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13916 ID Wilson1982regentvill Andrew Wilson History 4 1982 REGENTVILLE: AN HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY An Australian local his.tory using non-documentary evidence Supervisor: Professor R Ian Jack '~ --- . TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Acquisition of the Regentville Estate 3. The Estate 3.1 The Mansion' 3.2 The Vineyard and Winery 3.3 The' Dam 3.4 The Cottages 3.5 The FactorY'and attendant'buildings 3.6 The Windmill 3.7 ~homas Jamison's House 3.8 The School & Church Building 3.9 Miscellaneous items 4. Bibliography 5. Appendix of contemporary descriptions 6. Illustrations 7. Maps and Plans 1. INTRODUCTION The study is restricted, in general, to in situ remains. I have made no attempt to follow up evidence which may have left the site, but have recorded it if it became available. The study is further restricted to the era of Sir John Jamison in the main. I have not initiated new studies after the time of Sir John's death but have endeavoured to, follow through the history of the remains from that period. I have endeavoured to record, as fully as practicable, all archaeological evidence on the site which relates to the era. Under the provisions of the Heritage Act it is illegal to disturb the ground with, the ,intention of discovering or exposing a relic; Consequently all observations have had to be confined to what is immediately visible. Furthermore, because of the'possibility of vandalism as little vegetation as possible was removed (it presently ,serves to, screen the ruins from the ,road) • The,submission is in three,parts: the 'written text; the folder of illustrations; and the portfolio of maps and plans. All maps and plans drawn by me conform to the Australian Height Datum and the Australian Map Grid., 2 ACQUISITION OF THE ESTATE When Sir John Jamieson returned to New South Wales in 1814 it was with the intention of settling permanently (for his return see Jamison, Narrative of Experiences ••• p19, and for his intention see Wentworth Corr. Jamison to Wentworth 11 March 1811). Having failed in his attempt to acquire Emu Plains he decided to expand the 1000 acre grant in Evan that he had inherited from his father (Jamison to Macquarie 24 Aug 1814). The question of Jamison's inheriting this land is a vexed one. Pike (1967 Vol 2 pll) says that Sir John inherited the land. Fletcher (1979 p2 & note 10) says that Sir John purchased the land from his father, on the basis c;>f an indenture between the two·in .Jamison Papers p5ff. There ·is nO such indenture. Jamison Papers pp5-7 is a bill from Thomas Jamison's solici.tor itemising his services in drawing up Thomas' will. Under the heading 'Yourself to Johnston & Others' it records the drawing up of' a release and assignment of all Thomas' property in NSW to Messrs Johnston, Bell & Thr~sby~~b~~@-i~-nQ-i~~~f~r-a~sting the execution of this document; it is last mentioned.on 21 Jan 1811 in a draft form and unengrossed~ Under the heading 'Yourself to Jamison' it lists on 22 January a change of instructions whereby·Uthe whole of your property was to be made over to your son instead of.Messrs Johnston, Bell & Throsby". This document went through ·a .number of changes, mostty concerned'with appointing trustees .for Thomas' two '.infant' daughters. On 25 January the .' . fir~t' two items listed are for the drawing and fair copying of Thomas' will and attesting the exec~tion of that will. Thomas died on 27 January 1811. This reading of the'document is confirmed by a copy of Thomas Jamison's will included in the abstract of title with Real Property Application No. 2821. The will is dated 25 January 1811 and, after providing a legacy for two daughters, it reads, in part.: nand after payment of the matters and things aforesaid I give'and qequeath all the residue of my estate and effects whatsoever and ·.w;heresoever .unto. my son John Jamison, doctor •••• " There seems little doubt that Sir John inherited his father's property in New South Wales. The gr.ants acquired by Sir John·Jamison to make up the Regentville estate are identified on plan 7.1 - fuller details are as·follows: l. 27 January 1811 inherited from Thos Jamison 2. 21 Feb 1816 purchased from Revd R Cartwright 200 pounds 3. c Oct 1816 purchased from Simeon Lord ? 4. 18 July 1817 crown grant 5. 20 July 1818 purchased from W Cox ? 6. 3 Sept 1818 purchased from Thos Rose 100 pounds and others' (in 3 lots) plus ? 7. 25 Sept 1818 purcha.sed from J & S Brabyn 166.13.4 8. 31 Aug 1819 crown grant 9. 16 April 1821 pur.chased from o Luttre11 ? 10. 2 June 1821 purchased from Wm Brad1ey 200 pounds 1l. 12 Sept 1821 purchased from E Luttre11 ? 12. .9 July 1822 crown grant 13. 15 Jan 1823 purchased from Revd H Fu1ton 200 pounds 14. 15 Feb 1823 purchased from John Lacy ? 15. 13 Sept 1824 purchased from John Single 100 pounds 16. 2 Dec 1834 purchased from P P King ? ........ I 3.1 THE MANSION The site is on the crest of a hill, overlooking the Nepean River, south west of Regentville township and about ~ km south of Muigoa Road. For the location see plans 7.1 and 7.2, and also the Reuss map 7.13 (see also Jackson 1863; Reuss 1879 a & b). The foundation stone was laid on 9 September 1823. Sir John Jamison entertained a large party to dinner (Gazette Tuesday 11 September 1823). The house was at least two years in the building; William Horton describes it as being in process of construction in June of 1824 (see extract 5.3) and in 1825 Baron de Bougainville recorded that it was very nearly completed. Jamison lived in the house until his death in 1844. The attempt to see the -house in 1847 was unsuccessful. On-6 May 1862 it was opened as a mental asylum by a Mr Frederick Bell, for the well-to-do; it was leased and 1500 pounds had-been spent on repairs (Attorney Gen. Special Bundles Bell to Col. Sec.). The asylum was not successful and when the house burnt down in the early hours of 22 May 1969 it was being used as an hotel (SMH 27/5/1869 p3; SMH 29/5/1869 p5; S.Mail 29/5/1869). The account of the iriquest into the fire in SMH 27/5/1869 is the most detailed. Only the main block was gutted, -all.the outbuildings remained undamaged. When the land was sold in 1879 the stone and the remains of the house were excepted from-the sale (Real Property Application 5021, conditions & terms of sale etc 17/10/1879). The buildings were demolis~ed and the stone re-used in a number of buildings in and around Penrith. For a house that_was so renowned and so much visited, it- is surprising that so little is known of its interior--and the details of its appearance.-Most comments about the interior of the house are very general and it is described as richly or expensively furnished, in the manner of the English nobility. Only a few de~ails of the interior are known. Bougainville (5.4) refers to native cedar woodwork _and fireplaces of local marble. Most descriptions of the exterior are similarly vague. It is described as 'Grecian' and 'modern'. More than one description gives detailed dimensions of-the house (see 5.3 and 5.6). The pictorial representations differ a-great deal in quality and reliability. The Conrad Martens drawings (6.1 to_ 6.4) provide the greatest amount of information, both in terms of general aspect and detail. The two etchings (6.5 and 6.6) and the watercolour (6.7) are clearly related - whether one is derived from another, or whether they have a common source, is not .- ..... '1":-.~'" • '-: • • ". known. They vary in detail to a considerable degree. Thomas Weore's sketch (6.8) gives only a very distant prospect of the house, in what is a very rough sketch, judging by his other works. The question of the house's architect has not been resolved. The only contemporary comment is that of Bougainville, who observes that Sir John was the architect; this is supported by the account he gives of a decision to change some details, made on the spot (see extract 5.4). Bougainville's comment, however; might only indicate that_Jamison was supervising the building operations; he may not necessarily have been the original. architect. Modern opinion favours two candidates:'Greenway and Kitchen. 'Ellis, Greenway's biographer, suggests .that.Greenway might have been responsible for the design (pI86). Morton Herman, whilst not commenting directly, appears to suggest that Kitchen-was not competent enough to have produced such a design. More recently,'Lucas & Cox, following Helen Proudfoot, assign the design to Kitchen (pI44). The fact that Kitchen' died before the foundation.stone·was laid does not .necessarily exclude him - and it might explain why Jamison·.was (to quote Bougainville) "his own architect". Greenway was in private practice at. this time and is not_known to have:been doing anything else at the time; he had worked for Jamison before. There is general agreement that there is a-close relationship between the house and' the rectory at Windsor. The speculative reconstruction sketch (7.8) is based upon st Matthews rectory at Windsor whose dimensions, when expanded, conform closely to those of the main Qlock of Regentville. In a forth-coming study, James Broadbent.will attribute both buildings- to Greenway, largely on stYlistic- grounds.
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