DOCSLIB.ORG

THE ORIGIN of the GODS Incorporating the Ideas of Edward Furlong

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE ORIGIN of the GODS Incorporating the Ideas of Edward Furlong ARLY MEN saw the world through minds uninfluenced by scien- Etific knowledge. Like wild animals, they responded with positive or negative feelings towards other people and inexplicable phenomena. In this book you will follow the author as he unravels the truth un- derlying the various mythologies inherited from the ancient world. You will discover the true nature of elves, dwarfs, dragons and gods. The story begins with the discovery of the totally unexpected location of the Garden of Eden. Known in Norse mythology as Midgard, Eden is where an ash tree, holding a cherished beehive, furnished sacred honey which was fermented to make mead—the nectar that nourished the earthly gods. It was also the place where Elves invented the rudimentary writing that enabled minstrels to preserve the songs of great exploits and heroic deeds. Thus we can say of Eden that it was the place where recorded history began. THE ORIGIN OF THE GODS Incorporating the ideas of Edward Furlong E. Peter Battey-Pratt CONTENTS chapter page Preface vii Introduction 11 2 Edward Furlong and the Garden of Eden 16 3 Analysis of the Bible 28 4 Gilgamesh and the Wine Woman 38 5 The Immortals 53 6 The Indo-Europeans and the Aryans 60 7 Prometheus, Io and Perseus 76 8 The Amazons 97 9 Atlantis 112 10 Hercules 133 11 The Great Serpent 149 12 Invasion of the Sea People 178 13 The White Man and the Ash Tree 244 14 Valhalla 247 15 Mithridates, Father of Kings 275 16 Beowulf and St. George 279 17 Abraham’s Family 293 18 Bull Men and the Jealous One 350 19 The Chinese Dragon 369 20 Bringing it Together 375 Predictions 413 Appendices 415 bibliography with comments 423 index 429 ii MAPS, TABLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS figure page 1 Archæological sites in Mesopotamia 20 2 Edirne and its surroundings 24 3 The kings of Israel and Judah 33 4 The pre-deluge geneological trees 35 5 Locations pertinent to the travels of Gilgamesh 44 6 Examples from Latin and English illustrating Grimm’s law 62 7 Sample of Indo-European languages 63 8 Corresponding initial consonants in IE languages 65 9 FirstKurganthrustintoEurope 71 10 Second, North Pontic Kurgan thrust into Europe 72 11 Table showing the natural evolution of consonantal sounds from ‘fortis’ to ‘lenis’ 74 12 The Journeys of Io and the Indo-Europeans 86 13 TuzG¨ol¨uandLakeTritonis 94 14 The Perseus journey and the movement of the Sea People 95 15 Greek dialects about 400 b.c. 105 16 The early movements of the Amazons 107 17 Ancient Egypt during the Hyksos occupation 108 18 Mt. Cassius and the Sea of Serbonis 132 19 Mt. Nyssa and its surroundings 164 20 Gurney’s Hittite king list with modifications 170 21 The return journey of the Argonauts compared with Celtic migrations 195 iii figure page 22 The journey that we call the Odyssey 203 23 The correction required to make the sequence of events in Homer’s Odyssey fit the probable historic sequence. 204 24 Geographical setting of the Northern myths 251 25 Biblical geneologies for Abraham and his relatives 287 26 The relatives of Abraham (Brahmin Isaac) and Princess Rebekah 288 27 Location of Ezeikel and surrounding sites 291 28 Plausible family tree for the descendants of Nahor 296 29 Locations of principal sites in Palestine 312 30 Routes of the formative groups of the Children of Israel 326 31 Attested references to the name of the sky-god 347 32 Probable declension of the original name of the sky-god 347 33 The Tarim basin where Tocharian documents were found 360 34 Rock painting in cave at Lascaux 371 35 Ship on a Sumerian seal 392 iv PLATES plate facing page 1 Hittite soldiers bearing battle scythes The great sky-god in his manifestation as a bull 140 2 Lightning produced by volcanic eruption The Chimaera Comet Morehouse Ancient Greek sculpture of Typhon 141 3 Ludicrous depiction of Odysseus pursued by Borias Jackal-headed Anubis Lioness-headed Sekhmet The Trojan Horse as a siege engine 190 4 Lamassu sprinkling a sacred tree with lustral water Lamassu sprinkling King Ashurnazirpal with lustral water Urartian norn sprinkling a sacred tree with lustral water Ivory plaque of a deer in front of a sacred tree 191 5 The Cro-Magnon skull Early Bantu skull The Jebel Qafzeh skull Eurafrican Combe Capelle skull Mediterranean skull 254 6 Female Neanderthal skull Probable outline of face Engraved bone from Isturitz A pregnant Neanderthal female 255 v plate facing page 7 Cro-Magnon and Neanderthal skulls compared Neanderthal head from the Isturitz bone Head of a Sumerian battle victim A Sumerian depicted in relief Hurrian Hittite prisoners of war Gothic Hittite prisoners of war 260 8 Neanderthal Shanidar I skull Neanderthal Amud skull Suggested face for Amud skull Victim from Sumerian Mosaic Standard of Ur Possible early Hurrian skull from Skuhl Modern Armenian skull 261 9 Palette of King Narmer vanquishing enemies Reverse of palette showing a bull Pharaoh Den smiting Asiatics Crowned skull from V¨ors 344 10 Set and the Typhonian beast Assitawandas feasting Men serving Assitawandas Sea Person with sidelock 345 vi PREFACE In the summer of 1987, I found myself fascinated listening to a radio broadcast, by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, on the location of the Garden of Eden; it was in two parts. The first part raised my expectations so high I was determined to hear the conclusion one week later. However, I had previously arranged with family and friends to attend a performance of Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture in Kingston’s old stone Fort Henry.1 The performance included the firing of real cannons. To hear the second part of the Eden broadcast, I took with me a portable radio set incorporating a tape recorder. To cue in, I needed to catch the beginning of the program so I could press the recording button. Just imagine the scene. A large audience was engrossed in listening to the glorious strains of the Kingston Symphony Orchestra, and there was I with a radio set on my lap and a pair of earphones on my head. Several people in the audience turned and glared at me. But it was worth it. The music was great, and I also had my tape recording. The broadcast re-awoke my passion for the pursuit of an interest I had always had. Following the broadcast, I began corresponding with Edward Furlong, the author of the radio program, and indulged in fifteen years of intensive research. This book is the outcome. The seed for this book was planted over two decades ago. However, my devotion to the subject of myth, legend and ancient history has been a deep and abiding passion since, as a teenager, I first read Gods, Graves and Scholars. The magic of the world of archæology fascinated me and I longed to study the ancient documents for myself. Because I took a different route in life studying mathematics and theoretical physics, I was not able to pursue this love of archæology until I retired from my teaching career. Though now retired, the desire to instruct is deep within me and so this book is, no doubt, instructional. I hope readers of all ages find something rewarding here but I especially hope young adults find inspiration. Plato tells us he wanted the citizens of his ideal republic to begin their formal education studying the myths rather than rational teachings, and so 1That is Kingston in Ontario. vii preface he valued the telling of tales above the study of mathematics. This is quite the reverse of the way we value the world today. I trust you, my reader, will see that rational thought plays a significant role in the analysis of myth because myth contains real history that can be proved using the sciences such as archæology, linguistics, climatology and cartography. Here, I try to link science and literature. The basis of all social and behavioral education comes from the telling of inspirational stories recounting the lives of great heroes. The Greeks took myth to mean everything that was legendary and miraculous, everything that could not be proved by fact or demonstrated through reason. In modern language, ‘mythical’ has come to mean ‘unreal’ or ‘imaginary’. That is why the poetry of the ancients concerning their gods and heroes was tolerated by early Christians who thought they were merely aesthetic expressions. The later Greeks themselves replaced mythical tradition by their own experience, and imagination by reasoning. As I shall show in this book, the ancient thinking is more accurate in that it accepted the myths as recording true and actual events that had been transmitted by word of mouth down through the centuries. These were the legends of heroes and gods, preserving the memory of glorious deeds, from the dark of long ago. Not only was the glorification of the heroes from the past a fitting tribute, but it also provided a glowing example for imitation by present and future generations. The Greeks believed the poet’s words stirred the heart with a desire for glory, providing models for emulation. Because of this poetic inflexion on history, historical verity seems to be lost. As I show in this book, the mythical tradition is complicated by different elements, some of which are founded in history and some showing overtones of embellishments from later tellings. The legends concerning the gods came to have religious overtones for they are connected to cosmic phenomena such as the sky, the stars, the Earth, volcanic eruptions, lightning and thunder, and other events hard to explain in ancient times.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology (2007)
    P1: JzG 9780521845205pre CUFX147/Woodard 978 0521845205 Printer: cupusbw July 28, 2007 1:25 The Cambridge Companion to GREEK MYTHOLOGY S The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology presents a comprehensive and integrated treatment of ancient Greek mythic tradition. Divided into three sections, the work consists of sixteen original articles authored by an ensemble of some of the world’s most distinguished scholars of classical mythology. Part I provides readers with an examination of the forms and uses of myth in Greek oral and written literature from the epic poetry of the eighth century BC to the mythographic catalogs of the early centuries AD. Part II looks at the relationship between myth, religion, art, and politics among the Greeks and at the Roman appropriation of Greek mythic tradition. The reception of Greek myth from the Middle Ages to modernity, in literature, feminist scholarship, and cinema, rounds out the work in Part III. The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology is a unique resource that will be of interest and value not only to undergraduate and graduate students and professional scholars, but also to anyone interested in the myths of the ancient Greeks and their impact on western tradition. Roger D. Woodard is the Andrew V.V.Raymond Professor of the Clas- sics and Professor of Linguistics at the University of Buffalo (The State University of New York).He has taught in the United States and Europe and is the author of a number of books on myth and ancient civiliza- tion, most recently Indo-European Sacred Space: Vedic and Roman Cult. Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • David N. Talbott
    David N. Talbott THE SATURN MYTH A reinterpretation of rites and symbols illuminating some of the dark corners of primordial society Intrigued by Velikovsky’s claim that Saturn was once the pre-eminent planetary god, David Talbott resolved to examine its mythical character. “I wanted to know,” he wrote, “if ancient sources had a coherent story to tell about the planet . I had no inkling of the spectacular tale hidden in the chronicles.” In this startling re-interpretation of age-old symbolism Talbott argues that the “Great God” or “Universal Monarch” of the ancients was not the sun, but Saturn, which once hung ominously close to the earth, and visually dominated the heavens. Talbott’s close textual and symbolic analysis reveals the fundamental themes of Saturn imagery and proves that all of them—including the “cosmic ship”, the “island at the top of the world”, the “eye of heaven” and “the revolving temple” were based on celestial observations in the northern sky. In addition he shows how such diverse symbols as the Cross, “sun”-wheels, holy mountains, crowns of royalty and sacred pillars grew out of ancient Saturn worship. Talbott contends that Saturn's appearance at the time, radically different from today, inspired man's leap into civilization, since many aspects of early civilization can be seen as conscious efforts to re-enact or commemorate Saturn’s organization of his “celestial” kingdom. A fascinating look at ancient history and cosmology, The Saturn Myth is a provocative book that might well change the way you think about man’s history and the history of the universe.
    [Show full text]
  • Plinius Senior Naturalis Historia Liber V
    PLINIUS SENIOR NATURALIS HISTORIA LIBER V 1 Africam Graeci Libyam appellavere et mare ante eam Libycum; Aegyptio finitur, nec alia pars terrarum pauciores recipit sinus, longe ab occidente litorum obliquo spatio. populorum eius oppidorumque nomina vel maxime sunt ineffabilia praeterquam ipsorum linguis, et alias castella ferme inhabitant. 2 Principio terrarum Mauretaniae appellantur, usque ad C. Caesarem Germanici filium regna, saevitia eius in duas divisae provincias. promunturium oceani extumum Ampelusia nominatur a Graecis. oppida fuere Lissa et Cottae ultra columnas Herculis, nunc est Tingi, quondam ab Antaeo conditum, postea a Claudio Caesare, cum coloniam faceret, appellatum Traducta Iulia. abest a Baelone oppido Baeticae proximo traiectu XXX. ab eo XXV in ora oceani colonia Augusti Iulia Constantia Zulil, regum dicioni exempta et iura in Baeticam petere iussa. ab ea XXXV colonia a Claudio Caesare facta Lixos, vel fabulosissime antiquis narrata: 3 ibi regia Antaei certamenque cum Hercule et Hesperidum horti. adfunditur autem aestuarium e mari flexuoso meatu, in quo dracones custodiae instar fuisse nunc interpretantur. amplectitur intra se insulam, quam solam e vicino tractu aliquanto excelsiore non tamen aestus maris inundant. exstat in ea et ara Herculis nec praeter oleastros aliud ex narrato illo aurifero nemore. 4 minus profecto mirentur portentosa Graeciae mendacia de his et amne Lixo prodita qui cogitent nostros nuperque paulo minus monstrifica quaedam de iisdem tradidisse, praevalidam hanc urbem maioremque Magna Carthagine, praeterea ex adverso eius sitam et prope inmenso tractu ab Tingi, quaeque alia Cornelius Nepos avidissime credidit. 5 ab Lixo XL in mediterraneo altera Augusta colonia est Babba, Iulia Campestris appellata, et tertia Banasa LXXV p., Valentia cognominata.
    [Show full text]
  • Greek Culture
    HUMANITIES INSTITUTE GREEK CULTURE Course Description Greek Culture explores the culture of ancient Greece, with an emphasis on art, economics, political science, social customs, community organization, religion, and philosophy. About the Professor This course was developed by Frederick Will, Ph.D., professor emeritus from the University of Iowa. © 2015 by Humanities Institute Course Contents Week 1 Introduction TEMPLES AND THEIR ART Week 2 The Greek Temple Week 3 Greek Sculpture Week 4 Greek Pottery THE GREEK STATE Week 5 The Polis Week 6 Participation in the Polis Week 7 Economy and Society in the Polis PRIVATE LIFE Week 8 At the Dinner Table Week 9 Sex and Marriage Week 10 Clothing CAREERS AND TRAINING Week 11 Farmers and Athletes Week 12 Paideia RELIGION Week 13 The Olympian Gods Week 14 Worship of the Gods Week 15 Religious Scepticism and Criticism OVERVIEW OF GREEK CULTURE Week 16 Overview of Greek Culture Selected collateral readings Week 1 Introduction Greek culture. There is Greek literature, which is the fine art of Greek culture in language. There is Greek history, which is the study of the development of the Greek political and social world through time. Squeezed in between them, marked by each of its neighbors, is Greek culture, an expression, and little more, to indicate ‘the way a people lived,’ their life- style. As you will see, in the following syllabus, the ‘manner of life’ can indeed include the ‘products of the finer arts’—literature, philosophy, by which a people orients itself in its larger meanings—and the ‘manner of life’ can also be understood in terms of the chronological history of a people; but on the whole, and for our purposes here, ‘manner of life’ will tend to mean the way a people builds a society, arranges its eating and drinking habits, builds its places of worship, dispenses its value and ownership codes in terms of an economy, and arranges the ceremonies of marriage burial and social initiation.
    [Show full text]
  • Biblical Chronology: Legend Or Science? the Ethel M
    James Barr, Biblical Chronology: Legend Or Science? The Ethel M. Wood Lecture 1987. Delivered at the Senate House, University of London on 4 March 1987. London: University of London, 1987. Pbk. ISBN: 7187088644. pp.19. Biblical Chronology: Legend Or Science? James Barr, FBA Regius Professor of Hebrew, University of Oxford The Ethel M. Wood Lecture 1987 Delivered at the Senate House, University of London on 4 March 1987 [p.1] The subject of biblical chronology can be seen in two quite different ways. Firstly, there is scientific or historical chronology, which deals with the real chronology of actual events. This is the way in which the subject is approached in most current books, articles and encyclopaedias.1 You may ask, for instance, in what year Jesus was born, or in what year John the Baptist began his preaching; and the way to approach this is to consider the years in which Augustus or Tiberius was Roman emperor, in which Herod was king of Judaea, in which Quirinius conducted a census in Syria, and to try to set the relevant gospel stories in relation with these. If you were successful, you would end up with a date in years BC or AD, for example 4 BC which was long the traditional date for the birth of Jesus (since it was the year in which Herod the Great died), although most recent estimates end up with a date some years earlier.2 Or you might ask what was the year in which Solomon’s temple was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, and you might produce the result of 586 BC, on the basis of historical data which could be mustered and verified historically.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronology of Old Testament a Return to Basics
    Chronology of the Old Testament: A Return to the Basics By FLOYD NOLEN JONES, Th.D., Ph.D. 2002 15th Edition Revised and Enlarged with Extended Appendix (First Edition 1993) KingsWord Press P. O. Box 130220 The Woodlands, Texas 77393-0220 Chronology of the Old Testament: A Return to the Basics Ó Copyright 1993 – 2002 · Floyd Nolen Jones. Floyd Jones Ministries, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This book may be freely reproduced in any form as long as it is not distributed for any material gain or profit; however, this book may not be published without written permission. ISBN 0-9700328-3-8 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... I am gratefully indebted to Dr. Alfred Cawston (d. 3/21/91), founder of two Bible Colleges in India and former Dean and past President of Continental Bible College in Brussels, Belgium, and Jack Park, former President and teacher at Sterling Bible Institute in Kansas, now serving as a minister of the gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ and President of Jesus' Missions Society in Huntsville, Texas. These Bible scholars painstakingly reviewed every Scripture reference and decision in the preparation of the Biblical time charts herewith submitted. My thanks also to: Mark Handley who entered the material into a CAD program giving us computer storage and retrieval capabilities, Paul Raybern and Barry Adkins for placing their vast computer skills at my every beckoning, my daughter Jennifer for her exhausting efforts – especially on the index, Julie Gates who tirelessly assisted and proofed most of the data, words fail – the Lord Himself shall bless and reward her for her kindness, competence and patience, and especially to my wife Shirley who for two years prior to the purchase of a drafting table put up with a dining room table constantly covered with charts and who lovingly understood my preoccupation with this project.
    [Show full text]
  • ANCIENT TERRACOTTAS from SOUTH ITALY and SICILY in the J
    ANCIENT TERRACOTTAS FROM SOUTH ITALY AND SICILY in the j. paul getty museum The free, online edition of this catalogue, available at http://www.getty.edu/publications/terracottas, includes zoomable high-resolution photography and a select number of 360° rotations; the ability to filter the catalogue by location, typology, and date; and an interactive map drawn from the Ancient World Mapping Center and linked to the Getty’s Thesaurus of Geographic Names and Pleiades. Also available are free PDF, EPUB, and MOBI downloads of the book; CSV and JSON downloads of the object data from the catalogue and the accompanying Guide to the Collection; and JPG and PPT downloads of the main catalogue images. © 2016 J. Paul Getty Trust This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042. First edition, 2016 Last updated, December 19, 2017 https://www.github.com/gettypubs/terracottas Published by the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles Getty Publications 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 500 Los Angeles, California 90049-1682 www.getty.edu/publications Ruth Evans Lane, Benedicte Gilman, and Marina Belozerskaya, Project Editors Robin H. Ray and Mary Christian, Copy Editors Antony Shugaar, Translator Elizabeth Chapin Kahn, Production Stephanie Grimes, Digital Researcher Eric Gardner, Designer & Developer Greg Albers, Project Manager Distributed in the United States and Canada by the University of Chicago Press Distributed outside the United States and Canada by Yale University Press, London Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: J.
    [Show full text]
  • A Glossary of Greek Birds
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MEDICAL CENTER LIBRARY SAN FRANCISCO FROM THBJLreWTRY OF THE LATE PAN S. CODELLAS, M.D. rr^r s*~ - GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS Bonbon HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE AMEN CORNER, E.G. MACMILLAN & CO., 66 FIFTH AVENUE Fro. I. FIG. 2. FIG. 3. FIG. FIG. 5. FIG. 6. FRONTISPIECE. ILLUSTRATIONS. i. PARTHIAN FIG. AN ARCHAIC GEM, PROBABLY (Paris Coll., 1264,2 ; cf. Imhoof-Blumer und Keller, PI. xxi, 14). FIG. 2. TETRADRACHM OF ERETRIA (B. M. Cat., Central Or., PI. xxiii, i). Both these subjects represent a bird on a bull's (or cow's) back, in my opinion the pleiad in relation to the sign Taurus (vide infra, p. 31). In 2 is to the in r it is in Fig. the bull turning round, symbolize tropic ; Fig. the conventional kneeling attitude of the constellation Taurus, as Aratus describes it (Ph. 517) Tavpov 5f ateeXfcov oaarj irepityaiveTai oK\a, or in Cicero's translation ' Atque genu flexo Taurus connititur ingens.' Compare also, among other kindred types, the coins of Paphos, showing a bull with the winged solar disc on or over his back {Rev. Num., 1883, p. 355; Head, H. Numorum, p. 624, &c.). FIGS. 3, 4. A COIN OF AGRIGENTUM, WITH EAGLE AND CRAB (Head, H. Niimorum, p. 105). Aquila, which is closely associated with i. as Cancer rises : it Capricorn (cf. Manil. 624), sets may figure, therefore, as a solstitial sign. FIG. 5. COIN OF HlMERA, BEFORE B.C. 842, WITH THE COCK (Head, cf. H. Numorum, p. 125 ; infra, p. 26). FIG.
    [Show full text]
  • Arrian's Voyage Round the Euxine
    — T.('vn.l,r fuipf ARRIAN'S VOYAGE ROUND THE EUXINE SEA TRANSLATED $ AND ACCOMPANIED WITH A GEOGRAPHICAL DISSERTATION, AND MAPS. TO WHICH ARE ADDED THREE DISCOURSES, Euxine Sea. I. On the Trade to the Eqft Indies by means of the failed II. On the Di/lance which the Ships ofAntiquity ufually in twenty-four Hours. TIL On the Meafure of the Olympic Stadium. OXFORD: DAVIES SOLD BY J. COOKE; AND BY MESSRS. CADELL AND r STRAND, LONDON. 1805. S.. Collingwood, Printer, Oxford, TO THE EMPEROR CAESAR ADRIAN AUGUSTUS, ARRIAN WISHETH HEALTH AND PROSPERITY. We came in the courfe of our voyage to Trapezus, a Greek city in a maritime fituation, a colony from Sinope, as we are in- formed by Xenophon, the celebrated Hiftorian. We furveyed the Euxine fea with the greater pleafure, as we viewed it from the lame fpot, whence both Xenophon and Yourfelf had formerly ob- ferved it. Two altars of rough Hone are ftill landing there ; but, from the coarfenefs of the materials, the letters infcribed upon them are indiftincliy engraven, and the Infcription itfelf is incor- rectly written, as is common among barbarous people. I deter- mined therefore to erect altars of marble, and to engrave the In- fcription in well marked and diftinct characters. Your Statue, which Hands there, has merit in the idea of the figure, and of the defign, as it reprefents You pointing towards the fea; but it bears no refemblance to the Original, and the execution is in other re- fpects but indifferent. Send therefore a Statue worthy to be called Yours, and of a fimilar delign to the one which is there at prefent, b as 2 ARYAN'S PERIPLUS as the fituation is well calculated for perpetuating, by thefe means, the memory of any illuftrious perfon.
    [Show full text]
  • A Ritual for the Dead: the Tablets from Pelinna (L 7Ab)
    CHAPTER TWO A RITUAL FOR THE DEAD: THE TABLETS FROM PELINNA (L 7AB) Translation of tablets L 7ab from Pelinna The two tablets from Pelinna (L 7a and 7b) were found in Thessaly in 1985, on the site of ancient Pelinna or Pelinnaion. They were placed on the breast of a dead female, in a tomb where a small statue of a maenad was also found (cf. a similar gure in App. II n. 7). Published in 1987, they revolutionized what had been known and said until then about these texts, and contributed new and extremely important view- points.1 They are in the shape of an ivy leaf, as they are represented on vase paintings,2 although it cannot be ruled out that they may represent a heart, in the light of a text by Pausanias that speaks of a “heart of orichalcum” in relation to the mysteries of Lerna.3 Everything in the grave, then, including the very form of the text’s support, suggests a clearly Dionysiac atmosphere, since both the ivy and the heart evoke the presence of the power of Dionysus. The text of one of the tablets is longer than that of the other. It has been suggested4 that the text of the shorter tablet was written rst, and since the entire text did not t, the longer one was written. We present the text of the latter:5 1 These tablets were studied in depth by their \ rst editors Tsantsanoglou-Parássoglou (1987) 3 ff., and then by Luppe (1989), Segal (1990) 411 ff., Graf (1991) 87 ff., (1993) 239 ff., Ricciardelli (1992) 27 ff., and Riedweg (1998).
    [Show full text]
  • The Panel Abstracts
    The Outskirts of Iambos Panel Proposal While the genre of Iambos is most commonly thought of as an archaic Greek phenomenon, iambic poetics seems to rear its ugly head throughout classical antiquity and beyond. In the typical literary-historical accounts, Iambos proper is deployed to describe the work of Archilochus, Hipponax, Semonides and other, more shadowy characters who inhabit the archaic Greek poetic landscape. Those poets who do compose iambic verses in later periods, e.g., Callimachus, Horace, etc., are seen purely as imitators or adapters—their archaic models contribute significantly to the interpretation of their iambic poetry. Of course, in the case of Callimachus and Horace, this derivative status is based on the poets' own words (cf. Call. Ia. 1.1- 4 and Hor. Ep. 1.19.23-25). The question arises, then, why focus attention on the derivative nature of a poem? Is this simply a symptom of the anxiety of influence or does it have a more integral role to play in the iambic mode? Given the liminal character of the archaic Greek iambographers, this panel examines such derivativeness as constitutive aspect of Iambos from the earliest period. In short, the archaic Greek iambographers tendency to showcase, in their poetry, their own faults and failings, their distance from Greek cultural and poetic norms, can be seen as an essential feature of the iambic mode and, as such, is used and transformed in subsequent iambicizing texts. This panel will investigate the implications of this self-consciously distant aspect of iambic poetics by looking for ways in which the iambic mode is marshaled in texts that seemingly lie outside the purview of what is traditionally considered authentic Iambos (i.e., limited to that composed in archaic Greece).
    [Show full text]
  • 45 Crafting Materials for 5E His Document Contains a List of Different Crafting Materials That I Have Made for My Table 1: Metals Home Games
    45 Crafting Materials for 5e his document contains a list of different crafting materials that I have made for my Table 1: Metals home games. Most of these are based on materials that have appeared in other versions of Dungeons and Dragons. In the descriptions, Magical Effects I have tried to remove any reference to specific All effects are non-magical effects and thus are Tplanes. Just in case you want to use them as-is maintained in anti-magic fields. This also means and don't play in a game with planar travel, but if you like the that they do not overcome non-magical resistances effects but not the descriptions I encourage you to flavor it in a way that fits your game most. Metals Name Weapon Effect Armor Effect Rarity Abyssus +1d4 to Fey, Fiends and Undead, Attacks crit on Grants resistance to cold, fire, and lightning Rare a 19 or 20 damage dealt by fiends and elementals Adamantine Deals Damage to Objects as if it was a critical hit Critical Hits against you turn into normal hits Rare Alchemical Counts as a magical weapon for the purposes of Grants resistance to Necrotic damage Uncommon Silver resistances and immunities Aururum Is able to mend itself if broken Is able to mend itself if broken Rare Baatorium +1 to damage on slashing and piercing weapons Resistance to slashing and piercing damage from Rare non-magical weapons Cold Iron +1d4 to Fey, Fiends and Undead Grants advantage on saves vs Spells Rare Entropium Whips made of Entropium deal 1d6 instead of Resistance to non-magical bludgeoning damage Uncommon 1d4 Fevrus +1 Fire damage Immune to Cold, any creature that ends it’s turn Uncommon wearing armor made from Fevrus takes 1d6 Fire damage.
    [Show full text]