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The International Space Station Hearing Committee S. HRG. 108–1008 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SPACE OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 29, 2003 Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 20–770 PDF WASHINGTON : 2016 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 06:51 Jul 20, 2016 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\GPO\DOCS\20770.TXT JACKIE SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona, Chairman TED STEVENS, Alaska ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina, CONRAD BURNS, Montana Ranking TRENT LOTT, Mississippi DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas JOHN B. BREAUX, Louisiana GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota PETER G. FITZGERALD, Illinois RON WYDEN, Oregon JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada BARBARA BOXER, California GEORGE ALLEN, Virginia BILL NELSON, Florida JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire MARIA CANTWELL, Washington FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey JEANNE BUMPUS, Republican Staff Director and General Counsel ROBERT W. CHAMBERLIN, Republican Chief Counsel KEVIN D. KAYES, Democratic Staff Director and Chief Counsel GREGG ELIAS, Democratic General Counsel SUBCOMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SPACE SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas, Chairman TED STEVENS, Alaska JOHN B. BREAUX, Louisiana, Ranking CONRAD BURNS, Montana JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia TRENT LOTT, Mississippi JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada RON WYDEN, Oregon GEORGE ALLEN, Virginia BILL NELSON, Florida JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 06:51 Jul 20, 2016 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\20770.TXT JACKIE C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on October 29, 2003 .......................................................................... 1 Statement of Senator Brownback ........................................................................... 1 Statement of Senator Nelson .................................................................................. 2 WITNESSES Li, Allen, Director, Acquisition and Sourcing Management, U.S. General Ac- counting Office ...................................................................................................... 11 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 14 Park, Robert L., Department of Physics, University of Maryland ...................... 20 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 21 Pawelczyk, Ph.D., James A., Associate Professor of Physiology and Kinesi- ology, Pennsylvania State University ................................................................. 23 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 25 Readdy, William F., Associate Administrator for Spaceflight, National Aero- nautics and Space Administration; accompanied by Mary Kicza, Associate Administrator for Biological and Physical Research ......................................... 3 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 7 Zygielbaum, Arthur I., Director, National Center for Information Technology and Education, University of Nebraska ............................................................. 28 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 30 APPENDIX Letter dated March 2003 from Mr. Masse Bloomfield, Canoga Park, Cali- fornia ..................................................................................................................... 51 (III) VerDate Nov 24 2008 06:51 Jul 20, 2016 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\20770.TXT JACKIE VerDate Nov 24 2008 06:51 Jul 20, 2016 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\20770.TXT JACKIE THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 29, 2003 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SPACE, COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION, Washington, DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:10 p.m. in room SR–253, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. Sam Brownback, Chairman of the Subcommittee, presiding. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. SAM BROWNBACK, U.S. SENATOR FROM KANSAS Senator BROWNBACK. I want to thank you all for joining us here this afternoon. This is the second hearing today on NASA and space station issues. I appreciate having the opportunity to hear from our witnesses regarding the safety and the future of the Inter- national Space Station. It has been a big day on the Hill for the space industry. This morning, Senator McCain held a hearing on the future of NASA, and the House held a hearing on the management issues at NASA. This afternoon, we’ll be talking about the future of NASA, but our focus is specifically on the International Space Station, ISS. In just the past week, there has been a lot of public discussion about the International Space Station. The Washington Post last week reported on the safety factors aboard the International Space Station. The Post reported that prior to the Expedition 8 crew being launched to the space station, two NASA health and environ- ment officials objected to the launch citing concerns of potential degradation of the environmental monitoring and health mainte- nance systems. There have been follow-up articles on this issue in the Post, including an editorial by NASA Administrator Sean O’Keefe. All these articles will be made a part of the record. This hearing was planned before the press began to report the initial concerns at NASA, but this hearing is turning out to be quite timely. I’m pleased that Mr. Readdy is here today, along with the rest of our panel. I’m looking forward to a candid discussion be- tween all witnesses on this subject. I’d like to thank all the witnesses for being here today. It’s my hope that this hearing will help to clarify and alleviate the imme- diate concerns we share here in Congress with regard to the astro- nauts’ safety aboard the station. The recent reports draw our attention to the safety issues on the space station and whether or not the mission and scientific re- (1) VerDate Nov 24 2008 06:51 Jul 20, 2016 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 S:\GPO\DOCS\20770.TXT JACKIE 2 search done aboard the station is enough to sustain a national vi- sion for space exploration. Last week, I met with Mr. Readdy. He was kind enough to come to my office, and I asked him to provide me with a list of experi- ments being conducted aboard the ISS. I have gotten some feed- back, and I will be questioning Mr. Readdy in our discussion about this today, and I do want to get a full list of all the experiments being done or conducted on the ISS so that we can have a full vet- ting about the quality of the science aboard it. I also want to talk today about the Orbital Space Plane, the OSP, and how that program relates to the space station. Some of our col- leagues in the House recently sent a letter to Administrator O’Keefe urging him to defer the current program until the White House and Congress are able to complete a review of the Nation’s space program. OSP was originally expected to cost about $4 bil- lion, but NASA has stated they are prepared to spend up to $14 billion to complete the project by 2008. However, it’s difficult to de- cipher exactly what America will be getting from the OSP, and it’s even more difficult to try to justify such a vehicle when the Inter- national Space Station is not yet complete. I’m afraid that letter is right, from my colleagues on the House side, we must ensure the money we are putting toward new space vehicles is going to result in furthering the Nation’s space program. I’ve noted this morning’s hearing—I don’t have the chart here with me today, but we’ve previously, over the past decade, started five replacement programs of one type or another for the space shuttle, discontinued all five of them at a cost of $5 billion, and not much to show for it. I don’t want to start another one and get in the middle and stop and waste another billion, two billion, or more dollars. Obviously, we have a lot to talk about. I’d like to welcome our witnesses. Before I introduce the witnesses, I’ll go to my colleague from Florida for his opening statement. STATEMENT OF HON. BILL NELSON, U.S. SENATOR FROM FLORIDA Senator NELSON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Welcome. I would like, in the course of this hearing, to have some assurances that what happened over the course of the past decade, where the Space Station budget and the Space Shuttle budget were blended together under the human spaceflight budget, so that it became less transparent, so that money was moved around out of the Space Shuttle into the Space Station on some of the cost overruns—some assurance that that doesn’t occur again. We need the separation so that Congress can fulfill its responsible role of oversight of the Executive
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