Gifford Pinchot- Father of American Special Edition of the forestry and INTERMOUNTAIN first Chief of the REPORTER Forest Service. His philosophy was "conserva- tion and wise use of natural resources for the greatest ?a, good, for the greatest number United States of people over Department of the long run." Agriculture He overlaid that Forest Service basic philosophy with a strong Intermountain Region "public service Ogden, Utah attitude." His philosophy, June/July 1991 more than any other, has shaped the Publisbed for Forest Service multiple-use employees and retirees by tbe Public AffairsOffice.Intermoun- management of tain Region. Forest Service, C.S. DepartmentofAgricultureFederal the National Office Building, 324 2Stb Street, Ogden. ['tab 84401 Forests during Colleen Anderson. Editor the first 100 Susan McDaniel, Design and layout Pencil drawing by Susan Sprague. a seasonal Wilderness Ranger on Wm Carson years. Ranger District of the Thiyabe National Forest. 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 IM A GE F R OM I HE P A S T Walkara Walkara, considered handsome and dashing by young Indian maidens, sat of the for this oil portrait Just months before his death in 1855. (Photo credit: The Yutas Utah State Historical Society. It was painted by Solomon Carrelbo.) HEN BRIGHAMYOUNG n0and the Mormons entered the Salt Lake , Valley in 1847, they found a domain firmly under the control of the Yutas. The Yutas (later shortened to "Utes") were a nomadic people loosely grouped into five or six bands controlled by local chiefs. In the 1840's and 1850's, Ute encampments could be found from Utah Lake to the Cedar City area. With hide tepees nearly always present, their camps resembled the Sioux and Cheyenne villages "Landofthe Yuta" on the Plains. And like their is a display at the neighbors to the east, the Territorial Statehouse in horse was the most important Fillmore, Utah, element of the Ute society featuring thelife because it enabled them to be ofWalkara. mobile and to hunt in large ex- panses of territory. Because horses were so crucial to the Ute's way of life, it was perfectly acceptable to steal them from adversaries. From the 1820's to the mid-1850's, Walkara, a tall and handsome warrior from Spanish Fork Canyon, roamed the West stealing horses and slaves. Also known as the Hawk of the Mountains, During the winter of 1854-55, Almost 145 years later, a For- materials and help with the Walkara's raids extended as far Walkara and his band camped est Service team revisited the construction. He also will see as San Luis Obispo on the coastat what is now the town of gravesite which is within the that the display is maintained. of California. On one trip to Meadow, just south of Fill- boundaries of the Fishlake Na- the coast, the Hawk returned more. Suffering from pneumo- tional Forest. Although the By July 1990, the display was with 3,000 head of Spanish nia, the Hawk died on January goal was to interpret the finished. Built of roughcut horses. 29, 1855. Walkara was buried Hawk's feats and adventures, cedar, the exhibit has three in- in a rocky slope above it was quickly decided that a formation "boards" construct- With each raid, Walkara's Meadow within a large stone monument at the grave would ed under the purview of Phil power and prestige rose. By vault. Two of his wives and a subject it to vandalism. In- Johnson, Regional Interpretive 1850, Walkara was the most slave girl were killed and plac- stead, Matt Sheridan, Utah's Services Coordinator. It is ap- powerful warrior within the ed in the grave and a slave boy Division of Parks and Recrea- propriate that as visitors look domain now claimed by the was staked alive near Wal- tion, was contacted about plac-at the display they can look to Mormons. Understandably, kara's head. All of the Hawk's ing a display on the grounds the left and see the mountain there were misunderstandings wordly possessions, including of the Territorial Statehouse in where Walkara is buried. The and conflicts between the Mor- rifles, pistols, saddles, knives Fillmore. The Statehouse, not Chief Walkara display com- mons and the Utes which and even a letter from 4 miles from the site of Wal- memorates the life and times erupted into Walkara's War in Brigham Young, were laid in kara's camp, was standing and of a man who helped shape the 1853. Warfare ended less than the tomb. The vault was then operational at the time of his early pioneer history of Utah. a year later when the Hawk covered with poles and rocks. death. Superintendent Sheri- and Brigham Young signed a Finally, 14 horses were led to dan not only offered a plot of Robert Leonard peace treaty on Chicken Creek various spots around the grave land on which to build the Fishlake National Forest near Levan. and killed. display but offered to provide Page 2 NATIVE AMERICANS I M (7E F R 0 T HE P A S T .41 N MAY 1987, A MOUN- adjacent to the graves suggest Forest not only share common By pressing a button, the tain Fuel's backhoe that the women were Fremont boundaries but an archeologi- visitor is able to hear a uncovered the remains Indians who died around A.D. cal heritage. The Fremonts who2-minute recorded message of two burials while 1050. lived in the canyons now from Chi' kein telling of life in installing a natural gas managed by the Park were the the canyon over 1,000 years pipeline in downtown Salina, Learning of the results, the Fre-same people who for 900 yearsago. Chi' kein's voice is that of Utah. Archeologists from mont Indian State Park in hunted, gathered and left a 17-year-old Navajo girl from Brigham Young University southcentral Utah received per-campsites all over the Window Rock. were quickly brought in to ex- mission to have one of the highlands that became a twen- hume the skeletons. Carefully skeletons sent to Sharon Long, tieth century National Forest. People claim that Chi' kein removed and packed, the re- a forensic pathologist in makes archeology come alive mains were sent to a Laramie, Wyoming. Using a Assisted by members of the for them. They can see beyond pathologist for examination. method developed to identify Central Utah Archeological the rows of pots and ar- the skeletal remains of murderSociety, a new display was rowheads to the people that According to the pathologist, and accident victims, Ms. Long designed and built by the Fre- made them so long ago! And the skeletons were of young used clay to reconstruct the mont Indian State Park with the real Chi' kein, since women who had died between cranial and facial muscles of challenge cost-share dollars. reburied in south-central Utah, the ages of 17 and 20. this 1,000-year-old woman. So Dedicated in the fall of 1990, is probably at peace knowing Although the remains of both precise is this cranial overlay the exhibit features a sculpted, that in her own small and exhibited signs of malnutritionprocess that we can assume full-sized and lifelike Indian unexpected way she is helping and severe dental problems, a that reconstruction of the face woman. Named Chi' kein to preserve the heritage of a single bruised thigh bone was is about 95 percent accurate. (Navajo for young person), she people that seemed to walk off the only direct trace of trauma. wears a tanned deerskin dress, the face of the earth nearly 8 Further examination revealed When Fremont Indian State hide moccasins, and a robe centuries ago. that the women were slender, Park received the cranial made from 80 rabbit hides. had never borne children, and overlay, the Fishlake National Standing amid a natural settingRobert W. Leonard were only between 4'10" and Forest offered to fund constuc-of cliffs, petroglyphs, pinyon Fishlake National Forest 5'0" in height. Radiocarbon tion of a new display for the and rabbitbrush, Chi' kein has dates from organic materials Park's museum. The Park and just risen from grinding corn. Cl,! keit, (Navajo for _young person) wears a tanned deerskin dress, bide moccasins, and a robe made from 80 rabbit hides. This sculpted, full, sized and lifelike Indian woman is a 4 new display in the Fremont Indian Slate Park Museum. ... _5.1' 1 Nov From Dust to Dust ComesaBreath of the Past NATIVE AMERICANS Page 3 IM A G E F R 0 T HE P A S T WESTWARD HO... EFORE THE "WHITES" neers. Unfortunately, this was were the first to discover and more than half of its came to the area that also long after the area had minerals in American Fork acreage went to form the is now the Uinta Na- already been overgrazed and Canyon which attracted suffi- Ashley National Forest. tional Forest, it was heavily timbered by farmers cient people to populate inhabited by the Utes, and logging companies. several thriving settlements The year 1909 brought the Piutes, Shoshone and during the 1860's and 1870's. emergence of the first profes- Timpanogotzis. Mormon pioneers settled this To service the many mines, sionally trained Forest Service area in 1847. The mountains ofsawmills and a smelter, a nar- workers. Working together Uinta is an Indian word that the Uinta National Forest pro- row gauge railroad was built inwith the predominantly Mor- means "fine land" and that is vided settlers timber for shel- 1871 to move lead and silver mon population, much of the what Father Escalante found as ter and fuel for cooking and ore out of the canyon.