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Harry Gwala District Municipality

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Harry Gwala District Municipality HARRY GWALA DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK STATUS QUO REPORT DRAFT March 2018 TITLE AND APPROVAL PAGE Project Name: Harry Gwala District Municipality Environmental Management Framework Report Title: Status Quo Report Authority Reference: N/A Report Status Draft Client: Prepared By: Nemai Consulting +27 11 781 1730 147 Bram Fischer Drive, +27 11 781 1731 FERNDALE, 2194 [email protected] PO Box 1673, SUNNINGHILL, www.nemai.co.za 2157 Report Reference: 10627–20180320 R-PRO-REP|20150514 Authorisation Name Date Author: D. Henning 20/03/2018 Reviewed By: N. Naidoo 20/03/2018 This Document is Confidential Intellectual Property of Nemai Consulting C.C. © copyright and all other rights reserved by Nemai Consulting C.C. This document may only be used for its intended purpose Harry Gwala District Municipality EMF: Status Quo Report (Draft) AMENDMENTS PAGE Amendment Date: Nature of Amendment Number: 01/12/2017 First Version for PSC Review 0 20/03/2018 Second Version for Public Review 1 Harry Gwala District Municipality EMF: Status Quo Report (Draft) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. INTRODUCTION The Harry Gwala District Municipality (HGDM), in partnership with the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Department of Economic Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs (EDTEA), embarked on a process to develop an Environmental Management Framework (EMF) for the district. Nemai Consulting was appointed to prepare the HGDM EMF. An EMF includes a framework of spatially represented information connected to significant environmental (i.e. ecological, social and economic) parameters, such as ecology, hydrology, infrastructure and services. A key function of an EMF is to proactively identify areas of potential conflict between development proposals and critical/sensitive environments. This report represents the Status Quo assessment (Volume 1) of the HGDM EMF process and serves to understand the current state of the environment and to identify the issues, opportunities and constraints in Harry Gwala. The outcomes of the status quo will provide the foundation upon which the remainder of the EMF deliverables will be built. HGDM, formerly known as the Sisonke District Municipality, is a Category C Municipality situated in the south of KZN. The district covers an area of 10 547km². The district borders with Umgungundlovu DM to the north-east, Alfred Nzo DM to the south and south-west, Ugu DM to the south-east and Lesotho to the north-west. The district also includes the southernmost part of the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park World Heritage Site (UDPWHS). In order to address the triggers for sustainable development in the HGDM and the priority environmental opportunities and constraints, some of the key objectives of the EMF include facilitating environmental decision-making and providing strategic guidance on environmental, economic and social issues in the District. The catalysts for initiating the HGDM EMF fall within the following categories: 1. Significant environmental factors; 2. Development pressures; 3. Environmental threats; and 4. Resource management issues. March 2018 i Harry Gwala District Municipality EMF: Status Quo Report (Draft) B. EMF DEVELOPMENT APPROACH The EMF development approach, which is outlined in the figure to follow, is consistent with the requirements stipulated in the National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998) and the EMF Regulations (GN No. R547 of 18 June 2010). C. ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE The Environmental Profile describes the current state of the environment which was ascertained through inter alia baseline evaluations and descriptions, specialist studies (as required), desktop assessments, existing data assimilation and field verification and assessment (as required) March 2018 ii Harry Gwala District Municipality EMF: Status Quo Report (Draft) The environment in the District is explained in terms of the following features and attributes that serve as the building blocks for the environment. Where possible, these elements have been spatially represented in the EMF Geographic Information System (GIS). Environmental Features Assessed during the EMF Status Quo Phase . Climate . Urban Edges . Geology . Demographic Profile . Geohydrology . Economic Profile . Terrain Morphology . Tourism . Surface Water . Access to Services . Terrestrial Ecology . Electricity Supply . Agricultural Potential . Transportation . Soils . Solid Waste Management . Air . Health Facilities . Land Use & Land Cover . Disaster Management . Spatial Planning . Traditional Leadership . Strategic Integrated Projects . Land Claims . Historical & Cultural Resources D. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES This first phase of the EMF development process culminates in the identification of environmental management priorities through an understanding of the environmental issues, constraints and opportunities within the District. E. TRANSITION FROM STATUS QUO TO DESIRED STATE With the foundation of the EMF set through the Status Quo Phase, the next step is to determine a realistic desired state for the environment in HGDM. Establishing the desired state includes providing the environmental management context for the management zones and related requirements for the various environmental features for the Srategic Environmental Management Plan (SEMP). It will also focus on addessing the imperatives that lead to the instigation of the EMF development process. The approach to defining a desired state in Harry Gwala is based on evaluating and integrating environmental management priorities, environmental sensitivity, development opportunities, development pressures and trends, as well as public aspirations. March 2018 iii Harry Gwala District Municipality EMF: Status Quo Report (Draft) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 EMF Study Area 2 1.3 EMF Objectives 5 1.4 EMF Development Principles 5 1.5 The Difference between a Strategic Environmental Assessment and EMF 6 2 HGDM EMF DRIVING FORCES 7 2.1 General 7 2.2 Significant Environmental Factors 7 2.3 Development Pressures and Trends 8 2.4 Environmental Threats & Resource Management Issues 9 3 EMF DEVELOPMENT APPROACH 11 3.1 Introduction 11 3.2 EMF Content 11 3.3 EMF Methodology 11 3.3.1 Project Inception 12 3.3.2 Information Gathering 13 3.3.3 Public Participation Process 14 3.3.4 Status Quo Assessment 16 3.3.5 Desired State of the Environment 16 3.3.6 Management Zones 17 3.3.7 Strategic Environmental Management Plan 17 3.3.8 Project Geographic Information System 18 3.4 Assumptions and Limitations 18 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUTORY FRAMEWORK 20 4.1 EMF Enabling Legislation 20 4.2 Generic Environmental Management Legislation 24 National Environmental Management Act ( 24 March 2018 iv Harry Gwala District Municipality EMF: Status Quo Report (Draft) Environmental Conservation Act ( 28 4.3 Policies, Strategies, Plans & Programmes 30 4.3.1 National Development Plan 30 4.3.2 A National Framework for Sustainable Development in South Africa 32 4.3.3 National Strategy for Sustainable Development and Action Plan 33 4.3.4 National Water Resource Strategy 34 4.3.5 National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment 34 4.3.6 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 34 4.3.7 National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas 35 4.3.8 KZN Systematic Conservation Plan 36 4.3.9 HGDM Biodiversity Sector Plan 36 4.3.10 KZN Policy for Agricultural Land Potential, Development Rights and Application Processes 37 4.3.11 HGDM IDP & SDF 37 4.4 Management of Environmental Features 37 4.5 Institutional Roles and Responsibilities 44 4.5.1 Environmental Authorities 44 4.5.2 Other Environmental Governance Role Players 46 4.5.3 Environmental Management at Local Level 46 5 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS QUO 48 5.1 Climate 48 5.1.1 General 48 5.1.2 Rainfall 49 5.1.3 Temperature 50 5.1.4 Climate Change 51 5.2 Geology 54 5.2.1 Regional Geology 54 5.3 Geohydrology 61 5.3.1 General 61 5.3.2 Hydrogeological and groundwater quality characterisation of aquifers 62 5.3.3 Groundwater studies 64 5.3.4 Monitoring 67 5.4 Terrain Morphology 68 5.4.1 General Description 68 5.5 Surface Water 71 5.5.1 General Catchment Characteristics 72 5.5.2 Rivers in HGDM 73 5.5.3 River FEPA 75 5.5.4 Fish Sanctuaries 77 5.5.5 Wetlands 78 March 2018 v Harry Gwala District Municipality EMF: Status Quo Report (Draft) 5.5.6 District BSP 81 5.5.7 Ecological Infrastructure 84 5.5.8 Dams 86 5.5.9 Pollution Sources 86 5.6 Terrestrial Ecology 87 5.6.1 Biomes and Vegetation Types 87 5.6.2 Terrestrial Threatened Ecosystems 101 5.6.3 Conservation & Protected Areas 104 5.6.4 KZN Stewardship Sites 105 5.6.5 Critical Biodiversity Areas 106 5.6.6 KZN CBA: Optimal Areas 107 5.6.7 Ecological Support Areas 108 5.6.8 Landscape and Local Corridors 109 5.6.9 UDPWHS and Transfrontier Conservation Area 112 5.6.10 Centre of Endemism 114 5.6.11 Plant Species of Conservation Importance in HGDM 115 5.6.12 Invasive Alien Species 116 5.6.13 Fauna 117 5.7 Agriculture Potential & Soils 125 5.7.1 Status of Agriculture in HGDM 125 5.7.2 Agricultural Sector Profile 125 5.7.3 Land Reform 127 5.7.4 Climatic factors 127 5.7.5 Land Form 128 5.7.6 Soils 129 5.7.7 Land Cover 132 5.7.8 Predicted Soil Loss and Erosion 132 5.7.9 Land Capability 134 5.7.10 Climate Capability 137 5.7.11 KZN Agricultural Land Categories 137 5.7.12 Livestock Grazing Capacity 139 5.7.13 Bio Resource Groups 141 5.7.14 Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture 146 5.8 Air 146 5.8.1 Overview 146 5.8.2 Sources of Air Pollution 147 5.9 Land Use and Land Cover 149 5.10 Spatial Planning 150 5.10.1 Provincial Growth and Development Strategy
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