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Parasitosis in Wild Felids of India: an Overview
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2015 | 7(10): 7641–7648 Review Parasitosis in wild felids of India: an overview Aman Dev Moudgil 1, Lachhman Das Singla 2 & Pallavi 3 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) 1,2 Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 3 School of Public Health and Zoonoses, GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author), 3 [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract: Being a tropical country, India provides an ideal environment for the development of parasites as well as for vector populations resulting in a high degree of parasitism in animals and humans. But only a few detailed studies and sporadic case reports are available on the prevalence of parasites in captive wild animals, and the knowledge of parasites and parasitic diseases in wild animals is still in its infancy. The family felidae comprises the subfamily felinae and pantherinae, and within those are all large and small cats. Most of the available reports on parasites in felids describe helminthic infections, which caused morbidities and occasional mortalities in the infected animals. The parasites most frequently found include the nematodes Toxocara, Toxascaris, Baylisascaris, Strongyloides, Gnathostoma, Dirofilaria and Galonchus, the trematode Paragonimus and the cestodes Echinococcus and Taenia. Almost all the studies identified the parasitic stages by classical parasitological techniques and only a few new studies confirmed the species using molecular techniques. Amongst the protozoan parasitic infections reported in felids: babesiosis, trypanosomiasis and coccidiosis are most commonly found. -
Carnivores of Syria 229 Doi: 10.3897/Zookeys.31.170 RESEARCH ARTICLE Launched to Accelerate Biodiversity Research
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 31: 229–252 (2009) Carnivores of Syria 229 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.31.170 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Carnivores of Syria Marco Masseti Department of Evolutionistic Biology “Leo Pardi” of the University of Florence, Italy Corresponding author: Marco Masseti (marco.masseti@unifi .it) Academic editors: E. Neubert, Z. Amr | Received 14 April 2009 | Accepted 29 July 2009 | Published 28 December 2009 Citation: Masseti, M (2009) Carnivores of Syria. In: Neubert E, Amr Z, Taiti S, Gümüs B (Eds) Animal Biodiversity in the Middle East. Proceedings of the First Middle Eastern Biodiversity Congress, Aqaba, Jordan, 20–23 October 2008. ZooKeys 31: 229–252. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.31.170 Abstract Th e aim of this research is to outline the local occurrence and recent distribution of carnivores in Syria (Syrian Arab Republic) in order to off er a starting point for future studies. The species of large dimensions, such as the Asiatic lion, the Caspian tiger, the Asiatic cheetah, and the Syrian brown bear, became extinct in historical times, the last leopard being reputed to have been killed in 1963 on the Alauwit Mountains (Al Nusyriain Mountains). Th e checklist of the extant Syrian carnivores amounts to 15 species, which are essentially referable to 4 canids, 5 mustelids, 4 felids – the sand cat having been reported only recently for the fi rst time – one hyaenid, and one herpestid. Th e occurrence of the Blandford fox has yet to be con- fi rmed. Th is paper is almost entirely the result of a series of fi eld surveys carried out by the author mainly between 1989 and 1995, integrated by data from several subsequent reports and sightings by other authors. -
Can Community Forestry Conserve Tigers in India?
Can Community Forestry Conserve Tigers in India? Shibi Chandy David L. Euler Abstract—Active participation of local people through community (Ontario Ministry for Natural Resources 1994). In most forestry has been successful in several developed countries. In the developing countries, like India, the socio-economic prob- early 1980’s, developing countries tried to adopt this approach for lems will have to be addressed first to achieve the objectives the conservation and management of forests. Nepal, for example, of conservation (Kuchli 1997). has gained considerable support from local people by involving them Royal Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) (fig. 1) are in conservation policies and actions. This paper illustrates that endangered and almost on the verge of extinction. Conser- people living near the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve/National Park in vation of these animals in Asia poses serious problems, as India should not be considered mere gatherers of forest products. their population has been reduced significantly due to They can also be active managers and use forest resources hunting, poaching, and habitat shrinkage. Reserves and sustainably, which will help in the conservation of tigers. parks have been established to protect the animals and separate people from the forests. This, however, has caused Conservation of tigers in Asia, especially in India, is a major concern. The Sundarbans offers a unique habitat for tigers, but the conservation strategies followed for the past 20 years have not yielded much result. One of the major reasons is that local people and their needs were ignored. Lack of concern for the poverty/forest interface, which takes a heavy toll on human lives, is another reason for failure. -
Indian Tigers 2020 8Th Jan to 19Th Jan 22Nd Jan to 2Nd Feb
INDIAN TIGERS 2020 8TH JAN TO 19TH JAN SOLD OUT 22ND JAN TO 2ND FEB £2995.00 PER PERSON JOIN NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE PHOTOGRAPHER ANDY PARKINSON FOR AN 11 NIGHT PHOTOGRAPHIC ADVENTURE TO INDIA’S SPECTACULAR BANDHAVGARH NATIONAL PARK. PRICE INCLUDES TRAVEL ACCOMMODATION All transfers to and In order to maximise our Our base will be a clean, from the airport, all time in Bandhavgarh comfortable and tranquil accommodation, on arrival in Delhi on lodge on the outskirts food, park entry fees, the morning of the 9th of the village of Tala, a guiding fees and local January we shall then small settlement on the transportation. catch a connecting 2 fringes of Bandhavgarh hour flight to Jabalpur. National Park. PRICE EXCLUDES Here we shall be met by our hosts who will DEPOSIT All flights, personal then transfer us to our travel insurance, tips and Confirmation of your secluded lodge, hopefully alcoholic drinks or items place can only be arriving at approximately of a personal nature. guaranteed on receipt 7.30pm. We shall then of a non-refundable have some food before £495.00 per person getting a good night’s deposit. The balance is sleep for an early start then due no later than 8 next morning. weeks prior to departure. THE BENGAL TIGER, THOUGH THE MOST NUMEROUS OF THE 6 REMAINING TIGER SUBSPECIES, IS STILL ENDANGERED WITH JUST 2500-3000 INDIVIDUAL ANIMALS LEFT IN THE WILD. INDIA REMAINS THEIR STRONGHOLD WITH THE VAST MAJORITY OF THIS DIMINISHING NUMBER BUT LIMITED POPULATIONS ALSO EXIST IN BHUTAN, BANGLADESH, MYANMAR, NEPAL AND CHINA. -
Bibliography on Tiger (Panthera Tigris L.)
Bibliography on Tiger (Panthera tigris L.) Global Tiger Forum Publication 2014 Copyright © Secretariat of Global Tiger Forum, 2014 Suggested Citation: Gopal R., Majumder A. and Yadav S.P. (Eds) (2014). Bibliography on Tiger (Panther tigris L.). Compiled and published by Global Tiger Forum, p 95. Cover Pic Vinit Arora Inside pictures taken by Vinit Arora, Samir K. Sinha, Aniruddha Majumder and S.P.Yadav CONTENTS Acknowledgements i Introduction to Bibliography on tiger 1 Literature collection and compilation process for bibliography on tiger 2-4 1) Ecology, Natural History and Taxonomy 5-23 2) Aspects of Conflicts 24-35 3) Monitoring (tiger, co-predator, prey and habitat) and Status 36-62 evaluation 4) Genetics, morphology, health and disease monitoring 63-75 5) Protection, Conservation, Policies and Bio-politics 76-95 Acknowledgements The “Bibliography on Tiger (Panthera tigris L.)” is an outcome of the literature database on tiger, brought out by the Global Tiger Forum (GTF). The GTF is thankful to all officials, scientists, conservationists from 13 Tiger Range Countries for their support. Special thanks are due to Dr Adam Barlow, Mr. Qamar Qureshi, Dr. Y.V. Jhala, Dr K. Sankar, Dr. S.P. Goyal, Dr John Seidensticker, Dr. Ullas Karanth, Dr. A.J.T Johnsingh, Dr. Sandeep Sharma, Ms. Grace Gabriel, Dr. Sonam Wangchuk, Mr Peter Puschel, Mr. Hazril Rafhan Abdul Halim, Mr Randeep Singh and Dr. Prajna Paramita Panda for sharing some important references on tiger. Mr P.K. Sen, Dr Jagdish Kiswan, Mr Vivek Menon, Mr Ravi Singh and Dr Sejal Vora and Mr Keshav Varma are duly acknowledged for their comments and suggestions. -
Craniometric Variation in the Tiger (Panthera Tigris): Implications for Patterns of Diversity, Taxonomy and Conservation Ji H
ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.de/mambio ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation Ji H. Maza´ kà Shanghai Science and Technology Museum (formerly Shanghai Museum of Natural History), 260 Yan-an Road (East), Shanghai 200002, PR China Received 4 May 2008; accepted 26 June 2008 Abstract Patterns of geographical variation in tigers are reviewed extensively by a morphometric analysis based on 273 skulls of certain wild origin. The following principal observations emerging from this investigation are found: 1. Modern tigers contain two basic forms: the mainland Asia tiger and the Sunda Island tiger. They are differentiated markedly in skull morphology as well as other morphological characters, the characteristic skull shape and small body size in Java/Bali tigers can be interpreted as adaptational responses to a particular island landscape type and prey species fauna, an evolutionary process known as insular dwarfism. 2. The Sumatran tiger (P.t. sumatrae) probably represents a hybrid of mainland and Island tigers, which originated from mainland Southeast Asia, colonized Indonesia and hybridized with the Sunda island tigers (Java tiger) during the late Pleistocene, and was subsequently completely isolated from both the mainland Southeast Asia and Java/ Bali populations. 3. Among the mainland Asia tigers, the Amur or Siberian tiger is the most distinct; India, Indochinese and South China tigers are craniometrically distinguishable on average, but with clear overlaps; the Caspian tiger, on the other hand, is indistinguishable from other mainland forms and extensively overlaps with both the Northern and Southern Asia subspecies. 4. Most proportional craniometric differences among tigers observed from this study are mainly allometric; the pattern of craniometric variation in mainland tigers is clearly clinal; craniometric variation and sexual dimorphism are closely related. -
Conservation Status of Bengal Tiger (Panthera Tigris Tigris)- a Review
Volume 65, Issue 2, 2021 Journal of Scientific Research Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Conservation Status of Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)- A Review Anoushka Kumar*1 *1S. I. E. S. College of Arts Science and Commerce, [email protected] Abstract: Bengal tiger is one of the majestic carnivores found in regulating and perpetuating ecological processes and system regions of the Indian subcontinent. It possesses immense intrinsic (Sunquist et al., 1999; Terborgh, 1991; WWF-INDIA, 2014). values contributing significantly to the cultural and ecological Many scientists refer it as an ecological litmus paper as it acts aspects. However, a drastic decline in the population has been as an indicator species from which various ecological changes in perceived for the past few years. Anthropogenic activities and fall terms of species richness, equitability, size, biomass, etc. are in prey density are considered to be the major threats. Several determined. It helps in indicating the overall health of the conservation actions and plans have been executed to stabilize and increase the population. This review article summarizes ecology, ecosystems in South and South-East Asia (Mohammad, 2004). threats to tiger population and its conservation strategies. Despite its consequential role in ecological sustainability and services, tiger population is diminishing at an alarming rate all Index Terms: Anthropogenic, Carnivores, Conservation, over its range (Mohammad, 2004; Wikramanayake et al., 2010). Ecological and Population. As per IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, it is evaluated to be an endangered species whose population in the Indian I. INTRODUCTION subcontinent declined drastically from 100,000 in 1900s to 3,600 Bengal tiger, formerly known as Royal Bengal tiger (Pandit, in 2010 (Wikramanayake et al., 2010). -
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the Caspian Sea
TRANSBOUNDARY DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS FOR THE CASPIAN SEA Volume Two THE CASPIAN ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME BAKU, AZERBAIJAN September 2002 Caspian Environment Programme Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis Table of Contents Volume Two 1.0 THE CASPIAN SEA AND ITS SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND LEGAL SETTINGS ..... 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 PHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CASPIAN SEA ...................... 3 1.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT SETTING .............................................................. 23 1.4 LEGAL AND REGULATORY SETTING .................................................................................. 39 2.0 MAJOR TRANSBOUNDARY PERCEIVED PROBLEMS AND ISSUES .................... 50 2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 50 2.2 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS ................................................................................................ 51 2.3 DECLINE IN CERTAIN COMMERCIAL FISH STOCKS, INCLUDING STURGEON: STRONGLY TRANSBOUNDARY. ............................................................................................................ 59 2.4 DEGRADATION OF COASTAL LANDSCAPES AND DAMAGE TO COASTAL HABITATS: STRONGLY TRANSBOUNDARY. ........................................................................................... 69 2.5 THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY: STRONGLY TRANSBOUNDARY. ............................................. -
Chapter 1: Introduction
Husbandry Guidelines For The Tiger Panthera tigris (Mammalia: Felidae ) By Rachael Baker Western Institute of Sydney 2006 Supervisors: Graeme Phipps, Andrew Titmus Jacki Selkeld and Elissa Smith Status: endangered 1 Tigers are always to be considered DANGEROUS *You should never be alone with a tiger when in close proximity, even when they are under anesthetic. *You should never attempt to physically handle a tiger. *Never enter a tiger enclosure or den unless you have checked that they are secure elsewhere. *Never cross over the warning line around dens or exhibits when a tiger is in residence. *Any locks should always be double checked by another keeper before bringing an animal into a den and after putting it out on exhibit. *Do not handle cubs unless you have double checked the mother is secure. 2 First, it is clear that tigers in captivity are dangerous animals that can cause serious harm to visitors and handlers alike any time they come in direct contact with these animals. Despite the appearance of pseudo-domestication in some trained tigers, these animals retain their predatory instincts and neural-visceral reflexes, and they can inflict serious wounds using their teeth or claws suddenly and without forewarning. Tigers (and other large cats) have the ability to cause significant trauma and hidden injuries. The most common location for these injuries is the nape of the neck—tigers and other large cats can realign their jaws so that they can bite down between a victim’s vertebrae and into the spinal cord. Bite wounds can also result in significant bacterial infections (Nyhus et al, 2003). -
Pre-Feasibility Study on the Possible Restoration of the Caspian Tiger in the Amu Darya Delta By
Pre-Feasibility Study on the Possible Restoration of the Caspian Tiger in the Amu Darya Delta by Hartmut Jungius, Yuri Chikin, Oleg Tsaruk, Olga Pereladova 2009 Contents Executive Summary I: Introduction 1. Study Methods 2. Basic Considerations for Restoration of Wildlife Populations II: Species Distribution, Habitat and Biology 1. Former Distribution 2. Decline 3. Tiger Habitats in Central Asia with Particular Reference to Amu Darya 3.1 Central Asia 3.2 Amu Darya Delta 4. Climate 5. Fauna with Particular Reverence to the Tiger 6. Human Use of the Amu Darya Delta 6.1 Dams and Polders 6.2 Agriculture 6.3 Hunting 6.4 Fisheries 6.5 Oil and Gas 6.6 Tourism 6.7 Protected Area and Nature Conservation 7. The Biology of the Caspian Tiger 7.1 Habitat Requirements 7.2 Behavior 7.3 Food 7.4 Home Range III: Discussion and Conclusions IV: Recommendations V: Acknowledgements VI: References VII: Annexes Annex 1: Survey Route and Sites Visited Annex 2: Former Distribution of the Tiger in Central Asia Annex 3: Priority Sites in the Amu Darya Delta for Habitat and Wildlife Restoration Annex 4: Lake System of the Amu Darya Delta Annex 5: Aral Sea Basin, Duststorm Annex 6: Photos Executive Summary: The Caspian tigers occurred in eastern Turkey, the southern Caucasus, in northern Iran, Iraq, and in isolated pocket throughout Central Asia until northwestern China. In Central Asia the tiger was found along floodplains of rivers and in tall grass and reed beds along rivers and lakes. This type of riparian forest is called “Tugai” and used to be widespread throughout the region. -
Sumatran Tiger
[ABCDE] Volume 1, Issue 7 Nov. 6, 2001 CURRICULUM GUIDE: TIGERS e r I n E d u c a p a p t i o w s n P N e r o t g s r a P o m n t o g i n h s T a h e W C e u h r T r i f c u O l u e r m o C A t e T h h T e t C A o r m KLMNO e u l O u An Integrated Curriculum c f i r Resource Program T r h u e C W e a h s T h i n g t o n P m o a s r t g N o r e P w s n p o a i p t a e c r u I d n E ASSOCIATED PRESS PHOTO IN THIS ISSUE Word Study Tiger Resources Wild Vocabulary 2 4 7 A look at extinction Tigers in Print Academic Content 3 5 Endangered Species 8 Standards © 2001 The Washington Post Company An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program KLMNO Volume 1, Issue 7 Nov. 6, 2001 Sumatran Tiger Tiger Resources KidsPost Article: "Earning His Stripes” On the Web and in Print ON THE WEB http://www.fonz.org/animals/tigertiger/tiger- Lesson: Investigating rare and endangered animals cubpr1.htm Level: Intermediate Friends of the National Zoo Subjects: Science See pictures and learn about Sumatran tigers at the zoo. Related Activity: Geography, English, Language Arts www.5tigers.org Procedure 5 Tigers: The Tiger Information Center Dedicated to providing an international forum focusing Read and Discuss on the preservation of wild tigers across Asia and in Read the KidsPost article. -
Turkey's First Wildlife Corridor Links Bear, Wolf
1/22/13 Turkey’s First Wildlife Corridor Links Bear, Wolf and Lynx Populations to the Caucasus Forests – News Watch News Watch » Top 25 Photographs from the Wilderness… Jan. 11, 2013 (17) News Watch » New Great Lakes Map Highlights Environmental… Jan. 10, 2013 (6) News Watch » PrevNext News Watch Home StarStruck Digital Diversity Explorers Journal Water Currents Pop Omnivore Ocean Views Weird & Wild Voice for Elephants Change Reaction Phenomena Turkey’s First Wildlife Corridor Links Bear, Wolf and Lynx Populations to the Caucasus Forests Posted by Çağan Şekercioğlu of University of Utah & KuzeyDoğa Society on February 13, 2012 (3) Like 169 84 7 More » Dr. Çağan Şekercioğlu is a National Geographic Emerging Explorer. A professor of conservation biology, ecology and ornithology at the University of Utah Department of Biology, he also directs the Turkish environmental organization KuzeyDoğa. newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/02/13/turkeys-first-wildlife-corridor-links-bear-wolf-and-lynx-populations-to-the-caucasus-forests/ 5/13 1/22/13 Turkey’s First Wildlife Corridor Links Bear, Wolf and Lynx Populations to the Caucasus Forests – News Watch A gray wolf (Canis lupus) photographed by one of KuzeyDoğa‘s camera traps in Kars Turkey (Türkiye) is the only country covered almost entirely by three of the world’s 34 global biodiversity hotspots: the Caucasus, Irano-Anatolian,and the Mediterranean. At the nexus of Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and Africa, Turkey’s location, mountains, and its encirclement by four seas (Black, Marmara, Aegean, and Mediterrenean) have resulted in spectacular biodiversity, making Turkey “the biodiversity superpower of Europe“. Of over 9000 native vascular plant species known from Turkey, one third are endemic.