INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from w y type of computer printer. The qcaliiy uf this reproduction is dependent upon the qnali^ of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photogrsqihs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and inqjroper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ELEVEN BIG TEN CONFERENCE MARCHING BAND PROGRAMS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By John Allen Fuller, B.M.E., M.M, ***** The Ohio State University 1995 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Jon R. Woods Judith K. Delzell ü x (J Advisor Richard L. Blatti School of Music UMI Number; 9533973 Copyright 1995 by Fuller, John Allen All rights reserved. DMI Microform 9533973 Copyright 1995, by DKI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Copyright by John A. Fuller 1995 To my mother, Martha Fuller and my father, Roderick Fuller. Their love and support were major factors in the preparation and completion of this dissertation. 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank the following people for their kind assistance in the preparation of this dissertation. Professor Richard L. Blatti for his thoughtful insights and constant dedication as a model teacher and conductor. Dr. Judith K. Delzell for her knowledge of research and helpful advice in the preparation of the manuscript. Dr. Mark Hosier, Dr. Frank Tracz, and Dr. David Woike for their useful feedback regarding the content and format of the questionnaire. The eleven marching band directors of the Big Ten Conference: Professor Eric Becher, Dr. Richard Bundy, Professor David Henning, Professor Michael Leckrone, Dr. David Leppla, Professor Gary Lewis, Professor John Madden, Dr. Stephen Peterson, Professor Gary Smith, Professor David Woodley, and Dr. Jon R. Woods. This study would not have been possible without their valued input. Finally, a sincere note of gratitude goes to Dr. Jon R. Woods, my advisor, mentor, and friend. Flis guidance, understanding and encouragement were primary contributions in both the preparation of this dissertation, and throughout my doctoral studies. iii VITA July 26,1964 ..............................................Born — Columbus, Ohio 1987 ...........................................................Bachelor of Music Education, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 1987-198 8 .................................................. Graduate Teaching Associate, Cleveland State University Cleveland, Ohio 1988-199 2 .................................................. Instrumental Music Director, Saint Ignatius High School Cleveland, Ohio 1992 ........................................................... Master of Music in Music Education, Cleveland State University Cleveland, Ohio 1992-1995 .................................................. Graduate Teaching Associate, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Music Studies in Music Education: Drs. Jere L. Forsythe, Judith K. Delzell, Jon R. Woods Studies in Marching Band Techniques: Dr. Jon R. Woods Studies in Wind Conducting: Professors Richard L. Blatti, Craig J. Kirchhoff IV TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION..................................................................................................... ü ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................. iü VITA.................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................... viii CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION.................................................................... 1 Historical Overview of American Marching Bands 2 The Problem .............................................................................. 9 Purpose of the Study................................................................. 11 Need for the Study .................................................................. 13 Definition of Terms................................................................. 13 Limitations of tlie Study .......................................................... 16 n. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.................................. 17 Descriptive Research on College Marching Band Programs............................................................................. 17 Studies on Marching Band Arranging ................................... 19 Studies and Articles on Computer Charting....................... 21 Other Studies Related to Marching Band ............................. 23 Summary .................................................................................. 26 m. PROCEDURES.......................................................................... 27 Introduction .............................................................................. 27 Development and Validation of the Questionnaire 27 Distribution of the Questionnaire ........................................... 33 IV. PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE DATA 35 Introduction............................................................................... 35 1. Philosophy of Show Design.................................. 35 2. Marching Band Styles ............................................ 40 3. Auxiliary Units ....................................................... 51 4. Music and Arrangers.............................................. 61 5. Professional Staff..................................................... 66 6. Graduate Assistants............................................... 88 7. Student Staff and Supplemental Staff Positions 97 8. Membership Breakdown and Recruitment.... 106 9. Marching Band Tryouts and Pre-Season Rehearsals........................................................... 112 10. Show Charting Responsibilities............................. 125 11. Rehearsals................................................................. 130 12. Performances........................................................... 133 13. Travel......................................................................... 141 14. Bowl Game Appearance........................................ 144 15. Operational Budget / Additional Monetary Sources.............................................................. 150 16. Grades and Scholarships........................................ 153 17. Recordings............................................................... 159 18. Alumni Marching Band ......................................... 162 19. Band History........................................................... 168 20. Free Response......................................................... 170 V. SUMMARY, DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 172 Introduction .............................................................................. 172 Summary .................................................................................. 173 Discussion.................................................................................. 179 Recommendations for Future Studies .................................... 183 REFERENCES................................................................................................... 184 VI APPENDICES A. Supplemental Bibliography...................................................... 188 B. Introductory Cover Letter ......................................................... 204 C. Survey Questionnaire ............................................................... 206 D. Follow-Up Cover Letter...............................................................234 Vll LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Marching Band Director Philosophy of Show Design....................... 37 2. Marching Fundamentals......................................................................... 42 3. General Marching Style ........................................................................... 45 4. Specific Combinations of Marching Styles and Show Designs ... 46 5. Significant Changes................................................................................. 48 6. Feature Twirler........................................................................................