MONUMENTA SREBRENICA Research, Documents, Testimonials BOOK 9
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MONUMENTA SREBRENICA Research, documents, testimonials BOOK 9 SREBRENICA THROUGH PAST CENTURIES SREBRENICA THROUGH PAST CENTURIES Consulting editors: Jusuf Žiga, Ph.D., Professor Academic Enver Halilović, Ph.D., Professor Sead Selimović, Ph.D., Professor Anita Petrović, Ph.D., Professor Edin Mutaščić, Ph.D., Professor Editor: Adib Đozić, Ph.D., Professor Reader: Zarfa Sarajlić, Professor Translated into English by: Selma Kešetović, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Publisher: Public Institution for Protection and Usage of Cultural-historical and Natural Heritage of the Tuzla Canton Print: OFF-SET Tuzla Edition: 300 Tuzla – Srebrenica 2019. ISSN 2233-162X CONTENT Author’s Preface ............................................................................................. 5 GENOCIDE Rasim Muratović EUROPEAN APPROACH TO (MIS) UNDERSTANDING OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST BOSNIAKS ........................................................ 17 Ermin Kuka CRIME – NEGATION OF HUMAN DIGNITY ...................................... 37 Sakib Softić SOME LEGAL ISSUES IN THE DISPUTE BETWEEN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND SERBIA, FOR VIOLATING THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE ............................................................................................... 57 Meldijana Arnaut Haseljić FORCED DISAPPEARANCES OF BOSNIAKS IN SREBRENICA, THE UNITED NATIONS SAFE ZONE ............................................................ 91 Muamer Džananović CHILD AND FAMILY IN GENOCIDE (With special reference to the genocide against Bosniaks in and around Srebrenica in July 1995) ......... 111 Amir Kliko HVO ATTACK ON THE ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA IN CENTRAL BOSNIA AND THE SERBIAN OFFENSIVE ON THE FREE TERRITORY OF THE BOSNIAN PODRINJE IN EARLY 1993: .................................................................. 145 Husejin Omerović VLASENICA – THE CONTINUITY OF THE GREAT SERBIAN CRIME .................................................................................................................... 157 Semir Maslić CONCENTRATION CAMPS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ZVORNIK IN 1992 IN THE FUNCTION OF COMMITTING THE CRIMES OF GENOCIDE AGAINST BOSNIAKS OF THE BOSNIAN PODRINJE ........................................................... 177 Sabina Subašić Galijatović “GUILTY OF RESISTANCE? NASER ORIĆ, DEFENDER OF SREBRENICA, BEFORE THE INTERNATIONAL JUDICIARY” (by Rafaelle Maison, Publisher Armand Colin, Paris, 2010). .... 207 ACTUAL JUDICIAL TOPICS Faruk Đozić LAND REGISTRY REFORM IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ...............................213 FROM BOSNIAN PODRINJE HISTORY Kemal Nurkić THE PETRIĆ AND KALA QUARTS IN SREBRENICA ACCORDING THE MID-19TH CENTURY CENSUS.......231 Adib Đozić, Rusmir Djedović THE GRAD QUART IN SREBRENICA IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY ...............................................................................245 IN MEMORIAM Adib Đozić IN MEMORIAM: BEGIJA (AHMET) MALAGIĆ AND AJŠA (JUSO) ĐOZIĆ ..................................................................................................... 269 A WORD FROM THE EDITOR There is a folk wisdom among Bosniaks, “spoken in the Bosnian language” that “every time has its burden”. This Bosniak folk wisdom, understood in the simplest way, tells us that in every time, even today, every social situation has its problems that need to be sought and answered. Bosnian society, during its thousand-year history, has faced, and still faces, countless problems and challenges. At some point, some problems are more emphasized and characteristic, they appear with a stronger intensity, significantly determining the further directions of development of both Bosnian society and the Bosnian state, to which we add “Herzegovinian” for a little over a hundred years. In books number 6, 7 and 8 of the “Monument a Srebrenica” edition, we talked about several significant and current problems of the existence of Bosniaks in the contemporary Bosnian society and state, such as culture of remembrance, specific forms of Bosniak collective consciousness, uncritical acceptance of other people’s social values, marking significant historical dates and personalities from our own history. Due to the length of texts in this issue of the “Monumenta”, we are not able to elaborate one of the three problems in a wider and more explicit manner, “three burdens” that Bosniaks face “in this period of time”. For these reasons, we will elaborate current issues as scientific research topics that we hope to explore more explicitly in future issues of “Monumenta”, but also to ask as important research questions to future researchers of Bosnian and Bosniak history. What are these “burdens”, questions that “every time”, in our case, put our present day on the agenda. The first is certainly the commemoration of the 25th anniversary of the crime of genocide against Bosniaks in the “UN Protected Zone” Srebrenica in July 1995. This year also marks the 75th anniversary of the victory over fascism, which inevitably raises the question of understanding the relationship between anti-fascism and fascism, that is, freedom and violence, good and evil, justice and injustice. These two anniversaries have a common question, and that is who were fascists and who were anti-fascists in the war against the Bosnian society and the state in the period of 1992-1995. Thus, on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the genocide against Bosniaks in the “UN Protected Zone” Srebrenica, “this time” raises the question of explaining the relationship between fascism and anti-fascism in the 1992-1995 war against Bosnian society and the state. This question requires serious scientific research work, which is why we set it as a research topic, primarily within the sociology of genocide, but also in other scientific disciplines. The second issue, which is most directly related to the first issue, i.e. forms an integral part of it, is the 5 issue of the attitude towards mother and child in the crime of genocide and the Holocaust, and in our case of genocide against Bosniaks. Thus, the second question, or “the burden” of this time, and at the same time a research topic is “Mother and child in the crime of genocide.” The answer to this question will significantly contribute to the answer who were fascists and who were anti-fascists in the 1992-1995 war against the Bosnian society. Before we present the most basic facts about the issues raised and asked above, we would like to point out the third “burden” of this time, and that is the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. We are not primarily interested in the medical aspect of this problem, and we leave it to medicine and related sciences. What interests the social sciences and humanities and concerns COVID-19 is the relationship of modern man to himself, his society, nature and God. Isn’t the most basic message of COVID that the man of this time is too arrogant, imagined, that he is trying to cross the limits of his possibilities. COVID-19 warns modern man that he is not able to avoid pandemics, “plagues”, wars, famines, or his own suffering because he is a weak, imperfect, limited being, and that man is not “a measure of everything that is and everything which is not that it is not“ but that this measure is outside of him, that the measures are given to him through universal norms of relations which he must respect if he intends to survive on the planet given to him and which he, man, destroys and thus destroys himself. “In a kind of madness, modern man imagines that he can invariably attack nature and establish the order of life within it, and that the nature would not retaliate at the same time.”1 Isn’t “technical mind”, the desire for profit, darkened man’s pristine mind, whose basic values are: life, faith, freedom, property and honor attacked by themselves. Let us return, in brief, to our first question, the “burden” of our time, and at the same time the research topic, which is the relationship between fascism and anti-fascism in the 1992-1995 war against Bosnian society and the state in, or more simply, which political and military subjects pursued fascist policy and practice and which anti-fascist. A comparative analysis of the activities of fascists and anti-fascists in the Second World War with the activities of political and military entities in the 1992-1995 war against Bosnian society, we will get an explicit answer to the question. Fascism as an ideology, tried to be realized through the Nazi party-government and the Nazi army, wanted to cleanse the future German state of Jews and Roma. How was it done? What methods 1 J. Žiga, Vrijeme (sve)politike, Iluzije savremenog ekologizma, BZK, Preporod, Sarajevo, 2012, pp.128. I recommend this book and a work of H.S. Nasr, Susret čovjeka i prirode, Duhovna kriza modernog čovjeka, El-Kalem, Sarajevo, 2001, as a very referential literature on issues of a contemporary man and his society. 6 were used? It has been proven that the Nazis did that by persecution, murder, concentration camps and other forms of crime. The anti-fascists opposed this, fighting in various ways, above all, forming armed formations in the form of partisan units, which later grew into liberation armies. The anti-fascists did not persecute any nation or religion or racial group, they did not destroy mosques or churches of other Christians. Who killed and persecuted Bosniaks and Croats in the 1992-1995 war against Bosnian society and the state in order to “create” a mono-ethnic Serbian state on the multiethnic, multi-religious and multicultural