Afghanistan, American , , , , British Indian Ocean Territory, Darussalam, , , , Cocos Keeling Islands, , , , , French Southern Territories, , , , , , , , , , , , , , Micronesia, , , , , , , , , , , , , , Pitcairn, Samoa, , , , , , , , , , , Islands.

Effective in the Asia Pacific

Internet number resource distribution as a model of enhanced cooperation

Asia Pacific Network Information Centre About APNIC APNIC provides key services to all stakeholders in the Asia Pacific Pacific Asia the in region, suchas: stakeholders all to services key provides APNIC • • • • • • • • • APNIC staff Providing community ontheglobalstage Representing theinterests theAsiaPacific Internet of economies localemerging support to fellowship developmentAdministering and grants research programs liaison and Presenting statistics service Maintaining theIP 2008 rootdeployment of DNSservers –from1in2002to35 scalabilityinthe Improving the Internet Asia Pacific by supporting through APNIC skilldevelopmentDelivering and industry Pacific Internet Developing policies a need thatdemonstrates (AS) numbers ororganization toany network Distributing IPaddresses System Autonomous and consultation onInternetdevelopment training andprovidingwhois database apublic access APNIC services andtechnicaldevelopments through APNIC thatmeetthechangingneedsof Asia capacity building capacity programs programs by key APNIC supports the IGF

Since its creation in 1992, APNIC has been actively involved in related activities.

APNIC supports the Internet Governance Forum’s (IGF’s) work to facilitate discussions on matters affecting multiple stakeholder groups and to provide an open forum that addresses emerging issues.

APNIC encourages all stakeholders to work together during IGF 2008 and in the future to support the continued growth, security, and stability of the Internet.

About APNIC APNIC is one of five Regional Internet Registries managing global Internet number distribution. APNIC represents the Asia Pacific region, comprising 56 economies, including China and India.

APNIC ensures the fair distribution and responsible management of the (IP) addresses and related numeric resources that are required for the stable and secure operation of the Internet.

If you are interested in the development of the Internet in the Asia Pacific, APNIC encourages you to join the APNIC community and participate in the development of Internet number resource management policies in the Asia Pacific region. APNIC supports the IGF APNIC’s commitment to the IGF’s goals APNIC has contributed to the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) and IGF processes since their inception by participating in preparatory and regional meetings in addition to both the and Summits and the subsequent IGF meetings. APNIC holds Internet governance workshops to encourage further participation in the IGF by the Asia Pacific Internet community.

APNIC, WSIS, and the IGF APNIC, Asian Regional Conference, WSIS 13-15 January Geneva Phase Tokyo, Japan

WSIS Intersessional Meeting 2003 15-18 July Paris, France

World Summit on the Information 10-12 December Society Geneva, Switzerland

PrepCom-1, Tunis Phase 2004 24-26 June Hammamet, Tunisia

Fourth Meeting of WGIG 14-17 June Geneva, Switzerland

PrepCom-3 2005 19-30 September Geneva, Switzerland

PrepCom-3 13-15 November Tunis, Tunisia 2008 2007 2006 2005 3-6 December 26 August 25 February 12-15 November 3 September 2 November 30 October- 16-18 November

Hyderabad, India Internet Governance Forum Christchurch, New Zealand Internet governance hui, APNIC 26 Taipei, Taiwan APNIC 25 towardsPartnership IGFin Asia, Rio deJaneiro, Internet Governance Forum New Delhi, India Towards IGF2008, APNIC 24 Athens, Inaugural InternetGovernance Forum Tunis, Tunisia Society World SummitontheInformation

APNIC, WSIS, and the IGF APNIC in South Asia

APNIC serves the following South Asian economies: , Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. In total, 16.3% of APNIC’s resource holders come from the South Asian region.

Number of APNIC account holders in South Asia MV 4

APNIC in South Asia APNIC in South AF 10 PK 57

BD 83 NP 16 LK 12

BT 5

IN 228

ISPs and businesses in South Asia hold a total of 1.21 /8s (“slash 8s”) of IPv4 (equivalent to 20.3 million addresses) and 35 /32s of IPv6. Each /32 of IPv6 provides for as many network hosts as there are addresses available in the entire IPv4 address space.

Total number of /24s Distribution of IPv6 delegations used by South Asian economies in South Asia

BT 3% NP 3% LK 6% BT 88 BD 2281 AF 257 BD 19% NP 402 IN 70053 IN 47%

PK 5406 BT 146 LK 157 PK 22%

Note: Afghanistan and Maldives have not yet requested IPv6 resources PI hs ind os Mmrnus f nesadn) ih a number ofassociationsinSouth with Asia, including: Understanding) of (Memorandums MoUs signed has APNIC South Asia (inChennai, Colombo, Delhi, Dhaka, Karachi, andMumbai). and has fullyfunded the or installation partially of in six root DNS servers 2004 in Officer Liaison Asia South dedicated first its appointed APNIC Mumbai, India. in 1999 in held was region the in event training APNIC first the since special emphasis on training, conducting 77 training events in South Asia To services, of development Internet the assist rapid APNIC has placed (ISOC), andtheNetworkers’ SocietyofPakistan (NSP). Exchange of India (NIXI), Nepal Internet Exchange (NPIX), APNIC also has established working relationships with the National Internet • • • • • • South Asia Network Operators Group(SANOG) South Operators Asia Network Providers Association (LISPA) Service Lanka Internet Providers Association ofPakistan (ISPAK) Service Internet Providers Association ofNepal(ISPAN) Service Internet Providers Association ofIndia(ISPAI) Service Internet Providers Association ofBangladesh(ISPAB) Service Internet Community outreach

APNIC in South Asia APNIC from a global perspective These organizations work together within a model of enhanced enhanced of oftheInternet. stability andsecurity model a within together cooperation and multistakeholder work coordination to ensure the continued organizations These strong relationshipswithotherregionalandglobalorganizations. has and community Internet global the of part important an is APNIC OECD Forums for high-level National Internet Registries (NIRs) Internet governance ISPAI

ASO

APRICOT discussions on TWNIC CNNIC VNNIC KRNIC AusNOG JPNIC Internet standards APJII ISP associations ISPAK AfriNIC CNNIC APv6TF ICANN IETF development APTLD APOPS ITU APNG APAN IANA ARIN ISPAN ISOC APJII IETF APT AIT IAB IGF ISP ISPAB IAB IGF APNIC fromaglobalperspective LISPA Internet Service Provider Service Internet Society Internet Internet Governance Forum Internet Internet Engineering Engineering Internet Task Force Internet Corporation for Corporation Assigned NamesandNumbers Internet American Registry for Internet Numbers for Internet Registry American Forum Asia Pacific Operators Asosiasi Penyelenggara Indonesia JasaInternet Asia Pacific Advanced Network Internet Internet Assigned Numbers Authority Internet Architecture Board Center Information China Network Organization Address Supporting Operators’ Group Network Australian Asia Pacific Group Networking Asia Pacific IPv6 Task Force Asia Pacific Top Level Domain Association Asia Pacific Telecommunity Asia Pacific Conference onOperational RegionalInternet Technologies Asian Instituteof Technology Centre Information Network African NRO/ ASO IXPs AIT IP address management RIPE NCC LACNIC APNIC AfriNIC ARIN NIRs APNIC Groups Network Operators’ Asia PacificInternetorganizations A G O N PAC APTLD APRICOT IANA JANOG APNG APv6TF TA I P APT NZNOG APAN NSP Regulation andlaw Internet technicalcoordination ISOC ISPs Governments AusNOG Network Operators’Groups APOPS Regulators Technical operators TLDs ICANN Vendors PHNOG SANOG ISOC chapters ISOC-Chennai IPv6 Forums ISOC-AU PICISOC IXPs Technical operators Internet standards IP address management development Network Operators’ Groups RIPE NCC IETF IAB ISPs Vendors IXPs AfriNIC

APNIC IANA

NRO/ NIRs Regulation and law Forums for high-level ASO discussions on Governments Internet governance LACNIC Regulators OECD ITU IGF ARIN

Internet technical coordination

ICANN

ISOC TLDs IPv6 Forums The Asia Pacific context

APNIC has strong ties with many Internet-related organizations in the Asia Pacific region and regularly participates in regional dialogues. MoUs with several of these organizations help coordinate activities.

National Internet Asia Pacific Internet organizations Registries (NIRs) APRICOT APv6TF APJII AIT APTLD APNG APAN CNNIC

JPNIC ISOC chapters APT KRNIC ISOC-Chennai

TWNIC APNIC ISOC-AU

VNNIC PICISOC PITA

ISP associations Network Operators’ ISPAK ISPAB IXPs Groups NSP AusNOG PHNOG

ISPAI ISPAN LISPA PACNOG JANOG NZNOG APOPS SANOG

ISPAK Internet Service Providers Association of Pakistan ISPAI Internet Service Providers Association of India ISPAN Internet Service Providers Association of Nepal ITU International Telecommunications Union IXP JANOG Japan Network Operators’ Group JPNIC Japan Network Information Center KRNIC Korea Network Information Center LACNIC Latin American and Caribbean Internet Address Registry LISPA Lanka Internet Service Providers Association NRO Number Resource Organization NSP Networkers Society of Pakistan NZNOG New Zealand Network Operators’ Group OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PHNOG Philippines Network Operators’ Group PITA Pacific Islands Telecommunication Association PACNOG Pacific Network Operators’ Group RIPE NCC Réseaux IP Européens Network Co-ordination Centre SANOG South Asia Network Operators’ Group TLD Top Level Domain TWNIC Taiwan Network Information Center VNNIC Vietnam Network Information Center APNIC in the Asia Pacific APNIC in the Informing the Asia Pacific in theDeploymentofIPv6. and IPv4 of Management the in Considerations Space:Economic Address report, OECD 2008 the towards expertise his contributed Huston,recently Scientist, Geoff mechanisms, Chief APNIC’s transition IPv6 and depletion IPv4 on research his for renowned Internationally bodies suchasICANN, ITU, andOECD. and gathering analysis, producing results that are referenced globally by APNIC’s IPv4 and IPv6 research and development activities include data inyour economy:addresses delegatedtonetworks IPv6 and available for use in and research analysis. IPv4 You publicly on can use are them to analyse IP reports region. These Pacific statistics Asia the and within delegations reports regular produces APNIC and IPv4IPv6technologydevelopments via: management resource Internet about information latest the with date The APNIC Secretariat keeps the Asia Pacific Internet community up-to- • • • • • meetings andconferences at Asia PacificPresentations andparticipation andinternational andeducationactivities Widespread training APNIC meetingsandconferences APNIC publications suchas The APNIC website andonlineservices APNIC communications http://www.apnic.net/research http://www.apnic.net/stats Apster Internet Internet can analyse IPaddressingtrendsattheirorigin. As the source of IP address distribution in the Asia Pacific region, APNIC Key trends: • • • • • • The rate of IPv6 allocationsinthe Asia Pacific regionhasmore of The rate a35%growth inrequestsforAPNIC hasexperienced IPv4over the ofIPv4consumptioninSouth The rate Asia hasincreasedsignificantly Recently, hasbeenreflected services thegrowth inmobileInternet Since theRIRshave beenmanagingIPaddressresources, Chinahas Currently, moreaddressspaceisbeingallocatedinthe Asia Pacific exhaustion. than doubled since2006indicatinganincreasedawareness ofIPv4 last two years. since 2006. providers. ofallocationstomobileservice in anincreasedrate ofRIRallocations. oftherate theUSAinterms overtaken oftheworld. development inthispart ofInternet rate rapid region thanisbeingallocatedinany otherregion, reflectingthe Research andanalysis

Informing the Asia Pacific IPv4 in the Asia Pacific a result, IPv4 allocation rates tothoseeconomieshave IPv4allocationrates increased. a result, growth. Internet As rapid India, notably region,haveexperienced most the in economies times,other recent more In in infrastructure. Internet early investing began that economies of distribution historical the mirrors broadly Pacific the Asia in IPv4 of distribution geographic The Number of delegations 30 /8blocks ofIPv4addresses(approximately 500millionaddresses). Asia Pacific region, by the end of 2008, APNIC will be managing almost million addresses. Based on the current trend of IPv4 distribution in the “slash eight” (/8) blocks of IPv4 address space in total, equal to over 488 29.1 to equivalent registrations 2008, managed October of APNIC As JP 27% 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 Managing nearly500millionaddresses 86 KR 14% Total IPv4delegations(cumulative) 88 90 Total distributionofIPv4(by economy) CN 34% AU 7% 92 TW 5% 94 IN 4% Other 6% HK 2% ID 1% 96 98 00 VN 0.90% SG 0.89% 02 04 TH 0.90% 06 MY 0.81% 08 Year PH 0.62% NZ 1.25% December 2008 by31 allocated be to predicted IPv4 resources allocated todate IPv4 resources PK 0.28% BD 0.12% Other 0.55%

2007. For more information, see: January 1 on began that four-bytenumbers to two- from transition a of phase 2009. next the is January 1 This from default by numbers AS policy, coordinated four-byte globally a of issue will RIRs the all part As 2011. early in out run to predicted are two-byte Existing numbers AS Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). system,the routing core Internet’s the of part vital a are numbers AS AS numbers to thedevelopment ofinnovative productsandservices. lead and opportunities business new create to potential the has also It largeaddress space growth. Internet that unlimited almost allow should IPv4.for replacement long-term extremely provides a an IPv6 developedas was pool, IPv6 IPv4 remaining the manage to techniques to addition In the unallocatedIPv4pool. of exhaustion the for prepare to policies IPv4 modify to together working environment.Internetchangingthe communityofis APNICneeds The addressAPNICensuresmanagementIPthat policiesthemeet adaptto in use, have successfully slowed theconsumptionofIPv4addresses. and recycling unused IPv4 addresses, and Techniquesoptimizing and policies, IPv4 such response as addresses Network in Address currently and Translation (NAT), resource, reclaiming finite a is developed techniquesdesignedtodelay IPv4exhaustion. IPv4 that ago decade a over recognized community 2011. around technical exhausted Internet The Current predictions indicate that the remaining IPv4 address pool will be IPv4 addressexhaustionandbeyond http://icons.apnic.net/asn

IPv4 in the Asia Pacific IPv6 in the Asia Pacific KR 10% AU 11% operators todeploy IPv6networks. operators network by willingness a and acceptance of levels increased suggests 2008. demandduring doubledhigher addresses This IPv6 for demand process,slow a been has network IPv6 the of deployment Although Number of delegations available intheentireIPv4addressspace. /32 inIPv6provides forhostsasthereareaddresses asmany network space.address Each IPv6 of /32s 24,200 than networks,more totalling to assignments and allocations IPv6 501 made 1999, has Since APNIC based networkstoensure isimportant thefuture successoftheInternet. IPv6- of deployment steady the that recognizes community Internet The CN 6% 100 120 140 160 20 40 60 80 0 1999 NZ 7% JP 25% 2000 TW 6% IPv6 delegations(peryear) 2001 Total IPv6delegationspereconomy VN 5% Strong growth inIPv6 2002 Other 30% 2003 2004 AP 3.36% 2005 HK 3.16% TH 3.36% 2006 SG 2.96% 2007 MY 3.36% 2008 IN 2.96% Year ID 3.95% PH 1.98% December 2008 by31 made be predicted to Delegations made todate IPv6 delegations Other 4.55%

Internet hasgrown byInternet 30%. global the to announced routes IPv6 of number the months, 12 last the During accelerating. is growth this that indications with mid-2006, in steadily increase to began world the around rates deployment IPv6 For more information on how you can support IPv6 transition transition IPv6 . at @apnic.net support can you Manager, Fujii Miwa Programme how IPv6 the APNIC contact mechanisms, on information more For transitional framework from IPv4toIPv6. enhanced to cooperation develop a coherent to strategy the support of model the within workstakeholders to Internet all urges APNIC time, have allstakeholders aroletoplay. this During IPv6. to transition smooth a make to efforts collaborative APNIC provides essential support to the Asia Pacific Internet community’s Source: http://bgp.potaroo.net/v6/as2.0/index.html 6bone network. of theexperimental Note: halfof2006reflectsthedecommissioning The dropinIPv6routesthefirst 1000 1200 1400 400 600 800 Number ofIPv6routesannouncedtotheglobalInternet IPv6 involves allstakeholders

07 08 Year

IPv6 in the Asia Pacific Your voice and APNIC APNIC meeting: professional and social. We invite you to join the community at the next decision-making, education, sharing, – information both and networking development,policy foryear per twice meets The community APNIC APNIC meetings where theycanexchangeinformation. region for the technical staff at ISPs and provides forums such as ICONS, on APNIC’s public mailing lists. across APNIC the also training conducts face-to-face APNIC meetings. Between meetings, policies are discussed at to [email protected]. an or discussed are sending form proposal policy online the using proposal policy a submit can Anyone changes toexistingpoliciesorsuggestnewpolicies. community. If APNIC’s policies do not meet your needs, you can Over time, propose improvements the change needs of technology the Internet andconsistently acrossthewhole fairly distributed Asia Pacific region. are resources these ensure policies them. APNIC needs who anyone and IP addresses are resources,shared AS numbers available for use by Your voice and APNIC policies number resourcesinthe Asia Pacific region. Internet in interest an with anyone to open is community The APNIC webcasts, andaudiocasts, events. oratspecialremoteparticipation If you can’t attend in person, online using youour livecan participate transcripts, You canparticipate http://www.apnic.net/policy http://meetings.apnic.net

community reachedconsensusonsixpolicyproposalsregarding: wereIPv6 to key themes. the transition the and pool unallocated IPv4 of The exhaustion the 26, APNIC meeting, recent most APNIC’s At and FXNetworks. conjunction with REANNZ, in Cisco, InternetNZ, Packet by Clearing House, organized NZRS, was auDA, workshop workshop. The technical IPv6 bythe and organizations, attended was which Internet Pacific Asia star’),(‘AP retreat AP* the were Christchurch in community Internet Other meetings to take advantage of the convergence of the Asia Pacific The community also: • • • • • Your participation is vital. The decisions made at APNIC meetings Council to monitor global Internet number policydevelopmentCouncil tomonitorglobalInternet Elected Naresh Ajwani asarepresentative ontheNRO Number APNIC stakeholder survey theinclusionofIPv6readinessquestions inthe2009 Endorsed signtheDNSRoot Requested thatICANN (duetobeexhaustedaboutthesametimeasIPv4) numbers The newfour-byte (32-bit) thatwillreplacetwo-byteAS numbers AS The managementoftheremainingunallocatedIPv4addresspool directly impacthow resources are allocated. Have yoursay! See what you canachieve…

Attend an APNIC meeting IGF 2008 sessions of interest Internet number communityInternet inthe Asia Pacific region: the interestto particular of are workshopsfollowing sessionsand main One of the main themes for IGF 2008 is ‘Critical Internet Resources’. The For moreinformation, pleaseseetheIGF website at: APNIC community are: Other workshops arranged by Asia Pacific organizations of interest to the Transition from IPv4toIPv6 December 511:00-12:30 Global, Regional, andNational Arrangementssession) (Main December 59:30-11:00 IPv6: The Solutionfor the Future Internet(Workshop) December 49:00-10:30 Legal Aspects ofGovernanceInternetResourcesFunctions(Workshop) ofCritical December 39:30-11:00 Internet governance issuesinthe Asia Pacific region • • • • • • • Implications ofdevelopment economies policyfor emerging Governance for Internet Primer and Framework Building aGlobalCapacityCurriculum ofOnlineDisputeResolution Resurrection andClimateChange:Internet How we cancollaborate? Access toLocalCultureandLanguage(ALCL) Getting thePacific online– AccessChallenges, Issues&Opportunities indeveloping countries operators Challenges facingInternet Critical InternetResources http://www.intgovforum.org (Main session) attend the workshop and add your experiences tothesession. andaddyour experiences attend theworkshop PITA, youto organizers, invites the APNIC of SANOG. and behalf On organizers of the workshop are AfriNIC, AFNOG, “Challenges ARIN, Partner the workshop. countries” LACNIC, developing of in PCH, operators Internet organizer facing principal the is APNIC 2008, IGF At The workshop will: The workshop provide access, including: tooperator’s ability an impact that issues examine will workshop The challenges the at network look operators face when will providing access in Hyderabad developing countries. in IGF the at workshop The Challenges facing Internetoperatorsindeveloping countries December 411:30-13:00 • • • • • challenges in providing Internet accesstotheircommunitieschallenges inproviding Internet government, business, andcivilsocietyhave overcome orarefacing in andtheirpartners operators Present casestudieswhereInternet can helpprovide accesstotheInternet eXchangePointsExamine infrastructures, suchasInternet (IXPs), that strengthening educationandprofessional exchange Investigate Operators’ Groups(NOGs)in theroleofNetwork Challenges posedby geography International connectivitycosts International Challenges facingInternetoperators in developing countries • • Government regulation Financial constraints

APNIC-hosted workshop at IGF 2008 Report on the challenges facing Internet operators operators: Here, the panellists identified the following key challenges facing network at: the archived transcripts, videos, and presentation filesare freely available and Internet, the on live webcast was 2008. session August in The 26 APNIC at explored initially were workshop Countries” Developing in The issues to be discussed in the “Challenges Facing Operators Internet • • • • • • Cost (useandmisuseofbandwidthduetospam, peer-to-peer traffic) need toapply tofundingagencies) atmany (needtogetapproval stages, fromauthorities Bureaucracy Regulation (accesstowirelessbandwidth, VoIP restrictions) fordeveloping well-paid countries jobsindeveloped countries) leaving Human resources(educatingoperators, skilledoperators projects, technicalequipment) Finance (grassroots costofimporting populationsover areas, large (sparse ) Geography mountainousterrain Challenges fordeveloping economies http://www.apnic.net/meetings/26/program/hui Solutions proposed by the APNIC 26 panellists to the challenges challenges the to panellists identified included: 26 APNIC the by proposed Solutions • • • • • • countries toinspireandhelpbuild capacityinthosecountries countries meetings,Supporting conferences, events indeveloping and training effectiveUtilizing staffwhocanwrite fundingproposals self-sufficient infrastructure powerUsing alternative sources(suchassolarpanels)tomake equipment thanexpensive single-purpose rather ofavailableUsing andrepurposing lower-tech equipment general (suchaselephantsthroughthickly forested land) infrastructure acrossareaswithpoortransport transport Using alternative thanwirednetworks Deploying wirelessrather Addressing thechallenges

Report on the challenges facing Internet operators Upcoming APNIC events you can join us online via videoconference, webcast, audiocast and and audiocast webcast, online chat: videoconference, via online us join can you Join us at the following APNIC meetings. If you cannot attend in person, APNIC 27 APNIC 29 APNIC 28 18-27 February 2009Manila, Philippines 18-27 February 24 February -5March2010KualaLumpur,24 February Malaysia 24-28 August 2009Beijing, China (In conjunctionwith APRICOT 2009) (In conjunctionwith APRICOT 2010) http://meetings.apnic.net the following contacts whenyou seethematIGF2008inHyderabad: If you would like to learn more about APNIC activities, feel free to talk to

ISIF ProjectOfficer Sylvia Cadena RelationsManager External Srinivas Chendi Policy Development Manager Samantha Dickinson Communications Area Manager German Valdez Director General Paul Wilson APNIC Executive Councilmember Ma Yan APNIC Executive Councilmember Kusumba Sridhar APNIC Executive Council Treasurer Kuo-Wei Wu APNIC Executive CouncilChair Akinori Maemura

APNIC representatives at IGF 2008 Asia Pacific Network Information Centre Address PO Box 2131, Milton, QLD 4064 Australia Phone +61 7 3858 3100 Fax +61 7 3858 3199 Email [email protected] SIP [email protected]

www.apnic.net

©APNIC Pty Ltd 2008