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THE ORIGIN of the GODS Incorporating the Ideas of Edward Furlong

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ARLY MEN saw the world through minds uninfluenced by scien- Etific knowledge. Like wild animals, they responded with positive or negative feelings towards other people and inexplicable phenomena. In this book you will follow the author as he unravels the truth un- derlying the various mythologies inherited from the ancient world. You will discover the true nature of elves, dwarfs, dragons and gods. The story begins with the discovery of the totally unexpected location of the Garden of Eden. Known in Norse mythology as Midgard, Eden is where an ash tree, holding a cherished beehive, furnished sacred honey which was fermented to make mead—the nectar that nourished the earthly gods. It was also the place where Elves invented the rudimentary writing that enabled minstrels to preserve the songs of great exploits and heroic deeds. Thus we can say of Eden that it was the place where recorded history began. THE ORIGIN OF THE GODS Incorporating the ideas of Edward Furlong E. Peter Battey-Pratt CONTENTS chapter page Preface vii Introduction 11 2 Edward Furlong and the Garden of Eden 16 3 Analysis of the Bible 28 4 Gilgamesh and the Wine Woman 38 5 The Immortals 53 6 The Indo-Europeans and the Aryans 60 7 Prometheus, Io and Perseus 76 8 The Amazons 97 9 Atlantis 112 10 Hercules 133 11 The Great Serpent 149 12 Invasion of the Sea People 178 13 The White Man and the Ash Tree 244 14 Valhalla 247 15 Mithridates, Father of Kings 275 16 Beowulf and St. George 279 17 Abraham’s Family 293 18 Bull Men and the Jealous One 350 19 The Chinese Dragon 369 20 Bringing it Together 375 Predictions 413 Appendices 415 bibliography with comments 423 index 429 ii MAPS, TABLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS figure page 1 Archæological sites in Mesopotamia 20 2 Edirne and its surroundings 24 3 The kings of Israel and Judah 33 4 The pre-deluge geneological trees 35 5 Locations pertinent to the travels of Gilgamesh 44 6 Examples from Latin and English illustrating Grimm’s law 62 7 Sample of Indo-European languages 63 8 Corresponding initial consonants in IE languages 65 9 FirstKurganthrustintoEurope 71 10 Second, North Pontic Kurgan thrust into Europe 72 11 Table showing the natural evolution of consonantal sounds from ‘fortis’ to ‘lenis’ 74 12 The Journeys of Io and the Indo-Europeans 86 13 TuzG¨ol¨uandLakeTritonis 94 14 The Perseus journey and the movement of the Sea People 95 15 Greek dialects about 400 b.c. 105 16 The early movements of the Amazons 107 17 Ancient Egypt during the Hyksos occupation 108 18 Mt. Cassius and the Sea of Serbonis 132 19 Mt. Nyssa and its surroundings 164 20 Gurney’s Hittite king list with modifications 170 21 The return journey of the Argonauts compared with Celtic migrations 195 iii figure page 22 The journey that we call the Odyssey 203 23 The correction required to make the sequence of events in Homer’s Odyssey fit the probable historic sequence. 204 24 Geographical setting of the Northern myths 251 25 Biblical geneologies for Abraham and his relatives 287 26 The relatives of Abraham (Brahmin Isaac) and Princess Rebekah 288 27 Location of Ezeikel and surrounding sites 291 28 Plausible family tree for the descendants of Nahor 296 29 Locations of principal sites in Palestine 312 30 Routes of the formative groups of the Children of Israel 326 31 Attested references to the name of the sky-god 347 32 Probable declension of the original name of the sky-god 347 33 The Tarim basin where Tocharian documents were found 360 34 Rock painting in cave at Lascaux 371 35 Ship on a Sumerian seal 392 iv PLATES plate facing page 1 Hittite soldiers bearing battle scythes The great sky-god in his manifestation as a bull 140 2 Lightning produced by volcanic eruption The Chimaera Comet Morehouse Ancient Greek sculpture of Typhon 141 3 Ludicrous depiction of Odysseus pursued by Borias Jackal-headed Anubis Lioness-headed Sekhmet The Trojan Horse as a siege engine 190 4 Lamassu sprinkling a sacred tree with lustral water Lamassu sprinkling King Ashurnazirpal with lustral water Urartian norn sprinkling a sacred tree with lustral water Ivory plaque of a deer in front of a sacred tree 191 5 The Cro-Magnon skull Early Bantu skull The Jebel Qafzeh skull Eurafrican Combe Capelle skull Mediterranean skull 254 6 Female Neanderthal skull Probable outline of face Engraved bone from Isturitz A pregnant Neanderthal female 255 v plate facing page 7 Cro-Magnon and Neanderthal skulls compared Neanderthal head from the Isturitz bone Head of a Sumerian battle victim A Sumerian depicted in relief Hurrian Hittite prisoners of war Gothic Hittite prisoners of war 260 8 Neanderthal Shanidar I skull Neanderthal Amud skull Suggested face for Amud skull Victim from Sumerian Mosaic Standard of Ur Possible early Hurrian skull from Skuhl Modern Armenian skull 261 9 Palette of King Narmer vanquishing enemies Reverse of palette showing a bull Pharaoh Den smiting Asiatics Crowned skull from V¨ors 344 10 Set and the Typhonian beast Assitawandas feasting Men serving Assitawandas Sea Person with sidelock 345 vi PREFACE In the summer of 1987, I found myself fascinated listening to a radio broadcast, by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, on the location of the Garden of Eden; it was in two parts. The first part raised my expectations so high I was determined to hear the conclusion one week later. However, I had previously arranged with family and friends to attend a performance of Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture in Kingston’s old stone Fort Henry.1 The performance included the firing of real cannons. To hear the second part of the Eden broadcast, I took with me a portable radio set incorporating a tape recorder. To cue in, I needed to catch the beginning of the program so I could press the recording button. Just imagine the scene. A large audience was engrossed in listening to the glorious strains of the Kingston Symphony Orchestra, and there was I with a radio set on my lap and a pair of earphones on my head. Several people in the audience turned and glared at me. But it was worth it. The music was great, and I also had my tape recording. The broadcast re-awoke my passion for the pursuit of an interest I had always had. Following the broadcast, I began corresponding with Edward Furlong, the author of the radio program, and indulged in fifteen years of intensive research. This book is the outcome. The seed for this book was planted over two decades ago. However, my devotion to the subject of myth, legend and ancient history has been a deep and abiding passion since, as a teenager, I first read Gods, Graves and Scholars. The magic of the world of archæology fascinated me and I longed to study the ancient documents for myself. Because I took a different route in life studying mathematics and theoretical physics, I was not able to pursue this love of archæology until I retired from my teaching career. Though now retired, the desire to instruct is deep within me and so this book is, no doubt, instructional. I hope readers of all ages find something rewarding here but I especially hope young adults find inspiration. Plato tells us he wanted the citizens of his ideal republic to begin their formal education studying the myths rather than rational teachings, and so 1That is Kingston in Ontario. vii preface he valued the telling of tales above the study of mathematics. This is quite the reverse of the way we value the world today. I trust you, my reader, will see that rational thought plays a significant role in the analysis of myth because myth contains real history that can be proved using the sciences such as archæology, linguistics, climatology and cartography. Here, I try to link science and literature. The basis of all social and behavioral education comes from the telling of inspirational stories recounting the lives of great heroes. The Greeks took myth to mean everything that was legendary and miraculous, everything that could not be proved by fact or demonstrated through reason. In modern language, ‘mythical’ has come to mean ‘unreal’ or ‘imaginary’. That is why the poetry of the ancients concerning their gods and heroes was tolerated by early Christians who thought they were merely aesthetic expressions. The later Greeks themselves replaced mythical tradition by their own experience, and imagination by reasoning. As I shall show in this book, the ancient thinking is more accurate in that it accepted the myths as recording true and actual events that had been transmitted by word of mouth down through the centuries. These were the legends of heroes and gods, preserving the memory of glorious deeds, from the dark of long ago. Not only was the glorification of the heroes from the past a fitting tribute, but it also provided a glowing example for imitation by present and future generations. The Greeks believed the poet’s words stirred the heart with a desire for glory, providing models for emulation. Because of this poetic inflexion on history, historical verity seems to be lost. As I show in this book, the mythical tradition is complicated by different elements, some of which are founded in history and some showing overtones of embellishments from later tellings. The legends concerning the gods came to have religious overtones for they are connected to cosmic phenomena such as the sky, the stars, the Earth, volcanic eruptions, lightning and thunder, and other events hard to explain in ancient times.
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