DOCSLIB.ORG

Stults Complete

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stults Complete HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON A THEOLOGY OF SUFFERING, PERSECUTION, AND MARTYRDOM Complete in eight chapters by Roy Stults, PhD “If here we suffer something for Christ, there we shall be blessed. For He tests us by the cross 1 and suffering, as gold is tested by fire by the Creator, Who out of nothing created the whole world. Blessed then we shall be if we persevere in the good to the end.” From a letter Jan Hus wrote to the people of Louny, after March 15, 1411, translated in Matthew Spinka, The Letters of John Hus.1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ......................................................................................................... 1 Roy Stults, PhD ........................................................................................................................... 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................. 3 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 11 General Observations on Persecution and Martyrdom in the Early Church ...................................... 15 CHAPTER 1: CHRISTIANITY IN CONFLICT WITH ROMAN RELIGION ........................................... 19 The Clash between Christians and Rome .......................................................................................... 19 Aspects of Roman Religion ............................................................................................................... 20 The Expectations of Roman Authorities and People ......................................................................... 22 Points of Conflict............................................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 2: THE END OF THE FIRST CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND ............. 28 Ignatius of Antioch ............................................................................................................................ 28 Letter to the Romans ...................................................................................................................................28 Letter to the Church at Smyrna ....................................................................................................................29 Letter to Polycarp ........................................................................................................................................30 Letter to the Ephesians ................................................................................................................................30 Ignatius’ Thoughts on Martyrdom .................................................................................................... 31 3 Clement of Rome .............................................................................................................................. 32 An Assessment of Clement’s Thoughts on Martyrdom ..................................................................................33 Aristides Presents His Case ............................................................................................................... 33 An Assessment of Aristides’ Apology ............................................................................................................34 CHAPTER 3: THE SECOND CENTURY .......................................................................................... 35 Martyrdom and Apologetics ............................................................................................................. 35 Justin Martyr: Where Apologetics and Martyrdom Converge ........................................................... 36 Justin Martyr’s First Apology ........................................................................................................................38 Justin Martyr’s Second Apology ....................................................................................................................41 Assessment of Justin’s Thought ....................................................................................................................41 Tatian of Assyria ............................................................................................................................... 42 An Assessment of Tatian’s Thought ..............................................................................................................43 The Epistle of Mathetes to Diognetus ............................................................................................... 43 Assessment of Mathetes’s Thought on Persecution ......................................................................................44 Minucius Felix ................................................................................................................................... 45 An Assessment of Octavius of Minucius Felix ................................................................................................46 Tertullian’s Thoughts on Persecution and Martyrdom...................................................................... 47 Tertullian’s Defense of the Christians Against the Heathen ...........................................................................49 Tertullian’s Scorpiace ...................................................................................................................................51 Tertullian’s Ad Martyrs ................................................................................................................................53 Tertullian’s Ad Nationes ...............................................................................................................................53 Assessment of Tertullian’s Thought on Persecution and Martyrdom .............................................................55 Athenagoras of Athens’ Thought on Persecution.............................................................................. 56 4 Assessment of Athenagoras’ Thought on Persecution...................................................................................58 Clement of Alexandria’s Perspective on Persecution and Martyrdom .............................................. 59 An Assessment of Clement of Alexander’s Thought on Persecution and Martyrdom .....................................61 Origen’s Thought on Persecution and Martyrdom ............................................................................ 62 Origen’s An Exhortation to Martyrdom .........................................................................................................63 Origen’s Response to The True Doctrine by Celsus ........................................................................................66 An Assessment of Origen’s Thought on Persecution and Martyrdom ............................................................68 CHAPTER 4: THIRD AND FOURTH CENTURIES ........................................................................... 69 Cyprian of Carthage’s Thought on Persecution and Martyrdom ....................................................... 69 Exhortation to Martyrdom ...........................................................................................................................70 Epistle VIII To the Martyrs and Confessors ....................................................................................................71 Epistle XXIV To Moyes and Maximus and the Rest of the Confessors ............................................................72 Epistle XXV Moyes, Maximus, Nicostatus and the other Confessors answer the forgoing letter (250) ............72 Epistle LXXVI Cyprian to Nemesianus and other Martyrs in the Mines ...........................................................73 Epistle LXXVII The Reply of Nemesianus, DatiVus, Felix, and Victor to Cyprian ...............................................74 Epistle LXXX Cyprian to Sergius, Rogatianus, and Other Confessors in Prison ................................................74 On the Lapsed Treatise 3 ..............................................................................................................................75 An Assessment of Cyprian’s Thought on Persecution and Martyrdom ...........................................................77 Athanasius: Persecution within the Church and State ...................................................................... 77 On the Incarnation .......................................................................................................................................78 Apology of our Holy Father Athanasius, Archbishop of Alexandria, in Vindication of His Flight, when He was Persecuted by Duke Syrianus .......................................................................................................................80 An Assessment of Athanasius’ Thought on Persecution and Martyrdom .......................................................81 Methodius of Olympus ..................................................................................................................... 81 5 Discourse on the Resurrection ......................................................................................................................82 Assessment of Methodius for a Theology of Persecution and Martyrdom .....................................................82 CHAPTER 5: FIFTH SIXTH, AND SEVENTH CENTURIES...............................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Paganism and Idolatry in Near Eastern Christianity
    Durham E-Theses 'The Gods of the Nations are Idols' (Ps. 96:5): Paganism and Idolatry in Near Eastern Christianity NICHOLS, SEBASTIAN,TOBY How to cite: NICHOLS, SEBASTIAN,TOBY (2014) 'The Gods of the Nations are Idols' (Ps. 96:5): Paganism and Idolatry in Near Eastern Christianity, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10616/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Sebastian Toby Nichols ‘The Gods of the Nations are Idols’ (Ps. 96:5): Paganism and Idolatry in Near Eastern Christianity This thesis will explore the presentation in Christian literature of gentile religious life in the Roman Near East in the first few centuries AD. It will do so by performing a close study of three sources – the Syriac Oration of Meliton the Philosopher, the Syriac translation of the Apology of Aristides, and the Greek Address to the Greeks of Tatian.
    [Show full text]
  • Avhandling Ne...Ng Heresy.Pdf
    Negotiating Heresy The Reception of Origen in Jerome's Eschatological Thought Pålsson, Katarina 2019 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Pålsson, K. (2019). Negotiating Heresy: The Reception of Origen in Jerome's Eschatological Thought. Lunds universitet, Media-Tryck . Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Negotiating Heresy The Reception of Origen in Jerome’s Eschatological Thought KATARINA PÅLSSON CENTRE FOR THEOLOGY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES | LUND UNIVERSITY Jerome of Stridon (347-419/20) has largely been remembered for the controversies in which he was engaged. His work as a polemicist and a defender of what he considered to be orthodox teaching has been seen as defining.
    [Show full text]
  • Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi Kazıları 1989-2009
    Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi Kazıları 1989-2009 Yayına Hazırlayanlar Sema Doğan Ebru Fatma Fındık Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi Kazıları 1989-2009 ISBN 978-9944-483-81-0 Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi Kazıları 1989-2009 Yayına Hazırlayanlar Sema Doğan Ebru Fatma Fındık Kapak Görseli Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi, naostan bemaya bakış (Z.M. Yasa / KA-BA) Ofset Hazırlık Homer Kitabevi Baskı Matsis Matbaa Hizmetleri Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. Şti. Tevfikbey Mahallesi Dr. Ali Demir Caddesi No: 51 34290 Sefaköy/İstanbul Tel: 0212 624 21 11 Sertifika No: 40421 1. Basım 2018 © Homer Kitabevi ve Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti. Tüm metin ve fotoğrafların yayım hakkı saklıdır. Tanıtım için yapılacak kısa alıntılar dışında yayımcının yazılı izni olmaksızın hiçbir yolla çoğaltılamaz. Homer Kitabevi ve Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti. Tomtom Mah. Yeni Çarşı Caddesi No: 52-1 34433 Beyoğlu/İstanbul Sertifika No: 16972 Tel: (0212) 249 59 02 • (0212) 292 42 79 Faks: (0212) 251 39 62 e-posta: [email protected] www.homerbooks.com Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi Kazıları 1989-2009 Yayına Hazırlayanlar Sema Doğan Ebru Fatma Fındık Yıldız Ötüken’e… İçindekiler Sunuş 7 Jews and Christians in Ancient Lycia: A Fresh Appraisal Mark Wilson 11 Kaynaklar Eşliğinde Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi’nin Tarihi Sema Doğan 35 Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi Kazı Çalışmaları 1989-2009 S Yıldız Ötüken 63 Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi Projesi 2000-2015 Yılları Arasında Proje Kapsamında Gerçekleştirilen Danışmanlık, Projelendirme, Planlama ve Uygulama Çalışmaları Cengiz Kabaoğlu 139 Malzeme Sorunları ve Koruma Önerileri Bekir Eskici 185 Tuğla Örnekleri Arkeometrik
    [Show full text]
  • Decius, Origen, Arianism & Monasticism – Content
    ~220 235, 244 249-251 250 250 185-254 260 ~275 275 ~280 Heresy of Emperors Emperor Cyprian Heresies of Origen Persians, Heresy of Selection of Monasticism Millenialism Maximinius& Decius of Novatianism & Goths, Franks Arianism Nativity Philip Carthage Manichaeism SESSION 8: DECIUS, ORIGEN, ARIANISM & MONASTICISM – CONTENT 1. Around 220 the heresy of millenialism appeared, based upon Revelation 20:1-6. Its main proponent was Commodian, and it said that a one thousand year period of paradise was imminent. It was condemned at the Synod of Iconium in 230. The Council of Nicea (325) included “whose kingdom shall have no end” in the Creed to condemn it, and it was condemned again at the Council of Constantinople in 381. 2. By 230 Christianity was spreading widely in the Roman Empire; even a few emperors declared themselves Christians. So it was with Emperor Alexander Severus. But he was succeeded by Emperor Maximinius in 235, who hated Alexander and thus ordered that the leaders of the Church be destroyed. 3. In 244 Maximinius was succeeded by Emperor Philip, who was a Christian. 4. In 249 the soldier Decius became Emperor. He tried to restore Rome to its old glory, thus requiring return to Roman ancestral religion. His means was to arrest, threaten and torture ‘infidels’ into submission. From 249 until his death in 251, persecution of Christians was the second worst in Roman history. In June of 250 Decius decreed that all of the empire must call on the gods by sacrificing to them, and that all must obtain official certificates attesting they had done so.
    [Show full text]
  • Thecla's Hymn (Symp. 285-292) – Did Methodius of Olympus Imitate Plato?
    Classica Cracoviensia XVIII, 2015 DOI: 10.12797/CC.18.2015.18.09 AGNIESZKA HESZEN (JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY, KRAKÓW) THECLA’S HYMN (SYMP. 285-292) – DID METHODIUS OF OLYMPUS IMITATE PLATO? SUMMARY: In this article the author analyses the literary sources of Thecla’s hymn from Methodius of Olympus’ Symposium. It is obvious that Methodius took over his concept of the treaty on chastity from Plato’s Symposium, but in the end of the work, or Thecla’s Hymn, is closer to Origen, from whom he bor- rowed the concept of mystical marriage of the Church and of the soul. In the hymn there are some common motifs with Song of Songs, especially with re- gard to the allegorical interpretation of love. The hymn is not Platonic, but it is a poetic summary of philosophical discussion, and praise and glory to Christ. KEYWORDS: Methodius of Olympus, Thecla’s hymn, mystical marriage, Song of Songs, epithalamium Thecla’s hymn is the culmination of a banquet – the meeting of ten virgins, described in Methodius’ of Olympus treatise on chastity, entitled in Greek Sumpo;sion tw#n de;ka parye;nwn. The very title of the work clearly indicates Platonic reminiscences on the one hand, and on the other hand, the number and characters of ten virgins have obvious associations with Jesus’ parable of the wise and foolish virgins (Matt 25:1-13). So, from the very beginning of the treatise we are dealing with combining both traditions – the Classical Greek and Christian one, which in the era of Methodius was already quite widespread in litera- ture, philosophy, and theology.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
    THE MAN AND THE MYTH: HERACLIUS AND THE LEGEND OF THE LAST ROMAN EMPEROR By CHRISTOPHER BONURA A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Christopher Bonura 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my adviser, Dr. Andrea Sterk, for all the help and support she has given me, not just for this thesis, but for her patience and guidance throughout my time as her student. I would never have made it to this point without her help. I would like to thank Dr. Florin Curta for introducing me to the study of medieval history, for being there for me with advice and encouragement. I would like to thank Dr. Bonnie Effros for all her help and support, and for letting me clutter the Center for the Humanities office with all my books. And I would like to thank Dr. Nina Caputo, who has always been generous with suggestions and useful input, and who has helped guide my research. My parents and brother also deserve thanks. In addition, I feel it is necessary to thank the Interlibrary loan office, for all I put them through in getting books for me. Finally, I would like to thank all my friends and colleagues in the history department, whose support and friendship made my time studying at the University of Florida bearable, and often even fun, especially Anna Lankina-Webb, Rebecca Devlin, Ralph Patrello, Alana Lord, Eleanor Deumens, Robert McEachnie, Sean Hill, Sean Platzer, Bryan Behl, Andrew Welton, and Miller Krause.
    [Show full text]
  • The Virgin-Martyr and the Emergence of the Early Christian Heroine: a Study of the Female Protagonist in the Acts of Paul and Thecla
    The Virgin-Martyr and the Emergence of the Early Christian Heroine: A study of the female protagonist in the Acts of Paul and Thecla Violina Yankova-Ingvarsson MA Religious Roots of Europe 120 credits UiO Faculty of Theology 06.08.2020 1 ABSTRACT The broader interest of this study is linked to the manifestations and perceptions of the ‘roles’ of women in the socio-cultural landscape of the Greco-Roman late antiquity. In particular, it attempts to understand how they can be situated in relation to the emergence of the identity constructing rhetoric of early Christian discourse in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. With the development of poststructuralist and feminist perspectives in the last decades of the 20th century, the scholarly interest and interpretative efforts - in the field of cultural studies in general and religious studies in particular - have been increasingly focusing on the ‘non-canonical’, ‘peripheral’, and the ‘grass-root level’ phenomena, and respectively, engaging with the study of the ‘history’ and ‘roles’ of women. These ongoing research efforts - while deconstructing the grand-narratives of the scholarly positivism of the previous centuries - had significantly widened the body of texts included in the scope of scholarly investigation, amongst which, the various texts usually gathered under the complex term of early Christian apocrypha. In the current study I concentrate on one of the probably most popular in antiquity - and in depth researched by today’s scholarship - examples of this ‘genre’: The Acts of Paul and Thecla. Reading through the captivating narrative of Thecla’s struggles I will try to detect the textual features of the female protagonist that can be meaningful in the larger perspective of the early Christian discourse and its paradigmatic notions of renunciation and soteriological suffering.
    [Show full text]
  • Out of Nothing: a History of Creation Ex Nihilo in Early Christian Thought
    Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 1989–2011 Volume 17 Number 2 Article 9 2005 Out of Nothing: A History of Creation ex Nihilo in Early Christian Thought Blake T. Ostler Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/msr BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Ostler, Blake T. (2005) "Out of Nothing: A History of Creation ex Nihilo in Early Christian Thought," Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 1989–2011: Vol. 17 : No. 2 , Article 9. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/msr/vol17/iss2/9 This Mormon Studies is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 1989–2011 by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Title Out of Nothing: A History of Creation ex Nihilo in Early Christian Thought Author(s) Blake T. Ostler Reference FARMS Review 17/2 (2005): 253–320. ISSN 1550-3194 (print), 2156-8049 (online) Abstract Review of “Craftsman or Creator? An Examination of the Mormon Doctrine of Creation and a Defense of Creatio ex nihilo” (2002), and Creation out of Nothing: A Biblical, Philosophical, and Scientific Exploration (2004), by Paul Copan and William Lane Craig. Out of Nothing: A History of Creation ex Nihilo in Early Christian Thought Blake T. Ostler n their contribution to The New Mormon Challenge entitled I“Craftsman or Creator? An Examination of the Mormon Doctrine of Creation and a Defense of Creatio ex nihilo,” Paul Copan and William Lane Craig assert, among other things, that the notion of creation ex nihilo—creation out of nothing—is biblical.1 For good 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright © 2018 John Allen Dearing III All Rights Reserved. the Southern
    Copyright © 2018 John Allen Dearing III All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. WILL NOT RETURN VOID: THE USE OF SCRIPTURE IN EVANGELISTIC WRITINGS IN THE GREEK PATRISTIC TRADITION __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by John Allen Dearing III December 2018 APPROVAL SHEET WILL NOT RETURN VOID: THE USE OF SCRIPTURE IN EVANGELISTIC WRITINGS IN THE GREEK PATRISTIC TRADITION John Allen Dearing III Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Timothy K. Beougher (Chair) __________________________________________ Adam W. Greenway __________________________________________ Michael A. G. Haykin Date ______________________________ To my loving, supportive wife, Andrea, and our children Jack, Charis, and Lizzy. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE . vi Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Development of Evangelistic Writing in the Ancient Church . 6 Statement of the Problem . 9 Definitions . 12 Research Methodology . 15 2. THE USE OF SCRIPTURE IN THE EVANGELISTIC WRITINGS OF JUSTIN MARTYR . 19 Biography . 20 Justin’s Theology of Scripture . 25 Examination of Justin’s Use of Scripture in Evangelism . 38 Conclusion . 42 3. THE USE OF SCRIPTURE IN THE EVANGELISTIC WRITINGS OF ORIGEN . 43 Alexandrian Thought in the Time of Origen . 44 Biography . 45 Origen’s Theology of Scripture . 51 Origen’s Use of Scripture in Against Celsus . 64 Conclusion . 70 4. THE USE OF SCRIPTURE IN THE EVANGELISTIC WRITINGS OF ATHANASIUS . 71 Alexandrian Thought in the Time of Athanasius .
    [Show full text]
  • The Resurrected Body, Will It Be of Flesh Or Spiritual? Theological Discussions from the Time of the Apostle Paul up to the Sixth Century AD
    The Resurrected Body, WillScrinium It Be 11Of (2015) Flesh 225-241 Or Spiritual? 225 Journal of Patrology and Critical Hagiography www.brill.com/scri The Resurrected Body, Will It Be of Flesh or Spiritual? Theological Discussions from the Time of the Apostle Paul up to the Sixth Century AD Antonia S. Kakavelaki University of Athens, Athens, Greece [email protected] Summary The resurrection of the dead according to Origen and Philoponus is spiritual and not of the flesh. Their opinion, contrary to the official Christian view, was influenced by the neo-Platonic doctrine of “the subtle body of the soul” and based upon Aristotelian logic. Origen’s argumentation was formed as a personal interpretation of the passage of the Apostle Paul (1 Cor. 15:39–47) where Paul mentions that the risen body will be spiritual. Philoponus argumentation, on the other hand, was mostly based upon the Aristotelian logic and he thus directed his polemic against the irrationality of the arguments of Cyril of Alexandria and of Gregory of Nyssa. Keywords bodily resurrection – anthropology – Origenism – Gregory of Nyssa – Cyril of Alexandria – John Philoponus 1 Introduction In this article we are attempting to give a comparative account of the theo- logical thought mainly of Origen and John Philoponus upon the subject of the resurrection of the dead. In the long history of the Eastern Church this sub- ject matter received different interpretations from the time of the Apostle Paul up to the sixth century (which will be the chronological limit of our pres- ent study).
    [Show full text]
  • The Apology of Aristides on Behalf of the Christians
    FROM -THE- LIBRARY- OF - - KG N RAD - BURDACH Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/apologyofaristidOOarisrich V>£>»T^ Sap&t^^ •:\<ui3 .t^«tvi«l rCdUw^ TtlDnt<' COD. SINAIT. SYE. XVI. GA 19—v^ 22 nostrae editionis TEXTS AND STUDIES CONTBIBUTIONS TO BIBLICAL AND PATRISTIC LITERATURE EDITED BY J. ARMITAGE ROBINSON B.D. FELLOW OF Christ's college Cambridge VOL. I. No. 1. THE APOLOGY OF AEISTIDES SECOND EDITION CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1893 Eoution: C. J. CLAY and SONS, CAMBEIDGE UNIVEKSITY PKESS WAKEHOUSE, AVE MAEIA LANE. (CambrilJfie: DEIGHTON, BELL AND CO. ILeipjiQ: F. A. BROCKHAUS. l^ebj gork: MACMILLAN AND CO. THE APOLOGY OF AEISTIDES ON BEHALF OF THE CHRISTIANS FROM A SYRIAC MS. PRESERVED ON MOUNT SINAI EDITED WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND TRANSLATION BY J. RENDEL HARRIS M.A. FELLOW OF CLARE COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE AND UNIVERSITY LECTURER IN PALAEOGRAPHY WITH AN APPENDIX CONTAINING THE MAIN PORTION OF THE ORIGINAL GHEEK TEXT BY J. ARMITAGE ROBINSON B.D. FELLOW AND ASSISTANT TUTOR OF CHRIST's COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE SECOND EDITION CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1893 [All Rights reserved] : Cambriljge PKINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A. AND RONS, AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. SURDACH PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. r 1HE first part of this tract contains the Syriac text of the lost I -L Apology of Aristides, accompanied by such comments and elucidations as I have been able to give to the subject. It is my first venture in Syriac, and I am thankful to my learned friends who have from time to time assisted me with suggestions and criticisms for the elimination of some of the more glaring errors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Apology Aristides the Philosopher
    The Apology of Aristides the Philosopher. THE APOLOGY 257 of ARISTIDES THE PHILOSOPHER TRANSLATED FROM THE GREEK AND FROM THE SYRIAC VERSION in PARALLEL COLUMNS. by D. M. KAY, B.Sc., B.D., Assistant to the Professor of Semitic Languages in the University of Edinburgh. 495 Introduction. The Apology of Aristides. ———————————— 259 Introduction. ———————————— The Church Histories, hitherto in dealing with early Christian literature, have given Aristides along with Quadratus the first place in the list of lost apologists. It was known that there had been such early defenders of the faith, and that Quadratus had seen persons who had been miraculously healed by Christ; but beyond this little more could be said. To Justin Martyr, who flourished about a.d. 150, belonged the honour of heading the series of apologists whose works are extant, viz., Tatian, Melito, Athenagoras, Theophilus, the author of the Epistle to Diognetus, who all belonged to the second century and wrote in Greek; and Tertullian, Minucius Felix, Arnobius, and Lactantius, who wrote in Latin, and Clement and Origen who wrote in Greek, during the third century. While Christianity was winning its way to recognition in the Roman empire, these writers tried to disprove the gross calumnies current about Christians, to enlighten rulers and magistrates as to the real character and conduct of the adherents of the new religion, and to remove the prejudice which led to the violent persecutions of the populace. They also endeavoured to commend Christianity to “the cultured among its despisers,” by showing that it is philosophy as well as revelation, that it can supply the answers sought by philosophy, and is unlike human wisdom in being certain because divinely revealed.
    [Show full text]