Saddleworth Historicalsociety Bulletin
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Saddleworth Historical Society Bulletin Volume 49 Number 2 2019 Bulletin of the Saddleworth Historical Society Volume 49 Number 2 2019 The Enigmatic Austerlands Milestone 35 Mike Buckley The Development and Decline of Railways in the Saddleworth Area - Part 2 43 David Wharton-Street and Alan Young An Index of Ammon Wrigley’s Articles and Poems 57 Peter Fox Letter 72 Cover Illustration: Austerlands Milestone Ken Booth, SHSB Vol. 1, No. 3, 1971. ©2019 Saddleworth Historical Society and individual contributors and creators of images. ii SHSB, VOL. 49, NO. 2, 2019 THE ENIGMATIC AUSTERLANDS MILESTONE Mike Buckley1 In October last year a ceremony was held to mark the unveiling of a copy of an ancient milestone that had once stood at Austerlands on the A62 road. The original stone had been discovered in 1971 by the Saddleworth Historical Society and Lees Civic Trust, acting as a gatepost in a wall to the south of the A62 road near the Austerlands Chimney. Some years later, as demolition work was underway nearby, it was decided that the milestone would be stored temporarily in Saddleworth Museum until a new location could be found.2 Oldham Council, which has responsibility for all milestones, gave permission for the stone to be moved. Rex Shepherdson, then chairman of Lees Civic Trust and Mr. T Greenhalgh of Greenhalgh and Crossley, the builders, provided equipment for excavating and transporting the heavy stone to the Saddleworth Museum. Figures 1, 2 and 3 show the stone in the position it was discovered with the now demolished Austerlands Mill in the background. At the time of its discovery Ken Booth produced detailed drawings of the milestone and its inscription. These were first published in the Bulletin in 1971.3 Subsequently the milestone was re-erected on a triangle of land at the bottom of Thorpe Lane, next to the Austerlands chimney, on the north side of the A62. It remained in this position until about twelve years ago when a car, coming up hill, spun out of control and collided with the milestone breaking it in half. The broken portion was taken to the Council highways depot at Mumps with the intention of its eventual restoration. There was some concern about its location in such a vulnerable spot close to a busy highway and no immediate decision was taken on its repair and reinstatement. Some time later, following a change of management in the highways depot, the milestone was forgotten and it was regrettably lost when the depot was closed shortly afterwards. This was particularly unfortunate as the milestone had been Grade II listed and no detailed photographs of it existed. Its replacement with a copy, albeit bearing little resemblance to the original artefact, in the wrong type of stone, and with a mistake in the inscription now provides a close to this sad story. But a number of unresolved questions remain. How old was the original milestone and where was its original location? The inscription on the milestone apparently read:- To Man To Hud cheſter derſfield 10 Mile.. 15 Miles However the distance to Manchester is a point of contention. Ken Booth in his drawings shows the distance as 10 miles while the new replacement stone has the distance as 10½ miles. Photographs show that there was once possibly a half after the 10 but the erosion is too severe to be certain. Bernard Barnes suggested that the milestone belonged to the original Austerlands to Wakefield Turnpike constructed in 1759-60 by John Metcalf, ‘Blind Jack of Knaresborough’. The predecessor of the present A62, the turnpike’s route was altered on a number of occasions. The first 1760 turnpike followed an existing old route along Thorpe Lane and Thurston Clough Road. It is shown on Jefferys’ map of Yorkshire, published in 1772 (Figures 4 & 5).4 Then around 1800, the present route was created at a lower level through Scouthead 1 I would like to thank David Chadderton for suggesting this article and for his help also for providing information and photographs. 2 Oldham Chronicle, November (?) 1979. 3 SHS Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 3. (1971), p. 14. 4 M. Buckley et al. (eds), Mapping Saddleworth, Vol. 1, (SHS, 2010), pp. 2-5. 35 THE ENIGMATIC AUSTERLANDS MILESTONE Figure 1. North View David Chadderton Collection Figure 2. East View David Chadderton Collection Figure 3. South View David Chadderton Collection 36 THE ENIGMATIC AUSTERLANDS MILESTONE and New Delph, superseding the old route along Thorpe Lane. At Austerlands, the new road passed along Old Lane joining Thorpe Lane behind Austerlands chimney. But this was not the final route: around 1820, the present route through Austerlands was created between Heywood Lane and Thorpe Lane avoiding the narrow bends on the old road. So if the milestone was put in place as part of the first Turnpike it follows it would have been somewhere on Thorpe Lane. Only one other milestone has survived on this route. The top part of it remains on a wall at Highmoor.5 It is semi-circular in section and and carved in fine sandstone with high quality lettering (Figure 6), quite different from the crudely produced Austerlands milestone. This suggests that it post dated the Austerlands milestone. The inscription reads:- TO Huddersf’.... Miles TO Oldham 3 Miles Unfortunately, the numbers in both cases have either been effaced or are badly eroded. The number ‘3’ is inverted and appears to be an alteration of possibly an original ‘8’. The distance to Oldham from Highmoor is indeed 3 miles so the milestone must be close to its original position, Jefferys’ map shows it slightly closer to Thurston Clough and gives the Huddersfield distance as 13 miles. As already noted, the route of the first and second Turnpikes at Austerlands passed down Thorpe Lane, the second branching off down Old Lane until its re-routing to its present position in the 1820s. A third milestone at Austerlands adds further to the picture. This milestone (Figure 7) is still in position on the 1820s road near the old Co-op premises.6 The inscription reads: TO TO Manchestr. Huddersdfd. 9 Miles 15 Miles. 1135. YARDS. The shape of the stone is similar to the Highmoor stone but slightly triangular in section with curved faces and the lettering, which uses a small ‘s’ rather than a long ‘s’, is similar to the Highmoor stone, implying that both are similar in date but later than the first Austerlands milestone. It is also clear that the wording ‘1135 YARDS’ has been added at a later date. Writing in 1949, W.B. Crump in his seminal work Huddersfield Highways Down the Ages, commenting on this milestone, states that it ‘is said to have been moved from its original site in Old Lane to its present one in New Road’.7 A similar stone exists at New Delph and there was once another at the end of Harrop Edge Lane.8 Crump goes on to say that these stones were apparently survivors of the first Turnpike shown by Jeffreys; but this is clearly wrong as the three stones are on the route of the second turnpike. The fact that the third stone was once on Old Lane dates it before the 1820s and, as it matches two others on the second turnpike route, would date it after 1800. It seems most likely they all date from 1800, the time the second turnpike was built. A chronology of the three milestones at Austerlands therefore emerges. The Highmoor milestone was on the route of the first turnpike, and must have been abandoned after 1800 with the opening of the second turnpike. It possibly dated from the creation of the first turnpike in 1759-60 but must date from before 1800. 5 At National Grid Reference SD 97413 06347. It is illustrated and described in an article by Ken Booth in SHS Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 3-4. 6 At National Grid Reference SD 95989 05522. 7 W.B. Crump. Huddersfield Highways Down the Ages, (Tolson Memorial Museum, Huddersfield, 1949), p. 74. 8 ibid. 37 THE ENIGMATIC AUSTERLANDS MILESTONE Figure 4. Jeffreys’ Saddleworth Map of 1772 Figure 5. Jeffreys’ Map of 1772 featuring Marsden 38 THE ENIGMATIC AUSTERLANDS MILESTONE The Austerlands milestone, which is quite different in style and material from the Highmoor stone must surely pre-date it and is possibly a remnant of the pre-turnpike road which passed through Austerlands. The rough gritstone construction and style of lettering with the long ‘s’ is also consistent with other milestones and waymarkers of an earlier period illustrated by Crump. Guide stoops and milestones appeared as a result of an Act of Parliament of 1698 which ordered Justices to erect guide posts at crossroads, the Justices being liable for a penalty in default. Consequently the Justices of the West Riding in 1700 issues an order to the Townships’ Surveyors of Highways ‘for Stoops to be sett up in Crosse highways’ inscribed with ‘the name of the next Market Town to which each of the joining highways leede’. Further orders appeared in 1733 when it was ordered that guide stoops were particularly to be set up at crossroads ‘upon large Moors and Commons where intelligence is difficult to be had; and in 1738 the distances were to be stated.9 The Austerlands milestone therefore would probably have post-dated this last order and have been produced by the Saddleworth Township’s Surveyor of Highways; it having been made of local material by local labour; perhaps explains its rough form. A similar milestone at Badger Gate near Marsden (Figure 8) provides a further clue to its date.