, New York University near the Boundary F Fei Wang, University of Working Group on Geometric Applications of Maryland the Langlands Correspondence F Construction of Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Crystalline Companions I F Kiran Kedlaya, Theory F Applications to Iwasawa Theory of June 13 University of California, San Diego; Visiting Modular Forms F Shilin Lai, Princeton Scalar Curvature Seminar F Stability of the Professor, School of Mathematics University Spacetime Positive Mass Theorem in Spherical Symmetry F Marcus Khuri, Stony Brook April 25 University, The State University of New York F Venkatesh Working Group Symmetries of Cosmological Cauchy Horizons with Non-closed Orbits F Jim Isenberg, University

71 of Oregon F Symmetries of Cosmological Cauchy Senatore, Stanford University, and Victor October 18 Horizons with Non-closed Orbits F Jared Speck, Gorbenko, Member, School of Natural Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Gravitational Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sciences F Improving fNL Constraints with Velocity Lenses as High-Resolution Telescopes F Anna Field and Lensing Measurements F Moritz Barnacka, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Münchmeyer, Perimeter Institute for Astrophysics School of Natural Sciences Theoretical Physics F Action Principle and Vacuum Decay in General Relativity F Thomas October 22 Bachlechner, University of California, San Princeton University/Institute for Advanced ASTROPHYSICS ACTIVITIES Diego F A Real-Time Semiclassical Description of Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Vacuum Decay F Jonathan Braden, University Discussion F Cluster Mass Calibration with ACT September 6 College London F Intermittent Non-Gaussianity in and KiDS F Naomi Robertson, University of F Astrophysics Informal Seminar Three- Reheating F Andrei Frolov, Simon Fraser Oxford F Dimensional Cluster Lensing Charles Keeton, University F Beyond Stochastic Inflation during Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Classical Transverse Instabilities F J. Richard October 23 Bond, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton September 13 Astrophysics, University of Toronto University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F F Astrophysics Informal Seminar Formation of New Results in Tests of Gravity with Radio Pulsars F Black Hole Mergers in Dense Stellar Systems F Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Michael Kramer, Max-Planck-Institut für Johan Samsing, Princeton University University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Radioastronomie B-Modes from the Early Universe and the Milky September 18 Way F Raphael Flauger, University of October 25 Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton California, San Diego Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Searching for F University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium New Physics with Gravitational Waves F Victor Radiation-Dominated Black Hole Accretion Flows F September 27 Gorbenko, Member, School of Natural James Stone, Princeton University Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Harnessing Sciences Machine Learning to Study Stellar Feedback F September 20 Stella Offner, The University of Texas at November 1 F Astrophysics Informal Seminar A New Austin Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Simulations of Wavelength Window into Atmospheric Escape in Structure Formation Beyond CDM F Simeon Exoplanets F Antonija Oklopcic, Harvard- October 1 Bird, University of California, Riverside Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch November 5 September 24–25 Discussion F Massive Neutrinos Leave Fingerprints Princeton University/Institute for Advanced F Modern Inflation Cosmology-2018 dS/dS and on Cosmic Voids F Christina Kreisch, Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch ¯ F F TT Eva Silverstein, Stanford University Princeton University Discussion F An Astrometric Search Method for The Kreuzer-Skarke Axiverse F Liam Gravitational Waves with Arbitrary Polarization F McAllister, Cornell University Holography October 2 Modes Using Data from Gaia F Deyan and the Space of Inflationary Models F Daniel Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Mihaylov, University of Cambridge F Green, University of California, San Diego University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F The F Cosmological Correlators from the Boundary Dynamic Milky Way in the Gaia Era F Adrian November 6 Daniel Baumann, University of Amsterdam F Price-Whelan, Princeton University Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Cosmological Correlators and Scattering Amplitudes University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F from Combinational Geometry at Infinity F Nima October 4 Entering an Era of Precision Stellar Astrophysics (or, Arkani-Hamed, Professor, School of Natural Astrophysics Informal Seminar F DAVs: Red Fun with Stellar Radii) F Keivan Stassun, Sciences F F The Hyperinflation Attractor David Edge and Outbursts F Jing Luan, Member, Vanderbilt University Marsh, University of Cambridge F School of Natural Sciences Nonperturbative Potentials in Real Time F John November 8 , University of Amsterdam F Swampland, Stout October 9 Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Gravitational Emergence of Infinite Field Distances, and Inflation F Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Wave Data: Analysis Techniques and Future , Utrecht University F Is it Irene Valenzuela λ University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Prospects F Miriam Cabero Müller, Princeton or MPI? F Sergei Dubovsky, New York Imaging All the Sky All the Time in Search of Radio University University F Cosmological Aspects of a Shift Exoplanets F Gregg Hallinan, California Symmetry F Enrico Pajer, University of Institute of Technology November 13 Cambridge F Light Particles with Spin in Inflation F Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton , The Abdus Salam Paolo Creminelli October 11 University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Looking for Probing Behind the Man in the Moon: Results from Trieste, Italy F Double Soft Gravitons and Light Relics and Missing Baryons with Cosmological NASA’s GRAIL Mission F Jay Melosh, Asymptotic Symmetries F , Manhattan Bart Horn Data F Julián Muñoz, Harvard University Purdue University College F The Landscape, the Swampland, and the Era of Precision Cosmology F Andrei Linde, October 16 November 15 Stanford University F Planck 2018 and dS from Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Rare Views of 10d F Renata Kallosh, Stanford University F University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Galaxy Cluster Laboratories F Brenda Frye, The Uplifts and Flattening F Alexander Westphal, Proto-neutron Star Winds: Supernova Diversity, University of Arizona Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Magnetars, and Heavy Element Nucleosynthesis F Universität Hamburg F Topology of Cosmological Todd Thompson, The Ohio State University; November 19 Black Holes F Mehrdad Mirbabayi, The Junior Visiting Professor, School of Natural Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Abdus Salam International Centre for Sciences Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, and Stanford Discussion F Massive Neutrinos Leave Fingerprints University F \ 4 in de Sitter F Leonardo λ φ on Cosmic Voids F Marco Raveri, The

72 University of Chicago F Exploring a Novel Probe December 17 April 4 for Cosmology: Cosmic Voids F Elena Massara, Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Growing Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Field of Post-Main-Sequence Planetary System Institute Discussion F Neutrinos and Other Light Relics Science F Dimitri Veras, University of Beyond Their Masses F Benjamin Wallisch, Warwick November 20 Member, School of Natural Sciences Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton April 11 University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F The January 14 Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Planets Big and Dark History of the Early Universe: Seeking Imprints Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Small F Eve J. Lee, California Institute of of Dark Matter Interactions on the Cosmic Dawn F Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Technology Tracy Slatyer, Massachusetts Institute of Discussion F Weak Singularities in Large-Scale Technology; Junior Visiting Professor, School of Structure: Identification and Workaround F April 12 Natural Sciences Cornelius Rampf, Observatoire de la Cote Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Dynamics of d’Azur Planets Orbiting in the Alpha Centauri AB Stellar November 26 System F Jack Lissauer, Ames Research Princeton University/Institute for Advanced February 4 Center, National Aeronautics and Space Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Administration Discussion F Galaxy Clusters in the Dark Energy Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Survey F Tom McClintock, Brookhaven Discussion F Multiwavelength Confirmation of April 15 National Laboratory Unconfirmed Planck Clusters F Steven Boada, Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch November 27 Discussion F Are We Ready for Precision Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton February 13 Cosmology? General Relativistic Effects and Gauge- University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Astrophysics Informal Seminar F A Statistical Invariant Formalism F Jaiyul Yoo, Center for Kinematics of Circumgalactic Gas F Crystal Solution to the Chaotic, Nonhierarchical Three-Body Theoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology, Martin, University of California, Santa Barbara Problem F Nicholas C. Stone, Columbia Institute for Computational Science, Universität University Zürich F Investigating Galactic Thermal Dust November 29 Emission F Daniel Herman, University of Oslo Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Milky February 25 Way’s Stellar Streams and Its Galactic Bar F Sarah Princeton University/Institute for Advanced April 18 Pearson, Center for Computational Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Prophets of Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute Discussion F Clarifying the Hubble Constant Doom and the Doom of Prophecy: Long-Term Tension F Stephen Feeney, Center for Planetesimal Dynamics in the Solar System F December 3 Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute William Isaac Newman, University of Princeton University/Institute for Advanced California, Los Angeles; Member, School of Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch February 28 Natural Sciences Discussion F Gas Contents in the Low-Z Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Dense Regions Universe F Seunghwan Lim, University of in Supersonic Isothermal Turbulence F Brant April 25 Massachusetts Robertson, University of California, Santa Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Time-Domain Cruz; Junior Visiting Professor, School of Approaches to Investigating the Tension in H0 F December 4 Natural Sciences Danny Goldstein, California Institute of Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Technology University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F On March 7 the Origin of Life: Major Hurdles on the Path from Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Halometry from April 29 Organic Chemistry to Biochemistry F Andrei Astrometry F Ken Van Tilburg, New York Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Lupas, Max-Planck-Institut für University; Member, School of Natural Sciences Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Entwicklungsbiologie Discussion F Inhomogeneous Initial Conditions and March 14 the Start of Inflation F Patrick John December 6 Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Conversion Fitzpatrick, Massachusetts Institute of Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Lyman Measure of Faraday Rotation-Conversion with FRB Technology Alpha Forest, DLAs, and Other Absorption Systems Applications F Andrei Gruzinov, New York as Tracers of Large-Scale Structure F Jordi University May 2 Miralda-Escude, Universitat de Barcelona; Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Black Hole Member, School of Natural Sciences March 21 Shadow in the M87 Galaxy F Dimitrios Psaltis, Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Black Hole Steward Observatory, The University of December 11 Accretion F Charles Gammie, University of Arizona Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F May 3 Machine Learning for the Universe: Steps Towards March 28 Astrophysics Informal Seminar F MUSE and Opening the Black Box F Shirley Ho, Center for Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Signatures of the GRAVITY F Tim de Zeeuw, Sterrewacht Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute Early Universe in the BAO Spectrum F Benjamin Leiden; Max-Planck-Institut für Wallisch, Member, School of Natural Sciences Extraterrestrische Physik December 13 Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Minimoons to April 1 May 9 Planet X: Mapping Solar System Populations with Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Unfolding the ZTF and LSST F Mario Jurić, University of Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Dynamical and Colorful Lives of Neutron Star Washington Discussion F The Universe as Seen through a Pulsar Mergers F Wen-fai Fong, Northwestern Timing Array F Tristan Smith, Swarthmore University College

73 May 13 September 19 October 31 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Physics Group Meeting F Discussion on the OPE Physics Group Meeting F Relative Entropy and Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Inversion Formula and Related Topics F Petr Energy Conditions in QFT F Nima Lashkari, Discussion F The Neutrino Puzzle: Anomalies, Kravchuk, Member, School of Natural Member, School of Natural Sciences Interactions, and Cosmological Tensions F Christina Sciences Kreisch, Princeton University November 2 September 21 High Energy Theory Seminar F TT ¯ Deformation May 14 High Energy Theory Seminar F d-dimensional and Topological Gravity F Victor Gorbenko, Astrophysics Informal Seminar F What Can We SYK, AdS Loops, and 6j Symbols F Vladimir Member, School of Natural Sciences Expect from SRG/eRosita and ART-XC/and Rosenhaus, Member, School of Natural Ground-Based Microwave Telescopes Sky Surveys F Sciences November 7 Rashid Sunyaev, Max-Planck-Institute für Physics Group Meeting F Boundary Entropy in Astrophysik; Distinguished Visiting Professor, September 26 Integrable QFTs F Shota Komatsu, Member, School of Natural Sciences Physics Group Meeting F TT ¯ Deformation F School of Natural Sciences Shu-Heng Shao, Long-term Member, School May 16 of Natural Sciences November 12 Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Probing Dark High Energy Theory Seminar F Energy is Energy with CHIME F Richard Shaw, The October 1 Entanglement F Arvin Shahbazi University of British Columbia High Energy Theory Seminar F Entanglement Moghaddam, University of California, Branes and Extended Topological Quantum Field Berkeley May 23 Theory F William Donnelly, Perimeter Astrophysics Informal Seminar F New Institute for Theoretical Physics November 14 Opportunities with Future CMB Observations F Physics Group Meeting F Nonsupersymmetric Joel Meyers, Southern Methodist University October 10 D-branes F Edward Witten, Charles Simonyi Physics Group Meeting F Review of the KKLT Professor, School of Natural Sciences May 30 Construction of de-Sitter Vacua of String Theory F Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Black Hole Spin Juan Maldacena, Carl P. Feinberg Professor, November 16 Misalignments in Microquasars F Greg Salvesen, School of Natural Sciences High Energy Theory Seminar F M-theory in 4d, University of California, Santa Barbara N=1 Superspace F Katrin Becker, Texas A&M Informal Physics Discussion F Lorentz Covariant University; Member, School of Natural Sciences June 3 Theories with Causality Violation F Harvey Reall, Princeton University/Institute for Advanced University of Cambridge November 26 Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch High Energy Theory Seminar F Stringy Discussion F Cosmology with Cosmic Voids: Status October 11 ER=EPR F Daniel Jafferis, Harvard and Recent Results F Alice Pisani, Princeton Informal High Energy Theory Seminar F Weak University University Gravity Conjecture from Black Hole Entropy F Grant Remmen, University of California, November 28 June 10 Berkeley Physics Group Meeting F Mapping the Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Swampland F Thomas Rudelius, Member, Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch October 15 School of Natural Sciences Discussion F Quasi-isotropic Cycles and Bounces in High Energy Theory Seminar F Tree Amplitudes a Mixmaster Cosmology F Chandrima for Some Supersymmetric Theories in Six November 30 Ganguly, Dartmouth College Dimensions F John Schwarz, California High Energy Theory Seminar F Falling Toward Institute of Technology Charged Black Holes F Ying Zhao, Member, June 20 School of Natural Sciences Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Scientific October 17 Potential of Third-Generation Gravitational Wave Physics Group Meeting F Soft Particles and December 4–5 Detectors F Salvatore Vitale, Massachusetts Symmetry F Daniel Steven Kapec, Member, Quantum Information and the Structure of Institute of Technology School of Natural Sciences Spacetime Workshop F Flat Entanglement Spectra in Fixed-Area Eigenstates of Quantum Gravity F October 19 Don Marolf, University of California, Santa HIGH ENERGY THEORY High Energy Theory Seminar F Continuous Barbara F Entanglement Entropy Relations via ACTIVITIES 2-group Symmetry of 6d N=(1,0) LST and Holography F Veronika Hubeny, University of T-dualities F Kantaro Ohmori, Member, California, Davis F Entanglement as a Connection September 12 School of Natural Sciences for Holographic Spacetimes F Lampros Physics Group Meeting F Introduction to Lamprou, Massachusetts Institute of F “Fractons” and the Haah Code Brian Swingle, October 24 Technology F Scrambling Time and Causal University of Maryland; Junior Visiting Physics Group Meeting F Information Geometry Structure in a Schwarzchild Black Hole F Peter Professor, School of Natural Sciences and Machine Learning as Tools for Phenomenology F Shor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology F Kyle Cranmer, New York University; Junior A Toy Model of the Information Paradox in Empty September 17 Visiting Professor, School of Natural Sciences Space F Suvrat Raju, International Centre for F High Energy Theory Seminar Higher-Form Theoretical Sciences, Bangalore, India F Symmetries in Magnetohydrodynamics, Effective Field October 29 Nonperturbative Effects in Jackiw-Teitelboim F Theory, and Holography Saso Grozdanov, High Energy Theory Seminar F The Chiral Gravity F Phil Saad, Stanford University F Massachusetts Institute of Technology Algebra Program for 4d Superconformal Field Symmetry in QFT and Gravity F Hirosi Ooguri, Theories F Leonardo Rastelli, Stony Brook Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, University, The State University of New York California Institute of Technology, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the

74 Universe, The University of Tokyo F Open February 25 April 19 Strings on the Rindler Horizon F Edward High Energy Theory Seminar F Twisted High Energy Theory Seminar F Anyonic-String/ Witten, Charles Simonyi Professor, School of Holography for the N=4 Chiral Algebra F Kevin Brane Träumerei: Quantum 4d Yang-Mills Gauge Natural Sciences F Comments about TT ¯ and Costello, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Theories and Time-Reversal Symmetric 5d TQFT F SYK F Herman Verlinde, Princeton Physics Juven Chun-Fan Wang, Member, School of University F Quantum Chaos and Effective Field Natural Sciences TheoryF Felix Haehl, The University of British February 27 Columbia F Recovering the QNEC from the Physics Group Meeting F 6d Spinor-Helicity and April 24 ANEC F Thomas Faulkner, University of Superamplitudes F Yvonne Geyer, Member, Physics Group Meeting F The Current State of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign F Black Hole School of Natural Sciences Gravitational Wave Searches with LIGO/VIRGO F Entropy and Soft Hair F Andrew Strominger, Matias Zaldarriaga, Professor, School of Harvard University F Entanglement Wedge March 4 Natural Sciences Reconstruction and the Hayden-Preskill Protocol F High Energy Theory Seminar F The Fuzzball Ahmed Almheiri, Member, School of Natural Paradigm for Black Holes and Its Possible Implications April 26 Sciences F Constraining Correlation Functions Using for Cosmology F Samir Mathur, The Ohio State High Energy Theory Seminar F Anomalies in the Modular Theory F Nima Lashkari, Member, University Space of Couplings and Dynamical Applications F School of Natural Sciences Clay Cordova, Long-term Member, School of March 13 Natural Sciences December 10 Physics Group Meeting F Formation of Compact High Energy Theory Seminar F ’t Hooft Structures with Axion Dark Matter F Ken Van April 29 Anomalies, High-T, and Low-T Domain Walls in Tilburg, New York University; Member, High Energy Theory Seminar F Globally Adjoint Fermion Theories with (or without) School of Natural Sciences Consistent Three-Family Standard Models in Supersymmetry F Erich Poppitz, University of F-Theory F Mirjam Cvetic, University of Toronto March 18 Pennsylvania High Energy Theory Seminar F The Interior of December 12 Dynamic Vacuum Black Holes and the Strong Cosmic May 15 Physics Group Meeting F Introduction to Four- Censorship Conjecture in General Relativity F Physics Group Meeting F Two Important Dimensional Chern-Simons Theory F Masahito Mihalis Dafermos, Princeton University Milestones in the History of the Universe: The Last Yamazaki, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Scattering Surface, the Black Body Photosphere of the Mathematics of the Universe, The University of March 20 Universe, and Distortions of the CMB Spectrum F Tokyo Physics Group Meeting F Aspects of One-Matrix Rashid Sunyaev, Max-Planck-Institute für Integrals F Douglas Stanford, Long-term Astrophysik and Space Research Institute, December 14 Member, School of Natural Sciences Moscow; Distinguished Visiting Professor, High Energy Theory Seminar F Higgs Parity, School of Natural Sciences Strong CP Problem, and Unification F Keisuke March 22 Harigaya, Member, School of Natural Sciences High Energy Theory Seminar F Nonperturbative June 4 and Doubly Nonperturbative Effects in JT Gravity F Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation Seminar F December 19 Douglas Stanford, Long-term Member, Challenging the Pauli Exclusion Principle by Hunting Physics Group Meeting F Elementary Positive School of Natural Sciences “Impossible” Atoms in the Cosmic Silence F Geometry of Causal Diamonds, Particles, and Catalina Oana Curceanu, Laboratori Strings F Nima Arkani-Hamed, Professor, March 27 Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica School of Natural Sciences Physics Group Meeting F Supersymmetry, Self- Nucleare Force, and the Swampland F Thomas Rudelius, January 28 Member, School of Natural Sciences June 5 High Energy Theory Seminar F Under Physics Group Meeting F Geometric Extremization Construction: A Progress Report on a Theory of April 1 for Supersymmetric AdS3 and AdS2 Solutions F SUSY Representations F S. James Gates, Jr., High Energy Theory Seminar F The Kreuzer- Jerome Gauntlett, Imperial College London Brown University Skarke Axiverse F Liam McAllister, Cornell University June 7 January 30 Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation Seminar F Physics Group Meeting F Light-Ray Operators in April 3 Testing Collapse Models Underground by Searching CFT F Petr Kravchuk, Member, School of Informal High Energy Theory Seminar F Some the Spontaneous Radiation (How To Go from “To Natural Sciences Arithmetic Path Integrals F Minhyong Kim, Be AND Not To Be” to “To Be OR Not To Be”) F University of Oxford Catalina Oana Curceanu, Laboratori February 6 Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Physics Group Meeting F Recovering the QNEC April 5 Nucleare from the ANEC F Nima Lashkari, Member, High Energy Theory Seminar F Hydrodynamic School of Natural Sciences Charge Transport: Fluctuating Stripes and June 12 Magnetophonons F Anna Karlsson, Member, Physics Group Meeting F The Entanglement February 8 School of Natural Sciences Wedge of an Evaporating Black Hole F Ahmed High Energy Theory Seminar F Gauge Theories Almheiri, Member, School of Natural Sciences for the Cuprates Near Optimal Doping F Subir April 15 Sachdev, Harvard University High Energy Theory Seminar F Quantum Epidemiology: Operator Growth, Thermal Effects, February 22 and SYK F Alexandre Streicher, University High Energy Theory Seminar F Bridging the Gap of California, Santa Barbara between Lattice Models and TQFT F Michael Levin, The University of Chicago

75 THE SIMONS CENTER FOR April 9 Emeritus, School of Natural Sciences; Ake SYSTEMS BIOLOGY ACTIVITIES The Simons Center for Systems Biology T. Lu, University of California Los Angeles; Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Marta Łuksza, Mount Sinai; Rémi Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Rogier Monasson, Centre National de la Recherche September 10 Braakman, Massachusetts Institute of Scientifique;Nick Patterson, Broad Institute; Joint Laboratory Meeting F Spectrum and Technology Joshua Rabinowitz, Princeton University; Mutational Landscape of LFS Tumors F Chang Raúl Rabadán, Columbia University; R. Clay Chan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey April 10 Reid, Allen Institute for Brain Science; Harlan The Simons Center for Systems Biology Robins, Adaptive Biotechnologies; Michael October 23 Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Rosbash, Brandeis University; Thomas E. Convergence Cancer Research Meeting F Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Clement Shenk, Princeton University; David Ting, Ecology of the Tumor Microenvironment F Peter Mouhot, University of Cambridge Harvard Medical School; Olga Troyanskaya, Lee, City of Hope F Using RNA Seq to Study Princeton University; Jedd D. Wolchok, Tumor Evolution F Mickey Atwal, Cold Spring April 11 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Harbor Laboratory F Neoadjuvant Treatment to Governor’s Conference on Effective Partnering Charles Zuker, Columbia University Drive in Situ Vaccination in Breast Cancers F in Cancer Research F Utilizing the Totality of Nitasha Bennett, Massachusetts Institute of Mutagenesis for Clinical Purposes F Serena Nik- Technology F Zainal, University of Cambridge F Connecting School of Social Science TCRs to Antigens F Harlan Robins, Fred October 29 Hutchinson Cancer Research Center F Immune The Simons Center for Systems Biology Interactions Predict Cancer Evolution F Marta September 14 Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Łuksza, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Social Science Orientation Session Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Scaling Law of Sinai F Specificity in Natural and Synthetic Protein F Social Science Welcome Party Human Memory Recall F Misha Tsodyks, Circuits Michael B. Elowitz, California Weizmann Institute of Science Institute of Technology F Probing Metabolic Heterogeneity in Tumors Using Imaging Mass September 17 November 2 Spectrometry F Shawn M. Davidson, Social Science Seminar F Crisis and Critique: A Discourse on the Method F , James Joint Laboratory Meeting on p53 F Mutant p53 Princeton University Didier Fassin Protein Accumulation Promoted by MDM2 Isoforms D. Wolfensohn Professor, School of Social Science and BAG Proteins in Cancer F Zhaohui Feng, June 19 Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey The Simons Center for Systems Biology Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ September 24 December 14 Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Self-Assembly Social Science Seminar F The Role of The Simons Center for Systems Biology of Multivalent Droplets F Jasna Brujic, New Troublemakers in Times of Crisis F Dieter Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ York University Thomä, Universität St. Gallen; Member, School of Social Science Quantitative Aspects of Biology F To Catch and Reverse a Quantum Jump Mid-flight F Michel June 25 Devoret, Yale University Convergence Cancer Research Meeting F September 26 Computational Analysis of the Role and Crisis and Critique Seminar F Introductory January 9 Transcriptional Landscape of Nonimmune Stroma in Session I Convergence Cancer Research Meeting F Deep the Progression of Breast Tumor Microenvironment F Learning of the Immune Synapse F John-William Mickey Atwal, Cold Spring Harbor October 1 Sidhom, Johns Hopkins University Laboratory F Fractal Dimension, Occupancy, and Social Science Seminar F The Party of Which Hotspot Analyses of B Cell Spatial Distribution in People?: The Evolution of the Democrats from Jackson January 11 Breast Cancer F Claire Yu, University of to Obama F Michael Kazin, Georgetown F University; Member, School of Social Science Joint Laboratory Meeting F Sexual Dimorphism of California, Irvine The Spatial Profile of CD8⁺ SNPs in the Human Population F Katya T Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer F Xuefei Khramatsova, The University of Chicago Li, Rice University F Combination Therapies October 8 Using Ivermectin Targeting Multiple Components of Social Science Seminar F Security Crises: February 7 the Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment F Peter Populism, Nationalism, and Threats to Democracy in The Simons Center for Systems Biology Lee, City of Hope Europe F Mabel Berezin, Cornell University; Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Member, School of Social Science Quantitative Aspects of Biology F TOPIC: Prospects in Theoretical Physics 2019 F Great Microbial Communities, Evolution without Species, Problems in Biology for Physicists F Organizers October 9 Crisis and Critique Film Series F Inside Job, etc. F Mikhail Tikhonov, Washington and lecturers: Uri Alon, Weizmann Institute University in St. Louis of Science; Regina Barzilay, Massachusetts directed by Charles Ferguson; post-screening Institute of Technology; Shelley Berger, discussion led by Clara Elisabetta Mattei, March 1 University of Pennsylvania; Ed Boyden, The New School; Member, School of Social Science Joint Laboratory Meeting F Applying Methods of Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Curtis Random Matrix Theory to De-noising Biological Callan, Princeton University; Director’s Data F Raúl Rabadán, Columbia University Visitor; Navdeep S. Chandel, Northwestern October 10 University; Shawn M. Davidson, Princeton Crisis and Critique Seminar F Introductory March 6 University; Michael M. Desai, Harvard Session II Joint Laboratory Meeting F Mutant p53 Activates University; Stephen P. Goff, Columbia Small GTPase Rac1 as a Novel Mechanism to University; Benjamin Greenbaum, Mount Promote Tumorigenesis F Wenwei Hu, Rutgers Sinai; Clyde A. Hutchison, III, J. Craig Cancer Institute of New Jersey Venter Institute; Edo Kussell, New York University; Titia de Lange, Rockefeller University; Arnold J. Levine, Professor

76 October 15 November 12 January 23 Social Science Seminar F From Slavery to Social Science Seminar F Publicity, Violence, and Crisis and Critique Seminar F Two Views on Precarity? African Labor History and the History of Technological Mediation F Hector Amaya, Social Criticism F Curated by Eva Illouz, Centre Work in Africa since the Late Nineteenth Century F University of Virginia; Member, School of de Sociologie Européenne, Paris, and École des Andreas Eckert, Humboldt-Universität zu Social Science Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris, Berlin; Member, School of Social Science Rahel Jaeggi, Humboldt-Universität zu November 14 Berlin, and Dieter Thomä, Universität St. October 17 Colonial Crisis and Anti-colonial Critique F Gallen; Members, School of Social Science Colonial Crisis and Anti-colonial Critique F Critical Conversation led by Robin Celikates, Planning Meeting organized by Beshara University of Amsterdam; Member, School of January 28 Doumani, Brown University; Member, School Social Science Conversation on the Yellow Vests F Discussion of Social Science organized by Didier Fassin, James D. November 19 Wolfensohn Professor, School of Social Science, October 19 Social Science Seminar F Environment: A Sophie Wahnich, Centre National de la Academic Mixer, sponsored jointly by the Disastrous History of the Hydrocarbon Present F Recherche Scientifique and École des Hautes Schools of Social Science and Historical Studies David Bond, Bennington College; Member, Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris; Member, School of Social Science School of Social Science, and Anne-Claire October 22 Defossez, Visitor, School of Social Science Social Science Seminar F The Power Logic of November 20 Justice in China F Ji Li, Rutgers Law School; Crisis and Critique Seminar F The Environmental Social Science Seminar F Democratizing Member, School of Social Science Crisis F Session curated by David Bond, Disobedience: Outline of a Critical Theory of Bennington College, and Daniel Aldana Protest F Robin Celikates, University of October 24 Cohen, University of Pennsylvania; Members, Amsterdam; Member, School of Social Science Crisis and Critique Seminar F Colonial Crisis and School of Social Science Anti-colonial Critique F Session curated by February 4 Hector Amaya, University of Virginia, and November 26 Social Science Seminar F Islam: Three Beshara Doumani, Brown University; Social Science Seminar F Democracy and the Genealogies F Murad Idris, University of Members, School of Social Science Division of Labor: Outline of a Research Project F Virginia; Member, School of Social Science Axel Honneth, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt October 29 and Columbia University; Distinguished February 5 Social Science Seminar F The Dictatorship of Visiting Professor, School of Social Science Crisis and Critique Film Series F Snowpiercer, Capital: Urban Redevelopment and the Question of directed by Bong Joon-Ho; post-screening Violence in Post-authoritarian South Korea F Hae November 28 discussion led by David Bond, Bennington Yeon Choo, University of Toronto; Member, Colonial Crisis and Anti-colonial Critique F College, and Daniel Aldana Cohen, School of Social Science Critical Conversation led by Jessica University of Pennsylvania; Members, School of Winegar, Northwestern University; Member, Social Science October 31 School of Social Science Critical Conversations F Introductory Meeting February 6 December 3 Crisis and Critique Seminar F Legitimation November 5 Social Science Seminar F Crisis, Critique, and Crisis F Curated by Didier Fassin, James D. Social Science Seminar F Inequality, Empathy Social Change: Towards a Normative-Materialistic Wolfensohn Professor, School of Social Science, Gulfs, and Social Critique F Martin Hartmann, Conception F Rahel Jaeggi, Humboldt- and Axel Honneth, Goethe-Universität Universität Luzern; Member, School of Social Universität zu Berlin; Member, School of Social Frankfurt and Columbia University; Science Science Distinguished Visiting Professor, School of Social Science November 7 December 5 Crisis and Critique Seminar F Political Crises and Crisis and Critique Seminar F Hospitality F February 11 Street Politics as Critique F Session curated Session curated by Anne McNevin, The New Social Science Seminar F In Face of Crisis, by Robin Celikates, University of School; Sophie Wahnich, Centre National de Responsibility of Human and Social Sciences: A Amsterdam, and Jessica Winegar, la Recherche Scientifique and École des Hautes Detour by Way of the Eighteenth Century and the Northwestern University; Members, School of Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris; and Greta French Revolution F Sophie Wahnich, Centre Social Science Wagner, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; National de la Recherche Scientifique and École Members, School of Social Science des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris; Crisis and Critique Film Series F Clash, directed Member, School of Social Science by Mohamed Diab; post-screening discussion Crisis and Critique Film Series F A Touch of Sin, led by Munira Khayyat, The American directed by Jia Zhang-ke; post-screening February 13 University in Cairo, and Jessica Winegar, discussion led by Rowena Xiaoqing He, Saint Colonial Crisis and Anti-colonial Critique F Northwestern University; Members, School of Michael’s College, and Ji Li, Rutgers Law Critical Conversation led by Denise Brennan, Social Science School; Members, School of Social Science Georgetown University, and Michael Kazin, Georgetown University; Members, School of November 9–10 December 10 Social Science The Social Sciences in a Changing World Social Science Seminar F Uncertainty, Crisis, and Workshop F Organized by George Negative Relationships F Eva Illouz, Centre de February 25 Steinmetz, University of Michigan, and Sociologie Européenne, Paris, and École des Social Science Seminar F Capitalism and Crisis: Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Professor, Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris; On the Origins and Rationality of Austerity F Clara School of Social Science Member, School of Social Science Elisabetta Mattei, The New School; Member, School of Social Science

77 February 27 April 1 May 6 Crisis and Critique Seminar F Collective Volume Social Science Seminar F “Look at the Stones”: Social Science Seminar F The Life of War: Discussion Towards a Modern History of the Palestinians F Ecologies of Resistance and Survival F Munira Beshara Doumani, Brown University; Khayyat, The American University in Cairo; February 28 Member, School of Social Science Member, School of Social Science Colonial Crisis and Anti-colonial Critique F Critical Conversation led by Beshara April 3 May 8 Doumani, Brown University; Member, School Crisis and Critique Film Series F Timbuktu, Colonial Crisis and Anti-colonial Critique F of Social Science directed by Abderrahmane Sissako; post- Critical Conversation led by Hae Yeon Choo, screening discussion led by Andreas Eckert, University of Toronto; Member, School of March 4 Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Member, Social Science Social Science Seminar F Implicated: World- School of Social Science Making and Border Politics F Anne McNevin, May 13 The New School; Member, School of Social April 8 Social Science Seminar F An Intellectual and Science Social Science Seminar F Follow the Carbon: Political History of Urban Poverty in Uruguay (1943– Climate Change and Inequality in the Twenty-First- 2010): A Global History from a Local Perspective F March 6 Century City F Daniel Aldana Cohen, Aldo Marchesi, Universidad de la República, Crisis and Critique Seminar F Moral Economy F University of Pennsylvania; Member, School of Uruguay; Member, School of Social Science Curated by Didier Fassin, James D. Social Science Wolfensohn Professor, School of Social Science May 15 April 9 Crisis and Critique Seminar F Collective Volume Crisis and Critique Film Series F Fire at Sea, Crisis and Critique Seminar F Black Radicalism F Discussion directed by Gianfranco Rosi; post-screening Charles W. Mills, The Graduate Center, The discussion led by Anne McNevin, The New City University of New York May 27–June 1 School, and Greta Wagner, Goethe- Summer Program in Social Science Session in Universität Frankfurt; Members, School of April 10 Bogotá, Colombia F Organized by Didier Social Science Colonial Crisis and Anti-colonial Critique F Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Professor, School Critical Conversation led by David Bond, of Social Science, and Mara Viveros Vigoya, March 11 Bennington College; Member, School of Social Universidad Nacional de Colombia Social Science Seminar F Aesthetics, Politics, and Science Revolution in Egypt F Jessica Winegar, June 3–9 Northwestern University; Member, School of April 15 Summer Program in Social Science Session in Social Science Social Science Seminar F China since Tiananmen: Johannesburg, South Africa F Organized by History, Memory, and Nationalism F Rowena Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Professor, March 13 Xiaoqing He, Saint Michael’s College; School of Social Science, and Sarah Nuttall, Colonial Crisis and Anti-colonial Critique F Member, School of Social Science University of the Witwatersrand Critical Conversation led by Munira Khayyat, The American University in Cairo; Member, April 18 School of Social Science Crisis and Critique Seminar F Collective Volume Director’s Office Discussion March 18 Social Science Seminar F Viral Populism: April 22 September 24 Antisemitism, Islamophobia, and the Refugee Crisis F Social Science Seminar F Helping Refugees: The Member Welcome Reception Dorian Bell, University of California, Santa Moral Economy of Volunteers in Rural Germany F Cruz; Member, School of Social Science Greta Wagner, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; September 29 Member, School of Social Science Member Family Barbeque March 20 Crisis and Critique Seminar F Black Radicalism F April 24 October 2 Curated by Robin Celikates, University of Colonial Crisis and Anti-colonial Critique F Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert F Amsterdam, Hae Yeon Choo, University of Critical Conversation led by Rodrigo Daniel Rowland, Maja Bogdanović Toronto, Anne McNevin, The New School, Cordero, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago; and Jessica Winegar, Northwestern Member, School of Social Science October 10 University; Members, School of Social Science Impact of the Past Lecture F Applying History April 29 in Real Time: A Tale of Two Crises F Niall March 25 Social Science Seminar F Confronting Carceral Ferguson, Stanford University Social Science Seminar F Giving Society a Form: State-Making: Undocumented Life in the Era of Mass Authoritarian Traces, Neoliberal Threads, and the Deportation F Denise Brennan, Georgetown October 12 Force of Concepts F Rodrigo Cordero, University; Member, School of Social Science Friends Talk F Uncovering 80 Years of Research Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago; Member, into the Near and Middle East at the Institute School of Social Science May 1 for Advanced Study F Sabine Schmidtke, Crisis and Critique Seminar F Collective Volume Professor, School of Historical Studies March 27 Discussion Colonial Crisis and Anti-colonial Critique F October 17 Critical Conversation led by Chitralekha Crisis and Critique Film Series F Searching for Lin Friends Dessert with a Member F How to Test Dhamija, Jawaharlal Nehru University; Visitor, Zhao’s Soul, directed by Hu Jie F Post-screening String Theory F Thomas Rudelius, Member, School of Social Science discussion led by filmmakerHu Jie School of Natural Sciences

78 October 19 February 6 April 7 Edward T. Cone Concert Series F Vox Impact of the Past Lecture F China’s Past in Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert F Clamantis Choir its Present and Future: War and the Making of a Chamber Music for Winds New Order in Asia, 1937 to the Present F Rana October 20 Mitter, University of Oxford April 12 Edward T. Cone Concert Series and Talk F Vox Friends Lunch with a Member F Reinterpreting Clamantis Choir February 8 Political Violence in 20th-Century Europe: A Friends Talk F What is Gravitas? The Feminist Comparative Perspective F Julian Casanova, October 26 Quest for Inclusivity in the Arts F Judy Brodsky, Universidad de Zaragoza; Member, School of Public Lecture F Genes, Patents, and Race: The Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey; and Historical Studies History of Science as a Bridge Between Disciplines F Ferris Olin, Rutgers, the State University of Myles W. Jackson, Professor, School of New Jersey Author’s Talk F Louisa Hall in Conversation with Historical Studies; and Arnold J. Levine, Pia de Jong—A Portrait of J. Robert Oppenheimer: Professor Emeritus, School of Natural Sciences February 22 Icon and Enigma F Louisa Hall and Pia de Jong Friends Lunch with a Member F Reading Ibn November 2 Tufayl in the Modern Middle East: Philosophy, April 25 Impact of the Past Lecture F Policing the Past: The Colonialism, and Political Fantasies F Murad A Conversation on the Intersection of Music, CIA and the Landscape of Secrecy F Richard J. Idris, University of Virginia; Member, School Architecture, and Design F Gustavo Dudamel Aldrich, University of Warwick of Social Science and Frank Gehry

November 4 Public Workshop F Deep Learning: Alchemy Member End of Term Party Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert F or Science? F Michael Collins, Columbia Basia Danilow and Colleagues University; Yann LeCun, New York April 26 University; Joelle Pineau, McGill University; Remembering Irving Lavin 1927–2019 November 9 Zachary Lipton, Carnegie Mellon University; AMIAS Public Lecture F Jerusalem in Biblical and Shai Shalev-Shwartz, Hebrew May 3 Times: Comments on the Archaeology and History University of Jerusalem Public Lecture F Inward Bound: Discovering and ca. 1350–100 B.C.E. F Israel Finkelstein, Tel Exploring the Milky Way’s Black Hole F Scott Aviv University March 8 Tremaine, Richard Black Professor, School of Edward T. Cone Concert Series F Paul Lazar Natural Sciences November 16 and Sandbox Percussion Friends Lunch with a Member F Our Magnetic May 4 Milky Way F Susan E. Clark, Member, School March 9 Public Lecture F The Power of Self-Learning of Natural Sciences Edward T. Cone Concert Series and Talk F Systems F Demis Hassabis, DeepMind Paul Lazar and Sandbox Percussion November 30 May 8 Edward T. Cone Concert Series F Zoë Keating March 14 Friends Public Lecture F Critique of Punitive IAS Einstein Gala Reason F Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn December 1 Professor, School of Social Science Edward T. Cone Concert Series and Talk F Zoë March 15 Keating Friends Lunch with a Member F Landscapes of St. May 15 Gregory: Toward an Ecoarthistory of Medieval Italy F Friends Talk F Nuclear Weapons Policy in the Age December 6 Alison Locke Perchuk, The California State of Putin and Xi F Walter B. Slocombe, Under Friends Breakfast with a Member F Does University, Channel Islands; Member, School of Secretary of Defense for Policy (1994–2001) Socialism Have a Future in the United States—or Historical Studies Anywhere? F Michael Kazin, Georgetown May 29 University; Member, School of Social Science March 17 Public Workshop F The Universe Speaks in Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert F Numbers F Nima Arkani-Hamed, Professor, December 20 Verona Quartet School of Natural Sciences; Kyle Cranmer, Institute Community Holiday Party New York University; Junior Visiting Professor, March 19 School of Natural Sciences; Freeman January 11 Reception for Karen Uhlenbeck in Honor of Dyson, Professor Emeritus, School of Natural Friends Lunch with a Member F Deep Learning: Her Abel Prize Sciences; Graham Farmelo, Director’s A Scientific Perspective F Nadav Cohen, Visitor; Thomas Lam, von Neumann Fellow, Member, School of Mathematics March 20 School of Mathematics; Gregory Moore, Friends Talk F A Party for Which People? The Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey; February 1 Democrats from Andrew Jackson to Barack Obama Karen Uhlenbeck, Visiting Professor, School Edward T. Cone Concert Series F Nicholas and Beyond F Michael Kazin, Georgetown of Mathematics; Edward Witten, Charles Phan University; Member, School of Social Science Simonyi Professor in the School of Natural Sciences; Natalie Wolchover; and Robbert February 2 March 27 Dijkgraaf, Director and Leon Levy Professor. Edward T. Cone Concert Series and Talk F Impact of the Past Lecture F Brexit: “Jolly Old Nicholas Phan Storm Clouds,” Britain and Europe, 1919–2019 F May 30 Patricia Clavin, University of Oxford Friends Annual Meeting and Picnic

April 4 May 31–June 1 S.T. Lee Public Lecture F Stalin at War F Honoring the Life and Work of Jean Bourgain Stephen Kotkin, Princeton University

79 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ( for the year ended June 30, 2019)

Each year researchers from around the world come to the Institute for Advanced Study to interact, explore, take risks, share, build, and discover. This is only possible with the vision and support of a worldwide network of philanthropists. We thank our donors for their contributions. In Fiscal Year 2018–19, new commitments to the endowment and IAS Fund totaled more than $13 million.

$100,000+ $50,000+

Anonymous Alex and Diviya Magaro Afsaneh and Michael Beschloss Air Force Office of Scientific Research The Ambrose Monell Foundation Carnegie Corporation of New York The Paul G. Allen Family Foundation/ Sudha and Narayana Murthy The Column Group The Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group National Aeronautics and Space at the request of Peter Svennilson Dr. and Ms. Michael Bershadsky/The Administration Stephen Della Pietra and Bershadsky Fund National Endowment for the Humanities Pamela Hurst-Della Pietra Peter Brown and Margaret Hamburg National Institutes of Health Kenneth C. Griffin Centro de Estudios Europa Hispánica through a sub-award from Columbia Sonia and Paul Jones S. S. Chern Foundation for Mathematical University Gerard B. Lambert Foundation Research National Science Foundation Leonard and Judy Lauder Fund of Fidelity Ashvin B. Chhabra and Nelson Family Foundation Charitable Daniela Bonafede-Chhabra Jonathan Nelson and Maya Stendhal Marsha and Henry Laufer Martin A. Chooljian and Family Stavros Niarchos Foundation David Li Kwok-Po Charitable Foundation Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss John A. and Laura Overdeck Limited Vincent Della Pietra and Barbara Amonson Nancy B. Peretsman and Robert W. Scully Nancy and Duncan MacMillan Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. and David M. Rubenstein David F. Marquardt Annette L. Nazareth Eric Schmidt Annette Merle-Smith Luisa and Robert Fernholz Simons Foundation Microsoft Corporation Goldman Sachs Gives Charles and Lisa Simonyi Fund for Arts Sandra E. Peterson at the request of R. Martin Chavez and Sciences Jörn Rausing The Griffin-Cole Fund Charles and Lisa Simonyi Pilar Crespi Robert and Stephen Robert Mark Heising and Elizabeth Simons Space Telescope Science Institute The Seligsohn Foundation Heising-Simons Foundation The Ruth Stanton Foundation in memory of Jonathan Raphael Seligsohn and John and Maureen Hendricks Charitable Peter Svennilson Marsha Elaine Zebin AND Sherwin Foundation Seligsohn in loving memory of Frances and Tang Research Foundation Gerda Henkel Stiftung Samuel Seligsohn and Stanton L. Seligsohn Karen Uhlenbeck and Bob Williams † Robert and Charlotte Langlands Grace Marmor Spruch United States Air Force Research in memory of Larry Spruch Dr. and Mrs. Spiro J. Latsis Laboratory Tiger Global Management, LLC Jeanette Lerman-Neubauer and through a sub-award from Carnegie Mellon Merryl and James Tisch Joseph Neubauer University LUI Che Woo Prize Limited United States Department of Energy Zierk Family Foundation in honor of Sir James and Elaine Wolfensohn

Left: Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study have many opportunities to interact with the Institute’s distinguished Faculty and Members, like Alison Perchuk (right), Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member in the School of Historical Studies. Center: Charles Simonyi (left) and Robbert Dijkgraaf (right) present Jim Simons (center) with the inaugural IAS Bamberger Medal, which recognizes visionary philanthropy in the spirit of IAS founders Louis Bamberger and Caroline Bamberger Fuld. Right: The late Professor Irving Lavin (left), who, with his wife Marilyn Aronberg Lavin (right), continues to generously support the Institute through a planned gift.

80 PHOTO CREDITS, L TO R: ANDREA KANE, SYLVAIN GABOURY/PATRICK MCMULLAN VIA GETTY IMAGES, ANDREA KANE $25,000+ Barry and Connie Hershey Elizabeth Harkins Baughan Jonathan and Anna Horner Christopher Boerner and Shefali Shah Rita Allen Foundation Samuel D. Isaly Mrs. Ann Lee Saunders Brown in honor of Arnie Levine Johnson & Johnson CQS Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Landon and Sarah Jones Deligne Family Fund of Vanguard The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation John J. Kerr, Jr. and Nora Wren Kerr Charitable Arthur and Janet Eschenlauer Robert B. Litterman and Mary Litterman/ Michael R. Douglas Charitable Fund Carl and Toby Feinberg Litterman Family Foundation Audrey and David Egger Charitable Fund Kate Medina Guthart and Leo A. Guthart David and Catherine Loevner Family Fund at the Jewish Community Foundation of David and Claudia Harding of Vanguard Charitable Greater Mercer Sigurdur Helgason Elinor Lunder Frey Family Foundation in memory of Professor Harish-Chandra Mack-Mulligan Family Fund of the The Patrick A. Gerschel Foundation Robert and Cynthia Hillas Charitable Gift American Endowment Foundation Jack and Juanita Goldstein Fund of Fidelity Charitable in honor of Dr. Arnold Levine Vartan Gregorian Margaret Holen and David Coulson Jane and Robert MacLennan Mikhail Grinberg Giving Account of Tomislav and Vesna Kundic Tamara and Kevin MacMillan Fidelity Charitable Elaine and Ken Langone Charles W. McCutchen Jim and Judy Harpel Irving Lavin† and Marilyn Aronberg Lavin Valerie and Jim McKinney Gudjon Hermannsson and Yingxing Wang Peter and Susan L. G. Lee Eleanor and Howard Morgan The Horizon Foundation Sarah and Martin L. Leibowitz The New York Community Trust Rosanna Webster Jaffin Robert Lourie and Ivana Stolnik JQW Fund/James Whitman and The Jane James Charity Fund of the Deborah R. Lunder and Alan Ezekowitz Sara McDougall Princeton Area Community Foundation Bruce R. McCaw Family Foundation The Oki Foundation Mikhail Kogan The Rockefeller Foundation Kresimir and Suzanne Penavic Jonah and Amy Lansky Siegel Family Endowment Stephen and Sandy Perlbinder Lighte Grant Family Fund of the Princeton Laura and Harry Slatkin Elena Petronio Area Community Foundation Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Anoop and Sangeeta Prasad Loeb, Block & Partners LLP Observatory Raging Capital Management, LLC Lili Lynton and Michael Ryan Cary and Marisela Staller Doraiswamy Ramachandran Steve and Deidre Mariotti TIFF Charitable Foundation in memory of Professor Geetha Ramachandran Jimmy and Becky Mayer at the direction of Mark Baumgartner John Rassweiler John McGoldrick Shelby White/Leon Levy Foundation Philip W. Riskin Charitable Foundation Microsoft Matching Gifts Program Inc. YHouse, Inc. Professor Klaus Nehring Jeannie Tseng and Colin Rust Charitable Sarah Jones Nelson Fund The Oki Foundation $10,000+ James and Stacy Sarvis in honor of Charles Simonyi’s birthday Joan Solotar Osage Partners Anonymous Shirley Tilghman Georg and Joyce† Albers-Schonberg Ashutosh and Raminder Pathak/Princeton Stephen Tracy and June Allison Foundation for Peace and Learning Rita Allen Foundation in honor of Professor Christian Habicht The Pew Charitable Trusts at the direction of Robbert Dijkgraaf and Jesse and Marissa Treu Fund of Fidelity PNC Foundation Pia de Jong Charitable Diana and Antonio Puerto American Council of Learned Societies Tom and Mila Tuttle Family Fund of Lalit and Kavita Bahl Vanguard Charitable Gillian and Scott Reeder Mark Baumgartner University of Pennsylvania Middle East James and Jacqueline Rosinsky Victoria and Hank Bjorklund Center Sarvary Charitable Trust of Fidelity Donald and Shari Black Tali and Boaz Weinstein Philanthropic Charitable Mr. and Mrs. Russell Carson Fund of the Jewish Communal Fund Tomasina P. Schiro Melanie and John Clarke Marina and Robert Whitman Harold T. and Vivian Shapiro Harry and Helen Cohen Charitable Mr. Brian F. Wruble and Warren and Felicia Spitz Foundation Ms. Kathleen W. Bratton Stevens & Lee Morton and Donna Collins Mr. and Mrs. James R. Utaski The Edward T. Cone Foundation $5,000+ Joyce and George Wein Foundation Mario Draghi John and Louise Wellemeyer Carolina Esquenazi-Shaio and Anonymous Mike and Deedee Wigler Jared B. Friedberg Albourne Steve and Georgene Winick Elizabeth and Aristides Georgantas Rita Allen Foundation Peter and Angela Yianilos GoldenTree Asset Management LP at the direction of Landon and Sarah Jones Zegar Family Fund Ken and Debbie Baron

† Deceased

81 $2,500+ Robert and Stephanie Wedeking Robin Gosnell Byron and Anita Wien Dr. and Mrs. Milton H. Grannatt Ashley and George Aitken-Davies Robert J. and Kathleen T. Zatta Gray Family Fund of the Princeton Area Stephen Anderson and Clara F. Richardson Zhou Zou Community Foundation Eric Batterman and Tina and Bill Greenberg Catherine Schaeder Batterman Joan and Jack Hall Nick and Piraye Beim $1,750+ Scott and Kelly Harrison Vicky and Dick Bergman Anonymous Christie and Fred Henry Len and Laura Berlik David R. and Kristina H. Hill Helena and Peter Bienstock AAA Northern California, Nevada and Utah Nancy Hingston Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Black Alexander and Helen Ackley Douglas Horne and Barbara Fant Bruce Boman Stephen L. Adler Bob and Lynn Johnston Harold Broitman Apter Foundation of Fidelity Charitable Alexander Jones and Catherine Haines Stephen and Denise Call Robert J. Aresty Christopher P. Jones Jennifer Chayes and Christian Borgs Lorraine and David Atkin Kahn Family Philanthropic Fund of the Drs. Bobbi and Barry Coller Jill M. Barry Jewish Community Foundation of Community Foundation of New Jersey Greater Mercer Leigh and John Bartlett Mr. and Mrs. Clay Creasey Miyuki Kaneko and Brian P. Sullivan Eric and Chaitra Baum Raffaella Cribiore Allen H. Kassof Giving Fund of Fidelity Robert and Susan Beckman Ann Damsgaard and Lee Gladden Charitable John and Marsha Beidler in memory of Arianne Stuart Feldman Toni Besselaar Howard Keller and Helen Keller First Quadrant Elisabeth A. Bish Steve and Shirley Kern Goldman Sachs & Co. Matching Gift Program Marcia E. Bossart Joseph and Lorraine Koffman Matthew and Hannah Granade Professors Susan and Stephen Boughn Gail Kohn Debora Russo Haines, Esq. and Ted and Jane Boyer Ann and Kurt Kovalick John R. Haines Mark and Sarah Branon Samuel and Karen Lambert Tom and Archer Harvey Meg Brinster Michael Harry and Ellen Levine Carolyn and John Healey Ger and Mary Brophy Neil Ann S. and Richard J. Levine H. James and Carol Herring Jennifer Bryson Zhong Yuan Li and Cindy Ni Jamie and Kathy Herring Mrs. James E. Burke Diana and Derek Lidow Paul and Josefin Hilal Pernilla and James Burke Denis and Howard Lieberman A. J. Hildebrand Alice and Horace Chandler in memory of Michael Hershel Schuman HMR Architects Sun-Yung A. Chang and Paul C. Yang Donald and Nancy Light Steven Holl Architects Angelos Chaniotis Stephen Lin and Carol Anderson Gregory and Lisa Hopper Dr. and Mrs. Paul H. Chew Hung Ling and Gigi Hsu/Alicia Ling Samantha Kappagoda and Lucinda and Charles Clark Jeffrey Lipkowitz David K.A. Mordecai Stanley and Regine Corngold Walter H. Lippincott Kepos Capital LP Vicky and Brad Corrodi David A. Long and Alice St. Claire-Long Denise Kim and Rob Kusner Michael Curtis and Judith Brodsky Yvonne Marcuse John K. Kim and Ashley Lyu Vincent and Marie D’Albero Fouad J. Masrieh in memory of Mr. Seung Lyun Lyu Jan and Elly de Boer Cecilia and Michael Mathews Russell and Helene Kulsrud Rysia de Ravel Pat and Bill McKinley Yuki Moore Laurenti and Jeffrey Laurenti Peter Dougherty and Elizabeth Hock Mark and Julie McLaughlin Jingyi Li Marlene and Aiden Doyle Hella and Scott McVay Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Loughlin Carrie and Kinsey Dyckman Karl F. and Anne C. Morrison Dean and Jill Mitchell Edric Engert Michael Nissan and Yvette Lanneaux Michael and Pamela Morandi Charitable The Barbara and Gerald Essig Charitable Andrew P. Ogg Fund of Fidelity Charitable Fund of Vanguard Charitable Dr. Ferris Olin Northern Trust Exxon Mobil Foundation William J. O’Shaughnessy and Deborah and Alan Poritz Ruth Fath Mary S. O’Shaughnessy Carla Volpe Porter and Tim Porter Brian Fix/BDF Rough Diamond The O’Sullivan Foundation Carolyn and George Sanderson Foundation Dr. and Mrs. C. Papastephanou Terng and Palais Giving Account of Martin and Jane Fransson Philip B. Papier, Jr. and Norma K. Papier Fidelity Charitable The Ira and Karen Fuchs Charitable Gift Jacquie and Woody Phares Scott and Marilyn Tremaine Fund of Fidelity Charitable John Polking Université Libre de Bruxelles Chad Goerner Ludmilla G. Popova-Wightman Ewine F. van Dishoeck Colleen Goggins in memory of Arthur S. Wightman Varadero Capital LP Fred and Selma Goldstein Gopal and Indu Prasad

82 Michelle and Richard Preston Mark Cruse $500+ Dr. Andreas Prindl and in honor of Nicola Di Cosmo Ms. Deborah Robbins Charles W. Curtis Anonymous Michael and Melanie Rauch Hal and Kathy Drake in honor of Freeman Dyson Anne D’O. Reeves in memory of Charles Edson Anonymous in honor of Robert Langlands and in memory John Rego and Roxane Yonan Bruce S. Eastwood in memory of Marshall Clagett of Vladimir Voevodsky Reichelderfer-Blair Fund of the Princeton William Abikoff Area Community Foundation Glenn and Sara Ellison Frank Accetta Charlie Rippin Anthony B. Evnin and Judith W. Evnin Carmela Vircillo Franklin Martha I. Beach Paul Rorem and Kate Skrebutenas in honor of Alison I. Beach Robert F. and Ellen Potter Gaffney David and Christina Rowntree Henry and Leigh Bienen Jeff Gatto William and Joan Rue Phoebe and Jo Bovy Kevin G. Greaney Kathleen and Lou Russo James Cantrell Robert and Randi Sacco Freia Habicht in honor of Phillip Griffiths Bernard Saint-Donat Jonathan Hanke Mr. Elliot Cohen Sybil Shainwald Koichiro Harada Joan Breton Connelly Surinder and Rashma Sharma Rush Holt The Harold G. and Nancy A. Diamond Sipprelle Charitable Corp. Wu-chung Hsiang Gifts Fund of the T. Rowe Price David E. Smith Peter R. Kann Program for Charitable Giving Inge and Sundaresa Srinivasan Joshua T. Katz Loyal and Bernice Durand Ellen and Albert Stark Foundation Fund of in honor of Heinrich von Staden Josephine Faass the Princeton Area Community Foundation Michael Klompus Gerald and Ruth Fischbach Sturges Giving Account of Fidelity Eric A. Kohlmann Christopher Glover Charitable KPMG Daniel and Ryoko Goldston Christopher and Susan Tarr Fund of the John Kwan Christine Guth Princeton Area Community Foundation William E. Lang Paul A. Hanle Gail M. Ullman Paulo Lima-Filho in honor of The Dijkgraaf Family Erik Vanmarcke and Lynne Durkee in memory of Vladimir Voevodsky Michele Hannoosh and Richard Janko Theodora and Fong Wei, M.D. Juan and Maria Maldacena Joel Hass and Abby Thompson/Hass Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan D. Weiner François Maniquet Family Fund of the Jewish Community Laura and Roscoe White in memory of Vladimir Voevodsky Foundation of the West Sharon and Russ White The Steven A. Mansbach and Peter and Joyce Hendricks Ralph R. Widner Julia E. Frane Charitable Fund at in honor of Janine Purcaro Schwab Charitable Evan and Rosalie Wolarsky Ron and Gail Irving The MIT Press Dr. Seva Joukhovitski The Myhrvold & Havranek Family Joseph Kiskis Charitable Fund $1,000+ Samuel H. Kress Foundation Walter Neumann William and Susan Lampe Anonymous Douglas Niebur Bill and Colleen McAleer in memory of Albert Hirschman and Mary J. Norton Clifford Geertz in memory of David Fate Norton Daniel R. McMillan and Evelyn R. McMillan Diane Cole Ahl, SHS 2006 and Reba K. Orszag Kenneth E. Ahl Robert and Celia Morris Charitable Gift in memory of Irving Lavin Peter Ozsváth Fund of Fidelity Charitable American Mathematical Society Philip and Betsy Palmedo Rick Norwood Celia Applegate and David Blackbourn Fanette Pollack Pfizer Foundation James Arthur Ellen Rautenberg Richard T. Rapp Fernande Auslander S&P Global Inc. Roundshield Partners LLP in memory of Louis Auslander Eugene R. Speer Dr. Sabine Schmidtke Manjul Bhargava Vittorio Sportoletti Baduel Freydoon Shahidi David Bjelajac Ronald J. and Sharon M. Stern Karlheinz Spallek, Professor Dr. Emeritus Dennis Block Studio Hillier Architecture in Mathematics John Bonaccolta Laurence R. Taylor Xiaodong Sun Amy Brand Van Note-Harvey Associates, Inc. Noel Swerdlow Professor Sir David Cannadine Peter and Lynn Wendell Burt Totaro and Diana Gillooly Cathryn Clary Kenneth B. Wolf The Troy-De Wit Family Charitable Fund Fernando Codá Marques Hung-Hsi Wu of the Jewish Communal Fund William E. Connolly Jodi Yang Tanmay and Punam Vachaspati Cornwall Capital Mitsuru Yasuhara The Walsh Charitable Fund of the Ayco Bernard Costello/Costello Foundation of Charitable Foundation Fidelity Charitable Charles Weibel

83 $500+ (continued) Melvyn B. Nathanson Marisa Anne Bass Catharine Newbury Steve Batterson Howard D. Weinbrot James V. Peters Dr. and Mrs. Thomas G. Baumgartner Marit Werenskiold Andrea Piras and Francesca Tagliatesta in honor of The Baumgartner Family in memory of Patricia Crone Greg Bayer Alex Potts Kerry Baynes/Christian Families ORG $250+ Professor Michael C. J. Putnam LLC Evelyn S. Rawski Brigitte M. Bedos-Rezak Anonymous in honor of Ira Rezak in honor of Dr. Giles Constable Peter Redfield Glenn and Lyn Reiter Paul Benacerraf Anonymous Regina F. Bendix in memory of Professor Deane Montgomery in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Kerr Jonathan W. Best Israel Tzvi Abusch Christoph Rode Adam Bierman Giles Auchmuty Catherine J. Ross and Jonathan Rieder Margarethe Billerbeck Matt Banks Harriette Rubinstein Thomas N. Bisson Catherine and Cornelius Borman Alan E. Shapiro John P. Bodel Constance Brittain Bouchard R. C. Sleigh, Jr. in memory of Professor Morton White Larissa Bonfante Professor Hartwin Brandt in memory of Christian Habicht Daniel L. Smail Michael D. Bordo Susan J. Brison Neal Snyderman Beth Brainard in memory of Vladimir Voevodsky and in Glenn R. Bugh Robert Socolow Fund of the Jewish Communal Fund honor of Didier Fassin receiving the Nomis in memory of Christian Habicht Distinguished Scientist Award Winnifred Fallers Sullivan Daniela L. Caglioti Ward Briggs Susquehanna International Group, LLP Professor Dr. Claude Calame Loretta Brooks Claudia Swan Chaitin Charitable Fund at Schwab John and Virginia Bryant Charitable John E. Talbott in memory of Felix Gilbert Nicholas Buchdahl Roger Chickering in memory of Maryam Mirzakhani and Kelly Devine Thomas John Dillon Catriona Buchdahl Jeff Walz in memory of Christian Habicht Glenn Buzzi Arthur G. Wasserman Walter Dittrich Vicki Caron in memory of James Kister Vladimir Drinfeld Annemarie and Gerald Carr Jennifer Widner Robert Edwards, Member 1976-77 in memory of Irving Lavin Robert Lee Wilson Antonio O. Elmaleh Vincent Carretta Don Wyatt Harold and Catherine Falk Alessandra Casella Youyu Xu Paul M. N. Feehan Dr. Thomas E. Cecil York-Peng Edward Yao in memory of Martin and Odilla Feehan Filippo Cesarano Jens Grosser John Whiteclay Chambers II Robert Guralnick Up to $249 Sagun Chanillo Julia Lee Hairston Kalyan Chatterjee Henryk Hecht Anonymous Hoi Fung Chau William J. Hery at Schwab Charitable Anonymous Professors R. Sekhar Chivukula and Susan Heyner Joshi in honor of Elaine Birch-Ruffell Elizabeth H. Simmons in memory of Aravind K. Joshi Anonymous Anne Clark Camden and Rob Hillas/Gifts4Giving in memory of Harish Chandra Frank M. Clover Program of Fidelity Charitable Anonymous James W. Cogdell Hervé Jacquet in memory of Patricia Crone Forrest D. Colburn Kathryn Kerby-Fulton Anonymous Kathleen Coleman in honor of Giles Constable in honor of Thich Nhat Hanh Drs. Maria and Bruno Coppi Martin Kern and Keiko Ono Anonymous Octav Cornea, Montreal Michael Licitra in memory of Harold Kinder and in memory of Paul Cornea Steve Lubow Albert Burstein Clement Cottingham Andrew MacFadyen Anonymous in honor of Robert Langlands Dario and Madeline Covi Rachel Mandelbaum Alan Adolphson in memory of Irving Lavin Jeffrey E. Mandula Ingrid Daubechies in memory of John Bahcall Susan Allen Joseph E. Davis John Marincola AmazonSmile Foundation Susan Ames Natalie Zemon Davis George F. Meierhofer in honor of Professor Francesca Trivellato and Walter Montgomery, PhD David W. Anthony and Dorcas R. Brown the publication of her new book Carlos Julio Moreno Professor Bulent Atalay John W. Dawson Jr. William Mulligan John Baines

84 John M. de Figueiredo Roger N. Hancock Brandon C. Look in memory of Rui J.P. de Figueiredo Dr. Bruno Harris George J. Losoncy Percy Deift Jane Hathaway Michèle Lowrie Gabriel Del Real in memory of Patricia Crone Michael Maas Laurence Dickey James F. Hawkins Norman and Armena Macartney in memory of Claire Dickey in memory of teachers, friends and relations Clint McCrory Mickey Diener and Lisa Bennett Charles W. Haxthausen Patrick McGuinn in honor of Peter Paret Mark Dittmer Glenn David McNeill in memory of Herb Roth Professor Randolph C. Head Sarah McPhee Robert S. Doran James and Lynn Heitsch in memory of J.M.G. Fell Michael R. McVaugh Alex Himonas in memory of Marshall Clagett Pierre du Prey Lawrence Horwitz Brigitte Meijns in honor of Irving Lavin in memory of Emil and Rose Horwitz Professor John R. Melville-Jones Jean Dunbabin Vittorio Hosle Richard S. Dunn Elizabeth Mertz Robert C. Howell in honor of Leslye Obiora in memory of Mary Maples Dunn in memory of Morton White Kathleen McDermott Eastman Robert Meyerhoff and Novelle DuPen Danian Hu Meyerhoff in memory of Natalie Roberts McDermott Pamela R. Hughes Patrick Eberlein Joel Migdal and Peggy Brill James E. Humphreys Joseph Minahan Joanne Elliott Hermann Hunger Hamid Fahim Rezaei Rick Miranda Susan Huntington Darrel Moellendorf and Mehrdad Fallahzadeh Luc Illusie in memory of Patricia Crone Bonnie Friedmann John Imbrie Peter Fang Maria Teresa Marabini Moevs Gary Irvine Ibrahim Fatkullin Ms. Edith D. Neimark Howard Jacobowitz in honor of Evelyn Witkin Renate and James Fernandez Howard Jacobson Y. Jack Ng Gary and Susan Fine in honor of Professor William Calder Mark and Ruth Nicolich Carole Fink Katherine L. Jansen Thomas Noble Leslie Meek Fitch and W. Anthony Fitch James J. John in memory of Irving Lavin Yong-Geun Oh Nancy Johnson and Larry Filler Gerald B. Folland Takashi Ono Padma Kaimal John Freed Peter Orlik David Karen Norbert Frei Ákos Ostor Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet David and Donna Gabai Tari L. Pantaleo Goro C. Kato, v.l.s. Kim P. Gallagher Dr. Leonard Parker Mary and Peter Katzenstein Mort and Debbi Gasner Jogesh C. Pati Dennis Kehoe Marian Gidea Charles Payne Jinah Kim Professor Fred Gilman Michael G. Peletz Dale Kinney Les and June Glaser Anastasia Petridou and Pantelis Nigdelis Julius Kirshner Carol Gluck Carl Forbes Petry Christopher Kolda Professor and Mrs. Peter B. Golden David A. Pietz Antoni A. Kosinski Laura Gomez Krzysztof Pilch in memory of Deane Montgomery Leon Plantinga Roe W. Goodman Ron and Sunny Kraemer Sue Goodman David Plotke Robert Krasny Randall A. Poole Google Inc. Joselle Lamoutte and Christopher Freeland Cameron Gordon Jeremy D. Popkin Abby and Menachem Lazar Gerald J. Porter David Gould Claude LeBrun Bruce Grant Steven Poskanzer Julie-Anne Leclerc in honor of Craig Poskanzer Edward Greaney in memory of Professor Irving Lavin Martin J. Powers Husson Groenenboom Clinton LeFort William L. Pressly Edward J. Groth III Leonard M. Levie Jonathan J. Price Erich Gruen in honor of Bozena Kuczynska M. M. Rao Mauro F. Guillen David and Marci Lieberman in memory of Professor A Beurling Diane and Moris Guvenis Tan Lin Jerome Ravetz in memory of Charles Lin Barbara Haggh-Huglo Theodore Reff in memory of Michel Huglo Lloyd L. Lininger P.J. Rhodes Nancy Hagner in honor of Deane Montgomery in honor of Anna Scher on her birthday Eric M. Linn Matthias L. Richter Blaine Paxton Hall Ming-Chit Liu Melvin and Michaela Richter

85 Up to $249 (continued) Susan Mosher Stuard Gift-in-Kind Donors Matthew Sudano Peter William Riola Toufic Suidan Ayten Alkan Mertoglu in honor of Diana Whitecross Dr. and Mrs. John Brendan Sullivan Nathanael Andrade James B. Rives and John L. Johnston R. Richard Summerhill, Ph.D. J. Javier Arce Kerry Robertson Alexander Sze Barbara Baert in honor of D. Bermel, clarinetist and Earl J. Taft Marisa Anne Bass composer and former director of the Eugenio Biagini Edward T. Cone Concert Series Richard J. Talbert Helena and Peter Bienstock David E. Rohrlich Cynthia Talbot Edyta Bojanowska Dr. and Mrs. David Gilman Romano Yi Tan in memory of James R. McCredie in memory of Baolin Tan G. W. Bowersock Jonathan L. Rosner Jean E. Taylor Guillaume Calafat Professor John C. Rouman Tiberiu Tesileanu Julian Casanova in memory of Soteria Rouman Donna M. Testerman Professor Angelos Chaniotis James Rovnyak Jean Thomas Celia Chazelle Stuart Samuel Leslie L. Threatte Jr. Melanie and John Clarke Patrick Sänger Gerhard Thür William J. Connell Norman Saul Ward S. Titus and Elena Taratuta M.D. Yingcong Dai in honor of Jack Matlock Stuart Turner Professor Didier Fassin Gordon Schochet in honor of Karen Uhlenbeck Gary Fine in memory of Albert Hirschman and Salil Vadhan and Jennifer Sun Michal Gawlikowski Clifford Geertz Philip and Arachne van der Eijk Margaret Graves Edward Schoolman Frans van Liere Freia Habicht John Schrecker Johan Van Woensel Dr. Rudolf Haensch Jennifer C. Schultens Robert Varley Johan Heilbron Gerald W. Schwarz/Kravitz Schwarz Vignan Velivela Julia C. Hell Family Fund of Fidelity Charitable Manish Vijaywargiya Max Hollien Emanuele Senici in honor of my family Hans Hummer Mohamed Sesay Samuel S. Wagstaff, Jr. in memory of Professor Bertram Kostant Professor Emeritus Jonathan I. Israel Jonathan and Deborah Wahl Philanthropic Professor Christopher P. Jones Fareed, Noreen, Sana, Sami Shaikh Fund of the Jewish Community Joel A. Shapiro Foundation of Durham-Chapel Hill Landon and Sarah Jones † Daniel J. Sherman Barbara B. Walker Professor Irving Lavin Adebisi Shofu in memory of Vladimir Voevodsky Gregory Maertz in memory of Amida B. Shofu, Thomas Wallnig Erica Mosner Priscilla O. Shofu, Abiodon B. Shofu Matt Waters Vidit Nanda Allan J. Silberger David Weinberg and Lisa Florman Eric Palazzo Michael Singer Raymond O. Wells Jr. Professor Peter Paret Jonathan Skaff John Wermer Jörg Peltzer in memory of Patricia Crone in honor of Arne Beurling George Pitcher† Malcolm Skolnick Robert E. Williamson Cosmin Alin Popa-Gorjanu in memory of Hans Bethe and Philip Morrison W. Stephen Wilson Martin J. Powers Dr. Karen Ann Sobel Lojeski Mark Witten Rubina Raja Alexandre Sogicami in memory of Polly Ann Witten in honor of Betty and Gordon Moore and in Frank Rexroth memory of Isaac Asimov Isser Woloch Ortal-Paz Saar Charles M. Sommerfield Edythe P. Woodruff Valentina Sagaria Rossi Eric Sommers Charles Yawn Catherine Schaeder Batterman in memory of Bert Kostant M. Crawford Young Eric Schluessel Diane L. Souvaine in honor of Louise Young Dr. Sabine Schmidtke Dave Spiegel Froma I. Zeitlin Douglas Stanford in memory of George Zeitlin Aravind Srinivasan Dmitry Starostin in memory of Mrs. Kalyani Srinivasan Cameron Strang Harold M. Stark Charitable Fund of Francesca Trivellato Fidelity Charitable Jonathan Unglaub Jim Stasheff in memory of John Coleman Moore Karina Urbach George Sterman and Elise Frank Professor Heinrich von Staden Columba Stewart Dr. Daniel R. Woolf in honor of Patrick Geary Maria Youni John Stewart Helmut Zander

86 Legacy Society Graham Farmelo Annette Merle-Smith Carl and Toby Feinberg Alexander P. Mourelatos The Legacy Society was established in 1995 Dr. Cloudy (Klaus-Dietrich) Fischer Sherry B. Ortner to honor those who have made a planned gift Dr. Paul Forman Elena Petronio to the Institute for Advanced Study, or have Lor and Michael Gehret Doraiswamy Ramachandran informed the Institute of a bequest intention or other provision in their estate plans. Legacy Peter and Helen Goddard Susan E. Ramirez Society members include Trustees, Faculty and Rachel D. Gray John H. Rassweiler Faculty Emeriti, Friends, former Members and Ed Greaney Millard M. Riggs† Visitors, staff and other private donors. Betty W. (Tina) Greenberg Barbara Heard Roberts William S. Greenberg Daniel H. Saracino Anonymous Phillip A. Griffiths Patricia Sato Robert and Susan Beckman Robert M. Guralnick Tomasina Pia Schiro Victoria and Hank Bjorklund Daphne Hawkes Robert Sibner Richard B. Black James F. Hawkins N. J. Slabbert Enrico Bombieri Sigurdur Helgason Grace Marmor Spruch† Harold Broitman Rosanna W. Jaffin Jack Steinberger Robert Butow Akio Kawauchi Chuu-Lian Terng and Richard S. Palais Claude Calame Michael Keevak Franklin K. Toker Martin Chooljian Tatsuo Kimura Grazia Tonelli Giles Constable Dr. Florian Langenscheidt Marilyn and Scott Tremaine Dr. John W. Dawson, Jr. Robert and Charlotte Langlands Professor and Mrs. V.S. Varadarajan Hedwig C.H. Dekker Walter H. Lippincott Professor C. Franciscus Verellen and in memory of Professor Jacob C.E. Dekker Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Loughlin Mrs. Isabelle M. Verellen Professor William Doyle, FBA Robert MacPherson and Mark Goresky Brian F. Wruble Masaaki Eguchi Steve Mariotti Janet and Arthur Eschenlauer Loris and Bruce McKellar

† Deceased

87 FOUNDERS, TRUSTEES, AND OFFICERS OF THE BOARD AND OF THE CORPORATION, 2018–2019

Founders Lorraine Daston Martin Rees Professor, Committee on Social Thought Professor Emeritus of Cosmology Louis Bamberger University of Chicago and Astrophysics Caroline Bamberger Fuld Director Emerita Astronomer Royal and Fellow of Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Trinity College Board and Corporate Officers Berlin, Germany University of Cambridge Cambridge, England Charles Simonyi Robbert Dijkgraaf Chair of the Board Director and Leon Levy Professor David M. Rubenstein Institute for Advanced Study Co-Founder and Co-Executive Chairman Nancy B. Peretsman Princeton, New Jersey Vice Chair of the Board The Carlyle Group Washington, D.C. Mario Draghi Brian F. Wruble Treasurer of the Corporation President, European Central Bank Eric E. Schmidt Through May 4, 2019 Frankfurt, Germany Technical Advisor Alphabet Inc. Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. Janine M. Purcaro Mountain View, California Assistant Treasurer President and Chief Executive Officer, TIAA Through May 4, 2019 New York, New York Charles Simonyi Technical Fellow Treasurer of the Corporation E. Robert Fernholz Microsoft Corporation From May 4, 2019 Founder, INTECH Redmond, Washington Princeton, New Jersey Nancy S. MacMillan Peter Svennilson Mark Heising Secretary of the Corporation Founder and Managing Partner Managing Director The Column Group Elizabeth Boluch Wood Medley Partners Management LLC Assistant Secretary San Francisco, California San Francisco, California Shirley M. Tilghman Jeanette Lerman-Neubauer The Board of Trustees President Emerita Trustee, Neubauer Family Foundation Professor of Molecular Biology and Public Afsaneh Beschloss Principal, JP Lerman & Co. Affairs Founder and Chief Executive Officer Philadelphia, Pennsylvania RockCreek Princeton University Washington, D.C. Nancy S. MacMillan Princeton, New Jersey Publisher, Princeton Alumni Weekly Ewine F. van Dishoeck Manjul Bhargava Princeton, New Jersey R. Brandon Fradd Professor of Mathematics Professor of Molecular Astrophysics Princeton University David F. Marquardt Leiden University Princeton, New Jersey Founding Partner, August Capital Leiden, The Netherlands Menlo Park, California Victoria B. Bjorklund Brian F. Wruble Retired Partner Narayana Murthy Chairman, New York Board of Trustees, Founder, Exempt-Organizations Group Founder, Infosys Limited The Oppenheimer Funds Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP Bangalore, India Chairman Emeritus, The Jackson Laboratory New York, New York Key West, Florida Jonathan M. Nelson Through May 4, 2019 R. Martin Chavez Founder and Chief Executive Officer Global Co-Head Securities Division Providence Equity Partners, LLC Goldman Sachs Providence, Rhode Island Trustees Emeriti New York, NY John Overdeck From October 27, 2018 Richard B. Black Co-Chair, Two Sigma Investments, LP Martin A. Chooljian Neil A. Chriss New York, New York Vartan Gregorian Founder and Chief Investment Officer Nancy B. Peretsman Peter R. Kann (Through August 2018) Managing Director Helene L. Kaplan Hutchin Hill Capital, LP Allen & Company LLC Spiro J. Latsis New York, New York New York, New York Martin L. Leibowitz Christopher Cole Sandra E. Peterson David K.P. Li Chairman, Ardea Partners LP Operating Partner, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice Ronaldo H. Schmitz Princeton, New Jersey Former Group Worldwide Chairman, Johnson Harold T. Shapiro Veena Das & Johnson James H. Simons Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Anthropology New York, NY Michel L. Vaillaud and Adjunct Professor of Humanities Shelby White Jörn Rausing Johns Hopkins University Marina v.N. Whitman Non-Executive Director Baltimore, Maryland Tetra Laval Group Board James D. Wolfensohn, Chair Emeritus London, United Kingdom From May 4, 2019 88 ADMINISTRATION, 2018–2019

Robbert Dijkgraaf Library Administration Programs Director and Leon Levy Professor

Nadine M. S. Thompson Emma Moore Beth Brainard Executive Assistant to the Director Librarian, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Program Officer Through November 30, 2018 IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute Marcia Tucker Through March 31, 2019 Carolyn Pritchett Librarian, Historical Studies and Social Executive Assistant to the Director Science (also Coordinator of Information Dena Vigil From December 1, 2018 Access for Computing, Telecommunications, Program Officer and Networking Administration) IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute Josephine S. Faass From April 1, 2019 Director of Academic Affairs Casey Westerman Through May 2, 2019 Archivist Arlen K. Hastings Through March 7, 2019 Director of External Projects

Janine M. Purcaro Michelle Huguenin Chief Operating Officer and Associate Administrative Program Manager Director for Finance and Administration Women and Mathematics

Mark Baumgartner School Administration David Lang Chief Investment Officer Artist-in-Residence

Michael Ciccone Nicole Maldonado Rafe Mazzeo Chief Administrative Operations Officer Administrative Officer Director School of Mathematics IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute William Grip Chief Facilities Officer Donne Petito Margaret Readdy Administrative Officer Academic Program Manager Michael Klompus School of Social Science Women and Mathematics Chief Human Resources Officer Michelle Sage Mary Mazza Administrative Officer Comptroller and Chief Fiscal Officer School of Natural Sciences Computing, Michel Reymond Suzanne P. Christen Telecommunications, Chef Executive Director and Administrator and Networking The Simons Center for Systems Biology Administration School of Natural Sciences Elizabeth Boluch Wood Jeffrey Berliner Chief Development Officer and Associate Marian Gallagher Zelazny Chief Information Officer Director for Development and Administrative Officer Communications School of Historical Studies Brian Epstein Through June 3, 2019 Computer Manager Mary Boyajian Network and Security Senior Director of Principal and Planned Giving Kevin Kelly Karla Cosgriff Computer Manager Director of Annual Giving School of Mathematics

Kelly Devine Thomas Jonathan Peele Director of Editorial and Content Strategy Computer Manager Information Technology Group Pamela Hughes Director of Friends and Stewardship Programs James Stephens Computer Manager Susan Olson School of Natural Sciences Director of Events Edna Wigderson Maurie Perl Manager of Databases and Integration Senior Director of External Relations and Strategic Communications

89 PRESENT AND PAST DIRECTORS (in order of service as of June 30, 2019)

Abraham Flexner · Frank Aydelotte J. Robert Oppenheimer · Carl Kaysen · Harry Woolf Marvin L. Goldberger · Phillip A. Griffiths · Peter Goddard · Robbert Dijkgraaf

PRESENT AND PAST FACULTY (2018–19 Faculty and Faculty Emeriti are in black)

Stephen L. Adler · James W. Alexander · Andrew E. Z. Alföldi · Danielle Allen

Nima Arkani-Hamed · Michael F. Atiyah · John N. Bahcall · Arne K. A. Beurling · Yve-Alain Bois

Enrico Bombieri · Armand Borel · Jean Bourgain · Glen W. Bowersock

Caroline Walker Bynum · Luis A. Caffarelli · Angelos Chaniotis · Harold F. Cherniss · Marshall Clagett

Giles Constable · Patricia Crone · José Cutileiro · Roger F. Dashen · Camillo De Lellis · Pierre Deligne

Nicola Di Cosmo · Freeman J. Dyson · Edward M. Earle · Albert Einstein · John H. Elliott

Didier Fassin · Patrick J. Geary · Clifford Geertz · Felix Gilbert · James F. Gilliam · Peter Goddard

Kurt Gödel · Hetty Goldman · Peter Goldreich · Oleg Grabar · Phillip A. Griffiths · Christian Habicht

Harish-Chandra · Jonathan Haslam · Ernst Herzfeld · Albert O. Hirschman · Helmut Hofer · Lars V. Hörmander

Piet Hut · Jonathan Israel · Myles W. Jackson · Ernst H. Kantorowicz · George F. Kennan · Robert P. Langlands

Irving Lavin · Tsung-Dao Lee · Stanislas Leibler · Arnold J. Levine · Elias A. Lowe · Robert MacPherson

Juan Maldacena · Avishai Margalit · Eric S. Maskin · Jack F. Matlock, Jr. · Millard Meiss

Benjamin D. Meritt · John W. Milnor · David Mitrany · Deane Montgomery · Marston Morse

J. Robert Oppenheimer · Abraham Pais · Erwin Panofsky · Peter Paret · Tullio E. Regge

Winfield W. Riefler · Dani Rodrik · Marshall N. Rosenbluth · Peter Sarnak · Sabine Schmidtke

Joan Wallach Scott · Nathan Seiberg · Atle Selberg · Kenneth M. Setton · Carl L. Siegel · Thomas Spencer

Walter W. Stewart · Bengt G. D. Strömgren · Richard Taylor · Homer A. Thompson · Scott Tremaine

Francesca Trivellato · Kirk Varnedoe · Oswald Veblen · Akshay Venkatesh · Vladimir Voevodsky

John von Neumann · Heinrich von Staden · Michael Walzer · Robert B. Warren · André Weil · Hermann Weyl

Morton White · Hassler Whitney · Avi Wigderson · Frank Wilczek · Edward Witten

Ernest Llewellyn Woodward · Chen Ning Yang · Shing-Tung Yau · Matias Zaldarriaga

90 Institute for Advanced Study— Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation

Financial Statements June 30, 2019 and 2018 (With Independent Auditors’ Report Thereon)

91 Independent Auditors’ Report

The Board of Trustees Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation:

We have audited the accompanying financial statements of the Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation, which comprise the statements of financial position as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, and the related statements of activities and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements. Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in accordance with U.S. ­generally accepted accounting principles; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control ­relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. Auditors’ Responsibility Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors’ judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion. Opinion In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, and the changes in its net assets and its cash flows for the years then ended, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Emphasis of Matter As discussed in Note 1(b)(xv) to the financial statements, the Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-14, Not-for-Profit Entities (Topic 958): Presentation of Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Entities, during the year ended June 30, 2019. Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter.

October 28, 2019

92 STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION JUNE 30, 2019 AND 2018

Assets ______2019 ______2018 Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,129,094 2,046,757 Accounts receivable and other assets 2,958,222 3,457,752 Grants receivable 2,406,574 2,092,063 Contributions receivable, net 15,951,133 24,106,193 Mortgages receivable 5,806,101 5,407,378 Funds held by bond trustee 872,355 852,322 Beneficial interest in remainder trust 1,968 1,066,466 Land, buildings and improvements, equipment, and rare book collection, net _130,257,646 122,170,708 Investments ______790,125,348 ______809,182,814 Total assets $ _953,508,441 970,382,453 ______Liabilities and Net Assets Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 9,433,853 10,949,189 Deferred revenue 7,353,781 9,522,988 Liabilities under split-interest agreements 1,516,049 1,819,942 Postretirement benefit obligation 19,584,782 18,308,952 Asset retirement obligation 1,172,363 1,142,036 Bond swap liability 2,788,944 2,316,450 Long -term debt, net ______88,020,789 ______92,039,675

Total liabilities ______129,870,561 ______136,099,232 Net assets: Net assets without donor restrictions: Undesignated 223,454,839 235,900,368 Designated for specific purposes 132,573,325 131,472,898 ______Total net assets without donor restrictions ______356,028,164 ______367,373,266 Net assets with donor restrictions: Purpose restricted 208,663,563 213,273,544 Endowment fund corpus ______258,946,153 ______253,636,411 Total net assets with donor restrictions 467,609,716 466,909,955 ______Total net assets 823,637,880 834,283,221 ______Total liabilities and net assets $ _953,508,441 970,382,453 ______

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

93 INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY – LOUIS BAMBERGER AND MRS. FELIX FULD FOUNDATION STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES Statement of Activities YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2019 Year ended June 30, 2019

Without donor With donor restrictions restrictions Total Operating revenues, gains, and other support: Private contributions and grants $ 52,000 19,897,538 19,949,538 Government grants — 6,563,183 6,563,183 Investment income, net 14,644,933 17,452,485 32,097,418 Auxiliary activity 4,402,459 — 4,402,459 Net assets released from restrictions— satisfaction of program restrictions 43,213,445 (43,213,445) — Total operating revenues, gains, and other support 62,312,837 699,761 63,012,598 Operating expenses: School of Mathematics 11,266,618 — 11,266,618 School of Natural Sciences 12,163,326 — 12,163,326 School of Historical Studies 9,787,655 — 9,787,655 School of Social Science 3,703,414 — 3,703,414 Libraries and other academic 6,241,792 — 6,241,792 Administration and general 18,591,030 — 18,591,030 Auxiliary activity 10,696,058 — 10,696,058 Total operating expenses 72,449,893 — 72,449,893 Change in net assets from operating activities (10,137,056) 699,761 (9,437,295) Nonoperating activities: Change in fair value of bond swap liability (472,494) — (472,494) Gain on sale of plant assets (259,957) — (259,957) Other components of net periodic pension cost (475,595) — (475,595) Total nonoperating activities (1,208,046) — (1,208,046)

Change in net assets (11,345,102) 699,761 (10,645,341) Net assets—beginning of year 367,373,266 466,909,955 834,283,221

Net assets—end of year $ 356,028,164 467,609,716 823,637,880

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

94 INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY – LOUIS BAMBERGER AND MRS. FELIX FULD FOUNDATION STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES Statement of Activities YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2018 Year ended June 30, 2018

Without donor With donor restrictions restrictions Total

Operating revenues, gains, and other support: Private contributions and grants $ 91,245 37,489,668 37,580,913 Government grants — 6,770,907 6,770,907 Investment income, net 26,719,615 30,223,024 56,942,639 Auxiliary activity 5,789,947 — 5,789,947 Net assets released from restrictions— satisfaction of program restrictions 38,589,054 (38,589,054) — Total operating revenues, gains, and other support 71,189,861 35,894,545 107,084,406 Operating expenses: School of Mathematics 11,899,313 — 11,899,313 School of Natural Sciences 11,707,757 — 11,707,757 School of Historical Studies 8,278,431 — 8,278,431 School of Social Science 3,737,858 — 3,737,858 Libraries and other academic 6,408,272 — 6,408,272 Administration and general 16,684,044 — 16,684,044 Auxiliary activity 9,963,625 — 9,963,625

Total operating expenses 68,679,300 — 68,679,300

Change in net assets from operating activities 2,510,561 35,894,545 38,405,106 Nonoperating activities: Change in fair value of bond swap liability 1,130,869 — 1,130,869 Gain on sale of plant assets 2,518,055 — 2,518,055 Other components of net periodic pension cost 323,192 — 323,192 Total nonoperating activities 3,972,116 — 3,972,116

Change in net assets 6,482,677 35,894,545 42,377,222 Net assets—beginning of year 360,890,589 431,015,410 791,905,999

Net assets—end of year $ 367,373,266 466,909,955 834,283,221

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

95 INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY – LOUIS BAMBERGER AND MRS. FELIX FULD FOUNDATION

STATEMENTSStatements of OF Cash CASH Flows FLOWS YEARSYears ENDED ended JuneJUNE 30, 30,2019 2019 and 2018 AND 2018

2019 2018

Cash flows from operating activities: Change in net assets $ (10,645,341) 42,377,222 Adjustments to reconcile change in net assets to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation 6,528,737 5,769,778 Contributions restricted for endowment and plant (11,281,481) (9,761,994) Net appreciation on investments (34,259,323) (59,732,183) Change in fair value of bond swap liability 472,494 (1,130,869) Gain on sale of plant assets (259,957) (2,518,055) Amortization of debt issuance costs 62,253 60,729 Amortization of bond discount 23,861 26,693 Changes in assets/liabilities: Receivables and other assets (213,704) 382,550 Contributions receivable 8,155,060 (17,428,206) Beneficial interest in remainder trust 1,064,498 (5,063) Accounts payable and accrued expenses (1,515,336) (456,867) Deferred revenue (2,169,207) (94,066) Postretirement benefit obligation 1,275,830 476,309 Asset retirement obligation 30,327 25,922 Net cash used in operating activities (42,731,289) (42,008,100) Cash flows from investing activities: Proceeds from sale of plant assets 973,386 3,453,425 Purchase of plant assets (15,329,104) (26,324,852) Proceeds from sale of investments 258,562,949 312,370,302 Purchase of investments (205,246,160) (284,301,248) Net cash provided by investing activities 38,961,071 5,197,627 Cash flows from financing activities: Contributions restricted for endowment and plant 11,281,481 14,761,994 Decrease in liabilities under split-interest agreements (303,893) (80,324) Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt — 24,724,503 Principal payments on long-term debt (4,105,000) (3,160,000) (Increase) decrease in funds held by bond trustee (20,033) 1,605,148 Net cash provided by financing activities 6,852,555 37,851,321

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 3,082,337 1,040,848 Cash, cash equivalents—beginning of year 2,046,757 1,005,909

Cash, cash equivalents—end of year $ 5,129,094 2,046,757 Supplemental data: Interest paid $ 3,271,097 3,006,937

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

96 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS JUNE 30, 2019 AND 2018

(1) Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Organization The Institute for Advanced Study—Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation (the Institute), an independent, private institution devoted to the encouragement, support, and patronage of learning, was founded in 1930 as a ­community of scholars where intellectual inquiry could be carried out in the most favorable circumstances. Focused on mathematics and classical studies at the outset, the Institute today consists of the School of Historical Studies, the School of Mathematics, the School of Natural Sciences, and the School of Social Science. Each school has a small permanent faculty, and some 190 fellowships are awarded annually to members visiting the Institute from other research institutions and universities throughout the world. The Founders’ original letter to the first trustees described the objectives of the Institute as follows: “The primary purpose is the pursuit of advanced learning and exploration in fields of pure science and high scholarship to the utmost degree that the facilities of the institution and the ability of the faculty and students will permit.”

(b) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying financial statements, which are presented on the accrual basis of accounting, have been prepared to focus on the Institute as a whole and to present net assets and revenues, expenses, gains, and losses based on the existence or absence of donor-imposed restrictions. Accordingly, net assets and changes therein are classified as follows: • Without Donor Restrictions—Net assets not subject to donor-imposed stipulations. Net assets without donor restrictions may be designated for specific purposes by action of the Board of Trustees. • With Donor Restrictions—Net assets subject to donor-imposed restrictions that will be met either by actions of the Institute or the passage of time. Also included in this category are net assets subject to donor-imposed restrictions to be maintained permanently by the Institute, including gifts and pledges wherein donors stipulate that the corpus of the gift be held in perpetuity and that only the income be made available for specific purposes. Other restricted items in this net asset category include annuity and life income gifts for which the ultimate purpose of the proceeds is subject to donor-imposed restrictions. Revenues are reported as increases in net assets without donor restrictions unless use of the related asset is limited by donor-imposed restrictions. Expenses are reported as decreases in net assets without donor restrictions. Expiration of donor-imposed restrictions that simultaneously increase net assets without donor restrictions and decrease net assets with donor restrictions are reported as net assets released from restrictions. In the statements of activities, the Institute includes in operations all revenue and expenses that are an integral part of its program and supporting activities. Change in the fair value of bond swap liability, gain on sale of plant assets and other components of net periodic pension cost are recognized as nonoperating activities.

(i) Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, except for those managed as a component of the Institute’s investment portfolio.

(ii) Mortgages Receivable The Institute regularly offers first mortgages on primary residences to full-time faculty and senior admin­ istrative employees who have met certain requirements stipulated by the Board of Trustees.

(iii) Investments Investments in marketable securities are reported in the financial statements at fair value based on published market quotations. Investments in limited partnerships and hedge funds are reported in the financial statements at estimated fair value using net asset value (NAV) or its equivalent as a practical expedient, based upon values provided by external investment managers or general partners, unless it is probable that all or a portion of the

97 investment will be sold for an amount different from NAV. The Institute reviews and evaluates the values ­provided by external investment managers and general partners and agrees with the valuation methods and assumptions used in determining the fair value of funds. These estimated fair values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for these securities existed. As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Institute had no plans or intentions to sell investments at amounts different from NAV. The statements of activities recognize unrealized gains and losses on investments as increases and decreases, respectively, in net assets without donor restrictions unless their use restricted by explicit donor stipulation or law. Gains and losses on the sale of investment securities are calculated using the specific-identification method.

(iv) Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: • Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities • Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities • Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liabilities. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on available market information and judgments about the financial asset, including estimates of timing, amount of expected future cash flows, and the credit standing of the issuer. In some cases, the fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to inde­ pendent markets. In addition, the disclosed fair value may not be realized in the immediate settlement of the financial asset and does not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time an entire holding of a particular financial asset. Potential taxes and other expenses that would be incurred in an actual sale or settlement are not reflected in amounts disclosed. NAV is used as a practical expedient for certain commingled funds, privately held investments, and securities held in partnership format for which a readily determinable fair value is not available, unless the Institute believes such NAV calculation is not measured in accordance with fair value. These values may differ signifi­ cantly from values that would have been used had a readily available market existed for such investments, and that difference could be material to the change in net assets of the Institute.

(v) Plant Assets and Depreciation Proceeds from the sale of plant assets, if there are no donor-imposed restrictions, are transferred to operating funds or, if subject to donor-imposed restrictions, to amounts with donor restrictions for plant acquisitions. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets on a straight-line basis (buildings and capital improvements 20–40 years, equipment 3–6 years).

(vi) Split-Interest Agreements The Institute is the beneficiary of various unitrusts, a pooled income fund, and a gift annuity fund. The Institute’s interest in these split-interest agreements is reported as a contribution in the year received and is calculated as the difference between the fair value of the assets contributed to the Institute and the estimated liability to the beneficiary. This liability is computed using actuarially determined rates and is adjusted annu­ ally to reflect changes in the life expectancy of the donor or annuitant, amortization of the discount, and other changes in the estimates of future payments. The assets held by the Institute under these arrangements are recorded at fair value as determined by quoted market prices and are included as a component of investments.

(vii) Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs represent costs incurred in connection with debt financing. Amortization of these costs is provided on the effective interest method extending over the remaining term of the applicable indebtedness.

(viii) Asset Retirement Obligation The Institute recognizes the fair value of a liability for legal obligations associated with asset retirements in

98 the period in which the obligation is incurred if a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the obligation can be made. When the liability is initially recorded, the Institute capitalizes the cost of the asset retirement obligation by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. The liability is accreted to its present value each period and the capitalized cost associated with the retirement obligation is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of the obligation, any difference between the cost to settle the asset retire­ ment obligation and the liability recorded is recognized as a gain or loss in the statements of activities.

(ix) Contributions Contributions, including unconditional promises to give, are recognized initially at fair value as revenues in the period received. Conditional promises to give are not recognized until they become unconditional, that is when the conditions on which they depend are met. Contributions of assets other than cash are recorded at their estimated fair value. Pledges of contributions to be received after one year are discounted at a risk-­ adjusted discount rate. The discount rates range from 1.74% to 2.81%. Amortization of discount is recorded as additional contribution revenue in accordance with donor-imposed restrictions, if any, on the contributions. The inputs to the fair value estimate are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Contributions of long-lived assets are reported as unconditional contribution revenue. Contributions restricted for the acquisition of grounds, buildings, and equipment are reported as revenue with donor restrictions. These contributions are reclassified to net assets without donor restrictions when the associated long-lived asset is placed in service. Included in contributions are gifts from members of the Board of Trustees which are received in the normal course of business.

(x) Grants The Institute receives grants from a number of sources including corporations, foundations and governmental agencies. Grants are evaluated as to whether they qualify as contributions or exchange transactions as defined by U.S. GAAP and to determine if there are any donor restrictions. Based on the Institute’s review of grants received, the granting agency does not receive commensurate value for the grant and therefore grant income is considered a voluntary, nonreciprocal transaction that meets the definition of a contribution. Each grant also has one or more barriers, which must be overcome which therefore categorize them as conditional contributions for the Institute. Grant revenue with donor imposed conditions is recorded initially as deferred revenue (if the funds are received in advance) and is reported as revenue as the conditions are satisfied. At the same time, the Institute records net assets released from restrictions to match the expenses incurred in satisfying the donor restrictions.

(xi) Auxiliary Activity The Institute receives income and incurs expenses relating to the operations of a dining services facility and a housing complex on campus for the use by our community of scholars. The income and expenses are displayed on the statement of activities as Auxiliary Activity. The revenue streams include income from the sale of food and beverages, rental income, laundry income and pet registration fees. These revenue streams, except for rental income, are recognized at the point in time in which the service is provided. Rental income is recognized over a period of time since the tenants are simul­ taneously receiving and consuming the benefit of the service provided. Auxiliary income is recognized in the fiscal year in which the service is delivered.

(xii) Functional Allocation of Expenses The costs of providing program services and support services of the Institute have been summarized on a functional basis in the statements of activities. These costs include direct and indirect costs that have been allocated, on a consistent basis, among the programs and administrative expenses. Natural expenses are accounted for on a direct cost basis to the school or department upon which the expenses is incurred. There are certain indirect costs that cannot be charged on a direct basis. The Institute allocates these costs (academic building expenses including costs to maintain the academic buildings, interest and depreciation) to the schools and supporting departments reported in the accompanying statement of activities on a square footage basis. Note 10 shows the relationship between the functional and natural classifications of expenses. Fundraising expenses incurred by the Institute amounted to $3,131,077 and $1,958,071 for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This amount is included in administration and general expenses in the accompanying statements of activities.

99 (xiii) Tax Status The Institute is exempt from federal income taxes pursuant to Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code) and is listed in the Internal Revenue Service Publication 78. The Institute has been classified as a public charity under Section 509(a) of the Code. There are certain transactions that could be deemed unrelated business income and would result in a tax liability. Management reviews transactions to estimate potential tax liabilities using a threshold of more likely than not. It is management’s estimation that there are no material tax liabilities that need to be recorded.

(xiv) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Estimates also affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(xv) New Accounting Standards Adopted In fiscal year 2019, the Institute adopted the provisions of the applicable Accounting Standards Updates (ASU), as follows; ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): This ASU requires that “an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the con­ sideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services,” which replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The Institute performed an analysis of the provi­ sions of the ASU and concluded that the adoption of this ASU did not significantly impact the Institute’s financial statements. ASU 2016-14, Not-for-Profit Entities (Topic 958): Presentation of Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Entities. This guidance which is intended to improve the net asset classification requirements and the information presented in the financial statements and notes about a not-for-profit entity’s liquidity, financial performance, and cash flows. The Institute adopted the main provisions of this guidance which includes (1) Presentation of two classes of net assets rather than the previously required three. Net assets without donor restrictions, previously reported as unrestricted net assets of $367,373,266, and net assets with donor restrictions, previously reported as temporarily restricted net assets of $211,062,206 and permanently restricted net assets of $255,847,749, in 2018; (2) Recognition of capital gifts for construction as a net asset without donor restrictions when the asso­ ciated long-lived asset is placed in service, and (3) Recognition of underwater funds as a reduction in net assets with donor restrictions. This guidance also enhances disclosures for board designated amounts, composition of net asset without donor restrictions, liquidity (note 3), and requires the reporting of expenses by both natural and functional classification (note 10). ASU 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. This ASU requires the Institute to present the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the line items where compensation is reported. All other cost components of net periodic benefit cost are presented on the statement of activities outside of operating income. The Institute applied these changes retrospectively. ASU 2018-08, Not-for-Profit Entities (Topic 958): Clarifying the Scope and the Accounting Guidance for Contributions Received and Contributions Made. This ASU clarifies (1) whether transactions should be accounted for as contri­ butions (nonreciprocal transactions) within the scope of Topic 958, Not-for-Profit Entities, or as exchange (reciprocal) transactions subject to other guidance and (2) determining whether a contribution is conditional. The Institute performed an analysis of the provisions of this ASU and concluded that the adoption of this ASU did not significantly impact the Institute’s financial statements.

(xvi) Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform with the current year presentation and as a result of the adoption of the new accounting standards.

(xvii) Future Accounting Standards The FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842): which requires all lessees to recognize all leases, including operating leases, on-balance sheet via a right of use asset and lease liability, unless the lease is a short term lease. The Institute is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU and plans to adopt ASU 2016-02 for the year ending June 30, 2020.

100 The FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which changes how not-for-profit entities report specific cash flow issues. The significant requirements of the future ASU relate to (1) debt prepayment or extinguishment costs, (2) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, and (3) distributions received from equity method investees. The Institute is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU and plans to adopt ASU 2016-15 for the year ending June 30, 2020. The FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash: which requires that the statement of cash flows explains the change in the total of cash, cash equivalents and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents for the fiscal year. The Institute is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU and plans to adopt ASU 2016-18 for the year ended June 30, 2020.

(2) Contributions Receivable Contributions receivable at June 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

______2019 ______2018 Amounts expected to be collected: Less than one year $ 5,450,000 10,175,180 One to five years 11,719,901 16,869,901 ______17,169,901 27,045,081 Discount for present value (1.74%–2.81%) (1,218,768) (2,938,888) ______Total $ 15,951,133 24,106,193 ______

At June 30, 2019 and 2018, 97% and 78% of gross contributions receivable and 21% and 43% of contributions revenue are from four donors, respectively. During fiscal year 2011, the Institute received two conditional pledges totaling $100 million to enhance the Institute’s endowment fund. The pledges were conditioned on the Institute raising an additional $100 million in cash or pledges from third-party donors in the period January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2015, which have been met. The conditional pledge payments began in June 2011 and will continue through June 30, 2022. As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Institute has recorded revenue totaling approximately $100.5 million and $97.8 million, respectively, relating to these conditional pledges.

(3) Liquidity and Availability of Resources Resources available to the Institute to fund general expenditures have seasonal variations during the year attributable to a concentration of contributions received at calendar and fiscal year-end and transfers from the endowment. The Institute actively manages its resources to align its cash inflows with anticipated outflows, including approving the endowment draw rate in accordance with policies approved by its Board of Trustees. As further described in note 8, the Institute has lines of credit which may be drawn on, if needed, to manage cash flows. Financial assets and liquidity resources available within one year for general expenditures, such as operating expenses, scheduled principal and interest payments on debt, and capital constructions costs not financed with debt, at June 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

______2019 ______2018 Financial assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,129,094 2,046,757 Accounts receivable due less than 1 year, net 69,949 250,685 Mortgages receivable due less than 1 year, net 561,260 579,277 Contributions receivable due less than 1 year 5,450,000 10,175,180 Endowment appropriated for expenditure—operations ______47,557,100 ______44,626,900 Total financial assets available within one year 58,767,403 57,678,799 Liquidity resources: Lines of credit ______50,000,000 ______50,000,000 Total financial assets and liquidity resources available within one year $ 108,767,403 107,678,799 ______

101 (4) Investments, Funds Held by Bond Trustee, and Beneficial Interest in Remainder Trust (a) Overall Investment Objective The overall investment objective of the Institute is to invest its assets in a prudent manner that will achieve a long- term rate of return sufficient to fund a portion of its annual operating activities and capital preservation. The Institute diversifies its investments among various managers and investment opportunities. Substantially all of the investments are pooled with each individual fund subscribing to or disposing of units on the basis of the market value per unit, determined on a quarterly basis. Major investment decisions are authorized by the Board’s Investment Committee, which oversees the Institute’s investment program in accordance with established guidelines.

(b) Allocation of Investment Strategies The Institute may hold shares or units in traditional institutional funds, traditional stocks and fixed-income securities, as well as in alternative investment funds involving hedged strategies, private equity, and real asset strategies. Hedged strategies involve funds whose managers have the authority to invest in various asset classes at their discretion, including the ability to invest long and short. Funds with hedged strategies generally hold securities or other financial instruments for which a ready market exists and may include stocks, bonds, put or call options, swaps, currency hedges, and other instruments and are valued accordingly. Private equity funds employ buyout and venture capital strategies and focus on investments in turn-around situations. Real asset funds generally hold interests in public real estate investment trusts or commercial real estate through sole-member entities. Private equity and real asset strategies therefore often require the estimation of fair values by the fund managers in the absence of readily determinable market values. Because of the inherent uncertainties of valuation, these estimated fair values may differ significantly from values that would have been used had a ready market existed, and the differences could be material. Such valuations are determined by fund managers and generally consider variables such as operating results, comparable earnings multiples, projected cash flows, recent sales prices, and other pertinent information and may reflect discounts for the illiquid nature of certain investments held. The following tables summarize the Institute’s investments and other assets at fair value by major category in the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, as well as related strategy, liquidity, and funding commitments:

______June 30, 2019 Investments ______Total ______Level 1 ______Level 2 ______Level 3 ______at NAV Investments: Long-term investment strategies: Hedge funds—onshore: Emerging markets $ 494,770 — — — 494,770 Multiple strategies ______45,728,879______— ______— ______— ______45,728,879

Total ______46,223,649______— ______— ______— ______46,223,649 Hedge funds—offshore: Structured credit 16,218,967 — — — 16,218,967 Distressed/high-yield 990,139 — — — 990,139 Emerging markets 10,934 — — — 10,934 Equities—long bias 17,934,730 — — — 17,934,730 Equities—long/short 31,279,081 — — — 31,279,081 Fixed income arbitrage 25,040,305 — — — 25,040,305 Multiple strategies 194,744,214 — — — 194,744,214 Quantitative/CTA 70,983,674 — — — 70,983,674 Insurance 35,780,986 — — — 35,780,986 Bio tech/healthcare 32,841,186 — — — 32,841,186 Discretionary macro 16,280,036 — — — 16,280,036 Energy trading ______152,313______— ______— ______— ______152,313 Total $ 442,256,565 — — — 442,256,565 ______Limited partnerships 216,388,962 — — — 216,388,962 Exchange-traded funds 9,882,000 9,882,000 — — — Cash and cash equivalents 71,685,551 71,685,551 — — —

102

______June 30, 2019 Investments ______Total ______Level 1 ______Level 2 ______Level 3 ______at NAV Other investments: Assets held under split-interest agreements: Cash and cash equivalents $ 55,761 55,761 — — — Fixed income securities ______3,632,860 ______— ______— ______3,632,860 ______—

Total investments $ 790,125,348 81,623,312 — 3,632,860 704,869,176 ______Other assets: Beneficial interest in remainder trust $ 1,968 1,968 — — — Funds held by bond trustee: U.S. government obligations ______872,355______— ______872,355 ______— ______—

Total other assets $ 874,323 1,968 872,355 — — ______

______June 30, 2018 Investments ______Total ______Level 1 ______Level 2 ______Level 3 ______at NAV Investments: Long-term investment strategies: Hedge funds—onshore: Emerging markets $ 525,853 — — — 525,853 Multiple strategies ______46,377,701______— ______— ______— ______46,377,701

Total ______46,903,554______— ______— ______— ______46,903,554 Hedge funds—offshore: Structured credit 15,778,348 — — — 15,778,348 Distressed/high-yield 1,095,899 — — — 1,095,899 Emerging markets 25,332 — — — 25,332 Equities—long bias 19,569,096 — — — 19,569,096 Equities—long/short 56,970,468 — — — 56,970,468 Fixed income arbitrage 23,512,649 — — — 23,512,649 Multiple strategies 192,052,446 — — — 192,052,446 Quantitative/CTA 88,291,229 — — — 88,291,229 Quantitative equity long/short 11,523,826 — — — 11,523,826 Insurance 32,702,355 — — — 32,702,355 Bio tech/healthcare 30,308,671 — — — 30,308,671 Discretionary macro 18,065,459 — — — 18,065,459 Energy trading ______1,016,895______— ______— ______— ______1,016,895

Total $ 490,912,673 — — — 490,912,673 ______

Limited partnerships 196,847,254 — — — 196,847,254 Cash and cash equivalents 70,648,379 70,648,379 — — —

103

______June 30, 2018 Investments ______Total ______Level 1 ______Level 2 ______Level 3 ______at NAV Other investments: Assets held under split-interest agreements: Cash and cash equivalents $ 73,647 73,647 — — — Fixed income securities ______3,797,307 ______— ______— ______3,797,307 ______—

Total investments $ 809,182,814 70,722,026 — 3,797,307 734,663,481 ______Other assets: Beneficial interest in remainder trust $ 1,066,466 — — 1,066,466 — Funds held by bond trustee: U.S. government obligations ______852,322______— ______852,322 ______— ______—

Total other assets $ 1,918,788 — 852,322 1,066,466 — ______

The following tables present the Institute’s activities for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 for investments classified in Level 3:

______2019 Assets held under split-interest agreement Beneficial Fixed interest in income remainder ______Level______3______roll______forward______securities______trust______Total______Fair value at June 30, 2018 $ 3,797,307 1,066,466 4,863,773 Dispositions (267,729) (1,025,173) (1,292,902) Net appreciation (realized and unrealized) ______103,282______(41,293)______61,989______

Fair value at June 30, 2019 $ ______3,632,860______— ______3,632,860______

______2018 Assets held under split-interest agreement Beneficial Fixed interest in income remainder ______Level______3______roll______forward______securities______trust______Total______Fair value at June 30, 2017 $ 3,748,875 1,061,403 4,810,278 Dispositions (276,218) — (276,218) Net appreciation (realized and unrealized) ______324,650______5,063______329,713______Fair value at June 30, 2018 $ 3,797,307 1,066,466 4,863,773 ______

104 The Institute’s accounting policy is to recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers between investments classified as Level 1 and Level 2 for the years ended June 30, 2019 or 2018. For the year ended June 30, 2019, the beneficial interest in remainder trust investment transferred out of Level 3 and into Level 1. There were no transfers in or out of investments classified as Level 3 for the years ended June 30, 2018. Private equity and venture capital investments are generally made through limited partnerships. Under the terms of such agreements, the Institute may be required to provide additional funding when capital or liquidity calls are made by fund managers. These partnerships have a limited existence, and they may provide for annual extensions for the purpose of disposing portfolio positions and returning capital to investors. However, depending on market ­conditions, the inability to execute the fund’s strategy or other factors, a manager may extend the terms of a fund beyond its originally anticipated existence or may wind the fund down prematurely. The Institute cannot anticipate such changes because they generally arise from unforeseeable events, but should they occur, they could reduce liquidity or originally anticipated investment returns. Accordingly, the timing and amount of future capital or liquidity calls in any particular future year are uncertain. As of June 30, 2019, the Institute is obligated under certain limited partnership agreements to advance additional funding in the amount of $126,688,129, which is anticipated to be called over the next 10 years. Investment liquidity as of June 30, 2019 is aggregated below based on redemption or sale period:

Investment ______fair values Investment redemption or sale period: Daily $ 71,685,551 Monthly 85,237,588 Quarterly 105,189,114 Semiannually 70,370,603 Annually 84,932,156 Subject to rolling lock ups or other restrictions 149,380,261 Illiquid ______223,330,075 Total as of June 30, 2019 $ 790,125,348 ______

(c) Funds Held by Bond Trustee Funds held by bond trustee represent funds held for debt service payments to be made for the various bond indentures. These funds are being held in trust by U.S. Bank.

(d) Redemption Restrictions—Hedge Funds At June 30, 2019, the Institute had hedge fund investments of approximately $488,480,000, of which approximately $67,692,350 was restricted from redemption for lock-up periods. At June 30, 2018, the Institute had hedge fund investments of approximately $537,816,000, of which approximately $75,963,700 was restricted from redemption for lock-up periods. Some of the investments with redemption restrictions allow early redemption for specified fees. The terms and conditions upon which an investor may redeem an investment vary, usually with the majority requiring 30 to 180 days’ notice after the initial lock-up period. The expirations of redemption lock-up periods are summarized in the table below:

Amount ______Fiscal year: 2020 $ 38,966,420 2021 25,473,440 2022 and thereafter ______3,252,490 Total $ 67,692,350 ______

105 (e) Redemption Restrictions—Limited Partnerships At June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Institute had limited partnership investments of approximately $216,389,000 and $196,847,300, respectively, which were restricted from redemption for lock-up periods. Some of the investments with redemption restrictions allow early redemption for specified fees. The terms and conditions upon which an investor may redeem an investment vary, usually with the majority requiring 30 to 180 days’ notice after the initial lock-up period. The expirations of redemption lock-up periods are summarized in the table below:

______Amount Fiscal year: 2020 $ 28,738,500 2021 4,008,930 2022 34,636,600 2023 12,122,710 2024 15,542,670 2025 and thereafter ______121,339,590 Total $ 216,389,000 ______

(5) Investment Return and Endowment Spending Policy Investment return consists of interest, dividends, and realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments. Each year, the Institute includes a portion of its endowment return in its operating budget, with the amount of such planned support determined using its spending policy. The policy of the Institute is to distribute for current spending a percentage of the fair value of pooled investments, which is determined by the Board of Trustees annually. The budgeted spending rate for operating and capital purposes was 6.84% and 6.16% for 2019 and 2018, respectively. The actual spending rate for operating and capital purposes was 5.96% and 5.75% for 2019 and 2018, respectively. The following tables summarize the investment return and its classification in the statements of activities for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018: 2019 ______Without donor With donor restrictions restrictions Total ______Investment income, net of investment expenses $ (791,049) (1,370,856) (2,161,905) Net appreciation (realized and unrealized) 15,435,982 18,823,341 34,259,323 ______$ 14,644,933 17,452,485 32,097,418 ______

2018 ______Without donor With donor restrictions restrictions Total ______Investment income, net of investment expenses $ (1,066,685) (1,722,859) (2,789,544) Net appreciation (realized and unrealized) 27,786,300 31,945,883 59,732,183 ______$ 26,719,615 30,223,024 56,942,639 ______

(6) Endowment The Institute’s endowment consists of approximately 120 individual funds established for a variety of purposes including both donor-restricted endowment funds and funds designated by the Board of Trustees to function as endowments. Net assets associated with endowments, including funds designated by the Board of Trustees to function as endowments, are classified and reported based on the existence or absence of donor-imposed restrictions.

106 (a) Interpretation of Relevant Law The Institute has interpreted the New Jersey-enacted version of the Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act (UPMIFA) as allowing the Institute to appropriate for expenditure or accumulate so much of a donor-­ restricted endowment fund as the Institute determines is prudent for the uses, benefits, purposes, and duration for which the endowment fund is established, subject to the intent of the donor as expressed in the gift instrument. Unless stated otherwise in the gift instrument, the assets in a donor-restricted endowment fund are donor-restricted assets until appropriated for expenditure by the Board of Trustees of the Institute. As a result of applicable accounting guidance, the Institute classifies as net assets with donor restrictions (a) the original value of gifts donated to the permanent endowment, (b) the original value of subsequent gifts to the permanent endowment, and (c) the ­accumulations to the permanent endowment made in accordance with the direction of the applicable donor gift instrument at the time the accumulation is added to the fund. The remaining portion of the donor-restricted endow­ ment fund that is not classified as endowment fund corpus within the net assets with donor restrictions is classified as net assets with donor purpose restrictions until those amounts are appropriated for expenditure in a manner ­consistent with the standard of prudence prescribed by UPMIFA. From time to time, the fair value of assets associated with individual donor-restricted endowments may fall below the original corpus the fund included in net assets with donor restrictions due to unfavorable market fluctuations subsequent to the investment of the gift. Under the provisions of UPMIFA, spending from such endowment funds with deficiencies would be permitted. Deficiencies of this nature, which are reported in net assets with donor restrictions, totaled approximately $2,086,000 and $1,952,000 at June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Subsequent gains that restore the fair value of the assets of the donor-purpose restricted endowment fund are classified as an increase in net assets with donor restrictions. Below is a schedule which represents the composition of the Institute’s endowment funds and funds designated by the Board of Trustees to function as endowments by type of fund as of June 30, 2019 and 2018:

______2019 Without ______With donor restrictions donor Original Accumulated ______restrictions ______gift ______gains ______Total Undesignated $ 207,880,560 — — 207,880,560 Specific purpose designated funds 132,573,325 — — 132,573,325 Donor—purpose restricted funds — 10,836,804 166,145,736 176,982,540 Endowment fund corpus ______— ______258,946,153 ______— ______258,946,153

$ 340,453,885 269,782,957 166,145,736 776,382,578 ______

______2018 Without ______With donor restrictions donor Original Accumulated ______restrictions ______gift ______gains ______Total Undesignated $ 220,599,374 — — 220,599,374 Specific purpose designated funds 131,472,898 — — 131,472,898 Donor-restricted funds — 8,336,803 171,021,471 179,358,274 Endowment fund corpus ______— ______253,636,411 ______— ______253,636,411

$ 352,072,272 261,973,214 171,021,471 785,066,957 ______

107 Changes in the Institute’s endowment funds and funds designated by the Board of Trustees to function as endowments for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

Without ______With donor restrictions donor Original Accumulated ______restrictions ______gift ______gains ______Total Net assets, June 30, 2017 $ 345,616,287 256,078,368 161,944,422 763,639,077 Investment returns: Investment income, net (1,368,357) — (1,587,839) (2,956,196) Net appreciation (realized and unrealized) ______27,786,300 ______— ______31,769,170 ______59,555,470) Total investment return 26,417,943 — 30,181,331 56,599,274 Contributions 137,000 5,894,846 — 6,031,846 Appropriation for expenditure— operations ______(20,098,958) ______— ______(21,104,282) ______(41,203,240)

Net assets, June 30, 2018 ______352,072,272 ______261,973,214 ______171,021,471 ______785,066,957

Investment returns: Investment income, net (1,075,587) — (1,343,894) (2,419,481) Net appreciation (realized and unrealized) ______15,435,982 ______— ______18,842,518 ______34,278,500

Total investment return 14,360,395 — 17,498,624 31,859,019 Contributions 52,000 7,809,743 — 7,861,743 Appropriation for expenditure— operations ______(26,030,782) ______— ______(22,374,359) ______(48,405,141) Net assets, June 30, 2019 $ 340,453,885 269,782,957 166,145,736 776,382,578 ______

(b) Funds with Deficiencies From time to time, the fair value of assets associated with individual donor restricted “true” endowment funds may fall below the level of the donor or UPMIFA requires to be retained as a fund of perpetual duration. Deficiencies of this nature are reported in net assets with donor restrictions. As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, funds with an original gift of $3,087,675 and $2,987,675 were “underwater” by $2,086,798 and $1,952,195, respectively.

(c) Return Objectives and Risk Parameters The Institute has adopted investment and spending policies for endowment assets that attempt to provide a predictable stream of funding to programs supported by its endowment while seeking to maintain the purchasing power of the endowment assets.

(d) Strategies Employed for Achieving Objectives The Institute manages its investments in accordance with a total return concept and the goal of maximizing returns within acceptable levels of risk. The Institute relies on a total return strategy in which investment returns are achieved through both capital appreciation (realized and unrealized) and current yield (dividends and interest). The Institute’s spending policy is designed to provide a stable level of financial support and to preserve the real value of its endowment.

108 (7) Physical Plant Physical plant and equipment are stated at cost at date of acquisition, less accumulated depreciation. A summary of plant assets at June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows: 2019 2018 ______Land $ 373,738 373,738 Land improvements 3,013,115 2,983,905 Buildings and improvements 188,798,187 175,816,514 Equipment 38,261,197 37,229,054 Rare book collection 203,508 203,508 Joint ownership property ______5,131,177 ______4,728,370 235,780,922 221,335,089

Accumulated depreciation ______(105,523,276) ______(99,164,381) Net book value $ 130,257,646 122,170,708 ______

(8) Long-Term Debt A summary of long-term debt at June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

2019 2018 ______2006 Series B—NJEFA $ 19,500,000 21,100,000 2006 Series C—NJEFA 14,300,000 14,900,000 2008 Series C—NJEFA 1,420,000 2,090,000 2012 Taxable 14,915,000 15,325,000 2015 Taxable 14,355,000 14,675,000 2017 Taxable ______24,495,000 ______25,000,000 Long-term debt 88,985,000 93,090,000 Less: Unamortized bond discount (274,115) (297,976) Unamortized debt issuance costs ______(690,096) ______(752,349) Total long -term debt $ ______88,020,789 ______92,039,675 ______

Interest expense on long-term debt for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $3,207,818 and $2,946,063, respectively.

(a) 2006 Series B In July 2006, the Institute received proceeds of the New Jersey Educational Facilities Authority (the Authority) offering of $29,600,000 Revenue Bonds, 2006 Series B of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. The 2006 Series B Bonds were issued to finance the advance refunding of the outstanding 1997 Series G Bonds, the partial advance refunding of the 2001 Series A Bonds, and to pay a portion of certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2006 Series B Bonds.

(b) 2006 Series C In March 2007, the Institute received proceeds of the Authority offering of $20,000,000 Revenue Bonds, 2006 Series C of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. Proceeds are being used to finance the costs of construction, renovating, and equipping certain educational facilities of the Institute to fund capitalized interest on the 2006 Series C Bonds during the renovation and construction and to pay certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2006 Series C Bonds.

(c) 2008 Series C In March 2008, the Institute received proceeds of the Authority offering of $11,255,000 Revenue Bonds, 2008 Series C of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. The 2008 Series C Bonds were issued to finance the advance refunding

109 of outstanding 1997 Series F Bonds, the advance refunding of outstanding 1997 Series G, and to pay a portion of certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2008 Series C Bonds.

(d) 2012 Taxable In December 2012, the Institute received proceeds of $17,320,000 Taxable Bonds, 2012 Series of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue, which were issued at a discount of approximately $92,000. The 2012 Taxable Bonds were used to finance the advance refunding of outstanding 2001 Series A Bonds, to fund renovations to the Members Housing facility and the costs of renovation and equipping certain educational facilities of the Institute and to pay certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2012 Taxable Bonds.

(e) 2015 Taxable In November 2015, the Institute received proceeds of $15,300,000 Taxable Bonds, 2015 Series of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue, which were issued at a discount of approximately $80,000. The 2015 Taxable Bonds were used to fund capital projects at the Institute and for other corporate purposes of the Institute and to pay certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2015 Taxable Bonds.

(f) 2017 Taxable In November 2017, the Institute received proceeds of $25,000,000 Taxable Bonds, 2017 Series of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue, which were issued at a discount of approximately $84,000. The 2017 Taxable Bonds were used to fund capital projects at the Institute and for other corporate purposes of the Institute and to pay certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2017 Taxable Bonds.

(g) Interest Rates The 2006 Series B and C Bonds bear interest at variable rates. The bonds were issued in the weekly mode with weekly rates determined by Lehman Brothers Inc., as a Remarketing Agent and paid monthly. The maximum interest rate on the 2006 Bonds shall be twelve percent (12%) per annum. The 2006 bonds are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through July 1, 2031 (Series B) and July 1, 2036 (Series C). The obligation to pay the Authority on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation of the Institute. On September 18, 2008, the Institute entered into a contract with JPMorgan Chase Bank to take over as a remarketing agent, replacing Lehman Brothers Inc. The 2008 Series C Bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 3% to 5% per annum, payable semiannually, are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through July 1, 2021. The obligation to pay the Authority on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation of the Institute. The 2012 Taxable bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 0.388% to 3.892% per annum, payable semiannually, are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through December 1, 2042. The obligation to make the interest payments on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation to the Institute. The 2015 Taxable bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 0.906% to 4.394% per annum, payable semiannually, are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through December 1, 2045. The obligation to make the interest payments on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation to the Institute. The 2017 Taxable bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 1.713% to 3.732% per annum, payable semiannually, are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through November 1, 2047. The obligation to make the interest payments on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation to the Institute.

(h) Bond Swap Agreement On December 22, 2008, the Institute entered into a swap agreement with Wells Fargo Bank covering $28,900,000 of outstanding 2006 Series B Bonds that required the Institute to pay a fixed rate of 3.7702% to Wells Fargo Bank in exchange for Wells Fargo Bank agreeing to pay the Institute a variable rate equal to 67% of the USD-LIBOR- BBA rate with a term of three months, payable monthly, on an identical notional amount. The notional value of the 2006 Series B Bond is $22,300,000. The effective date of the swap was December 22, 2008, and the termination date of the swap agreement coincides with the maturity of the bonds, which is July 1, 2031. The Institute entered into this swap agreement with the intention of lowering its effective interest rate. At June 30, 2019 and 2018, the fair value of the interest rate swap was ($2,788,944) and ($2,316,450), respectively. The unrealized

110 gain recognized during the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 in the amount of ($472,494) and $1,130,869, respec­ tively, is reported in the statements of activities in change in fair value of bond swap liability. The swap agreement utilizes Level 2 inputs to measure fair value. The fair value of the interest rate swap was determined using pricing models developed based on the LIBOR swap rate and other market data. Under the swap agreement, the Institute may be required to post collateral to the counterparty if certain triggering events (rates and dollar thresholds) are met. As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, there was no requirement to post collateral imposed by the swap counterparty. The bonds are repayable as follows at June 30, 2019: Amount ______Year ending June 30: 2020 $ 4,275,000 2021 4,325,000 2022 3,735,000 2023 3,965,000 2024 4,105,000 2025 through 2048 ______68,580,000 Total $ 88,985,000 ______

The 2006 Series B, 2006 Series C, and 2008 Series C bonds are secured by a pledge of revenues pursuant to the respective Loan Agreements.

(i) Lines of Credit As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Institute had unsecured loan agreements representing a line of credit. As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, the agreements provide for borrowings up to $50,000,000, of which $30,000,000 is available through June 2020 and $20,000,000 is available through March 2022. Interest payments are due on demand and interest accrues for the $20,000,000 line of credit at the LIBOR rate plus 90 basis points, which was 3.18% as of June 30, 2019 and for the $30,000,000 line of credit at LIBOR rate plus 50 basis points, which is 2.78% as of June 30, 2019. There were no borrowings in fiscal year 2019 or 2018 against the lines of credit. No interest expense was incurred for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

(j) Standby Bond Purchase Agreement On July 17, 2017, in connection with the substitution of the Standby Bond Purchase Agreements, the 2006 Bonds were subject to mandatory tender for purchase and were remarketed with an alternate liquidity facility on July 17, 2017. The 2006 Bonds continue to be in the Weekly Mode, with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC serving as a Remarketing Agent for the Bonds. Each Series of the 2006 Bonds are secured by a new Standby Bond Purchase Agreement issued by TD Bank, N.A.

(9) Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits Separate voluntary defined-contribution retirement plans are in effect for faculty members and eligible staff personnel, both of which provide for annuities, which are funded, to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association and/or the College Retirement Equities Fund. Contributions are based on the individual participant’s compensation in accordance with the formula set forth in the plan documents on a nondiscriminatory basis. Contributions for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled approximately $2,666,000 and $2,389,000, respectively. In addition to providing pension benefits, the Institute provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees and faculty. Substantially, all of the Institute’s employees may become eligible for these benefits if they meet minimum age and service requirements. The Institute accrues these benefits over a period in which active employees become eligible under existing benefit plans. The components of net periodic postretirement benefit cost other than the service cost component are included in a line item in the nonoperating activities section of the statement of activities.

111 The following table provides a reconciliation of the change in benefit obligation of the plan at June 30, 2019 and 2018. There are no plan assets at June 30, 2019 or 2018.

2019 2018 Postretirement benefit obligation: ______Retirees $ 6,494,495 6,508,512 Fully eligible active plan participants 3,012,837 3,014,814 Other active plan participants ______10,077,450 ______8,785,626 Postretirement benefit obligation $ 19,584,782 18,308,952 ______Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 18,308,952 17,832,643 Service cost 800,235 799,501 Interest cost 745,173 680,320 Benefits paid (450,870) (437,552) Actuarial gain 181,292 (565,960) ______

Benefit obligation at end of year $ ______19,584,782 ______18,308,952 ______Components of net periodic benefit cost: Service cost $ 800,235 799,501 Interest cost 745,173 680,320 Amortization of net gain 181,292 (565,960) ______Net periodic postretirement benefit cost $ 1,726,700 913,861 ______

______2019 ______2018 Benefit obligation weighted average assumptions at June 30, 2019 and 2018: Discount rate 3.50 % 4.13% Periodic benefit cost weighted average assumptions for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018: Discount rate 4.13 % 3.87%

The healthcare trend rate is assumed to be 6.5% in fiscal 2019 and 6.0% in fiscal 2018, trending to an ultimate rate of 5.0% in 2028 and thereafter. The effects of a 1% increase or decrease in trend rates on total service and interest cost and the postretirement benefit ­obligation are as follows:

______2019 ______2018 Increase Decrease Increase Decrease ______Effect on total service and interest cost $ 465,436 (334,858) 461,657 (323,423)

Effect on the postretirement benefit obligation 4,924,714 (3,542,289) 4,236,423 (3,129,519)

112 Projected payments for each of the next five fiscal years and thereafter through 2029 are as follows:

Amount ______Year ending June 30: 2020 $ 493,000 2021 502,000 2022 518,000 2023 541,000 2024 574,000 2025 through 2029 3,467,000

The Institute funds claims as they are incurred. The Institute does not expect to contribute any amounts in fiscal year 2019 or 2018, except as needed to provide for benefit payments.

(10) Natural Allocation of Expenses The costs of providing program services and support services of the Institute have been summarized on a functional basis in the statement of activities. The following chart shows the relationship between the functional and natural classifications of expenses. Certain operating costs have been allocated among the functional categories as disclosed in note 1(b). Expenses by natural classification for the year ended June 30, 2019 consist of the following:

113 Expenses by natural classification for the year ended June 30, 2018 consist of the following:

(11) Net Assets Net assets are comprised of the following at June 30, 2019 and 2018: 2019 2018 ______Net assets without donor restrictions: Undesignated $ 223,454,839 235,900,368 Designated for specific purpose funds: School of Mathematics 16,308,145 15,974,456 School of Natural Sciences 21,936,096 22,233,177 School of Historical Studies 17,251,781 17,143,252 School of Social Science 1,505,873 1,445,076 Libraries and other academic 70,895,415 70,207,753 Administration and general ______4,676,015 ______4,469,184 Designated for specific purpose funds ______132,573,325 ______131,472,898 Total net assets without donor restrictions $ 356,028,164 367,373,266 ______Net assets with donor restrictions and appropriation through endowment spending policy: Subject to expenditure for specific purpose: School of Mathematics $ 28,787,317 30,227,248 School of Natural Sciences 21,646,276 20,939,995 School of Historical Studies 36,675,554 38,004,769 School of Social Science 58,140,108 59,192,260 Libraries and other academic 6,624,038 6,595,422 Administration and general ______56,790,270 ______58,313,850 Net assets with donor-purpose restrictions 208,663,563 213,273,544 Net assets held as endowed fund corpus to generate income for specified purposes ______258,946,153 ______253,636,411

Total net assets with donor restrictions $ 467,609,716 466,909,955 ______

(12) Subsequent Events The Institute evaluated events subsequent to June 30, 2019 through October 28, 2019, the date on which the financial ­statements were issued, and determined there were no subsequent events required to be disclosed.

114

Institute for Advanced Study Study Advanced for Institute

Re port for port 2 0 1

INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY 8–2 EINSTEIN DRIVE

PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 08540 0 1

(609) 734-8000 9 www.ias.edu