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Pollen Morphology of Indian Species of Saraca L. (Leguminosae)-A Threatened and Legendary Medicinal Tree
Phyton, International Journal of Experimental Botany Pollen Morphology of Indian Species of Saraca L. (Leguminosae)-A Threatened and Legendary Medicinal Tree Sujit Sil1, 2, Tanmoy Mallick2, Tuhin Pal1, Animesh Mondal1, Kalyan Kumar De1 and Asok Ghosh2,* 1Postgraduate Department of Botany, Hooghly Muhammad Mohsin College (Estd.1836), Chinsurah, 712101, Hooghly, West Bengal, India. 2UGC-CAS Department of Botany, Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Biosystematics Laboratory, University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India. *Corresponding Author: Asok Ghosh. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]. Abstract: The genus Saraca L. (Leguminosae) is a universal panacea in herbal medicine. The present study investigates the comparative pollen morphology of four species of Saraca viz. S. asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde, S. declinata (Jack) Miq., S. indica L., and S. thaipingensis Cantley ex Prain growing in India to reveal differences of their pollen structures to aid taxonomic and evolutionary values. The detailed morphology and surface structure of pollen grains were studied and described using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains of Saraca showed isopolar, para-syncolporate, tricolporate, with radially symmetric, prolate and prolate-spheroidal structure. The surface of pollen of S. indica is rugulate with large lirae but in S. declinata, the surface is micro-rugulate to vermiculate with relatively thin lirae and that of S. thaipingensis is indistinct as the psilate surface with a frequent protuberance and fewer perforations were observed along with the gemmae like structure. Exine ornamentation helped to separate S. indica and S. asoca. Exine thickness varies from 3-4 μm. Presence of protuberance and exine thickness varies among individuals of the species spread over different locations. -
Acta Botanica Brasilica Doi: 10.1590/0102-33062020Abb0051
Acta Botanica Brasilica doi: 10.1590/0102-33062020abb0051 Toward a phylogenetic reclassification of the subfamily Ambavioideae (Annonaceae): establishment of a new subfamily and a new tribe Tanawat Chaowasku1 Received: February 14, 2020 Accepted: June 12, 2020 . ABSTRACT A molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Ambavioideae (Annonaceae) was reconstructed using up to eight plastid DNA regions (matK, ndhF, and rbcL exons; trnL intron; atpB-rbcL, psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF, and trnS-trnG intergenic spacers). The results indicate that the subfamily is not monophyletic, with the monotypic genus Meiocarpidium resolved as the second diverging lineage of Annonaceae after Anaxagorea (the only genus of Anaxagoreoideae) and as the sister group of a large clade consisting of the rest of Annonaceae. Consequently, a new subfamily, Meiocarpidioideae, is established to accommodate the enigmatic African genus Meiocarpidium. In addition, the subfamily Ambavioideae is redefined to contain two major clades formally recognized as two tribes. The tribe Tetramerantheae consisting of only Tetrameranthus is enlarged to include Ambavia, Cleistopholis, and Mezzettia; and Canangeae, a new tribe comprising Cananga, Cyathocalyx, Drepananthus, and Lettowianthus, are erected. The two tribes are principally distinguishable from each other by differences in monoploid chromosome number, branching architecture, and average pollen size (monads). New relationships were retrieved within Tetramerantheae, with Mezzettia as the sister group of a clade containing Ambavia and Cleistopholis. Keywords: Annonaceae, Ambavioideae, Meiocarpidium, molecular phylogeny, systematics, taxonomy et al. 2019). Every subfamily received unequivocally Introduction and consistently strong molecular support except the subfamily Ambavioideae, which is composed of nine Annonaceae, a pantropical family of flowering plants genera: Ambavia, Cananga, Cleistopholis, Cyathocalyx, prominent in lowland rainforests, consist of 110 genera Drepananthus, Lettowianthus, Meiocarpidium, Mezzettia, (Guo et al. -
Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: Geographic Patterns and Four New
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: European Journal of Taxonomy Jahr/Year: 2017 Band/Volume: 0339 Autor(en)/Author(s): Turner Ian M., Utteridge M. A. Artikel/Article: Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species 1-44 © European Journal of Taxonomy; download unter http://www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu; www.zobodat.at European Journal of Taxonomy 339: 1–44 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.339 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2017 · Turner I.M. & Utteridge T.M.A. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Research article Annonaceae in the Western Pacifi c: geographic patterns and four new species Ian M. TURNER 1,* & Timothy M.A. UTTERIDGE 2 1,2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] Abstract. The taxonomy and distribution of Pacifi c Annonaceae are reviewed in light of recent changes in generic delimitations. A new species of the genus Monoon from the Solomon Archipelago is described, Monoon salomonicum I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov., together with an apparently related new species from New Guinea, Monoon pachypetalum I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov. The confi rmed presence of the genus in the Solomon Islands extends the generic range eastward beyond New Guinea. Two new species of Huberantha are described, Huberantha asymmetrica I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov. and Huberantha whistleri I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov., from the Solomon Islands and Samoa respectively. New combinations are proposed: Drepananthus novoguineensis (Baker f.) I.M.Turner & Utteridge comb. -
Phylogenomics of the Major Tropical Plant Family Annonaceae Using Targeted Enrichment of Nuclear Genes
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 09 January 2019 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01941 Phylogenomics of the Major Tropical Plant Family Annonaceae Using Targeted Enrichment of Nuclear Genes Thomas L. P. Couvreur 1*†, Andrew J. Helmstetter 1†, Erik J. M. Koenen 2, Kevin Bethune 1, Rita D. Brandão 3, Stefan A. Little 4, Hervé Sauquet 4,5 and Roy H. J. Erkens 3 1 IRD, UMR DIADE, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 2 Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 3 Maastricht Science Programme, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, 4 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université-Paris Saclay, Orsay, France, 5 National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW), Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW, Australia Edited by: Jim Leebens-Mack, University of Georgia, United States Targeted enrichment and sequencing of hundreds of nuclear loci for phylogenetic Reviewed by: reconstruction is becoming an important tool for plant systematics and evolution. Eric Wade Linton, Central Michigan University, Annonaceae is a major pantropical plant family with 110 genera and ca. 2,450 species, United States occurring across all major and minor tropical forests of the world. Baits were designed Mario Fernández-Mazuecos, by sequencing the transcriptomes of five species from two of the largest Annonaceae Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), Spain Angelica Cibrian-Jaramillo, subfamilies. Orthologous loci were identified. The resulting baiting kit was used to Centro de Investigación y de Estudios reconstruct phylogenetic relationships at two different levels using concatenated and Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico gene tree approaches: a family wide Annonaceae analysis sampling 65 genera and *Correspondence: Thomas L. P. -
WIAD CONSERVATION a Handbook of Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity
WIAD CONSERVATION A Handbook of Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity WIAD CONSERVATION A Handbook of Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 2 Ohu Map ...................................................................................................................................... 3 History of WIAD Conservation ...................................................................................................... 4 WIAD Legends .............................................................................................................................. 7 The Story of Julug and Tabalib ............................................................................................................... 7 Mou the Snake of A’at ........................................................................................................................... 8 The Place of Thunder ........................................................................................................................... 10 The Stone Mirror ................................................................................................................................. 11 The Weather Bird ................................................................................................................................ 12 The Story of Jelamanu Waterfall ......................................................................................................... -
(Bedd.) IM Turner (Annonaceae) and a New Variety from India
Taiwania 62(3): 305‒310, 2017 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2017.62.305 Notes on the Taxonomic status of Polyalthia malabarica (Bedd.) I. M. Turner (Annonaceae) and a new variety from India Mohan ALISTER*, Gopalaprabhu RAJKUMAR, Ahammed NAZARUDEEN and Alagramam Govindasamy PANDURANGAN Division of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala- 695 562, India. * Corresponding author's email: [email protected] (Manuscript received 15 April 2016; accepted 28 May 2017; online published 25 July 2017) ABSTRACT: The taxonomic status of Polyalthia malabarica (Bedd.) I. M. Turner is discussed and a variety from Western Ghats of India is newly proposed with taxonomic description and illustration. KEY WORDS: Annonaceae, India, Kerala, New variety, Polyalthia malabarica var. longipedicellata. INTRODUCTION et al., 2012). Approximately 65 species were removed from the genus Polyalthia but at the same time nine The genus Polyalthia (Annonaceae) was first additions were included by merging the genus described by C. L. Blume (1830) based on type Haplostichathus as mentioned. Presently the genus specimen Polyalthia subcordata, which was collected Polyalthia comprises approximately 85 species and its from Java (Xue et al., 2012). The genus was considered distribution ranged to Austral-Asian region as one of the largest genera in paleotropical regions in (Chaowasku et al., 2012). the family Annonaceae with distribution ranging from The genus is now characterised by reticulate East Africa to Madagascar, Indian subcontinent and venation of leaves, generally with more or less South East Asia to Australia with approximately about subcordate or cordate leaf base, axillary to extra 150 species (Verdcourt, 1969; Xue et al., 2011; axillary or terminal inflorescence, 2‒6 ovules per ovary, Saunders et al., 2011). -
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration from Embryonic Axis of a Multipurpose Vulnerable Leguminous Tree, Saraca Indica L
® Tree and Forestry Science and Biotechnology ©2011 Global Science Books In Vitro Shoot Regeneration from Embryonic Axis of a Multipurpose Vulnerable Leguminous Tree, Saraca indica L. Fatima Shirin* • Nitish Parihar • P. K. Rana • S. A. Ansari Genetics and Plant Propagation Division, Tropical Forest Research Institute, PO RFRC, Mandla Road, Jabalpur, 482 021, India Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT Saraca indica L. syn. Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde (Caesalpinaceae) is a commercially important evergreen medicinal tree. The annual demand for its bark is 10,724 tonnes and is growing at 15% per annum in India. Commercial exploitation for its bark has led to it becoming vulnerable, resulting in poor regeneration in its natural habitat. Tissue culture offers a viable alternative for production of a large number of plantlets within a short period of time. The present paper describes the formation of shoots through embryonic axis under the influence of two cytokinins, viz., 6-benzyladenine (BA) and zeatin (Zn). Embryonic axes were excised from one-month old immature seeds and a 1-2 mm cut was introduced at the radicle end. The embryonic axis was inoculated onto B5 medium supplemented with BA (0 and 2.5 μM) and Zn (0, 5, 10 and 20 μM) to study the effect on direct or indirect organogenesis. BA had a significant effect on the number of shoots formed and callus formation (%). After one month B5 medium supplemented with 2.5 μM BA regenerated both shoots and callus from embryonic axes. The dose of Zn and its interaction with BA did not significantly affect callus formation, shoot formation or the number of shoots. -
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Acta Brasiliensis 5(1): 25-34, 2021 Artigo Original http://revistas.ufcg.edu.br/ActaBra http://dx.doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338449 New records of Annonaceae in the Northeast Brazil Márcio Lucas Bazantea i , Marccus Alvesb i a Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brasil. * [email protected] b Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brasil. Received: August 2, 2020 / Accepted: November 8, 2020 / Published online: January 27, 2021 Abstract This study reports nine new records of Annonaceae for the states of Alagoas, Ceará, Paraíba and Pernambuco, in Northeastern Brazil: Duguetia lanceolata A.St.-Hil., D. ruboides Maas & He, D. sooretamae Maas, Guatteria tomentosa Rusby, Hornschuchia bryotrophe Nees, Pseudoxandra lucida R.E.Fr., Trigynaea duckei (R.E.Fr.) R.E.Fr.., Unonopsis guatterioides (A.DC.) R.E.Fr., and Xylopia ochrantha Mart. Descriptions, taxonomical and distributional comments, photos of diagnostic characters, geographic distribution maps and two identification keys, one of the genera of Annonaceae occurring in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga and another for the new Duguetia records, are provided. Keywords: Atlantic forest, Caatinga, Pseudoxandra, Trigynaea, Unonopsis. Novos registros de Annonaceae no Nordeste do Brasil Resumo Este estudo reporta nove novos registros de Annonaceae para os estados de Alagoas, Ceará, Paraíba e Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil: Duguetia lanceolata A. St. -Hil., D. ruboides Maas & He, D. sooretamae Maas, Guatteria tomentosa Rusby, Hornschuchia bryotrophe Nees, Pseudoxandra lucida R.E.Fr., Trigynaea duckei (R.E.Fr.) R.E.Fr., Unonopsis guatterioides (A.DC.) R.E.Fr., e Xylopia ochrantha Mart. -
Nonaceae Using Targeted Enrichment of Nuclear Genes Supplementary
Phylogenomics of the major tropical plant family An- nonaceae using targeted enrichment of nuclear genes Thomas L.P. Couvreur1,*, Andrew J. Helmstetter1, Erik J.M. Koenen2, Kevin Bethune1, Rita D. Brand~ao3, Stefan Little4, Herv´eSauquet4,5, Roy H.J. Erkens3 1 IRD, UMR DIADE, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France 2 Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Z¨urich, Switzer- land 3 Maastricht University, Maastricht Science Programme, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands 4 Ecologie Syst´ematiqueEvolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParis- Tech, Universit´e-Paris Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France 5 National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW), Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia * [email protected] Supplementary Information (see next page) 1 Supplementary Table 1. Specimen details of taxa sampled for both An- nonaceae and Piptostigmateae analyses Subfamily Tribe Species Collector number Country INDEX TAG total reads Mapped % enrichment 10x coverage mean depth Ambavioideae Cleistopholis staudii Couvreur, T.L.P. 570 Gabon I12 TAG79 1790158 402150 22 0,82 119,7 Ambavioideae Drepananthus ramuliflorus Sauquet, H. 167 Malaysia I10 TAG45 2676926 150278 6 0,66 45,1 Ambavioideae Meiocarpidium olivieranum Couvreur, T.L.P. 920 Gabon I10 TAG13 3950072 343879 9 0,80 104,3 Anaxagoreoideae Anaxagorea crassipetala Maas, P.J.M. 9408 Costa Rica I10 TAG25 2648398 256748 10 0,67 76,9 Annonoideae Annoneae Annona glabra Chatrou, L.W. 467 Peru I10 TAG36 4328486 622387 14 0,83 190,7 Annonoideae Annoneae Anonidium mannii Couvreur, T.L.P. 1053 Cameroon I04 TAG36 1613002 679049 42 0,89 206,9 Annonoideae Annoneae Boutiquea platypetala Couvreur, T.L.P. -
Saraca Indica) As Women Friendly Plant: a Review 1 Mohammad Abu Bin Nyeem, 2 Mohammad Sadul Haque, 3 Md
National Journal of Advanced Research National Journal of Advanced Research Online ISSN: 2455-216X; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.12 www.allnationaljournal.com Volume 3; Issue 2; May 2017; Page No. 03-07 Ashoka (Saraca indica) as women friendly plant: A review 1 Mohammad Abu Bin Nyeem, 2 Mohammad Sadul Haque, 3 Md. Obaydul Haq, 4 Mohammad Nuruzzaman, 5 Helal Uddin, 6 BM Rabiul Islam 1-3 Department of Unani Medicine, Hamdard University, Bangladesh 4-5 Govt. Unani & Ayurvedic Medical College, Bangladesh 6 Department of Public Health, ASA University, Bangladesh Abstract Saraca indica (Ashoka) Linn is a rain-forest tree belongs to the family of Caesalpiniaceae. Ashoka is "without sorrow or sorrow- less tree", a reference to this bark's reputation for keeping women healthy and youthful. The aim of the present review focuses on the detail botanical description, phytochemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological studies. Saraca indica is used in many pharmacological activities like anti menorrhagic, anti-cancer, anti oxytoxic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, anti–microbial activity and have extend uses in indigenous system of medicine. It mainly contains glycoside, flavanoids, tannins, saponins, esters and primary alcohols. Keywords: Saraca indica, askok, women friendly plant, pharmacological activity, phytoconstituents 1. Introduction distribution was in the central areas of the Deccan plateau, as The demand for herbal products increases all over the world well as the middle section of the Western Ghats in the western and major pharmaceutical companies are currently conducting coastal zone of the Indian subcontinent. As a wild tree, the research on medicinal plants on large scale for their potential Ashoka is a vulnerable species. -
1 Saraca Indica (Roxb.): Monograph
International Journal of Botany Studies ISSN: 2455-541X www.botanyjournals.com Volume 1; Issue 2; February 2016; Page No. 01-04 Saraca indica (Roxb.): Monograph Halima Nazar, Khan Usmanghani, *Sabira Sultana Departments of Surgery and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi-74600, Pakistan. Abstract Herbal medicines are the oldest remedies used by the human beings from the dawn of human civilization. According to WHO, majority of public approximately eighty percent countries rely on herbal medicines for the cure of disease? Medicinal plant known to exhibits a variety of therapeutic properties. Saraca indica is the traditional medicinal plant, commonly known as a “ashok briksh”, botanist identified as a Saraca asoca (Roxb.), De.wild or Saraca indica from Caesalpinaceae family. Saraca indica is a remedial plant extensively used for therapeutic purpose. It is used as analgesic, improves complexion of the body, digestive problems, used in excessive thirst, bacteriostatic, anti-inflammatory and also as anti-depressant. This review contains the phytochemical constituent, different reported pharmacological activity and ethanobotanical uses. In view of its effects cited in literature there is a need of extensive research to explore its potential use and to prove its medicinal claims of this plant. Keywords: Saraca indica, Medicinal plant, Pharmacological activity, phytoconstituents Introduction Bengali. Sometime bark of Saraca indica adulterated with Plant based medicines are the oldest remedies used by the Afanamexis polystakis bark and Sicalpinea pulchirena [3]. human being. The demand for herbal products increases all over the world and major pharmaceutical companies are currently Botanical description conducting research on medicinal plants on large scale for their Saraca indica is an evergreen herb of 7-10 cm high. -
National Conference on Unearth the New Frontiers in Life Sciences -2019”
Int J Life Sci Pharma Res. ISSN 2250-0480; SP– 05; “National Conference on Unearth the new frontiers in life sciences -2019” National Conference On Unearth the new frontiers in life sciences (NCUFS ‘19) 11 February 2019 Organized By Department of Biosciences Sri Krishna Arts and Science College Kuniamuthur, Coimbatore – 641008. Tamilnadu, India. www.ijlpr.com Page 1 Int J Life Sci Pharma Res. ISSN 2250-0480; SP– 05; “National Conference on Unearth the new frontiers in life sciences -2019” CONTENT S.No. Title Page No. SP-1 ENZYMATIC APPROACH ON PROCESSING OF TENCEL FABRIC 4 SP-2 SCREENING OF MARINE ACTINOMYCETES AGAINST BACTERIAL 9 PATHOGENS SP-3 EFFICACY OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF ANNONA MURICATA ON 14 CYPERMETHRIN INDUCED HEPTOTOXICITY IN RATS SP-4 EFFECT OF TERATOGENICITY IN THE AYURVEDIC DRUG 23 BHRINGARAJAADHI CHURNAM USING ZEBRA FISH AS MODEL ORGANISMS SP-5 BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL SECONDARY METABOLITES 28 SP-6 BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Cassia Fistula MEDIATED 33 LITHIUM COATED IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE (LiFe2O3) AND EVALUATION OF ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY SP-7 CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF GREEN AND CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED 41 MAGNESIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AGAINST SiHa CELL LINE SP-8 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF NERIUM 46 OLEANDER SP-9 SCREENING FOR PROBIOTIC EFFICIENCY AND ANTIMICROBIAL 54 ACTIVITY OF THE ISOLATES OBTAINED FROM CURD AND COW DUNG SP-10 SCREENING OF OCULAR CANDIDIASIS AMONG THE LEPROSY PATIENTS 61 SP-11 BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES OF Stoechospermum 65 marginatum & EVALUATING ITS ANTIBACTERIAL & ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY SP-12 COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND 71 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF RAISINS (VITIS VINIFERA L.) SP-13 COMPARATIVE GENE ANALYSIS OF DRK GENES IN FRUITFLY 77 (Drosophilamelanogaster) SP-14 A STUDY ON ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF SPIRULINA ON ORAL 83 GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST AND ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC MICE SP-15 THE EXAMINATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 88 Melia dubia LEAF EXTRACTS, BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND ITS ANTICANCER ACTIVITY AGAINST EP- G2 CELL LINE.