DOCSLIB.ORG

Aves Sibling Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aves Sibling Species ɇɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɜɿɫɧɢɤ ɍɠɝɨɪɨɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ ɁȺȽȺɅɖɇȺ ȻȱɈɅɈȽȱə ɋɟɪɿɹ Ȼɿɨɥɨɝɿɹ, ȼɢɩɭɫɤ 16 (2005): 5–21 © Ɂɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɸɤ ȱ., Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɱɨɜ Ɉ., 2005 ɍȾɄ 575.86+57.065 ɉɚɦ’ɹɬɿ Ɉɥɟɤɫɿɹ Ʉɨɪɧɸɲɢɧɚ ɄɅȺȾɈȽȿɇȿɁ ɏɈɊȾɈȼɂɏ ɌȼȺɊɂɇ (CHORDOZOA). ɑȺɋɌɂɇȺ 1. ɉɈɇəɌɌə ɌȺ ɈɁɇȺɄɂ Ɍɂɉɍ, ȼɁȺȯɆɂɇɂ Ɂ ȱɇɒɂɆɂ ȽɊɍɉȺɆɂ ȱ. Ɂɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɸɤ, Ɉ. Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɱɨɜ Ʉɥɚɞɨɝɟɧɟɡ ɯɨɪɞɨɜɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ (Chordozoa). ɑɚɫɬɢɧɚ 1. ɉɨɧɹɬɬɹ ɬɚ ɨɡɧɚɤɢ ɬɢɩɭ, ɜɡɚɽɦɢɧɢ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɚɦɢ. — ȱ. Ɂɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɸɤ1, Ɉ. Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɱɨɜ2. — Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɨ ɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿʀ “ɬɢɩ” ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɰɿ ɬɚ ɮɿɥɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɰɿ. ɉɨɤɚ- ɡɚɧɨ, ɳɨ ɿɫɧɭɽ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɹ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɭɹɜɥɟɧɶ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɪɟɱɟɣ ɿ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɬɹ, ɩɪɢ ɹɤɿɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɤɚɬɟ- ɝɨɪɿɣ “ɥɸɞɢɧɚ“ ɬɚ “ɮɚɭɧɚ” ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɜɨ ɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨ ɡɦɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤ, ɳɨ ɪɚɧɝ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɧɚ ɲɤɚɥɿ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɢɮɟ- ɪɟɧɰɿɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɜɨ ɡɧɢɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ, ɧɚɬɨɦɿɫɬɶ ɪɚɧɝ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ ɮɚɭɧɢ ɿ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ʀɯ ɩɨɞɪɿɛɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɸɬɶ. ɍɤɥɚ- ɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɿ ɬɢɩ — ɰɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɝɪɭɩ ɤɥɚɫɿɜ; ɬɢɩ ɦɚɽ ɜɥɚɫɧɿ ɨɡɧɚɤɢ ɬɚ ʀɯ ɤɨɦɛɿɧɚɰɿʀ, ɳɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ, ɿ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɟ (ɞɨ 30 ɩɥɚɧɿɜ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ). Ɉɡɧɚɤɢ ɬɢɩɭ ɽ ɫɭɬɬɽɜɿɲɢɦɢ ɿ ɞɚɜɧɿɲɢɦɢ ɡɚ ɨɡɧɚɤɢ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɧɢɠɱɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɪɨɞɢɧɧɨɫɬɿ (ɤɥɚɫɿɜ ... ɪɨɞɿɜ). Ɍɢɩɢ ɧɟ ɽ ɪɿɜɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɢɦɢ ɿ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɩɟɜɧɿɣ ɿɽɪɚɪɯɿʀ, ɹɤɚ ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɸɽ ɽɞɧɿɫɬɶ ʀɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɪɨɞɢɧɧɢɯ ɫɬɨɫɭɧɤɿɜ. ɏɪɟɛɟɬɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɭ ɧɚɞɪɚɯ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ, ɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɪɨɞɢɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɟɬɚɩɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ. Ɉɡɧɚɤɢ ɯɪɟɛɟɬɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɹɤ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɿ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɯɨɪɞɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ. “ɉɪɨɦɿɠ- ɧɿ” ɝɪɭɩɢ — ɧɟ ɜɢɧɹɬɨɤ, ɚ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɟ ɹɜɢɳɟ; “ɩɪɨɦɿɠɧɢɦɢ” ɽ ɝɪɭɩɢ, ɞɥɹ ɹɤɢɯ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɭ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹɯ; ɩɪɨɦɿɠɧɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɝɪɭɩ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɹɫɤɪɚɜɢɯ ɩɥɟɡɿɨɦɨɪɮɿɣ. Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɹ, ɤɥɚɞɨɝɟɧɟɡ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ, ɬɢɩ, ɯɨɪɞɨɜɿ, Chordozoa. Ⱥɞɪɟɫɚ: 1 — ɍɠɝɨɪɨɞɫɶɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɜɭɥ. ȼɨɥɨɲɢɧɚ 32, 88000, ɍɠɝɨɪɨɞ, ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ; e-mail: [email protected] . 2 — Ʌɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɿɦɟɧɿ ȱɜɚɧɚ Ɏɪɚɧɤɚ, ɜɭɥ. Ƚɪɭɲɟɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ 4, Ʌɶɜɿɜ, 79005, ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ; e-mail: [email protected]. Cladogenesis in chordate animals (Chordozoa). Part 1. Concept and features of the phylum, relations with other groups. — I. Zagorodniuk1, O. Holovachov2. — The essence of a category “phylum” in a systematics and phylogenetics is consid- ered. It is shown, that there is an obvious evolution of our imagination about the nature of things and diversity. During this evolution, opposition of categories “man” and “fauna” gradually and naturally changes so, that the rank of the “man” on a scale of biological differentiation is gradually reduced, whereas a rank of some groups of a fauna as well as degree of their splitting, on the contrary, increase. In classification understanding, the phylum is a category for a designation of the groups of classes; the type has own attributes and their combinations, which make his bodyplan, and the number of possible phylums of animals is limited (up to 30 plans). Attributes of phylum are more essential and ancient in comparison with at- tributes of other lower levels of relationship (class ... genus). The phylums are not equivalent, and they are in the certain hierarchy, which reflects unity of their origin and structure of the relations. Vertebrate were formed within other phylums, and the structure of their relationship testifies to many-stage formation of this phylum. The attributes of vertebrate were formed as adaptive variants within chordate bodyplan. «Intermediate» groups are not exception, and they are widespread phenomenon. “Intermediate” groups are the groups, for which the place in traditional classifications is not stipulated; and the intermediate character of groups is determined by preservation of bright plesiomorphies. Key words: chordates, Chordozoa, cladogenesis, evolution, phylum, systematics. Address: 1 — Uzhgorod National University, 32 Woloszyn str., 88000, Uzhgorod, Ukraine; e-mail: [email protected]. 2 — Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4 Hrushevsky str., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine; e-mail: [email protected]. ȼɫɬɭɩ ɋɭɱɚɫɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ- ɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿɹ, ɳɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɢɥɚɫɹ ɭ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɨɤ – ɪɢɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɧɨɜɢɯ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ "ɮɿɥɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ" – ɩɿɫɥɹ ɩɪɚɰɶ ȼ. Ƚɟɧ- ɞɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɞɢɧɧɢɯ ɫɬɨɫɭɧɤɿɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ ɧɿɝɚ [57]. ɉɪɨɬɟ, ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɰɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɭ ɰɿɣ ɩɪɚɰɿ ɠɢɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ. ɇɚ ɡɦɿɧɭ (ɜ ɤɪɚɳɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɭ ɞɨ- ɚɜɬɨɪɿɜ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɰɿ ɬɚɤ ɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ) ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɣɧɢɦ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɿʀ, ɟɦɛɪɿɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɿ "ɩɚɬɬɟɪɧ-ɤɥɚɞɢɡɦ", ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨ ɩɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɩɪɢɣɲɥɢ “ɬɨɧɤɚ” ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɿɹ ɬɚ ɰɢ- ɞɟɳɨ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ [75]. ɐɿ ɞɜɿ ɪɟɱɿ ɫɥɿɞ ɱɿɬɤɨ ɪɨɡɪɿɡɧɹ- ɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɤɚ, ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ȾɇɄ ɿ ɧɭɤɥɟɨɬɢɞɧɢɯ ɬɢ. ɇɨɜɿ ɿ ɧɚɞɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɰɿɤɚɜɿ ɮɚɤɬɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɫɬɪɭɤ- ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ [28, 55, 56, 80, 84, 98, 102], ɚɬɚ- ɬɭɪɢ ɪɨɞɢɧɧɢɯ ɫɬɨɫɭɧɤɿɜ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɬɚɤɫɨɧɿɜ ɬɚ ʀʀ ɬɚɤ- ɤɨɠ ɧɨɜɿ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɢ ɞɨ ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɿʀ ɞɚɧɢɯ. ɋɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɥɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɹɜɢ ɱɢɫ- ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɧɟ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɩɨɫɿɞɚɽ ɤɥɚɞɢɫɬɢɱɧɚ ɦɟ- ɥɟɧɧɢɯ ɪɟɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣ. ɇɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɜɿɫɧɢɤ ɍɠɝɨɪɨɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ: Ȼɿɨɥɨɝɿɹ 5 Ɋɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɬɹ ɬɨɱɨɤ ɡɨɪɭ ɧɚ ɪɨɞɢɧɧɿ ɫɬɨɫɭɧɤɢ Ɂɜɨɪɨɬɧɿɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɨɦ ɩɿɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧ- ɬɢɩɿɜ ɞɨɫɹɝɥɢ ɬɿɽʀ ɠ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢ, ɹɤɭ ɞɚɽ ɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɚ ɧɹ ɪɚɧɝɿɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ, ɹɤ ɪɨɫɥɢɧ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ. ɍ ɤɨɦɛɿɧɚɬɨɪɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɬɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ, ɩɿɡɧɚɧɧɿ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɦɢ ɩɪɨɣɲɥɢ ɲɥɹɯ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɣɩɪɨɫɬɿ- ɳɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɸɬɶɫɹ. ɇɟ ɦɢɧɭɥɨ ɰɟ ɿ ɯɨɪɞɨɜɢɯ, ɞɥɹ ɲɨɝɨ ɚɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɿɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ “ɤɪɨɜɧɿ–ɛɟɡɤɪɨɜɧɿ” ɿɡɚ- ɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɟɡɧɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɧɨɜɢɯ ɝɚɥɶɧɨɜɠɢɜɚɧɢɯ “ɯɪɟɛɟɬɧɿ–ɛɟɡɯɪɟɛɟɬɧɿ” ɞɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɧ- ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɥɟɝɤɿɫɬɶ, ɡ ɹɤɨɸ ɜɨɧɢ ɧɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɬɹ ɬɢɩɿɜ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɞɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɨ- ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɸɬɶɫɹ, ɽ ɜɪɚɠɚɸɱɨɸ (ɞɢɜ.: [12]). ȼɿɞ ɤɥɚ- ɨɛɫɹɠɧɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ, ɹɤɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɝɥɹɞɿɜ ɡɚɥɢɲɢɥɨɫɹ ɦɚɥɨ ɳɨ. ɪɿɡɧɢɦ ɩɥɚɧɚɦ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ. ɐɹ ɩɪɚɰɹ ɽ ɫɬɚɬɟɣɧɢɦ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɨɦ ɞɨɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɧɚ ɉɪɨɰɟɫ ɰɟɣ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɨ, ɿ ɡɚɪɚɡ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɳɨ ɞɪɭɝɿɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɿʀ ɡ ɰɢɤɥɭ “ȿɜɨɥɸɰɿɨɧɿɡɦ ɬɚ ɤɪɟ- ɰɿ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɛɭɞɭɬɶ ɭɬɨɱɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɶ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ. Ɂɚ ɫɭɬ- ɚɰɿɨɧɿɡɦ” (Ʉɢʀɜ, 24.05.2002). Ɋɨɛɨɬɚ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɽɜɢɦɢ ɨɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɿʀ, ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ ɿ ɮɿɡɿɨ- ɞɜɨɦɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ. ɉɟɪɲɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɟɧɚ ɩɪɨ- ɥɨɝɿʀ (ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɤɢ) ɜɠɟ ɡɚɪɚɡ ɛɥɟɦɿ ɨɤɪɟɫɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ɬɢɩ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ “ɛɟɡɯɪɟɛɟɬɧɢɯ” ɜɢɡɧɚɸɬɶ ɳɨɧɚɣ- ɞɨ ɜɢɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɢɩɭ ɯɨɪɞɨɜɢɯ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɦɭ ɝɿɥɤɭ ɦɟɧɲɟ 20–25 ɬɢɩɿɜ; ɥɢɲɟ ɧɚɣɩɪɨɫɬɿɲɢɯ ɬɟɩɟɪ ɩɨ- ɬɜɚɪɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ, ɿɦɨɜɿɪɧɢɦ ɮɿɥɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɧɢɦ ɜɡɚ- ɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɧɚ 4–5 ɬɢɩɿɜ, ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɿɠ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɽ ɫɭɬ- ɽɦɢɧɚɦ ɯɨɪɞɨɜɢɯ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ. Ⱦɪɭɝɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɬɽɜɿɲɢɦɢ, ɧɿɠ, ɧɚɩɪ., ɦɿɠ ɧɚɦɢ ɿ ɪɢɛɚɦɢ. ɬɨɪɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɿɜ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɿʀ ɯɨɪɞɨɜɢɯ, ɪɨɡɝɥɹ- Ɂ ɰɿɽʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɬɚɤɿ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ: ɧɭɬɢɯ ɤɪɿɡɶ ɩɪɢɡɦɭ ɤɥɚɞɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɝɿɩɨɬɟɡɢ. ȼ x ɿɫɧɭɽ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɹ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɭɹɜɥɟɧɶ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɨɛɨɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɯ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɚ ɭɜɚɝɚ ɩɪɢɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ- ɪɟɱɟɣ ɿ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɬɹ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɚɥɨɦ, ɫɬɭɩɨɜɨɫɬɿ ɡɦɿɧ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɟɬɚɩɚɯ x ɪɚɧɝ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɭ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɧɹɯ ɩɪɨ ɠɢɜɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɩɨ- ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɬɢɩɭ Chordata ɬɚ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɭ ɬɚɤ ɫɬɭɩɨɜɨ ɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨ ɡɧɢɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ, ɡɜɚɧɢɯ “ɩɪɨɦɿɠɧɢɯ” ɝɪɭɩ. x ɪɚɧɝ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɿ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ʀɯ ɩɨɞɪɿɛɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɜɨ ɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɸɬɶ. ɉɟɪɲɚ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹ ɬɚ ʀʀ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɹ Ɍɢɩ ɹɤ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɹ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɿ ɩɥɚɧ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ ȼɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɥɸɞɢɧɨɸ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɜɿɞ- ɛɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɜɨ, ɿ ɜɟɫɶ ɰɟɣ ɱɚɫ ɥɸɞɢɧɚ ɲɭɤɚɥɚ ɍ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɰɿ ɬɢɩ – ɰɟ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨ- ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɿ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɿ: “ɥɸ- ɪɿɹ, ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɚ (ɧɚɦɢ!) ɞɥɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɝɪɭɩ ɤɥɚɫɿɜ ɞɢɧɚ–ɮɚɭɧɚ–ɮɥɨɪɚ” – ɰɟ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɿ ɛɭɥɚ ɩɟɪɲɚ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ. ɍ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɬɢɩ – ɰɟ ɩɥɚɧ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹ ɠɢɜɨʀ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ. ɛɭɞɨɜɢ. Ƚɪɟɰɶɤɨɸ “typus” ɨɡɧɚɱɚɽ “ɮɨɪɦɚ, ɡɪɚɡɨɤ” ɍ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɦɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɨɞɢ- ɿ ɡɚ ɡɨɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ [13] ɬɥɭɦɚɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɧɢɰɶ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɥɚ, ɿ ɦɢ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɟɦɨ ɰɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɿ “ɜɢɳɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɚ [ɤɭɪɫɢɜ ɧɚɲ!] ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɤɚɬɟ- ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯ ɞɨ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ: ɯɨɪɞɨɜɢɯ. ɝɨɪɿɹ, ɹɤɚ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɭɽ ɪɨɞɢɧɧɿ ɤɥɚɫɢ”. Ʌɸɞɢɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɥɚ ɫɜɨɽ ɭɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɓɨɞɨ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ. ɉɨ-ɩɟɪɲɟ, ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɹ ɞɿɣ- ɫɜɿɣ “ɪɚɧɝ” ɭ ɫɜɿɬɿ. Ɉɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨ ɫɧɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɚ ɧɚɦɢ (ɥɸɞɢɧɨɸ), ɹɤ ɿ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɧɚɦɢ ɜɿɜ ɞɨ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɚɧɝɭ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ. ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɟ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɬɹ. ɍ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɿɣ Ɉɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɞɪɿɛɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ ɧɿɯɬɨ ɧɟ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽ ɬɢɩ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɿɽɸ (ɯɨɱɚ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ, ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹɦ ɪɚ- ɫɚɦɟ ɰɟ ɿ ɦɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɜɚɡɿ). Ʉɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɸ ɥɸɞɢɧɚ ɧɝɭ ʀɯɧɿɯ ɝɪɭɩ. ɍ ɡɝɚɞɚɧɿɣ ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɿɣ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɥɚ ɡɜɟɪɯɭ ɜɧɢɡ, ɜɿɞ ɫɟɛɟ ɿ ɜɿɞ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɜɿ- ʀʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɿ (ɥɸɞɢɧɚ, ɮɚɭɧɚ, ɮɥɨɪɚ) ɡɚɝɚɥɨɦ ɜɿɞɩɨ- ɞɨɦɢɯ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɜɧɢɡ, ɡɚ ɳɚɛɥɹɦɢ “ɞɪɚɛɢɧɢ ɩɪɢɪɨ- ɜɿɞɚɥɢ ɬɨɞɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɸ ɰɚɪɫɬɜ. ɞɢ” (ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɞɚɥɿ). ȿɜɨɥɸɰɿɹ ɠɟ, ɿ ɰɟ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɜɢɡ- ɉɨɞɚɥɶɲɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɪɚɧɝɭ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɣɲɥɢ ɭ ɛɿɤ ɡɧɢ- ɧɚɧɨ, ɣɲɥɚ ɭ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭ, ɜɿɞ ɩɪɨɫɬɿ- ɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɚɧɝɭ Homo. ɍ 18 ɫɬ. ɥɸɞɢɧɭ ɜɢɨɤɪɟɦɥɸ- ɲɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ: ɫɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɛɭɥɢ ɬɪɚɜɢ ɿ ɪɢɛɢ, ɚ ɜɚɥɢ ɭ “ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ” ɪɹɞ Bimanus, ɩɨɬɿɦ – ɭ ɥɢɲɟ ɜɠɟ ɩɨɬɿɦ – ɩɬɚɯɢ ɬɚ ɡɜɿɪɿ [20]. Ɍɢɩɢ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ (ɧɭ ɪɨɞɢɧɭ Hominidae ɪɹɞɭ Primates, ɬɟɩɟɪ ɰɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɡ ɯɨɱɚ ɛ ɯɪɟɛɟɬɧɿ!) ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ ɪɨɞɿɜ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨʀɞɿɜ, ɹɤɢɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɽ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɟ- ɡɚ ɥɸɞɢɧɭ, ɿ ɩɿɡɧɚɬɢ ɧɚɦ ʀɯɧɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɰɟɧɬɧɢɣ (Homo sapiens) ɬɚ ɜɿɫɿɦ ɜɢɤɨɩɧɢɯ (H. ne- ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨ, ɹɤ ɿ ɞɿɬɹɦ ɛɚɬɶɤɿɜ. anderthalensis, erectus, heidelbergiensis, habilis, er- Ɍɟ, ɳɨ ɡɚɪɚɡ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɬɢɩɨɦ, ɡɚɝɚɥɨɦ ɜɿɞɩɨ- gaster, rudolfensis, anteceffor ɬɚ floresiensis) ɜɢɞɿɜ ɜɿɞɚɽ ɤɨɥɢɲɧɿɦ (ɩɨɫɬ-ɥɿɧɟʀɜɫɶɤɢɦ) ɭɹɜɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨ [36, 46]1. Ɉɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɭ ɰɢɯ ɜɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɤɥɚɫɢ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɚɫɶ ɩɟɜɧɚ ɿɧɮɥɹɰɿɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ. ɩɪɚɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɨɞɧɨɦɚɫɲ- ɉɪɨɬɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɽɞɢɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨʀ ɤɥɚ- ɬɚɛɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ [3] ɡ ɩɟɜɧɨɸ ɿɽɪɚɪɯɿɽɸ ɝɪɭɩ (ɪɢɫ. ɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ, ɹɤ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɜɢɳɟ, ɜɟɥɚ ɞɨ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ 2 1).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Meeting 1998
    PALAEONTOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 42nd Annual Meeting University of Portsmouth 16-19 December 1996 ABSTRACTS and PROGRAMME The apparatus architecture of prioniodontids Stephanie Barrett Geology Department, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK e-mail: [email protected] Conodonts are among the most prolific fossils of the Palaeozoic, but it has taken more than 130 years to understand the phylogenetic position of the group, and the form and function of its fossilized feeding apparatus. Prioniodontids were the first conodonts to develop a complex, integrated feeding apparatus. They dominated the early Ordovician radiation of conodonts, before the ozarkodinids and prioniodinids diversified. Until recently the reconstruction of the feeding apparatuses of all three of these important conodont orders relied mainly on natural assemblages of the ozarkodinids. The reliability of this approach is questionable, but in the absence of direct information it served as a working hypothesis. In 1990, fossilized bedding plane assemblages of Promissum pulchrum, a late Ordovician prioniodontid, were described. These were the first natural assemblages to provide information about the architecture of prioniodontid feeding apparatus, and showed significant differences from the ozarkodinid plan. The recent discovery of natural assemblages of Phragmodus inflexus, a mid Ordovician prioniodontid with an apparatus comparable with the ozarkodinid plan, has added new, contradictory evidence. Work is now in progress to try and determine whether the feeding apparatus of Phragmodus or that of Promissum pulchrum is most appropriate for reconstructing the feeding apparatuses of other prioniodontids. This work will assess whether Promissum pulchrum is an atypical prioniodontid, or whether prioniodontids, as currently conceived, are polyphyletic.
    [Show full text]
  • Decoding the Fossil Record of Early Lophophorates
    Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1284 Decoding the fossil record of early lophophorates Systematics and phylogeny of problematic Cambrian Lophotrochozoa AODHÁN D. BUTLER ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 ISBN 978-91-554-9327-1 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-261907 2015 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Hambergsalen, Geocentrum, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, Friday, 23 October 2015 at 13:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Professor Maggie Cusack (School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow). Abstract Butler, A. D. 2015. Decoding the fossil record of early lophophorates. Systematics and phylogeny of problematic Cambrian Lophotrochozoa. (De tidigaste fossila lofoforaterna. Problematiska kambriska lofotrochozoers systematik och fylogeni). Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1284. 65 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9327-1. The evolutionary origins of animal phyla are intimately linked with the Cambrian explosion, a period of radical ecological and evolutionary innovation that begins approximately 540 Mya and continues for some 20 million years, during which most major animal groups appear. Lophotrochozoa, a major group of protostome animals that includes molluscs, annelids and brachiopods, represent a significant component of the oldest known fossil records of biomineralised animals, as disclosed by the enigmatic ‘small shelly fossil’ faunas of the early Cambrian. Determining the affinities of these scleritome taxa is highly informative for examining Cambrian evolutionary patterns, since many are supposed stem- group Lophotrochozoa. The main focus of this thesis pertained to the stem-group of the Brachiopoda, a highly diverse and important clade of suspension feeding animals in the Palaeozoic era, which are still extant but with only with a fraction of past diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Sedimentology and Palaeontology of the Withycombe Farm Borehole, Oxfordshire, UK
    Sedimentology and Palaeontology of the Withycombe Farm Borehole, Oxfordshire, England By © Kendra Morgan Power, B.Sc. (Hons.) A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Earth Sciences Memorial University of Newfoundland May 2020 St. John’s Newfoundland Abstract The pre-trilobitic lower Cambrian of the Withycombe Formation is a 194 m thick siliciclastic succession dominated by interbedded offshore red to purple and green pyritic mudstone with minor sandstone. The mudstone contains a hyolith-dominated small shelly fauna including: orthothecid hyoliths, hyolithid hyoliths, the rostroconch Watsonella crosbyi, early brachiopods, the foraminiferan Platysolenites antiquissimus, the coiled gastropod-like Aldanella attleborensis, halkieriids, gastropods and a low diversity ichnofauna including evidence of predation by a vagile infaunal predator. The assemblage contains a number of important index fossils (Watsonella, Platysolenites, Aldanella and the trace fossil Teichichnus) that enable correlation of strata around the base of Cambrian Stage 2 from Avalonia to Baltica, as well as the assessment of the stratigraphy within the context of the lower Cambrian stratigraphic standards of southeastern Newfoundland. The pyritized nature of the assemblage has enabled the study of some of the biota using micro-CT, augmented with petrographic studies, revealing pyritized microbial filaments of probable giant sulfur bacteria. We aim to produce the first complete description of the core and the abundant small pyritized fossils preserved in it, and develop a taphonomic model for the pyritization of the “small” shelly fossils. i Acknowledgements It is important to acknowledge and thank the many people who supported me and contributed to the successful completion of this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses The palaeobiology of the panderodontacea and selected other euconodonts Sansom, Ivan James How to cite: Sansom, Ivan James (1992) The palaeobiology of the panderodontacea and selected other euconodonts, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5743/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be pubHshed without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. THE PALAEOBIOLOGY OF THE PANDERODONTACEA AND SELECTED OTHER EUCONODONTS Ivan James Sansom, B.Sc. (Graduate Society) A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Durham Department of Geological Sciences, July 1992 University of Durham. 2 DEC 1992 Contents CONTENTS CONTENTS p. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS p. viii DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT p.
    [Show full text]
  • Sepkoski, J.J. 1992. Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Families
    MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions . In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 83 March 1,1992 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Families 2nd edition J. John Sepkoski, Jr. MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions . In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 83 March 1,1992 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Families 2nd edition J. John Sepkoski, Jr. Department of the Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois 60637 Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology Rodney Watkins, Editor (Reviewer for this paper was P.M. Sheehan) This publication is priced at $25.00 and may be obtained by writing to the Museum Gift Shop, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233. Orders must also include $3.00 for shipping and handling ($4.00 for foreign destinations) and must be accompanied by money order or check drawn on U.S. bank. Money orders or checks should be made payable to the Milwaukee Public Museum. Wisconsin residents please add 5% sales tax. In addition, a diskette in ASCII format (DOS) containing the data in this publication is priced at $25.00. Diskettes should be ordered from the Geology Section, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233. Specify 3Y. inch or 5Y. inch diskette size when ordering. Checks or money orders for diskettes should be made payable to "GeologySection, Milwaukee Public Museum," and fees for shipping and handling included as stated above. Profits support the research effort of the GeologySection. ISBN 0-89326-168-8 ©1992Milwaukee Public Museum Sponsored by Milwaukee County Contents Abstract ....... 1 Introduction.. ... 2 Stratigraphic codes. 8 The Compendium 14 Actinopoda.
    [Show full text]
  • Contents of Volume 47 Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (4): 724, 2002
    Contents of Volume 47 Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (4): 724, 2002 Issue 1 (published February 2002) Luo, Z.−X., Kielan−Jaworowska, Z., and Cifelli, R.L.—In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammals . 1–78 Borsuk−Białynicka, M. and Evans, S.E.—The scapulocoracoid of an Early Triassic stem−frog from Poland . 79–96 Maryańska, T., Osmólska, H., and Wolsan, M.—Avialan status for Oviraptorosauria . 97–116 Averianov, A.O., Voronkevich, A.V., Maschenko, E.N., Leshchinskiy, S.V., and Fayngertz, A.V.—A sauropod foot from the Early Cretaceous of Western Siberia, Russia . 117–124 Peláez−Campomanes, P. and Daams, R.—Middle Miocene rodents from Paşalar, Anatolia, Turkey . 125–132 Baumiller, T.K.—Multi−snail infestation of Devonian crinoids and the nature of platyceratid−crinoid interactions . 133–139 Holmer, L.E. and Biernat, G.—Lingulate brachiopods from Lower Ordovician (Tremadoc) chalcedonites, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland . 141–156 Mutvei, H.—Connecting ring structure and its significance for classification of the orthoceratid cephalopods . 157–168 Mierzejewski, P. and Kulicki, C.—Discovery of Pterobranchia (Graptolithoidea) in the Permian . 169–175 Brief reports Fostowicz−Frelik, Ł. and Kielan−Jaworowska, Z.—Lower incisor in zalambdalestid mammals (Eutheria) and its phylogenetic implications . 177–180 Bleefeld, A.R. and Bock, W.J.—Unique anatomy of lagomorph calcaneus . 181–183 Nomenclatorial note. 184 Issue 2 (published May 2002) Thematic issue: Biotic responses to the Late Devonian global events Introduction by Baliński, A., Olempska, E., and Racki, G.—Biotic responses to the Late Devonian global events: Introductory remarks . 186–188 Day, J. and Over, D.J.—Post−extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America .
    [Show full text]
  • Geodiv 2010 32 (4) Livre.Indb
    False teeth: conodont-vertebrate phylogenetic relationships revisited Susan TURNER Monash University Geosciences, Box 28E, Victoria 3800, and Queensland Museum, Geosciences Annex, 122 Gerler Road, Hendra, Queensland 4011 (Australia) [email protected] Carole J. BURROW Queensland Museum, Geosciences Annex, 122 Gerler Road, Hendra, Queensland 4011 (Australia) [email protected] Hans-Peter SCHULTZE Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, Kansas 66046-7561 (USA) [email protected] Alain BLIECK Université de Lille 1, Sciences de la Terre, FRE 3298 du CNRS Géosystèmes, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex (France) [email protected] Wolf-Ernst REIF† Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Sigwartstraße 10, D-72076 Tübingen (Germany) Carl B. REXROAD Indiana Geological Survey, 611 North Walnut Grove, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-2208 (USA) Pierre BULTYNCK Department of Paleontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautier street 29, B-1000 Brussels (Belgium) Godfrey S. NOWLAN Geological Survey of Canada, 3303 – 33rd Street NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2L 2A7 (Canada) Turner S., Burrow C. J., Schultze H.-P., Blieck A., Reif W.-E.†, Rexroad C. B., Bultynck P. & Nowlan G. S. 2010. — False teeth: conodont-vertebrate phylogenetic relationships revisited. Geodiversitas 32 (4): 545-594. GEODIVERSITAS • 2010 • 32 (4) © Publications Scientifi ques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.geodiversitas.com 545 Turner S. et al. ABSTRACT An evidence-based reassessment of the phylogenetic relationships of cono- donts shows that they are not “stem” gnathostomes, nor vertebrates, and not even craniates. A signifi cant group of conodont workers have proposed or accepted a craniate designation for the conodont animal, an interpretation that is increasingly becoming established as accepted “fact”.
    [Show full text]
  • Pander Society Newsletter
    Pander Society Newsletter Compiled and edited by R. J. Aldridge, M. A. Purnell, and A. Thomas DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER LEICESTER LE1 7RH, UK Number 32 May 2000 http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/map2/pander/ INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ELCOME. We are pleased to welcome all Heinz Beckmann readers to the 2000 edition of the Pander Willi Ziegler writes: In 1999 Prof. Dr. Heinz Beckmann Society Newsletter. Last year we produced passed away at an age of nearly 80. He was a German the first Newsletter to be distributed conodontologist who started work on conodonts in 1948, Welectronically and, with just a few small glitches, the about 16 years after Hermann Schmidt had published his operation appears to have been a success. We will study on Westfalian assemblages. Beckmann completed continue to send hard copies to conodont workers who a dissertation at Marburg on Middle-Upper Devonian do not have access to the network or who request a massive limestones in Westfalia, where he discovered printed version, but we hope that issue 32 will continue conodonts in marly interlayers. He initially studied thin a smooth transition to exclusively electronic distribution. sections of Icriodus and Polygnathus, and while he was As can be seen in the reports listed in this Newsletter, scientific assistant at the University of Cologne he 1999 was another busy year for conodont specialists, became interested in the stratigraphic value of crowned by the Pander Society Meeting in Calgary. conodonts. He published several papers in the early 50s, Many thanks to the organizers, Charles Henderson, Mei his major contribution to conodontology being to Shilong and Godfrey Nowlan for their efforts in making emphasize sampling at small intervals in order to the meeting such a success.
    [Show full text]
  • Death Valley National Park Paleontological Survey
    Death Valley National Park 1 Paleontological Survey Torrey G. Nyborg and Vincent L. Santucci Technical Report NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-99/01 UnitedUnited States States Department Department of of the the InteriorNational InteriorNational Park Park ServiceGeological ServiceGeologic Resource Resource Division Division 3 Copies of this report are available from the editors. Geologic Resources Division 12795 West Alameda Parkway Acadamy Place, Room 480 Lakewood, CO 80227 Please refer to: National Park Service D-178 (May 1999) How to cite this document: Nyborg, T. G. and V. L. Santucci. 1999. The Death Valley National Park paleontological survey. National Park Service, Geological Resources Technical Report, NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-99/01. Cover Illustration Fossil carnivore tracks from the late Miocene Copper Canyon Formation overlay boundary map of Death Valley National Park. THE DEATH VALLEY NATIONAL PARK PALEONTOLOGICAL SURVEY Torrey G. Nyborg and Vincent L. Santucci National Park Service Geologic Resources Division 12795 West Alameda Parkway Academy Place, Room 480 Lakewood, CO 80227 NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-99/01 1999 5 This publication is dedicated to park ranger/geologist H. Donald Curry 1908-1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCE PROTECTION Historical Background.............................................................1 Recommendations for Fossil Protection............................ 35 The Significance of Death Valleys Paleontological Resources..................................................... 2 RESEARCH Acknowledgements................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • J. Wolfgang Wägele, Thomas Bartolomaeus (Eds.) Deep Metazoan Phylogeny: the Backbone of the Tree of Life
    J. Wolfgang Wägele, Thomas Bartolomaeus (Eds.) Deep Metazoan Phylogeny: The Backbone of the Tree of Life Deep Metazoan Phylogeny: The Backbone of the Tree of Life New Insights from Analyses of Molecules, Morphology, and Theory of Data Analysis Edited by J. Wolfgang Wägele Thomas Bartolomaeus Editors Professor Dr. J. Wolfgang Wägele Stiftung Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) Leibnitz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere Adenauerallee 160 53113 Bonn [email protected] Professor Dr. Thomas Bartolomaeus Universität Bonn Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Zooökologie An der Immenburg 1 53121 Bonn [email protected] ISBN 978-3-11-027746-3 e-ISBN 978-3-11-027752-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2014 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover image: XXX Typesetting: XXX Printing and binding: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com List of Contributing Authors Thomas Bartolomaeus Alexander Donath Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Stiftung Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Ecology Alexander Koenig – University of Bonn Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere (ZFMK) Bonn, Germany Bonn,
    [Show full text]
  • The Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian) Fauna Author(S): Simon Conway Morris Reviewed Work(S): Source: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol
    The Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian) Fauna Author(s): Simon Conway Morris Reviewed work(s): Source: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 10 (1979), pp. 327-349 Published by: Annual Reviews Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096795 . Accessed: 18/10/2012 13:58 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Annual Reviews is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. http://www.jstor.org Ann. Rev. Ecol Syst. 1979. 10.327-49 Copyright ? 1979 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved THE BURGESS SHALE *4165 (MIDDLE CAMBRIAN) FAUNA Simon Conway Morris Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, England INTRODUCTION The preservation of soft parts in fossils is rare because fossilization usually occurs long after decay has destroyed soft tissues. A notable exception is the soft-bodied fauna from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale (about 530 million years old) located near Field in southern British Columbia, where both completely soft-bodied groups (e.g. polychaetes) and the soft parts of creatures with resistant skeletons (e.g. trilobites) are beautifully preserved. In addition, this fauna includes animals with fragile skeletons of thin cuticle that normally do not fossilize.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Geosciences LATE ORDOVICIAN OCEAN-CLIMATE SYSTEM AND PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY A Thesis in Geosciences by Achim D. Herrmann 2004 Achim D. Herrmann Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2004 The thesis of Achim D. Herrmann was reviewed and approved* by the following: Mark E. Patzkowsky Associate Professor of Geosciences Thesis Advisor Chair of Committee Rudy L. Slingerland Professor of Geosciences Michael A. Arthur Professor of Geosciences Raymond Najjar Associate Professor of Meteorology David Pollard Senior Research Associate Peter Deines Professor of Geochemistry Associate Head for Graduate Programs and Research *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT The Ordovician was a time of extensive diversification and radiation of marine life. The end of the Ordovician is marked by a major mass extinction that is generally attributed to environmental perturbations associated with an extensive yet short-lived glaciation. The understanding of the climate dynamics during this crucial time period for the evolution of life is still fragmental. I used an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) and an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) to study the climate system in the Caradoc (~454 Ma) and the Ashgill (~545 Ma). Specifically, I investigated the response to changes in paleogeography, atmospheric pCO2, solar insolation cycles (obliquity), poleward ocean heat transport, and sea level. I also used a 3-dimensional ice sheet model to explore the necessary boundary conditions for ice sheet formation. The AGCM results indicate that, assuming that pCO2 did not fall below 8x PAL (a minimum value for this time period), a drop in pCO2 and the paleogeographic evolution can only be regarded as preconditioning factors in the glaciation.
    [Show full text]