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A History of Northwest Colorado
II* 88055956 AN ISOLATED EMPIRE BLM Library Denver Federal Center Bldg. 50, OC-521 P-O. Box 25047 Denver, CO 80225 PARE* BY FREDERIC J. ATHEARN IrORIAh ORADO STATE OFFICE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT 1976 f- W TABLE OF CONTENTS Wb Preface. i Introduction and Chronological Summary . iv I. Northwestern Colorado Prior to Exploitation . 1 II. The Fur Trade. j_j_ III. Exploration in Northwestern Colorado, 1839-1869 23 IV. Mining and Transportation in Early Western Colorado .... 34 V. Confrontations: Settlement Versus the Ute Indians. 45 VI. Settlement in Middle Park and the Yampa Valley. 63 VII. Development of the Cattle and Sheep Industry, 1868-1920... 76 VIII. Mining and Transportation, 1890-1920 .. 91 IX. The "Moffat Road" and Northwestern Colorado, 1903-1948 . 103 X. Development of Northwestern Colorado, 1890-1940. 115 Bibliography 2&sr \)6tWet’ PREFACE Pu£Eose: This study was undertaken to provide the basis for identification and evaluation of historic resources within the Craig, Colorado District of the Bureau of Land Management. The narrative of historic activities serves as a guide and yardstick regarding what physical evidence of these activities—historic sites, structures, ruins and objects—are known or suspected to be present on the land, and evaluation of what their historical significance may be. Such information is essential in making a wide variety of land management decisions effecting historic cultural resources. Objectives: As a basic cultural resource inventory and evaluation tool, the narrative and initial inventory of known historic resources will serve a variety of objectives: 1. Provide information for basic Bureau planning docu¬ ments and land management decisions relating to cultural resources. -
Journal of the Western Slope
JOURNAL OF THE WESTERN SLOPE VO LUME II. NUMBER 1 WINTER 1996 ~,. ~. I "Queen" Chipeta-page I Audre Lucile Ball : Her Life in the Grand Valley From World War 1I Through Ihe Fifties-page 23 JOURNAL OF THE WESTERN SLOPE is published quarterly by two student organizations at Mesa State College: the Mesa State College Historical Society and the Alpha-Gamma-Epsilon Chapter of Phi Alpha Theta. Annual subscriptions are $14. (Single copies are available by contacting the editors of the Journal.) Retailers are en couraged to write for prices. Address subscriptions and orders for back issues to: Mesa State College Journal of the Western Slope P.O. Box 2647 Grand Junction, CO 81502 GUIDELINES FOR CONTRIBUTORS: The pu'pOSfI 01 THE X>URNAl OF THE WESTERN SlOf'E is 10 I!flCOUrIIge tdloIarly sl\l(!y 01 CoIorIIdD'$ Western Slope. The primary goat is to pre5erve !loci leeonl its hislory; IIowewI. IttideS on anlhlopology', economics, govemmelli. naltJfal histOtY. arod SOCiology will be considered. Author$hlP is open 10 anyomt who wishel to svbmiI original and 5dloIarly malerialliboullhe WMteln Slope. The ed~OtS encourage teners oIlnq~ .rom prOSp8CIlYG authors. 5eI'Id matMiahs lind IellafS 10 THE JOURNAL Of THE WESTERN SLOPE, MeS<! State College. P.O. Box 26<&7. Grand June tion,C081502, I ) ConlrlbulOfS are requasled 10 senCIltleir mallUscript on an IBM-compalibla disk. DO NOT SEND THE ORIGINAL. Editol1l will not retlJm disl\s, Matarial snoold be tootnoted. The editors will give preien,.... ce to submissions at about IMrnly·live pages. 2) AlkJw thtlll(!itol1l sixty days to review mar.uscripts. -
The Colorado Wickiup Project Volume IV Part I
The Colorado Wickiup Project Volume IV: Recordation and Re-evaluation of Twenty-seven Aboriginal Wooden Feature Sites in Garfield, Mesa, Moffat and Rio Blanco Counties, Colorado Completed for The Colorado Historical Society State Historical Fund and Bureau of Land Management DARG Dominquez Archaeological Research Group A consortium for cultural resources research, preservation and education in the northern Colorado Plateau The Colorado Wickiup Project Volume IV Part I: Recordation and Re-evaluation of Twenty-seven Aboriginal Wooden Feature Sites in Garfield, Mesa, Moffat and Rio Blanco Counties, Colorado Part II: Ute Culture History and an Assessment of NRHP Eligibility for the Yellow Creek Archaeological District Completed for The Colorado Historical Society State Historical Fund Project No. 2008-M1-25 and The Bureau of Land Management Assistance Agreement No. 1422CA30007 March 14, 2009 Prepared by Curtis Martin, Principal Investigator and Richard Ott, Project Coordinator with contributions by Nicole Darnell, GIS Specialist and James C. Miller, Research Director Dominquez Archaeological Research Group P. O. Box 3543 Grand Junction, Colorado 81503 Cultural Resource Use Permit No. C-67009 Submitted to The Colorado Historical Society Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation 1300 Broadway Denver, Colorado 80203 and The Bureau of Land Management Colorado State Office 2850 Youngfield Lakewood, Colorado 80215 Front Cover: 1. Site 5RB563, Ute Hunters' Camp. View of apparent door-ap anchors for a canvas wall tent (Feature 6). Pin ags mark locations of spent cartridge primers and other metal and glass artifacts. A sandstone netherstone or "cutting board" can be seen left of the feature. Photo 5RB_563-d_8-9. 2. 5RB563, Ute Hunters' Camp. -
Forestry and Resources for the Greatest Good, For
Gifford Pinchot- Father of American Special Edition of the forestry and INTERMOUNTAIN first Chief of the REPORTER Forest Service. His philosophy was "conserva- tion and wise use of natural resources for the greatest ?a, good, for the greatest number United States of people over Department of the long run." Agriculture He overlaid that Forest Service basic philosophy with a strong Intermountain Region "public service Ogden, Utah attitude." His philosophy, June/July 1991 more than any other, has shaped the Publisbed for Forest Service multiple-use employees and retirees by tbe Public AffairsOffice.Intermoun- management of tain Region. Forest Service, C.S. DepartmentofAgricultureFederal the National Office Building, 324 2Stb Street, Ogden. ['tab 84401 Forests during Colleen Anderson. Editor the first 100 Susan McDaniel, Design and layout Pencil drawing by Susan Sprague. a seasonal Wilderness Ranger on Wm Carson years. Ranger District of the Thiyabe National Forest. 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 IM A GE F R OM I HE P A S T Walkara Walkara, considered handsome and dashing by young Indian maidens, sat of the for this oil portrait Just months before his death in 1855. (Photo credit: The Yutas Utah State Historical Society. It was painted by Solomon Carrelbo.) HEN BRIGHAMYOUNG n0and the Mormons entered the Salt Lake , Valley in 1847, they found a domain firmly under the control of the Yutas. The Yutas (later shortened to "Utes") were a nomadic people loosely grouped into five or six bands controlled by local chiefs. In the 1840's and 1850's, Ute encampments could be found from Utah Lake to the Cedar City area. -
Tribally Approved American Indian Ethnographic Analysis of the Proposed Wah Wah Valley Solar Energy Zone
Tribally Approved American Indian Ethnographic Analysis of the Proposed Wah Wah Valley Solar Energy Zone Ethnography and Ethnographic Synthesis For Solar Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement and Solar Energy Study Areas in Portions of Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah Participating Tribes Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation, Ibapah, Utah Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah, Cedar City, Utah By Richard W. Stoffle Kathleen A. Van Vlack Hannah Z. Johnson Phillip T. Dukes Stephanie C. De Sola Kristen L. Simmons Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology School of Anthropology University of Arizona October 2011 Solar PEIS Ethnographic Assessment Page 1 WAH WAH VALLEY The proposed Wah Wah Valley solar energy zone (SEZ) is located in the southwestern portion of Utah and is outlined in red below (Figure 1). The proposed Wah Wah Valley SEZ sits in Beaver County, approximately 50 miles northwest of Cedar City and 34 miles east of the Utah/Nevada state line. State-route 21 runs through the length of the northern portion of the SEZ and provides access to the area. Figure 1 Google Earth Image of Wah Wah Valley SEZ American Indian Study Area The greater Wah Wah Valley SEZ American Indian study area lies in the Utah Basin and Range province within the Wah Wah Valley. The larger SEZ American Indian study area extends beyond the boundaries of the proposed SEZ because the presence of cultural resources extends into the surrounding landscape. The Wah Wah Valley SEZ American Indian study area includes plant communities, geological features, water sources, and trail systems located in and around the SEZ boundary. -
Utah Topic Ideas for National History Day
Utah Topic Ideas for National History Day When you're thinking of ideas for your History Day project, be sure to consider Utah history. Why? When you choose a local topic, you're likely to find a wealth of primary resources right on your doorstep. Here are some great ideas for topics with a Utah angle. Explorers, Travel, and Trade in Early Utah • Rivera Expedition • Dominguez-Escalante Expedition • Shoshone, Pauite, Ute, Gosiute, Navajo Trade Networks – The Old Spanish Trail • Trappers and the Fur Trade • James Beckwourth, African-American Fur Trader • Jim Bridger • Peter Skene Ogden • Etienne Provost • Jedediah Smith • John Weber • The Donner-Reed Party • John C. Fremont • Miles Goodyear • Stansbury Expedition (UHQ) • Gunnison Expedition • Simpson Expedition • Pony Express • John Wesley Powell • Hole-in-the-Rock Trek • John Macomb Science and Technology in Utah History • Women inventors in Utah Territory (UHQ) • John Wesley Powell’s Geographic Surveys • Paleontology and Utah’s Dinosaur Rush (UHQ) • Dr. John Widtsoe – Father of Dry Farming • Invention of the Television, Philo T. Farnsworth • Thiokol and the Exploration of Space • The Artificial Heart • The Dirty Harry Nuclear Test, Nevada Test Site • The Downwinders • Utah’s Missile Launch Sites (UHQ) • Exploring Speed on the Salt Flats • Digital Pathbreakers: WordPerfect and Novell Utah’s Diverse Cultures • Native American Histories o Washakie o Ouray o Tabby-To-Kwana o Utes and Settlers in Utah Valley o Walkara and the Walker War o Black Hawk War and Circleville Massacre o Reservation -
A History of Juab County, Utah Centennial County History Series
A HISTORY OF fjuab County Pearl D. Wilson with June McNulty and David Hampshire UTAH CENTENNIAL COUNTY HISTORY SERIES A HISTORY OF JuaB County Pearl D. Wilson with June McNulty and David Hampshire luab County, one of Utah's earliest created counties, sits along the strategic north-south corridor of the state. Prehistoric and Native American Indian cultures roamed there, as did early Spanish priests and explorers, who left an important record of the area. Trappers and traders wandered the mountains and deserts that create stark contrasts in this geo graphically diverse county. Mark Twain, an early traveler through parts of luab, penned interesting insights of the county, which contained portions of the Pony Express and Overland Stage routes. Mormon pioneers arrived to establish farms and ranches. This was followed by the build ing of railroads and mineral exploration. Rail traffic for a vast region centered in Nephi, labeled "Little Chicago." To the west, the Tintic Mining District rose as one of Utah's richest gold and silver mining areas, attract ing a more ethnically diverse population. From majestic Mount Nebo to streams and lakes and the vast sand dunes of west Juab, the county contains many recreational possibili ties. Juab County is rich in history, geogra phy, and tradition; this book tells its story. ISBN: 0-913738-20-4 A HISTORY OF Juab County A HISTORY OF ffuaB County Pearl D. Wilson with June McNulty and David Hampshire 1999 Utah State Historical Society Juab County Commission Copyright © 1999 by Juab County Commission -
BIBLIOGRAPHY of HISTORICAL BOOKS Containing History of National Forest Areas in the Intermountain Region Compiled by A.R
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HISTORICAL BOOKS Containing history of National Forest areas in the Intermountain Region Compiled by A.R. Standing, January 1964 Publisher's Manti- General Title of the Book Editor or Author Publisher Address Ashley Boise Bridger Cache Caribou Challis Dixie Fishlake Humboldt LaSal Payette Salmon Sawtooth Targhee Teton Toiyabe Uinta Wasatch Interest The American Fur Trade of the The Press of the Far West (Two Volumes) Hiram M. Chittenden Pioneers, Inc. NY, NY X X X X X X X X X X X The Ashley-Smith Explorations The Arthur H. Clark Cleveland, 1822-29 Harrison Clifford Dale Co., 1918 Ohio X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Portland, Astoria Washington Irving Binfords & Mort Oregon X X X X X Caldwell, The Bannock of Idaho Brigham D. Madsen Caxton Printers Idaho X X X X X X X X X F. C. Robertsen and Denver, Boom Towns of the Great Basin Beth K. Harris Sage Books Colorado X X X X X Daughters of the Monuments to Courage, A History Daughters of the Utah Utah Pioneers, of Beaver County, Utah Pioneers Beaver County Beaver, Utah X The Big Bonanza Dan Dequille Alfred A. Knoff, 1947 NY, NY X The Bobbs-Merrill Indianapolis, The Big Bonanza C. B. Glasscock Co. Indiana X University of Norman, Adventures of Captain Bonneville Washington Irving Oklahoma Press Oklahoma X X X X X X X X Box Elder News and Brigham City, Box Elder Lore Adolph M. Reeder Journal Utah X Harcourt, Brace and Breaking New Ground Gifford Pinchot Co. -
THE COLORADO MAGAZINE Published Quarterly by the State Historical Society of Colorado
THE COLORADO MAGAZINE Published Quarterly by The State Historical Society of Colorado Vol. XXX Denver, Colorado, April, 1953 Number 2 Rico, and the Creation of Dolores County D. II. Cunr:mKS and MARGUERITE BEARD* Today a few houses mark the site of Rico, at one time the county seat of Dolores County and the location of Pioneer Mining District, one of the richest of the early carbonate mining fields. The glory of Rico lies in its past, for today Dolores County has become famous for its raising of beans as a result of its experiment with dry farming. The location of the seat of government has accompanied this economic shift, and thus the county business is now transacted in the western part of the county at Dove Creek rather than on the Dolores at Rico. The history of Rico and the creation of Dolores County is typical of many similar incidents, but the telling of such incidents never grows old. The history of Rico is of particular interest to the historian, because the files of the Dolores X ews are so complete for the early days of the town that one can trace the complete metamorphosis from its records. 'l'he paper was begun when the site of Rico 'ms only a mining camp, and from its pages ·we can secure the story of the creation of a mining district, the incorpora tion of a town, and the organization of a new county. This then is the story of Rico and Dolores County as told by the Dolores K ews, with occasional references to the Solicl 111.illdoon, a Ouray publica tion, and the La Plata Min er, published in Sih·erton. -
A History of Duchesne County, Utah Centennial County History Series
A HISTORY OF 'Duchesne County r>* '••'""•"•• l'j •:%*'•:•• John D. Barton UTAH CENTENNIAL COUNTY HISTORY SERIES A HISTORY OF (Duchesne County John D. Barton Duchesne County, in the Uinta Basin of northeastern Utah, was opened for home- steading in 1905, the last region in the state settled by Euro-Americans, and among the last settled areas in the continental United States. Its history is a microcosm of that of the West, featuring various groups of Native Americans, Spanish explorers, fur trappers, outlaws, cowboys, miners, and freighters. It was made part of the Uintah Ute Indian Reservation in 1861. Later, it was opened to homesteading, resulting in a land rush. County residents lived a pioneering lifestyle well into the twentieth century as they home- steaded the land and built communities. In more recent times, the county has faced booms and busts based on extractive economies, large government water projects, environ mental problems, and conflict between tradi tional and contemporary ideas about land use. In recent years, the Ute Tribe has claimed jurisdiction over the land, resulting in legal battles all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court. Located on the south slope of the Uinta Mountains, Duchesne County contains many spectacular natural resources, including the highest point in the state—Kings Peak—and is loved by thousands of outdoor enthusiasts and county residents. ISBN: 0-913738-41-7 A HISTORY OF 'Duchesne County A HISTORY OF 'Duchesne County John D. Barton 1998 Utah State Historical Society Duchesne County Commission Copyright -
John Jarvie Historic Ranch: Ute Map Lesson
John Jarvie Historic Ranch: Ute Map Lesson Authored by: Amanda Scheuerman Grade 4-6 1 Jarvie Ranch Ute Lesson LESSON PLAN DETAILS Plan By: Amanda Scheuerman Time Frame: 30-45 Minutes This lesson plan is intended for fourth to sixth grade. Group Size: SUMMARY 15-30 Students Materials: Attached Maps In the Ute map lesson, students will learn about the history of the Ute people located in Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming. Life Skills: This history will include precontact lands as well as the Geography, Mapping, transformation and eventual dispossession of Ute lands. Historical Thinking, Interpretation Utes argue that they have always lived in the region they called home. The first European contact included Spanish Intended Learning explorers, fur trappers, and miners. With the arrival of Outcomes: Mormon immigrants and ranchers, Utes experienced a Students will become drastic change of life. Anglo-American peoples began familiar with Ute encroaching upon Ute lands and overtime reduced the Ute Lifeways, dispossession, land base drastically. this lesson will illustrate the loss of and culture. land that the Utes had to undergo. Students will be able to identify traditional Ute lands and compare this to contemporary reservations. 1 Relevant Core Standards Utah Standards 4th Grade: Social Studies Standard II: Students will understand how Utah’s history has been shaped by many diverse people, events, and ideas. 1. Objective 1: Describe the historical and current impact of various cultural groups in Utah. 2. Objective 2: Describe the ways that Utah has changed over time. Colorado Standards 4th Grade: Social Studies History: 1. Organize and sequence events to understand the concepts of chronology and cause and effect in the history of Colorado. -
Teacher Resource Set
Teacher Resource Set Title Ute Indian Tribe/Northern Ute People (Uintah and Ouray Reservation) Developed by Laura Douglas, Education ala Carte Grade Level 3-4 Essential Question How can primary sources help us learn about mistakes from the past and not make the same ones again in the future? What social and economic decisions caused the forced migration of the Ute people? Contextual Paragraph The Ute Tribe lives on the Uintah and Ouray Reservation in Fort Duschesne, Utah. It is the second largest Indian reservation in the US, and covers over 4.5 million acres. The tribe’s membership is 3,022 people. Over half of the membership lives on the Reservation. The Ute Indian Tribe are descendants of the Tabeguache, Yamparika, Parianuche, Uintah, Cumumba, Tupanawach, San Pitch, Pah Vant and Sheberetch bands. They were a nomadic mountain people and ranged throughout this area extensively, following the cycle of the seasons. The acquisition of the horse in 1640 allowed them to travel more easily over a wider range. For food, they hunted large game; gathered berries, nuts, roots and small game; and fished. For shelter, Utes built brush dwellings known as wickiups or used tipis. The family was, and is, the center of Ute life and includes immediate and extended family members. The decade of the 1870s brought about numerous changes in which the US Government, through a series of agreements and legislation, removed Utes from their traditional land. After the 1873 Brunot Agreement, whites interested in mining in the San Juan Mountains continued to push Utes off the land.