510 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 28 and for other purposes; to the Committee on By Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania: Education and Labor. H. R. 6229. A bill to repeal the 10-per SENATE By Mr. COLE of New York: cent surcharge on postal cards; to the Com H. R. 6216. A bill to amend the Social Se mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. MONDAY, JANUARY 28, 1952 curity Act, as amended, to permit individuals By Mr. BERRY: entitled to old-age or survivors insurance H. Con. Res. 189. Concurrent resolution re United States district By Mr. CASE: a Senator from the State of North courts; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 6231. A bill for the relief of Gordon Dakota, appeared in their seats today. By Mr. LANTAFF: Uglow; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 6222. A bill to provide for the pro By Mr. HAYS of Ohio: curement and installation of mechanism for H. R. 6232. A bill for the relief of Halsey THE JOURNAL recording and counting votes in the House H. Lafferty; to the Committee on the Judi On request of Mr. GEORGE, and by of Representatives; to the Committee on ciary. unanimous consent, the reading of the House Administration. By Mr. MORANO: Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, By Mr. McMILLAN: H . R. 6233. A bill for the relief of Antonio H. R. 6223. A bill to authorize the can Joseph Aikler; to the Committee on the January 24, 1952, was dispensed with. cellation, adjustment, and collection of cer Judiciary. tain obligations due to the United States, By Mr. KERSTEN of Wisconsin: MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT and for other purposes; to the Committee H. R. 6234. A bill for the relief of Junko on Agriculture. Kubo; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Messages in writing from the President By Mr. MARTIN of Iowa: By Mr. WIER: of the United States were communicated H. R. 6224. A bill to reduce from 12 to 8 H. R. 6235. A bill for the relief of Peter to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his months the time for which livestock must James O'Brien; to the Committee on the secretaries. be held in order to qualify for the benefits Judiciary. of section 117 (j) of the Internal Revenue Code; to the Committee on Ways and Means. ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY AND POWER By Mr. WIER: PETITIONS, ETC. PROJECT-MESSAGE FROM THE PRESI H. R. 6225. A bill to authorize the heads of the executive departments and the agencies Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions DENT (H. DOC. NO. 337) and independent establishments of the Fed and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair eral Government to provide for the promo and referred as fallows: lays before the Senate a message which tion and maintenance of employee recrea has just been received from the Presi tion programs; to the Committee on Post 515. By Mr. FORAND: Resolution of the Office and Civil Service. City Council of the City of Providence, R. I., dent of the United States with reference By Mr. RABAUT: memorializing the Congress of the United to the St. Lawrence seaway, which he H . R. 6226. A bill to P.rovide supplemen States to amend the 1950 Social Security Act thinks should be read at this time. tary unemployment compensation benefits by permitting employees of all cities and The Chief Clerk read the message. in certain cases to workers unemployed dur towns, regardless of the fact that they now WHITE HOUSE, January 28, 1952. ing July 1, 1952. honest vote. I do not know how honest MCKENZIE ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, INC., any vote is. By HOWARD L. HANSON, Manager. Mr. TOBEY. The word "honest" can PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE Dated at Watford City, N. Dak., January be construed in many ways. I do not ADVERTISING IN INTERSTATE COM· 18, 1952. want the chairman to put a wet blanket MERCE-PETITION on the question. Let us have it con Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, I pre REPORTS OF COMMITTEES sid~:ed de novo. Let us not have the · sent a petitien signed by 712 citizens case prejudiced by any unkind remarks of New Castle County, Del., praying The following reports of committees of the chairman of the committee. He for the enactment of legislation to were submitted: should not put a wet blanket on it. prohibit alcoholic beverage advertising By Mr. McCARRAN, from the Committee Mr. CONNALLY. I am not prejudic on the Judiciary, without amendment: over the radio and television, as well as S. 853. A bill for the relief of Dr. Ying ing the case. Every member of the com in magazines and newspapers, which was Tak Chan (Rept. No. 1111); mittee thinks for himself. transmitted to me by Mrs. Nora B. S. 1333. A bill for the relief of Maria Sera Mr. TOBEY. We should like to have Powell, Delaware State legislative direc phenia Egawa (Rept. No. 1112); a chance to voice our thoughts. tor, WCTU. S. 1372. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Made Mr. CONNALLY. Of course. The I ask that the petition be referred to laine Viale Moore (Rept. No. 1113); Senator from New Hampshire voices his the Committee on Inte:i:state and Foreign S. 1534. A bill for the relief of Midori Aki opinion on everything that comes up Commerce for consideration. moto, also known as Sharlene Akimoto (Rept. before the Senate. That is said in all No. 1114); The VICE PRESIDENT. The petition S. 1566. A bill for the relief of Constantin - kindness. will be received and referred to the Com Alexander Solomonides (Rept. No. 1115); Mr. TOBEY. That is one of the pre mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com S. 1697. A bill for the relief of Sister Maria rogatives of being a Senator. The Sen merce as requested by the Senator from Gasparetz (Rept. No. 1116); ator from Texas is guilty of the same of Delaware. S. 1988. A _bill for the relief of Leslie A. fense at times. Connell (Rept. No. 1117); Mr. CONNALLY. I have read a re H. R. 800. A bill for the relief of Cindy view of the book written by the Senator DIVERSION DAM BELOW FORT PECK ON Eberhardt (Rept. No. 1118); from New Hampshire, and I congratu MISSOURI RIVER-RESOLUTION OF H. R. 2672. A bill for the relief of the law McKENZIE ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, firm of Harrington and Graham (Rept. No. late him on it. 1119); INC., WATFORD CITY, N. DAK. Mr. TOBEY. The Senator from H. R. 3569. A bill for the relief of Louis Texas should not damn it with slight Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I pre Campbell Boyd (Rept. No. 1120); praise. sent for appropriate reference a resolu H. R. 4877. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Mr. CONNALLY. The Senator from tion adopted by the McKenzie Electric Margherita Caroli; (Rept. No. 1121); and New Hampshire is going to damn it with Cooperative, Inc., Watford City, N. Dak., S. Res. 34. Resolution referring to the a lot of praise. Court of Claims the bill (S. 334) for the serving 3,000 farmers with electric en relief of the owners of certain Finnish sail The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair ergy in that area, urging the building ing vessels; without amendment (Rept. No. would like to suggest that the unfinished of a diversion dam below Fort Peck on 1132). 512 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 'January 28 By Mr. McCARRAN, from the Committee - A-6953567, Augustin, Margaret Tiata.no A-4946250, Jennings, Frederic.k H., or Al- on the Judiciary, with an amendment: San (nee Reyes) . bert George Brine. S.1085. A bill for the relief of Kane Shino A-5916158, Benjamin, Mary Jane (nee A-5273968, Jensen, Rasmus Magnus. h ara (Rept. No. 1122); Hyndman). A-9777158, Kalolekas, Vasilios Theodore. S. 1121. A bill for the relief of Matsuko A-4805628, Bergondo, Lucia (nee Monzon). A-2342622, · Kanzaki, Kichizo, or Kichizo Kurosawa (Rept. No. 1123); A-5763425, Bewley, Theresa Athne, or The• Fujiwara. S. 1234. A bill for the relief of Toshiko resa Athne Bosserman (nee Thompson). A-2H2620, Kanzaki, Misao. Konishi (Rept. No. 1124); A-7135004, Bijarakis, Irene Emmanuel (nee A-7008736, Kanzakl, Keiko or Kaye. s. 1490. A bill for the relief of Mrs. El Irene Emmanuel Tzanetes). A-1032116, Karaviotis, Aristomenis, or friede Hartley (Rept. No. 1125); and A-7450259, Borrelli, Antonietta (nee Fran• ArJ5tomenis Andreas Karaviotis, or Aristo S. 1580. A bill for the relief of Alevtina. co). menis Caraviotis. Olson and Tatiana Snejina (Rept. No. 1126). A-3328605, Bourlon, Paul Edward. A-5343107, Karlsson, Per, or Peter Carlson. By Mr. McCARRAN, from the Committee A-3284813, Brewster, Albert Sydney, or Sid- A-2828423, Krystalis, Gabriel Mozkoz. on the Judiciary, with amendments: ney Brewster. _'\-9783023, Lejnieks, Ints. S. 2147. A bill for the relief of Arthur K. A-1425339, Brezez, Mario. A-2515343, Leonetti, Erna Gertrud. Prior (Rept. No. 1127); A-4102898, Campbell, Arthur Joshua. A-5153032, Leskanic, Janos, or John Les- S. 2322. A bill prohibiting the manufac A-7417748, Campbell, George. kanic. ture or use of the character "Smokey Bear" A-7267869, Carini, John (Giovanni). A-4754440, Levin, Esther Tillie (nee Man- by unauthorized persons (Rept. No. 1128); A-7267870, Carini, Anna Angela. del). H . R. 3219. A bill to confer jurisdiction A-7375502, Cesarini, Domenico Mario, or A-3420990, Levine, Anna. upon the United States District Court for Domenico M. Cesarini. A-5390478, Ma, Chuk Ching. the Northern District of Texas to hear, de A-4471755, Chung, Margaret Mary, or Mar A-3445844, Maid, Mary Ann (nee Foxton). termine, and render judgment upon the garet Mary Ping Shan Chung, or Ching Ping A-5573561, Mangiarotti, Santo. claim of Robert E. Vigus (Rept. No. 1129); Shan. A-3378386, Matorim, Max, or Motel Ma H. R. 4645. A bill for the relief of Mrs. A-5058193, Cohn, Sonia, or Sonia Fidler. torin. Marguerite A. Brumell (Rept. No. 1130); and A-7463869, Connor, Albert, Marfunt. A-5515065, ~iatsubara, Kikuno. H. R. 5317. A bill to confer jurisdiction on A-6781701, Correa, Eduardo Juan, or Mar- A-6993697, Mattern, Reiner Karl, alias the Court of Claims to hear, determine, and cilino Bellino. Rene Ellul. render judgment upon a certain claim of A-2658342, Csung, Eng Ki, alias Wou Ki A-5166281, Matthews, Mary, or Marja the George H. Whike Construction Co., of Csung. Wsiaka (nee Matiasz). canton, Ohio (Rept. No. 1131). A-1236060, Dobos, Joseph (Joszef or Joe). A-4180577, Masters, John Richard Lenton, A-1050228, D'Ambro, Rafaelle. By Mr. SMITH of North Carolina, from the alias Jack Masters. A-2396446, DeAyala, Genoveva Martinez. Committee on the Judiciary: A-3635338, Meers, Margaret, or Margarethe A-7858213, DeJaurez, Eloisa Navarrete. H.J. Res. 314. Joint resolution designating Meers, or Margaretha Henkl (nee Boerner). A-7274235, DeOntiveros, Concepcion A-4679824, Michaelis, Rudolf Martin Kurt. September 17 of each year as "Citizenship Amancio. Day"; without amendment (Rept. No. 1134); A-2011319, Mikulus, Michael Albert. A-7073890, Dery, Liliane Marcelle, formerly A-2280632, Morand, Martha Johanna, or and Liliane Marcelle Charbonnier. · S. Res. 245. Resolution to investigate the Martha Jensen Darnell, or Martha Johanna A:-5339551, Detels, Heinrich Hans. Jensen. administration of the Trading With the A-5257367, DiMeglio, Giovanni. A-7372123, Moreitz, Monica Johanna. Enemy Act since December 18, 1941; with A-1963644, Dimitrakoulakos, Dimitrlos, or A-1339900, Moshopoulas, Gerassimos, er amendments (Rept. No. 1135); and, under Jimmie Demos. George Moshos. · the rule, the resolution was referred to the A-7415149, Dobson, Keith Frederick. Committee on Rules and Administration. A-5083554, Murrell, Evelyn Maud. A-1019415, Docherty, Rebecca. A-6219555, Okamatsu Isa.nu, or Ysamu By Mr. GEORGE, from the Committee on A-1962682, Dracopoulos, Peter Constantine. Okamura, or Yoshio Monaka. Finance: A-1263600, Elizalde, Luz Peinado. A-2749014, Omar, Mahdee Bin, or Allie H. R. 5248. A bill to suspend certain im A-19Hi314, Farganis, Pericles A. Mahdee Omar. port duties on tungsten; with amendments A-6319163, Ferszt, Szyje, or Sidney First. A-3684838, Orsi, Italia (Italia Stacchetti). (Rept. No. 1136). A-4445754, Foti, Carmelo. A-4904454, Paolini, Attilio. A-6966527, Frain, Christina Elizabeth May A-7809276, Pastori, Claude, or Claude Tul (nee Tornbull). lio Pastori. SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION OF A-7117918, Francis, Therza Hayden (nee A-5600621, Paulson, Mary Harms, or Mary CERTAIN ALIENS - REPORT OF A Billinghurst). Grigg. COMMITTEE A-4566242, Franek, Shirley Sa. A-4613083, Payeras, Anita Maria, or Anita Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, from A-1504362, Frano, Raffaele Angelo, or Maria Rodriguez, or Anita Maria Llop. Raffaele Frano, or Ralph Frano. A-4102640, Pearcy, George Whitfield. the Committee on the Judiciary, I re- A-7934330, Fulton, Victor Alexander. A-2745227, Pelin, Neculate Oprea, or Nich port an original concurrent resolution, A-4467600, Garcia, Manuel Ferreira. olas Pelin. and I submit a report 761996, Rosenstein, Max David. ·t . ; A-5587447, Hulatt, Henry. A-7197883, Ritchie, Rufolpho Maria. A-6207651, McMahan, Glenn Madge Mearns. - - ._ A-7115356, Hummels, Agnes Geodorovna. A-7886681, Roedelsturtz, Raymond. A-6492272, Alcantar, Esmeregildo. -· - iA-1140841, Hutter, Joseph. A-7115216, Sager, Charles Stewart. A-7197683, Arias-Olivares, Benselada, or A-1481433, Hyland, Patrick Joseph. A-5343415, Sagris, Hilda, Kristina. 1:Wenceslada Arias-Olivares. A-3371125, Iari, Ruth R andall. A-6036900, Sang, Tung. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 513 A-3095402, Saponzides, Seraphim Dlmit A-6982614, Chase, Yvonne Patricia. A-1883063, Imbrogno, Giulio, or Francesco rios. A-4642604, Cheong, Cheung, or Tack Imbrogno. A-1602221, Sarigiannis, Stylianos, alias Chong. A-3834948, Inouye, Yataro, or John Ya Steve Camberis. A-5757153, Cherven, Mary Sophie (nee taro Inouye, or John Yataro Inoye. A-4972302, Scallan, Marcella (nee Rutkn). Mary Sophie Reichel). A-9798290, Inwood, Leslie Harold. A-1353207, Schoen, Eva, formerly Eva Bos A-4935364, Clarke, William John. A-2619905, Janicka, Mary, or Maryanna ko, formerly Eva Szontag (nee Eva Hauszler). A- 3563403, Collazo, Maria, or Maria P.aiz, or Witkowska, or Rogowska. A-3197907, Shapiro, Minnie (nee Sandler). Maria Molina. A-1441065, Johnson, Alma. A-4298007, Sheung, Lee Gout, or Anna Lee, A-1251448, Colze, Wilhelm Leo, or Wilhelm A-6954768, Kanellos, George Dimitrios, or or Anne Hoey. Leo Francis Colze. George Canellos. A-5975002, Shibata, Hiroshi. A-5750902, Cornell, Isadore, or Isadore A-7136803, Karas, Peggy, nee Liacopoulos A-4708975, Silva, Philip, alias Felipe Silva, Kanell. or Panagiota Constantinou). or Felipe Silva Gonzalez. A-6708955, Covello, Fiorentina (nee A-4443941, Karki Ester Marra (nee Kotala). A-4135539, Sing, Lo Mang. Amato). A-4002885, Katchur, Rose, or Rose Sloan, A-2429~86, Sepcuik, Nick, or Nicolai Isep A- 7186426, Dacey, Margarete (nee Hill). or Chaya Rachel Schlaian. ciuc. A-5273901, Daddow, Elizabeth Jane (nee A-6836915, Kauppi, Bengt Harry, and Bengt A-7491771, Smith, Natalia Alexandrovna, Veale). Harry Mattson. alias Natasha Alexandrovna Smith, formerly A-4538840, D'Alessandro, Benedetto, or . A-1070225, Kazias, Vasilios Kosmas. Kulikov. · D'Alessandro Benedetto, or Benny Castelli. A-6441569, Kessler, Reginald R. A-5907999, Sommerkamp, Arnold. A-3098806, Dapontis, George Antonios. A-6928172, Khade, Miriam Anton. A- 5213664, Steskanin, William, or Bill A-7202716, Dawidczyk, Leokadia Ryducha, A-6928173, Khader, Anton· Elia S. Khalil, Stesko. or Lucy Sarah Dawidczyk, or Leokadja Ru or Anton E. Khader, or Anton Khader. A-2098982, Stosich, Marko, or Marcos Zoyas ducha. A-5613065, Kivinen, Lelia Amos Martha, Siles. A-7061272, Dazio, Chiara Angela Marina. or Lelia Amos Martha Fisher, or Leila Mar A-5589571, Szewczyk, Kate, alias Catherine A-3854994, De Esparza, Theresa Arroyo dor tha Kivinen. Szewczyk. De Fontes. · A-6919645, Klein, Doris Regine. A-5165425, Szewczyk, Ignacy. A-7188407, De Hernandez, Florinda Ar- A-7826036, Knittle, Viola. A-5725387, Takata, Jiro, or George Takata. mendares. A-1212306, Koster, Stanislaw, or Stanley A-7118500, Taveira, Maria Clothilde Mar- A-6261642, Deligianis, Maritsa. Koster, or Charles Koster. tins. A-6873511, Deligianis, Eleftheria. A-1534347, Lapatas, John or Lapas, or A- 5434215, Portis, Ruth (nee Urguhart). A-6873512, Deligianis, George. Ioannis Bassilliou Lapatas, or Bassili La A-3479202, Wang, Florence, alias Florence A-7010933, Delisi, Wendy Teresa, formerly patas, or John Bassilliou Lapatas. PiWsia Wang Teng. Pearson. A-4810260, Lara-Heriberto, Enrique, or A-5380160, Warren, Alice Julienne (nee Le A-4216989, De Molina, Celia Melendez, or Enrique Heriberto Lara. vacher or Alice Fiquet) . Celia Melemdez, or Celi::i. M. Molina. A-3158305, Lawrence, Rheba Malinda (nee A-2471388, Wei Yu, Djong Wayland or Way- A-5664486, De Rosales, Soledad Morones. Lucas) . land Djorg. A-2563522, Din, Badar Ud, or Badar Ud Din A-6605462, Lee, Hwa-Ni, or Lawrence Hwa A-1356959, Wessel, Max George. Gorsi. Ni Lee. A-3616338, White, John Herbert. A-4693497, Drachler, Louis Davis. A-6704095, Lee, Lydia Shui-Yen (nee A-4956728, Willoughby, Barbara Adice, or A-7224968, Durnell, Edith Marion (nee Shen). Alice or Barbara Adice Dalgleish (nee Ward). White). A-6142231, Leng, Shao Chuan. A-4984579, Wohlender, David, alias David A-4161607, End, Edward. A-7092041, Lichtenstein, Peter Ladanyi, or Wold. A-1175433, Escobedo, Maria. Peter Ladanyi. A-2137759, Yurich, Frank. A-3394109, Eshelby, J ames Wesley. A-6504787, Ling, Juliet Tchou. A-3759782, Abe, Fujiye, or Fujiye Bode, or A-4408331, Fala, John. A-2997441, Ling, Choh Chun. Fujiye Sakata. A-4484324, Finegood, A tty (nee Silverfarb) • A-7267779, Long, Patricia Hermine (nee A-2478324, Alves, Manuel. A-4943398, Fineman, Sidney. Thomsett). A-4079647, Anemoures, Demosthenes Evan• A-7263010, Folio, Yvette Germaine Tour A-1077226, Lopez, Jose Gudierrez, or Jose gelos, or James Evangelos. tois, or Yvette Germaine Tourtois. Curtiez or Gutierrez. A-7754257, Anglada, Manuel 0. Zariquiey y, A-7263011, Folio, Gerard Michel Tourto"is, A-5740455, MacMillan, John Francis. or Manuel Zariquiey Anglada, or Manuel O. or Gerard Michel Tourtois. A-2660936, Malafouris, Charalambos, or Zariquiey. A-7263012, Folio, Louis Edmond Tourtois, Bob Malafouris. A-3462443, Bacchione, Domenico. or Louis Edmond Tourtois. A-6803987, Mandel, Armand. A-6160685, Bacchus, Habeeb. A-7264767, Friedmann, Eveline Henriette. A-6406978, Manganias, Christos N. A-5811850, Baillie, Zillah. A-1297481, Frohn, Valentine (nee Valen- A-7375504, Martens, G eraldine Gisela, or A-5737148, Baker, Hyman Noah, or Hymie tine Yu). Gerhardine (Gerda) Gisela Kueffens. Baker. A-7049286, Garza, Isauro. A-3482021, Martini, Nicholas. A-5837681, Bartee, Elsa Anne. A-1668107, Giorgi, Gino. A-3482016, Martini, Catherine (nee A-7096163, Beck, Elmer Into, or Into Il· A-1119471, Girardi, Sam. Merle). mari Suhonen. A-6678004, Glasman, Izak. A-7015094, Martini, Junior, Nicholas. A-5401170, Bensaia, Giuseppe, or Giuseppe A-6678020, Glasman, Jolan (nee Klein). A-7015095, Martini, Evelyn Helen. Bensaga, or Joseph Bensaier, or Giuseppe A-3986030, Goby, Thomas, or "Tom" Goby. A-5165961, Mastrogeorgopoulos, Ioannis, or Bensaya. A-5067258, Gomez, Eduardo, Bao, or Man- John Master. A-6990512, Berghoir, Jerome, or Aaron Leo uel Gomez. A-3598451, Mateus, Duarte. Ginsberg. A-3857260, Gonzalez, Joseph Casal, or Jos A-1684198, Matsui, Takejiro. A-5796563, Block, Julia, or Sister Mary Vin Casal Gonzalez, or Joseph Gonzalez. A-4386046, McEachern, John Angus. centia. A-4387257, Goodman, Max, or Motel Gont- A-6458422, McElligott, Justin William. A-7176702, Bokios, Efthalia Vassilios Zer- macher. A-6458421, McElligott, Ann Gabrielle. voulia. , A-5262046, Goss, Eva Lillian (nee Pickard). A-4076671, McGinnis, Ernest Livingston. A-7354859, Boluda, Louis Roger. A-7873904, Greaux, Joseph Gabriel. A-7243285, Mei, Patsy, or Patsy Kong Mey. A- 2585736, Boyajian, Arousag, or Rose Mary A-4284559, Green, Jack, formerly John A-5564754, Meiras, Antonio, or Antonio Siso,. Boyajian. Greenberg. or Antonio Mieras Siso. A-3748687, Bridges, Frank Sherlock. A-4803905, Green, Dora Esther, formerly A-2061604, Messados, Vassilios, or Vassilios A-5877409, Broome, Stanley George, or Dora Esther Greenberg (nee Serota). - Stamitiou Messados, or William Massas. Stanley George Amey. · A-3257180, Greipel, Alois. A-1387508, Miller, Charles Herbert. A-7423197, Brown, Virginia Sabater (nee A-3562620, Greulich, Ernest Heinrich Erich, A-7886273, Miller, Coral Elizabeth. Sabater). or Ernest Erich Greulich, or Erich E. Greu A-5618461, Mitsopoulos, Nicoloas, or Nick A-7362345, Burnett, Brenda Caroline, for lich. or Nicoloas Moustos. merly Brenda Caroline Simpson. A-7439173, Hadzicostantinou, Constanti A-3802889, Mizen, Ernest Westwood. A-7362346, Burnett, Glenis Pamela, for- nos, or Constantinos Hadziconstantinou. A-6063039, Monasterio, Arthur Gardner. merly Glenis Pamela Simpson. A-6703140, Harris, Athanasia Constantine A-4653393, Moreno, Marta Esperanza Rami- A-6976783, Campbell, Alfred John. (nee Mallires or Athanasia Haralampopou rez. A-7043314, Campisano, Frank Anthony. las). A-1037812, Navarro, Diego Gallardo. A-7262109, Carpenter, George; or George A-6057286, Hepworth, Norman William. A-3515640, Nom, Mon Ching, or Hing Mun, Carpenter Passejian. A-6597600, Heuberg, Rachela. or Mun Hing. A-7123585, Carpenter, Josephine Semone A-5123964, Hirsch, Gloria Gertrude Green A-6374930, Novosad, Maria Aloisia, or Maria Cosand. berg. Louisa Nowosad. A-5599299, Chao, Celia Hwa Guen, or Celia A-6623134, Hollander, Bernardo, or Ber A-3467666, Nozawa, Shichiroku. Ruan. nardo Hollander Grun. A-3710992, Ordonez, Ranulfo Egar, or A-6982613, Chase, Beryl, or Beryl Small De A-1543051, Huber, Emil. Ranulfo Ordonez. CbaEe (nee Small) . A-3007292, Ibrahim, Mohamed. A-6350831, Papamikos, Irene. XCVIII-33 514 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 28 A-7282694, Perandones, Pedro Pedrosa. A-3493647, Waltanen, Kastl Alexander, or A-4037088, Dao, Jung Shu, or Jung Shee A-7868302, Pereira, Nelson Santos. Kosti Waltanen. Tong, or Peter S. Jung. A-7264790, Perron, Magda Vincenzina, or A-6163778, Wang, Hsioh-Wu. A-1619782, Doukas, Nicolaos, or Nicolaos M agda Vincenzina Bier. A-2389787, Wilson, Arnold Usse, or Arnold John Doukas, or Nick Doukas. A-7948772, Peterson, Manfred, formerly Wilson. A-2658728, Eckert, John, or J anos Eckert. Wegman. A-7177885, Wilson, Marianne Hedwig (nee A-5450258, Edgar, John Nelson. A-3363218, Pezzuti, Michele Angelo, or Mike Witte) . A-7096916, Ennis, Emmy (Emmy Weyrich) P asty, or Mike P azi. A-7371751, Wirtz, Eckhard Johannes, or (nee Kraemer) . A-4130486, Pitta, Rosalia Stanko, or Rose Eckhard Johannes Leja, or Eckhard Kytzia. A-9737359, Enxut o, Carlos. P itta, formerly Rozalia Manusov Stanko, or A-1513918, Woitkewicz, Julius, or Wojt A-3997988, Espinosa -Carrillo, Delfino, alias Rosa Nyari or Varga. kewicz or Julius K arski. Dale Espinosa. A-4098715, Potter, Bertha (nee Zack)°. A- 7039520, Wong, Lorrie Tin Lock, or Tin A-1530949, Fat, Eng, or Henry Eng. A-5549621, Puccio, Antonio or Anthbny. Lock Wong. A-4356656, Gaensslen, Paul August Otto. A-5707372, Puccio, Salvatora, or Sally (nee A-7243482, Yabe, Mitsuye, or Mary Mit- A-4917566, Garvey, Albert Victor. Martihi). sut e Yabe, or Mitsuye Nishihama. A-3324038, Garzia, Giovanni Omero. A-2655837, Puckerin, Joseph Archibald. A-6858242, Yang, Richard Fu-Sen. A-6362195, Gee, Joseph Doo-Keung. A-1122393, Radich, Vlaho, or Charles Blaz A-2866753, Yee, Wal Yum. A-6171929, George, Emilia (nee Gouvousis). R adich. A-7560751, Yee, Yoeh-Ming Ting (nee A-6088385, Giles, Mary Ann (nee Smith). A-7135349, Raiteri, Gina Domenica (nee Ting). A-6496388, Goldstein, Samuel. P asserini) . A-6972366, Yien, Hwang Han. A-6472385, Goldstein, T aube (nee Frank A-4176023, Redling, Joseph. , A-2169996, Chan, Shuk Yee, or Shuk Yee furter) . A-7184730, Reiss, Hans. Chan Hwang. A-5955757, Gonzalez-Villicana, Miguel. A-1475692, Resanovich, Adam. A-1790288, Yoshihara Masako. A-1011226, Gosselin, Lorraine J., formerly A-3947582, Ribas, Gumersindo Louis, or A-1443370, Young, Frederick Nelson, or Claudia Marie. Gumersindo Louis Ribas Y Forto. Frederick Gustav Jung. A-7262019, Grassi, Maria Immacolata. A-5064504, Ribner, Sime or Rubner (nee A-7463580, Zei, La Donnie, or Lo Donnie A-7125377, Grego, Natalie Mastracchio. Wojnelower). Zei. A-5025210, Grischuk, Walter Jacob. A-3566791, Ring, Sylvia (nee Gold) , A-5216657, Alessi, Albino. A-3662583, Guerrera, Donato. A-7092743, Rocca, Domenico Della. A-4381732, Angelini, Ernest o Romeo. A-4497100, Guido, Thomas, or Tommasino A-4847286, Rode, Konstantius Balthazar. A-4190326, Angelino, Achille. Guido. A-5358463, Rosales-Benavides, Cipriano. A-4710375, Angelino, Mariafitonia (nee Per A-4428935, Halasz, Gabriel or Gabor. A-7367118, Saccoccia, Nella (nee Nella Di rino or Maria Perrino Angelino or M. Antonia A-4945626, Hamasaki, Haruji, or Haruzi Pillo). Angelino Perrino) . Hamasaki, or Hitoshi Hamasaki, or Harry A-6435131, Santos, Benjamine (nee Gon A-2719067, Arriaga, Mario Rosario. Hamasaki, or Harry Hama, or H arry KasUi zales). A-4738613, Asfanoglou, Leonidas, alias Leo Hamasaki. A-4526743, Schafer, Doris June (nee Mur Slano, alias Leo Xena Slano. A-4565540, Hanella, Alfred, or Alfred Ham ray). A-5104423, Bauer, Joseph. elia. A-6441475, Schamber, Selma, or Selma A-4356772, Behar, Clara. A-6639271, Harris, Caryl Anne. Strauss. A-4288750, Bercarich, Anthony or Antonio. A-3158718, Hasson, Esther (nee Adevah or A-1544255, Schwab, Lillian, or Lillian Ru A-431695"1, Berger, Moris. Michela Rohas or Rojas). dolph (nee Lillian Goldman or Thelma A-3340793, Bew, Mon, or Yen Mon. A-6323339, Hawtin, Edward Mervyn (Felt Schwab or "Teddy"), A-1923586, Bojinoff, Paraskevia Batskowa ham) (Foster). A-1471905, Scime, Raimonda (nee Sci or Bonzoff, alias Bessie Bojinoff. A-3445319, Hider, Hussine Deeb, alias Harry ascia). A-1503041, Bratos, John, or John Vretos, Hider. A-241573, Scinica, Fortunato, or Fortunato or Jon Vretos, or Ioanis Bretos. A-3459540, Hider, Mohammed Deeb, or Mike Sceneca . A-7868369, Bryan, John Robeson. Hider. A-3090640, Scotto, Luigi. A-4576779, Bubuchi, Peter Constantino, or A-1733400, Hietanen, Hilma, or Hilma Sun- A-6403266, Seidita, Salvatore. Evangelos Bubuchi, or Peter Constantino dell (nee Juusenaho) . A-3810778, Sen, Chu Do, or Do Sen Chu. Sp[iOS, or Peter Spiros. A-2725986, Hirschal, Paula Anna. A-4809716, Shapiro, Lillian (nee Meyer or A-4737170, Camara, Francisco Tomas. A-7769313, Hsu, En-Yun. Ravira or Raise! Meyer). A-4306180, Canali, Giovanni (John Canali). A-6032936, Hsu, Tung-Kuei. A-785855.5, Shipley, Emma, formerly Emma A-7385402, Candelaria, Paz. A-6489134, Huber, Britta Sylvia Eleonoid. Fabrocini. A-4868451, Car, Janka (John), or Steve A-2763719, Ida, Isaku, or Toraichi Oishi. A-3041795, Skaleris, Nick George, or Nick E vaka, or Stefan Evaka, or Steve Evakoff, or A-7360460, Iverson, Catherine Anne, or Kaleris. Istvan Czur or czar or Carr or Zar. Catherine Anne Bond. A-7222259, Simonds, Nivia Rosa Rivera A- 3312338, Cassiotis, Theodoros. A-6893630, Jimenez, Rudolfo, or Rudolph Sandoval Rogers. A-5085705, Champendal, Ella Elisabetha. Gamble. A-3598150, Sjotun, Harold, or Harold A- 6163772, Chang, Jyh-Huei, or William A-3526330, Jones, Cuthbert McDonald. Sjothun. Jyh-Huei ChJd, Dorothy Anna (nee A-6161419, Shibayama, Tatsue. imposed upon it by section 136 of the Legis Symes). A-6161420, Shibayama, Yuzo. lative Reorganization Act of 1946 (Public A-4655168, Martinez, Francisco Zarate. A-7841053, Sodini, Cherubini Bertuccelli. Law 601, 79th Cong.), the Committee on A-3389010, Martinez, Sidronlo, or Sidronio A-7841052, Sodini, Lorretta. Armed Services, or any duly authori.zed Martin, or Sidronio Gallardo Martin, or A-7955505, Soulides, Demetrious Apostolou. subcommittee thereof, is authorized dur Sidronlo G. Martinez Cifronlo Martin. A-6958019, Spafford, Lillian Mumford, or ing the period ending January 31, 1953, A-7178602, Marzahn, Hans-Ulrich. Lillian Mumford McDermott, or Lilyan Mc to make such expenditures, and to employ A-6836916, Mattson, Bo Olof, or Bo Olof Dermott, or Louise McGee. upon a temporary basis .such investigators, Kauppi. A-7112885, Spence, Ofelia Carmona, or technical, clerical, and other assistants as it A-3409854, McCullough, Edward Victor. Ofelia Valdes O'Farrill, or Ofelia Carmona deems advisable. A-5827389, McKendrick, Mary Barclay O'Farrill. SEC. 2. The expenses of the committee Strachan. A-3868721, Stacy, Linda (nee Linda Elea under this resolution shall not exceed $190,· A-4189822, Meha, Tuta. nor Weaver) alias Linda Levensen, alias 000 for the period beginning February 1, A-5638694, Mendes, John, or Tom Mendes. Linda Steiner. 1952, through January 31, 1953, and shall A-1319851, Mincheff, Petko Panayotoff, or A-4855576, Stocklitsct., Hermine, or Her- be paid from the contingent fund of the George Petroff, or George Peters. mine Stock. Senate upon vouchers approved by the chair A-4425319, Mizen,•Amy Ruth, or Amy Ruth A-7416007, Straussman, Olga Schwartz. man of the committee. Warren. A-7416008, Straussman, Jean Claude. A-4172428, Montecino, Antenor or Antonio. A-7416009, Straussman, Liliane. A-4318326, Romera, Vicenta Lorca. A-4864596, Tagliavia, Antonio, or Antonio BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION A-5578346, Montesinos, Concepcion Garcia.. Tagliavia, or Tony Poma. INTRODUCED A-6630324, Montesinos, Vicenta. A-6982514, Tavoularides, Efstratis, or Ef A-7032857, Montesinos, Manual Fernan- Bills and a joint resolution were intro stratis Demetri Tavoularides, or Paul Cos duced, read the first time, and, by un dez. tides, or Paul Georges. A-6630320, Montesinos, Conchia. A-5162622, Tedford, George Edward. animous consent, the second time, and A-5448363, Nakamura, Fumiye, or Fumiye A-4958539, Tedford, Mary McSwinney. referred as follows: Uyeno. A-7457228, Till, Margaret Maria Momberg By Mr. HICKENLOOPER (for himself A-2388264, Nakagawa, John, or Sunkichl · Weber. · and. Mr. DmKSEN) : Nakagawa. A-7094105, Tischler, Salo. S. 2520. A bill to authorize reconstruction A-7240047, Nichols, Frederick W., formerly A-7037981, Tolton, Charles Gordon. of a bridge across the Mississippi River at Fritz Wolfgang Peterbauer. A-3434944, Tonge, James Hezekiah. Bettendorf, Iowa; to the Committee on Pub A-5942955, Ohab, Walter, or Wladyslaw lic Works. Ohab, or Ladislaw Ohab. A-4641717, Vaik, Evald Alexander Arthur, A-5441064, Oldakowska, Halina. or Evald or Ewald Wack, or Edward Madison. By Mr. McCLELLAN: A-3496978, Paetzold, Helene Henriette. A-7372105, Volker, Carmen Astrid. S. 2521. A bill to revive and reenact sec A-5706590, Patterson, Alexandra Photos A-3049044, Walker, Arosemond, alias Arose tion 6 of the act entitled "An act authorizing Leriou. mond or Rose Boyd. the construction of certain public works on A-9563511, Pavic, Valdimlr. A-7419745, Weiss, Robert, or Robert Herd rivers and harbors for flood control, and for . A- 3915147, Pearman, Faith Mazie, or Faith rick. other purposes," approved December 22, Mazie Adams. A-5455131, Whelan, Florence, or Florence 1944; to the Committee on Public Works. A-1006704, Persi, Angelo. Lampert . or Florence Brett Ruth Whelan. By Mr. LANGER: A-4387401, Peterson, Boris, or Boleslaw A-7394768, Wyrick, Brunhilde Vicktorla, S. 2522. A bill to amend the act entitled Treschinsky or Trescinski. formerly Brunhilde Vlcktoria Handl. "An act to protect trade and commerce A-7957311, Petrini, Stefano. A-3643395, Ying, Lee. against unlawful restraints and monopolies," A-3877925, Pinard, Alphonse Joseph. A-3366268, Zampas, Eugene George. approved July 2, 1890; and A-4727552, Pinto, Abilio Fernandes, or A-3955646, Zampas, Eugene, Junior. S. 2523. A bill for the relief of certain Abilio Pinto Fernandes. A-6006493, Zampas, Anna. nationals of Pakistan; to the Committee on A-2495735, Podvenecz, Hermine, or Her- A-1411892, Zorrilla, Eligio. the Judiciary. mine Racz. · A-7547137, Liu, Wen-Tsin. S. 2524. A bill to amend Section 1114 of A- 7372124, Pompei, Pietro. A-2070080, Lukats, Maria or Marla De title 18, United States Code, so as to extend A-7204914, Pozzi, Giovannina or Carusone. Lukats. its protectioI'. to postma.sters, officers, and A-3764980, Provenghi, Bruno George. A-6330533, Sze, Nancy Wei-Fong Lee. employees of the field service of the Post A-5047014, Provenghi, Enrica Bombardelll. A-6624909, Sze, Yi-Kwei. Office Department; and A-7026553, Provenghi, Guido or John. A-5890254, Wei, Tseh Heen. S. 2525. A bill to amend the Civil Service A-7026787, Provenghi, Anita Costa. A-7547138, Wei, Saling Chung. Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, a.s amended, A-7026388, Provenghl, Carlos Bruno. A-7547136, 'wet, Fong. to provide increases in certain annuities; to A-6925878, Pullin, Patricia Anne. A-7547144, Wei, Yuling or Jacqueline. the Committee on Post Office and Civil Serv A-6033784, Kuade, Lois Edna, or Bertha. A-7547139, Wei, Madeline or Yaling. ice. Edna Nicholas, or Mary Beatrice Nichols. A-4932112, Goldstein, Clara Pearl or (See the remarks of Mr. LANGER when he in A-4043273, Radke, Gustav Daniel. Golden. troduced the last above-named blll, which A-7019744, Radke, Russell Alvin. A-4932272, Goldstein, Jack or Golden. appear under a separate heading.) A- 7019745, Radke, Stella Marie (now Heg- V-1427412, Westra, Caroline Marietta. By Mr. CLEMENTS: sted). A-6293227, Partovi, Manuchehr or Manu- S. 2526. A bill for the relief of Andree M. A-7020727, Radke, Elford Daniel. chehr Manu Partovi. Doyle; to the Commit~e on the Judiciary. 516 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 28 By Mr. McKELLAR: from Washington? The Chair hears NATIONAL SECURITY TRAINING CORPS s. 2527. A bill authorizing the expenditure none, an~ the Senator may proceed. ACT-ADDITIONAL COSPONSOR OF BILL of moneys received from national forests for the development, maintenance and oper Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, Mr. Tus, Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, on the ation of national forest recreational resources who is named in the private bill which 16th of January, which was the legisla and areas, including wild-life resomces; to has just been introduced, is now 64 tive day of January 10, 1952, the junior the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. years of age, and has resided in the Senator from Georgia [Mr. RUSSELL ] in By Mr. CAIN: United States for approximately 40 troduced, for himself and other Sen S. 2528. A bill for the relief of George Tus; years. He was born in Austria terri ators, the bill (S. 2441) to provide for to the Committee on the Judiciary. tory, which after World War I became the administration and discipline of the (See the remarks of Mr. CAIN when he in a part of Poland and which is now under troduced the above bill, which appear under National Security Training Corps, and a separate heading.) Russian control and behind the iron for other purposes. By Mr. MAGNUSON: curtain. The junior Senator from Mississippi S. 2529. A bill to change the name of the Thirty years ago he was sentenced to had intended to have his name included Bonneville Power Administration to the Co prison for the crime of false pretenses. as one of the Senators for whom the bill lumbia Power Administration; to the Com After his release, he was again sentenced was introduced, but was out of the city mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. on December 9, 1936, for passing counter S. 2530. A bill to provide certain decora at the time. He now asks unanimous tions for outstanding and heroic conduct or feit bills. A warrant of deportation was consent that his name may be added to service by persons serving in the American issued on April 30, 1937, because of his the bill as a cosponsor. merchant marine; to the Committee on In having been sentenced on these two The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob terstate and Foreign Commerce. charges. The warrant has never been jection to the request of the Senator By Mr. MAGNUSON (by request): carried out. from Mississippi? The Chair hears S. 2531. A bill for the relief of Eugenio S. Since Mr. Tus' final release from none, and it is so ordered. Roiles; to the Committee on the Judiciary. prison, he has resided in Seattle, where By Mr. CONNALLY: there are on file with the immigration S. 2532. A bill authorizing the modifica MRS. LULA J. BROOKS-CHANGE OF tion of the project for the improvement of authorities, as part of the record, nu the Trinity River and tributaries, Texas, in merous recommendations as to his char REFERENCE order to provide for salt water barriers in the acter and probity as to his residence in Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, on vicinity of Anahuac, Tex.; and that city. He has made his living dur October 19, 1951, there was referred to S. 2533. A bill to provide for a preliminary ing the ensuing years by operating a the Committee on the Judiciary the bill examination and survey of Port· Mansfield small hotel of good reputation. The au Harbor in Texas and the channel connecting Sulgrave Club in unfinished battles needing the strength of :Washington on J anuary 8. his good arm. He served his country great~ RUPTCY THROUGHOUT THE UNITED Address entitled "Faith of Our Fathers,'' ly. He wm be mourned, and missed. STATES,'' APPROVED JULY 1, 1898, AND delivered by Hon . . George E. Stringfellow ACTS AMENDATORY THEREOF AND before the ann ual meet ing of the Mid SUPPLEMENTARY THEREIT'O-FARMER· Atlant ic Shrine Associat ion in Richmond, TRIBUTE TO SENATOR GREEN DEBTOR .Va., on September 29, 1951. Address by Mayor J. R. Walker, of Mar Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, pursuant Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, on tinsville, Va., to Company B, One Hundred to the invitation from the West German behalf of the Committee on the Judici Sixteenth Infantry, Virginia National Guard, Parliament at Bonn and pursuant to ary, I desire to give notice that a public on the subject of Government spending. the designation by the Vice President, a hearing has been scheduled for Thurs By Mr. TOBEY: number of us attended what has become day, February 7, 1952, at 10:30 a. m., in Letter received by him from Miss Helena known as the Strasbourg meeting of the Estes, of Louisville, Ky., regarding the use Council of Europe in November of last room 424, Senate Office Building, on the of antibiotics for the treatment of cancer. bill S. 25, to amend an act entitled "An year. act to establish a uniform system of There has now been printed an official ROBERTP.PATTERSON record of the debate of the conference bankruptcy throughout the United and there has also been printed Senate States," approved July l, 1898, and acts Mr. IVES. Mr. President, last week occurred the tragic death of a very great Document No. 90, prepared by the chair amendatory thereof and supplementary man of our delegation, the distinguished thereto. At the indicated time and and distinguished American, Robert P. Patterson. He was one of New York senior Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. place all persons interested in the bill GREEN]. Largely through his efforts the may make such representations as may State's most outstanding citizens. In his untimely passing,' not only the Empire entire trip went very smoothly and, I am be pertinent. The subcommittee con State, but the United States and all the sure, resulted to the information and un sists of the Senator from Washington world, have suffered a tremendous and derstanding of all who participated and [Mr. MAGNUSON], the chairman, the irreparable loss. to the cause of western unity as a whole. Senator from Tennessee [Mr. KEFAU• Because I was unable to be present at While he was the youngest member of VER], and the Senator from North Da the session of the Senate when this great the delegation in spirit, our friend from kota [Mr. LANGER] . American was being appropriately eulo Rhode Island was the oldest in years. gized, I take this opportunity to express When a man does a good job it is well this word of tribute and deep feeling of that we note that fact. We all note too ADDRESSES, EDITORIALS, ARTICLES, ETC., much of a tendency these days to bring PRINTED IN THE APPENDIX personal loss. At the same time, because it expresses so fully and so effectively my up the negative solely. I believe that the On request, and by unanimous con own thought regarding this tragedy, I world would be far better if we passed sent, addresses, editorials, articles, etc., ask to have printed in the RECORD at around the flowers while an individual is were ordered to ·be printed in the Appen this point in my remarks the text of an living, especially when he more than dix, as follows: editorial which appeared in the New merits commendation. This is certainly By Mr. McFARLAND: York Times of January 23. the case in this instance. Address delivered by Senator KERR at the There being no objection, the editorial Just a short while ago many compli Democratic Conference of Midwest States, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, mentary remarks were made about our at Kansas City, Kans., on January 25, 1952. as follows: associate on his eighty-fourth birthday, By Mr. MAGNUSON: and so comments today are just a little Article entitled "Academy Names Hunt as RoBERT P. PATTERSON supplement to those remarks to say: Dentist of the Year," published in the Jan Tragedy bas struck again in the air over "We done, Theodore." uary 22, 1952, issue of the Wyoming Eagle, New Jersey, and this time its sorrow-laden of Cheyenne, Wyo. list of casualties includes the· name of an By Mr. MARTIN: American who has served his country with THE YEAR SINCE THE GREAT DEBATE Address delivered by him at a dinner extraordinary distinction. Robert P. Pat meeting held by the Miffiin County Republi terson was one of the great and gallant :fig Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, yes can Committee, at Lewistown, Pa., on Janu ures of the times in which we live. He was terday former President Herbert Hoover ary 25, 1952. a soldier on the battlefront in France during made a contribution to our foreign pol Address delivered by him at the annual the First World War. Returning to his prac icy, in an address which he entitled "The meeting of the York-Adams Area Council, tice of the law, he was appointed a judge o! Year Since the Great Debate." In the Boy Scouts of America, at York, Pa., on the district court of the United States at address he stated the facts as he saw January 26, 1952. the age of 39, a judge of the high court of appeals a few years later. He left the them. He discussed what has happened By Mr. LEHMAN: bench, soon after the outbreak of the Sec in Europe, what has happened in Asia Address ~n foreign economic aid and ond World War in Europe, to become As and the Middle East, and what has hap point 4, delivered by him at the National sistant Secretary and then Under Secretary pened in the United States. He dis Roosevelt Day dinner sponsored by Ameri of War. Few men contributed more notably cans for Democratic Action, at the Waldorf cussed the question of inflation and to the success of the whole American war ef taxes, and he called attention to the fact Astoria Hotel, New York, N. Y., on January fort. When Henry Stimson resigned as Sec 25, 1952. that in view of the past year's experience retar.y of War in 1945, Robert Patterson suc Editorials from the Cleveland Plain Dealer ceeded him. His own resignation from that and because of the rising pressure Con and the Santa Monica Outlook with regard office in 1947 was followed by his return to gress should again reassert its position. to the St. Lawrence seaway. the practice of law in New York City, his se For that reason, I believe we should re Article entitled "Education in Review," by lection as president of the Bar Association examine the whole world situation. Benjamin Fine, from the New York Times of the City of New York and his willing and · Last year the Senate passed and sent of January 13, 1952, consisting of an inter eager participation in a wide range of pub to the House of Representatives a joint view with Dr. Harry N. Rosenfield. lic-spirited activities. resolution in regard to the sending of By Mr. KEM: Here was a man of superlatively high Article entitled "How We Got Into the standards, complete integrity and boundless troops to Europe. However, that joint Korean War,'.' prepared by him for his enthusiasm for whatever task he took in resolution was not even voted on by the weekly newslet ter, and published in nu hand. No one whose privilege it was to know House, despite the fact that that ques merous Missouri newspapers. him is likely ever to forget the candor o! tion was included in the great debate. By Mr. WILEY: his speech, the courage of his faith, the warm Now we discover that there is a; question St atement prepared by him relating to and glowing brightness of his friendship. He of sending troops to the Near East-to proposed stepping up of behind-the-iron was a man who never dodged a responsibility, Egypt or to other places. curtain a_ctivities by the State Department. never refused to take on a hard job if it In my opinion, the time has come when By Mr. IVES: needed to be done. What he preached, he Address on proposed establishment of a practiced. What he believed, he believed the Congress should carefully reexamine Pacific pact, delivered by Gov. Thomas E. with heart and soul. He fought hard for all questions relative to the entire world Dewey, of New York, before the National every cause in which he enlisted, and the situation. After all, Congress in effect Industrial Conference Report on January 24, causes for which he fought were good and must make the foreign pelicy of the 1952, in New York City. !ight. :United States. Although the fore ~ gn 518 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE January 28 policy can be proposed by the President, nomic, a military, and a political point same Western European nations placed in it must actually be made by the people, of view. the field within 60 days after the outbreak through their elected representatives in The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob of each World War. And their manpower Congress, because the people are sov jection? and productivity are greater today. ereign. In that debate a year ago, we were told There being no objection, the address that the Communist armies comprised ~00 For that reason, I hope all Senators was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, divisions, 20,000 planes, and 30,000 tanks. and all Members of the House of Repre as follows: No one contended that 60 European divi sentatives will read and discuss this im THE YEAR SINCE THE GREAT DEBATE sions, even if created, could do more than portant message from the former Presi · The Sabbath Day is an appropriate day to temporarily halt an invasion. Our side in dent of the United States, Herbert discuss our problems of peace. Unfortu that debate replied that this was not a cal Hoover; and I ask unanimous consent nately on this Sabbath Day, despite our full culated risk but that it was a calculated that his address be printed in the body good will to mankind, peace rests upon de Dunkirk. fense from Communist aggres&ion. And I may say at once that all the American of the RECORD. people are interested in the growth of unity The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob that includes defense of our religious faiths. One year ago we engaged in a great debate in continental Europe and their preparation jection-- on our foreign and military policies. of adequate ground armies for their de fense. We earnestly hope that General Mr. McMAHON. Mr. President, re At that time we were repeatedly told that serving the right to· object, although I Eisenhower will succeed in his difficult task. United States policies were based upon what There has been some progress during the shall not object, I should like to ask the was called a calculated risk which meant risk of war or economic degeneration. With past year in allaying age-old discords and Senator from Michigan whether he dissensions. But they are obviously not yet agrees with the speech by Mr. Hoover, that as a basis of national policies, a chang cured. ing world demands constant recalculation of or has not the Senator had a chance to Among forces which obstruct progressive make up his mind? risk and reconsideration of alternatives. The risks are so great that with our ex Western European statesmen are the pot~nt Mr. FERGUSON. I not only heard perience over the past year the Congress Socialist and Communist Parties. These the former President make the speech should now again recalculate. parties also have widely spread the belief that our subsidies and our urging are for the but afterward I read the speech. I I do not propose on this occasion to review think it deserves our very careful at purpose of usirig Europe for American can how we got into these dangerous cold and non fodder. Yet the Western European na tention. I agree with many of the sug hot wars but to start from where we are now. tions are contributing less than 10 percent gestions presented in the speech, and I of the total military expenditures of the think they should receive the attention To indicate the necessity for recalculation North Atlantic Pact.nations. of Congress. It is for the purpose of pf risks, I will make a short appraisal of the Another cause of Western European in permitting Congress to review and re situations in the world. ertia is· its attitude as to the risk of Com examine the important questions con WHAT HAS HAPPENED IN EUROPE munist invasion. That attitude is pro fronting ·the world that I offer this A year ago, when I addressed the American foundly different from the attitude of Wash- speech for printing in the body of the people, the North Atlantic Pact had been in ington. · RECORD. operation for over a year. Up to that time, There is in Europe today no such public despite huge subsidies and sacrifices by the alarm as has been fanned up in the United Mr. McMAHON. The Senator from American people, the nations of Europe, ex States. None of those nations has declared Michigan offers the speech for printing cept Britain, had done little in mutual de emergencies or taken measures comparable in the RECORD in the spirit of something fense. And in this address, unless otherwise with ours. They do not propagandize war which should be examined, rather than stated, I do not include Britain in the term fears or war psychosis such as we get out of something which he endorses. Is that "Western Europe." Washington. Not one European country con correct? During the course of the debate a year ducts such exercises in protection from Mr. FERGUSON. I endorse the speech ago we were told that a European defense bombs as we have had in New York. generally. I realize what the Senator army of upward of 40 ground divisions would I recently made an inquiry from Euro be created under General Eisenhower by the pean sources as to why they calculate this wants in the RECORD, and I will put it end of 1952, with 20 more divisions by the risk of invasion as so much less than does in the RECORD: I endorse generally the· end of 1954. Washington. principles that are laid down in the We were told four more American divi The sum of this inquiry was that there was speech, and I think it should receive the sions were to be shipped to Europe in addi little public belief that there was risk of very careful attention of the Senate and tion to the two we already had there. a Russian invasion in the near future. Their of the House of Representatives. What has happened? reasons for this belief were: Of course, no Senator is bound by any The rearming of Western Europe is mainly First. They said that the Russian ground dependent upon the F'rench and the Ger armies could have overrun Western Europe document which he offers for printing m ans. A year ago, in urging that we send in a 2 months' campaign any time in the in the RECORD; the action of offering a our divisions, General Eisenhower stated to past 5 years and can no doubt do it during speech or other material for printing in the Congress that the French promised 15 several years to come. That they have not the RECORD does.not automatically imply battleworthy divisions by the end of 1952 done so seems proof to these observers that that the Senator doing so agrees with and presumably more by the end of 1953. the Kremlin realizes several difficulties -in every word contained in it. However, A few days ago, the French Defense Minister making a Red world out of the west. Mr. President, this address delivered by indicated that they contemplated only 10 Second. They said that the Communists the former President of the United divisions for the European . army of which hesitate to stir up a war in the west because States should receive the very careful none was complete and half of them were . they can see no final military victory; that only 50 percent recruited. the Russians know they cannot invade the attention of the Senate and the House ·The settlement by which Western Ger United States with armies, however much of Representatives. · many is to be given a certain degree of in they might possibly trouble us with bombs. Mr. McMAHON. I was not trying to dependence and is to contribute 12 divi Therefore, they said the Russians have no bind the Senator from Michigan. I my sions has not yet gone beyond the paper taste for a war where they cannot effectively self read the speech this morning. I was stage. No battleworthy German divisions destroy their enemy. curious to ascertain the position of the are in sight-certainly not before 1953. Third. They stated that the Kremlin real Senator from Michigan regarding the The British have announced that their izes that invasion of Western Europe would four divisions on the continent will not be add a dozen nationalities to the centrifugal speech because he has a measure of a part of the European army but that they influence by reason of being a Member forces and oppositions which already trouble will cooperate. Britannia would be a friend them from the thirty-odd races they domi of this body. So I was curious to learn but would not m arry Mr. Europe. That is a nate. They said the proof of these oppo .whether the ex-President of the United form of independence. sitions was the fact that the Communists States had made a convert of the senior In sum, the only substantial additions to have sent 15,000,000 .Politically objectionable Senator from Michigan. I was hopeful Western European ground armies during the persons to slave camps. In addition, na that he had not. 2 years past have been the American divi tionalism is not dead in those nations, as Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, I sions we have sent over. witness Yugoslavia. offer the speech for printing in the Aside from American and British divisions Fourth. They said the Kremlin knows that RECORD as a contribution to the discus it would be difficult to find 10 battleworthy the industrial potential they would secure divisions in the Western European army to by invading Western Europe is mostly an il sion of world problems and as a chal day. And it would appear that even the 60- lusion. The reason they gave is that if lenge to the Senate of the United States division army is 2 or 3 years away. Western Europe were blockaded by the Amer to reexamine the great world problems This proposed 60-division army compares icans or British, and Russian transport into which a •e before us, both from an eco- with over 200 equipped divisions which these Europe were paralyzed by bombing, Europe 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-' SENATE 519, would be 30 percent short in fuel, 25 percent We are constantly told that measures are the destruction of incentives to economic short in food, and without nonferrous and being taken by the Government to prevent progress are inevitable. hardening metals. They stated that under inflation. This ignores the fact that we are in the middle of infiationary operations at SOME ALTERNATIVE CALCULATIONS OF RISK THAT such a blockade, Western European indus MIGHT BE CONSIDERED RY THE CONGRESS trial production would diminish rapidly and this very minute. Ever since the end of the ultimately fall. Second World War the purchasing power of In view of this past year's experience, and Fifth. They said the Kremlin has at last our money, measured in wholesale prices, has these rising pressures, the Congress should learned that its conspiracies of boring from decreased 40 percent. again reexamine our situation. within have failed to secure more than a. Controls of the type we have imposed on I believe there are methods more effective minor percentage of men's mindS in the wages and prices cannot in the long run pre to check the Communist menace in the long Western World. Its left-arm activities have vent inflation. The experience of six great run and at the same time to lessen our there raised implacable walls to such ideo commercial nations in two wars has proved domestic dangers. logical victories. that they are, at best, a retarding device. As a basis f~r test I may repeat the essen Sixth. They said the opportunities for Under the demands of Washington we are tials of the proposals some of us made a the Kremlin are in Asia and that its face is confronted with a probable Federal deficit year ago which were supported by many turned east. of $30,000,000,000 to $40,000,000,000 for im military and economic authorities: Seventh. They said Stalin has every rea mediate rearm&.ment. We already have Gov First. That the first national purpose of son to be satisfied with the progress of eco ernment obligations and currency of $280,- this Republic must be the defense of this nomic confusion in the United States and in 000,000,000. And private credit is danger final Gibraltar of freedom-that is the West Western Europe. ously overexpanded. In the brief period ern Hemisphere. Eighth. Finally, they said the Communists since the war, it has swelled by Second. That the only way to save Europe know that, if they invade Western Europe, $130,000,000,000. from destruction is to avoid the third world their own war potential will be destroyed by The Government will need to cover part war. The real and effective deterrent which an atomic war from the air and a blockade of its deficit by selling its bonds or notes, we can, within our resources, contribute to from the sea, even if they succeed on land. some part of which must be sold to the that end is in cooperation with the British I cannot say whether these eight assump banks. That is direct inflation of credit and to extend our already strong air and navies tions are correct or not. But they do con results in an addition to the currency in the up to a striking force. The Communists tribute to Western Europe's lack of hys form of bank-check money. know that such a striking force could de terics and their calculation of low risk and, The two pressures-scarcities and expand stroy their military potential if they started therefore, their lack of hurry to arm. ing credit or paper money-are the irresisti an invasion and it could punish any such In any event this whole European situa ble forces of inflation. They are already be aggressi~n. And this applies to aggression tion requires that the United States recalcu ing expressed in gray markets and a sporadic against other non-Communist countries as late our own risks and reconsider the pos spiral of higher wages and then higher prices. well as Western Europe. sible alternatives. Our standard of living will be reduced in In Korea, however correct the original de millions of families. Lifetime savings will be cisions to use ground armies may have been, WHAT HAS HAPPENED IN ASIA AND THE MIDDLE taken from millions of other families. Rising our experience during the past year has cer EAST? prices are coming through the kitchen while tainly demonstrated that we should have In south Asia and the Middle East we are taxes are invading our homes through the relied upon air and sea forces to punish that witnessing vast readjustments of political front door. aggression. We could have avoided most of power. Behind the slogan "Asia for the Asi TAXES the sacrifice of 20,000 American boys and the atics" lie two centuries of the white man's These huge taxes are also overstraining injury of 80,000 others. The long-run in exploitation. These forces have lighted a our economy. Moreover they have probably jury to the South Koreans would have been prairie fire of revolution against the West. reached the point of diminishing return. lef?S devastating. They are removing the white man's bur That is indicated by the fact that the various Third. That the only way we can hold the den." taxes on the top bracket incomes can pos initiative in this cold war is not to scatter America had no part in this exploitation. sibly exceed 100 percent. If all remaining our ground armies all around the 25,000 Yet too often we find that many of these untaxed income above that level of the salary miles of Communist borders but to concen nations vote against the United States in the and expense allowance of a United States trate on such a highly mobile striking force United Nations. Senator were confiscated, it would bring only by air and sea. During the past year in Korea, the Gov about $2,000,000,000 annually to the Federal Three weeks ago General Wedemeyer, one ernment vetoed General MacArthur's poli Treasury. And that assumes that these tax of our greatest military strategists, stated cies of destroying the Chinese air sanctuary payers would continue to work for nothing we should not disSipate our ground armies in Manchuria and the employment of Chiang which they will not do. over the world and should put our emphasis Kai-shek's armies to save American lives. It is the average family who pays the bulk upon a striking force of air and sea power. Accordingly we denied ourselves victory. - of taxes both income and hidden. Among Fourth. That we should furnish such mu A negotiation was begun 6 months ago for them are corporation taxes. These are ulti nitions as we can afford to other nations a cease-fire. The Americalf people welcomed mately passed on to their customers or the who show a determined will to defend them its promise to stop the loss of bloOd and corporation would quickly go bankrupt. selves. lives of their sons. But three things have Families with incomes of from $3,000 to Fifth. That to maintain the economic come of it. Far from cease-fire, over 20,000 $4,000 a year will pay in total taxes an aver strength of the United States and to pre Americans have been wounded, and nearly age of over $900 per year. The double effect vent its socialization does not permit our 5,000 have been killed since the negotiations of inflation and taxes is indicated by the fact building up great ground armies in addition began. that a family with $3,000 net annual income to overwhelming air and sea forces and sup Yet in this negotiation we have retreated 10 years ago must now earn over $6,000 to ply of munitions to other nations. If our from the original purpose of unity and inde maintain the same standard of living. economy should collapse, Stalin's victory pendence for Korea to an appeasement idea And this spending and taxes is not a quickie would be complete. We cannot take that of a division of Korea about where it was be program soon over. When our great military risk. fore. Finally, during these negotiations the forces are assembled, they must continue to Sixth. That true friendship with Western Chinese have built up a great air force. be paid for. Due to constant new inven European nations requires they be told cer What the outcome may be, we do not know. tions in weapons, the new devices must con tain things in no uncertain terms. They But I will presently suggest some lessons we tinuously replace the old. That will cost should realize the limit of our economic aid now ought to learn from this experience. more billions. is this deterrent air and sea power and mu nitions. That, protected by this shield, we WHAT HAS HAPPENED IN THE UNITED STATES? A man may carry a load of 300 pounds across the room, but he will break his back expect them on the basis of their perform The outstanding phenomenon in the ance in previous wars, and now with the aid United States is the dangerous overstraining if he carries it around the block. Communism is an evil thing. It is con of munitions from us to realize that ground of our economy by our gigantic expenditures. armies are Europe's own problem. We should The American people have not yet felt the trary to the spiritual, moral, and material aspirations of man. These very reasons give state that we expect them to provide ground full impact of the gigantic 1:- crease in Gov protection to our airfields within their ernment spending and taxes. Yet we already rise to my conviction that it will decay and die of its own poisons. But that may be boundaries. We should state that not only su1fer from the blight of infiation and confis will we send no more grom:.d troops, but that catory taxes. many years away and, in the meantime, we must be prepared for a long journey. we expect they will rapidly relieve us of that INFLATION There are men who welcome these infiation burden except to protect our airfields outside We are actually in a war economy except and tax pressures because these forces drive the NATO countries. for worldwide shooting. We are diverting to socialize the income of our people. That And they should be told that their delays more and more civilian production to war is the inevitable end, even if it were not the leave our 250,000 European garrison in a most materials. We are placing a greater portion avowed purpose. I! this form of creeping exposed position. of our manpower under arms. All this cre socialism continues, we may be permitted to Seventh. Our relations to the United Na ates scarcity in civilian goads and increased hold the paper title to property, while tions Charter should be revised. It must spending power, both of which fan the flames bureaucracy spends our income. Along this not be allowed to dominate the internal sov of infiation. road the erosion of our productive capital and ereignty of our Government. Our courts 520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 28 have already made decisions that the Charter bachelor of arts degree in 1908, and master of Medical Holding ~tachment at Walter Reed overrides our domestic laws. arts degree in 1909; from Johns Hopkins Uni Army Hospital,_Washington, D. C. versity with a doctor of medicine degree in Since 1925, General Hume has been the IN CONCLUSION 1913; from the University of Munich in 1914; United States correspondent for the Inter Recalculation of our policies along these and the University of Rome in 1915. national Congresses of Military Medicine and lines would greatly reduce our economic He was appointed a first lieutenant, Med was delegate to their meetings at Paris, in risks. By restricting our ground armies and ical Reserve Corps, on September 16, 1916, 1925; London, 1929; The Hague, 1931; Brus ultimately reducing them to the force neces and detailed to the Army Medical School, sels, 1935; Mexico, 1936; Bucharest, 1937; sary to protect our homeland and our essen Washington, D. C., as a student. He was Washington, D. C., 1939; Basle, Switzerland, tial air bases outside of European NATO graduated in 1917, standing No. 1 in his class, 1947; Stockholm, 1948. He has also repre countries, together with a reduction or post and commissioned a first lieutenant, Medical sented to the United States at other inter ponement of 30 percent in our Federal civil Corps in the Regular Army with date of rank nat ional scientific congresses. expenditures, we could assure our economic from January 14, 1917. General Hume was awarded the Distin strength. We could return· thousands of General Hume was parole officer and direc guished Service Medal for his service as chief young men to their shops, their farms, and tor of the Department of Sociology at the medical officer and later as commissioner of their colleges. We could apply real brakes United States Disciplinary Barracks, Fort the American Red Cross in Serbia, February, upon this drift to inflation; we might stop Leavenworth, Kans., from March to Novem 1919, to June, 1920, in successfully combat the plunge into socialism; we could avoid ber 1917. He then was assigned to the Divi ing an epidemic of typhus fever. increase in taxes. But above all, we could sion of Sanitation, Office of the Surgeon Gen An Oak Leaf Cluster to the Distinguished bett er halt the spread of Communist impe eral, as executive officer, until June 1918. He Service Medal was conferred upon him for rialism. then was assigned as commanding officer of his service to the Allied military government, It has been said that in these evil times base hospital No. 102, in Europe, which was Fifth Army in Italy from June, 1943, to April, peace can be preserved only through strength. expanded into a composite hospital center 1945. That is true. But the center and final re with the Italian Army, until February 1919. General Hume was awarded the Silver Star serve of strength of the free world lies in the During the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, 1918, North American continent. Nothing must be with two clusters for heroism in action on General Hume served, in turn, with surgical November 3, 1918, near Asolo, Italy, where, permitted to weaken this bastion. We units of the third, fourth, sixth, eighth, and while commanding base hospital 102, he was should recalculate our risks. twelfth Italian armies. He was American wounded but refused to be returned to the I pray that we shall have peace and preser Red Cross commissioner to Serbia and sur vation of our American way of life. I hold rear until other wounded men had been evac firmly to the belief that a third world war is rounding territory and director of the anti uated; and for heroism in action on October neither necessary nor inevitable. - typhus fever campaign in the Balkan States l, 1943, in the city of Naples when he entered And in this summary of our position and until August 1920. the city ahead of the forward allied tanks, our prospects I have used only facts and the In November 1920, General Hume was and formally took over in the name of the terms of sober reason. But because I have assigned as assistant to the commanding Allied Forces while it was still under fire from avoided words appropriate to a deep emotion, officer, and later as commanding officer, Corps German artillery; and for gallantry in action this 'statement may not convey the extent Area Laboratory, First Corps Area, Fort on April 22-23, 1945, at Moderna, Italy, when of my anxiety for the future of my country Banks, Mass., where he served until June General Hume was among the first Allied and the world. But on this Sabbath day 1922. During this period, on his own time, personnel to enter Moderna while it was still that anxiety is even greater than 1 year ago. he completed the course in public health at the scene of extensive street fighting. Harvard University and Massachusetts Insti The Legion of Merit was awarded to Gen tute of Technology, receiving, in 1921, the eral Hume for services in Italy from April 21 MAJ. GEN. EDGAR ERSKINE HUME certificate in public health (subsequently to May 2, 1945, as assistant chief of staff, changed to the degree of master of public G-5, Headquarters, Fifth Army. Mr. CLEMENTS. Mr. President, this health). He also was graduated from the He was awarded the Soldier's Medal for afternoon there will take place at the Harvard School of Tropical Medicine, receiv heroism at Naples, Italy, October 7, 1943, National Cemetery at Arlington the ing the diploma in tropical medicine in 1922. when the explosion of a time bomb placed funeral of Maj. Gen. Edgar Erskine He next was assistant librarian of the Army by the Germans before their withdrawal Hume, a Kentuckian, who served in the Medical Library, as well as editor of its in caused the destruction of a part of the main dex catalog until April 1926. During that Post Office Building at Naples, Italy, killing Medical Corps of the United 'States Army period, he completed requirements for the or wounding upward of a hundred people. for nearly 35 years, and whose brilliant degree of doctor of public health and re General Hume helped to organize first-aid achievement and exceptional service ceived that degree from Johns Hopkins Uni for victims, and when it was found that sev earned for him the distinction of being versity in 1924. eral people were trapped in the cellar of the the most decorated medical officer in Until October, 1930, General Hume was wrecked building, he descended a hastily American history. medical inspector and epidemiologist at Fort made ladder and, with the help of an Italian As a man of sterling character, an Benning, Ga. While at that post he com civilian, managed to bring five wounded per 1llustrious international figure in the pleted the advanced course, Infantry School sons to street level by means of ropes and in 1928. He was instructor in the Massachu an improvised hammock. medical profession, and an officer exem setts and New Hampshire National Guard at General Hume's decorations also include plifying throughout his entire career the Boston, Mass., to September 1932, when he the Bronze Star with V and two clusters splendid qualities of courage, diligence, was appointed librarian at the Army Medical for heroism on the morning of June 4, 1944, and devotion to duty, General Hume not Library, where he served until October 1936. when the Fifth Army captured Rome and a only added luster to the fine family back He was then assigned to the Medical Field group of Fascist troops opened fire upon po ground that was his, but he left to pres Service School, Carlisle Barracks, Pa., as lice under his commanu, and for heroism on ent and future generations of Ken director of administration. He was grad August 27, 1944, during the severe street uat ed from the advanced course and con fighting at Florence, Italy, when he aided tuckians a heritage of inspiration and tinued as director of administration and pub in the rescue of a number of Italian pris confidence in the satisfaction, recogni lic relations officer until January 1943, when oners. tion, and prestige, that automatically ac he became commanding officer of Winter The Navy Bronze Star was awarded to crue to one who fearlessly and unselfishly General Hospital, Topeka, Kans. General Hume in July 1944 for heroism while devotes his life and talents to the service In April 1943, General Hume was assigned establishing Allied Military Government in of his country and his fellow men. to General Eisenhower's staff in North Africa the occupied port of Salerno during the Mr. President, I ask unanimous con to assist in planning for the invasion of Sicily amphibious invasion of Italy on September sent to have included at this point the and Italy. In July and August of 1943, he 10, 1943, when Hume landed and risked his official record of General Hume, an arti was chief of public health for Sicily. From own life by entering a mined area and as August, 1943, to September, 1945, he was chief sisted an injured man to safety. cle announcing his untimely death, of Allied military government and assist In May 1947 General Hume was awarded which appeared in the January 24 edi ant chief of staff (General Staff Corps) of the the Typhus Commission Medal for service tion of the Evening Star, Washington, Fifth Army. He participated in the initial in connection with the work of the United D. C., and an editorial which appeared landing at Salerno, September 9, 1943. He States o"f America Typhus Commission in in the January 26 edition of the Courier was successively in charge of the Allied mili the control of the epidemic of typhus at Journal, of Louisville, Ky. tary government of all the large cities of Naples, Italy, during the period December There being no objection, the record, Italy. From September 1945 until Jun e 1943 to February 1944. article, and editorial were ordered to be 1947, he was chief of military government General Hume also has the Purple Heart in the United States zone of Austria. with four clusters, the Commendation Rib printed in the RECORD, as follows: In June 1947, General Hume was named bon with three . clusters and many foreign MAJ. GEN. EDGAR ERSKINE HUME, UNITED chief of the Reorientation Branch, Civil decorations. STATES ARMY Affairs Division, Department of the Army. He has received numerous honorary de Edgar Erskine Hume was born in Frank He became surgeon of the Far East Com grees from American and foreign universi fort, Ky., December 26, 1889. He was grad mand in July 1949, with station at Tokyo, Ja ties, and is the author of some 400 books and uated from Centre College, Kentucky, with a pan. In October 1951, lle was assigned to the papers on scientific and historical topica. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 521
He ls an honorary citizen of many Italian France during World War I. He directed Since then I have heard from a great and Austrian cities. He was president of the antityphus campaign in Serbia in 1919- many dairy organizations in my State, the Association of Military Surgeons of the 20. He was the Army's delegate to the Inter- . reemphasizing the imperative necessity United States in, 1947-48, and is vice presi national Congress of Military Medicine on 10 of maintaining section 104 on the stat dent general of the Society of the Cincinnati. occasions. ute books. They point out. and very He was a fellow of the American Academy of FOUNDED DELTA OMEGA Arts and Sciences, the American College of General Hume was a member of 39 medical, rightly, in my opinion, that it is com Surgeons, the American College of Physi historical, and honorary societies, associa pletely inconsistent for Uncle Sam to cians, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and tions and clubs. He was founder and na support the price of butter at 66 cents a other learned societies, including the Acade tional president of Delta Omega. Only 8 days pound and yet to permit a flood of for mies of Medicine of Washington, Rome, ago, as vice president-general of the Society eign butter to pour into this country at Madrid, Mexico, Rio, Lima, and Bueno Aires. of the Cincinnati, he presented the society's 50 cents per pound. They point out that He is a diplomat of the American Specialty membership badge to British Prime Minis it is completely inconsistent for the De Board for Neurology and for Internal ter Churchill. partment of Agriculture to urge Ameri Med~ine. General Hume was the son of a doctor. He General Hume died January 24, 1952, at received his bachelor's degree at Centre Col can dairymen to increase production, so Walter Reed Army Hospital. lege, Ky., in 1908, and his degree of doctor of as to help feed our own population and PROMOTIONS medicine from Johns Hopkins in 1913. He the world, and at the same time for the He was promoted to captain and to major was graduated first in his class from the Department of Agriculture to oppose March 28, 1918; to lieutenant colonel (tem Army Medical School in 1917. reasonable restrictions on the incoming porary) April 2, 1918. He reverted to his A widower, General Hume is survived by a. flood of foreign products which would permanent rank of major June 9, 1920, and son, First Lt. Edgar Erskine Hume, Jr., sta simply serve to depress domestic pro was promoted to lieutenant colonel January tioned at Fort Knox, Ky.; a sister, Mrs. duction. 14, 1937; to colonel (temporary) June 26, Eleanor Hume Offutt, of Frankfort, and a grandson, Edgar Erskine Hume llI. They point out that it is inconsistent 1941; to colonel (permanent) January 14, for the Department of Agriculture to 1943; to brigadier general (temporary) Jan say. "Repeal section 104 and you can get uary 14, 1944; to brigadier general (perma [From the Louisville (Ky.) Courier-Journal ment) April 27, 1948; to major general (tem of January 26, 1952) the same protection from other stat utes." If the Department of Agriculture porary) May 27, 1949, with date of rank from WORLD IN DEBT TO A GREAT KENTUCKIAN April 27, 1948. and the Department of State believe in Only 3 months ago this page took note of protection for dairy production, why are [From the Washington Evening Star of the Army's award of the Distinguished Serv they unwilling to have this particular January 24, 1952] ice Medal, for the third time, to a famous Kentuckian, Maj. Gen. Edgar E. Hume. It statute remain on the books? The an GENERAL HUME, MOST DECORATED DocTOR IN was an occasion to say of him that he was swer is that other statutes simply do not ARMY HISTORY, DIES-Ex-MEDICAL OFFICER "by proven record one of the most valuable provide a basis for prompt, expeditious OF U. N. FORCE HELD 3 DSM's, FIVE SILVER men in Army ·uniform-and, it might be protection, whereas this particular stat STARS added, in the world today if an infiuence in Maj. Gen. Edgar Erskine Hume, 62, re saving lives beyond calculation is the basis ute does. cently retired chief medical officer of United of judgment." Now, Mr. President, it may be argued Nations forces in Korea and the most decor Nothing more may be said, of course, now that the dairy industry is simply think ated medical officer in American history that this native of Frankfort is dead. But ing in terms of itself in seeking to retain died today in Walter Reed Hospital. it should be repeated. As chief surgeon of section 104 of the defense production Death apparently was due to a heart at the Far East command and medical director law; but I say to you that we cannot ex tack. He was taken to the hospital last general of the U. N ~ in Korea, General Hume night from the Larz Anderson House, head headed a service which reduced the death pect the dairy industry to accomplish the quarters of the Society of the Cincinnati, rate from combat wounds to 1.8 percent. In impossible. No one is going to produce patriotic society of which he was vice presi World War I the rate was 8 .1 percent; in goods unless he can be assured of rea dent-general. World War ll, 4.5 percent. In war and peace, sonable profit. If he is convinced that A native of Frankfort, Ky., General Hume on mission, and in active service (he was a his economic throat is going to be cut. was an internationally known medical figure three-time Purple Heart wearer), he had gone and his career was one of the most brilliant about a conquest of disease and death. Forty you cannot expect him to produce. If he in military history. Decor~ted by all three foreign nations had given him, for his tri is convinced that he cannot possibly military services, his medals included three umphs over epidemics among them, medals, compete- with foreign producers who distinguished Service Medals, five Silver orders, and professional degrees. have lower labor costs, lower health Stars, and four Purple Hearts. He was the General Hume retired with the new year. only medical officer to have been wounded standards, and lower costs all along the He was not long to enjoy the rest that he, line, then there is no reason for him to in both World Wars and in Korea, where he as few other men, deserved for ceaseless suffered two wounds. labors in the service of mankind. It was the continue in dairy production. TWENTY-THREE HONORARY DEGREES kind of positive service that may be meas As an indication of various grass Thirty-nine foreign powers honored Gen- . ured and the world is better for it. New roots opinions throughout my State on eral Hume with decorations and he held 23 knowledge and hope are its fruits. this issue, I am appending hereto the honorary degrees, 13 of them from foreign text of various appeals which have come universities. His own studies earned him 10 degrees, and he was author of some 300 books REPEAL OF EMBARGO ON IMPORTATION to me from my state. I ask that they be and papers. His honors included a colonelcy OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES printed in the body of the CONGRESSIONAL in the Royal Serbian Army and honorary RECORD at this point. citizenship of 40 Italian cities. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate the unfinished There being no objection, the letters The only medical officer to serve in Italy were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, during both World Wars, General Hume was business. commanding officer of United States Army The Senate resumed the consideration as follows·: hospitals during the first war in Italy, where of the bill Japan. These were housekeeplng troops, days, exactly as long as MacArthur was in with no combat training, with nothing brought constantly, to their attention. command of Korea, As it chanced, his orders heavier than a couple of machine guns and Mr. President, in further reference to to return to the States brought him out at only the ammunition they could carry on General Lowe, who came to public notice the same hour the MacArthur party took off their bodies. MacArthur had them on their again on Monday, January 14, 1952, in in the Bataan. In fact, he delayed his own way in 2 hours, got the rest of the battalion the Washington Times-Herald, I wish flight to see the impressive J apanese fare in there the next day, and likewise flew in only to read this article in its entirety well to the MacArthurs, and to watch the himself. for the benefit of thoughtful people: Bataan leave the field. "Later," said Frank, "we captured the So he speaks with unique authority on the complete plans of that North Korean attack. TRUMAN'S TOP KOREA EXPERT DEFENDS MAc subject of MacArthur's handling of -the cam They were unquestionably Russian-drawn PRESIDENT MlsLED, GENERAL LoWE SAYS p aign in Korea. As the Presidential repre and well-predated. They called for a sur (By Bill Cunningham) sent ative, he had the full run of everything, prise attack in full force and procedure BosToN, January 13.-General MacArthur including MacArthur's headquarters. st raight on through to Pusan. They were was right in Korea, and if he'd been left He had an office only a few doors from Mac excellent plans and if an American general, alone he long since would have won in Arthur's in the Dai !chi Building and full with those plans and that superiority, hadn't Korea, in the opinion of Maj. Gen. Frank E. access to all conferences and reports. He smashed the length of Korea and taken Lowe, President Truman's long-time frien d spent most of his time, however, at the front, Pusan within 48 hours he'd have been re and his personal observer in Korea, now re and it seems safe to say that no other human lieved of his command. As it was, thanks tired and living on his farm in Harrison, being, not even a possible correspondent, saw to the genius of MacArthur- Maine. as much of the front and parts of the front as So says this personal representative of What we face now ls a disgraceful stale this Presidential observer with the roving mate, the writing otf of tens of thousands commission. the President of the United States of needless American casualties, the loss of WON TRUMAN'S CONFIDENCE the unbelievable guts of those few Amer face through the entire oriental world; and icans, and such of the South Koreans as a pointless undefined position for ourselves. General Lowe was recalled to active duty would rally and could fight, the Communists MacArthur was hamstrung and finally and flown directly to Tokyo early in August. haven't reached Pusan yet." brought down by the interference of the This was his third or fourth confidential I broke in there· to ask if he believed we State Department, which tried to wish a mission for the President. Their relations should have made the decision to go into commissar war on him and by the collusion began when Lowe, as a Reserve officer who Korea in the first place. He said, "Abso of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of chanced to be a Republican, was assigned lutely. We couldn't do anything else. And Defense George Catlett Marshall, who had as military executive to the Truman com I chance to know that MacArthur feels the it in for him for various reasons, some di mitt ee. same about it." rect ly personal, and some through little more The then Senator Truman was suspicious "Without the forces out there to back it than jealousy for his genius and his fame. of him at first. He thought the newly up?" I asked. The net result has been a tremendous loss assigned officer a possible spy worked into "We couldn't keep such forces out there," and tragic problem. his committee by the War Department. he said, "if we'd had a fighting army of WELL-CONSIDERED COMMENT Lowe, however, chances to be the sort of old 400,000 to 500,000 men in Japan, all Asia fashioned American who puts service to his That wasn't exactly the way the distin would have been certain it was an army of country and its leaders above every other conquest. Nobody would have trusted us. guished gentleman said it, but that's the consideration or affiliation. It wasn't long hard-boiled rendition of the thoughts and But we should have had troops ready to before Truman came to depend upon him move out there to back it up." comments expressed by the Presidential ob completely, and this carried over into the server during a visit this reporter bad with Truman inheritance of the presidency. That's a major point in his story. It was him this past week. so major in fact that he flew back secretly On at least three previous occasions when in mid-October personally to assure both Mr. President, I should say paren he had a confidential mission, the Demo Secretary of Defense Louis Johnson and the cratic President called in this Maine Re theL~ally that althJugh I do not know President that it really was war, and that publican. Once he flew him to the Philip more troops were needed and fast. Bill Cunningham, of the Boston Herald, pines, and again to Japan to confer privately I have heard it said of him by many of with MacArthur. The bond between the Mr. President, there is· in that sen his associates and many of those who men is still strong and unstrained, unless tence an implication which I ought to read his columns constantly, that he is this interview strains it. a man of exceedingly great talent and "I am utterly loyal to Harry Truman, the point out at the moment, though I do one who writes as best he can objectively individual," Frank said the other night, "and not intend to labor it. The implication concerning the subjects under his study. I always will be. I don't care for his party is that after weeks and weeks of bloody and I scorn and despise the thieves and It was simply tempered, well-considered, war it took Maj. Gen. Frank Lowe on scoundrels who have moved themselves in on returning to this country to convince and completely objective comment, much of him, have taken advantage of him, and even it in the form of honest answers to ques misled him." those in authority that America was in tions honestly asked, made by a very tired volved in a war in Korea. cit izen-soldier who has given t he best years The public doesn't seem to realize there of his life to his country with no idea other were two wars in Korea, he says, and neither LOST JOHNSON AS FRIEND than giving it his best and completely self does the public sufficiently realize that Korea He and Johnson were first-name friends less service. was suddenly flung in MacArthur's lap. He and had been since World War I. They His qualifications for commenting upon didn't have anything to do with it until the haven't been friends since that interview. this particular subject are unique. He was fighting began. We had an advisory alpha Johnson more or less pooh-poohed the Lowe recalled from retirement as a gentleman betical monstrosity known as KMAG, or concern, and Lowe told him, in effect, that farmer and flown to Korea as the confidential some such, in there. if he didn't get L.ghting troops out there in 528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 28 force the American Nation would never for Mr. President, it seems to me at this Lowe had nothing to do with policy, and give him. point that it is not entirely a question of he took pains to have nothing to do with His efforts with the President weren't whether one agrees or disagrees with the strategy. To keep from appearing to much more satisfactory. For the first time be a spy on the latter, he meticulously stayed in all their dealings, Mr. Truman seemed Frank Lowe, but as a man who has quali away from all briefing conferences and to to bridle at something he said. It's pos fied himself, not only by appointment avoid appearing to be a spy on MacArthur sibly easier now to understand why, because but by background, as a competent re he carefully sent duplicates of his constant Lowe had said when the shooting starts in porter, every word of what he has said reports to the President, to MacArthur. Mac any particular place, it's time for the poli through Bill Cunningham must be made Arthur saw every one of his reports but the ticians to move out and let the military take last one, and MacArthur was already out over. available to every Member of the Con when that one was made. gress of the United States who sees fit Frank Lowe was by no means the first to give consideration to Gen. Frank MESSAGES WERE SIDETRACKED citizen-soldier of the United States to Lowe's point of view. Lowe sensed the break that was coming say precisely the same thing. There are and did his level best to head it off. He members of the Senate Armed Services I read further from the newspaper tried, for one thing, to prevent the Wake Committee who have been saying, and article: Island conference, or at least to see Mr. Tru praying over, the same thing since the "That's what he was setting up with that man before he talked with MacArthur. He 'retreat' they were featuring. He did the later was to discover that his urgent cables first shot was fired in Korea in June same thing up north when he sucked the to the President were never delivered and 1950. Chinese in. A lot was made of 'The Reser he assumes they were intercepted and side That was the period just after the Louis voir,' and Hungnam, and of course it cost tracked. He knows of at least one other case Johnson defense cutback, of course, but the us some men, but what was overlooked was where his messages were tampered with. He Defense Department also undoubtedly se that we froze and starved more of the Chi doesn't know by whom, but he suspects the riously underestimated the situation. One nese than we shot, and that number ran Pentagon, and he wonders if an effort was set of orders sent out even referred to the into the hundreds of thousands." made to isolate the President, at least where fighting as the Korean skirmish. Frank "But about those Chinese now," I began. General MacArthur was concerned. meant it was time for the State Department The former Presidential confidant today is to stand clear. HAD PERFECT INTELLIGENCE out of it all, running for nothing, looking He went back in time to join the troops "Yeah, I know,'' he said, "MacArthur's for nothing, trying to get back at nobody, as the perimeter was established north of supposed to have had bad intelligence, to and merely assorting his memories. He'll Pusan and efforts were being rushed to hold have been wrong in thinking they wouldn't extoll the Americans he saw in action for and start the fight back. He's particularly come in. Instead, he had perfect intelligence. hours: The First Cavalry, the Marines, the bitter about the reporting through that par We had five kinds of intelligence and all of Twenty-fourth, the Twenty-fifth, the rest ticular period-the stories of terror, com it good: the Chinese Nationalist, the South including the other United Nations forces, plete rout, and wild flight of American sol Koreans, the J'apanese, the U. N. intelligence, and especially the Turks. He praises such diers. He says they simply aren't true. and our own. MacArthur knew the Chinese combat generals as Hobart R. (Hap) Gay, I asked him if General Willoughby was were there, in exactly what strength, exact Oliver P. Smith, Edward R. Craig, the Ma right in his recent arraignment of certain ly what they had for arms, he even knew rines' Col. "Chesty" Puller, and numerous war correspondents in a magazine article and the numbers of the divisions, where they others, but his voice drops and his eyes fill the charge that their writings helped under came from and how much training they'd when he speaks of the casualties. mine MacArthur. had. The "disgraceful stalemate" is unaccepta "I didn't see the article," he said, "but he "All he didn't know was their intention. ble to him. "The first law of war," he says, couldn't have been far wrong, whatever he The only sensible thing was to take a paste "is don't commit our troops in driblets. said. There were a few good correspondents." at them and see whether they intended to We either should cut the string, and pull fight. It was then, or later. The thing to out, or throw everything at 'em and get it He named half a dozen, including Mae over with. Craig, of the Portland Press-Herald, "who do was to discover their intention and then really went to the front and truthfully wrote take the necessary steps. The trouble and the tragedy was that he was handcuffed from Again, Mr. President, how many times what they saw. Then there was the sort of have we heard that comment on the personal reputation seekers who stayed stink Washington. He could have knocked the ing drunk 150 miles from the front and Reds out then and there if they'd let him ftoor of the Senate and at many other wrote heavy strategic pieces second-guessing fight his fight. That, incidentally, is where places? We have heard it so many times MacArthur. They're the ones who wrote the second, and separate, war began. that if that advice had been followed fiction about the terror in the eyes of the "You're a sports writer. You know if one there might a long time ago have been green American troops and their throwing fighter has height and reach on the other no need whatsoever for the development away their guns to retreat. I saw more and doesn't use it, he might as well get of a story such as Bill Cunningham of American troops in action than all of them out of the ring. You also know how impor tant jabbing is. A fighter can't stand back Boston, an American, writes about this put together, ancl I never saw even one case particular general, an American who of funk. on his heels, wait for the other man to come "The American troops were solid as rocks. to him, and hope to knock him cold with one lives in Maine. All they needed was help. What these bril punch. You have to jab. I read further: liant colleagues of yours didn't know enough RUSSIANS BE DAMNED Everything, that is, but the atomic bomb. to realize was that MacArthur knew exactly "Well, your Navy and Air Force are our There's no point in frittering that. It what he was doing." jabbers. We should have been jabbing them should be saved for the ultimate target, and then thrown in such terrible strength that I cannot help saying that many Ameri beyond the Yalu, along the coast of China, up both sides of Korea, cutting their lines the whole world will stop. cans thought that months ago, and think and destroying their bases." The MacArthur TRUMAN WRONGFULLY INFLUENCED the same today. policies, in short. The gist of it all is that the President's I read further: "But the Russians,'' I said. personal observer feels the Chief Executive "The trick was to suck those North Korean was wrongly influenced by a combination· armies as far south as possible, stretch their Everyone has an opinion about the of Mr. Acheson and the Joint ·chiefs of Staff; lines to the qreaking point, and then cut Russians. This is what Gen. Frank and so we've lost a war we might long since them far down the stalk. Lowe, the President's personal repre have won. The other side, of course, is "This he did more expertly and consistently sentative, said in answer to Bill Cun that this is the straight military viewpoint, than any general in history. There never ningham's question: and that, even granting him correct, there was anything like that Inchon landing, and were political factors that had to be con that's strictly his. He went it alone. The "The Russians be damned," he said. sidered, and the President and his advisers Joint Chiefs were against it. Even the am "They gave the signal they wanted no part believe them to be the more important. phibious-trained marines, who'll go any of it. Remember that little incident where We can pray to God that they were cor where, weren't too certain of that one. I'll we did bomb beyond the Yalu. Our fliers rect, but 6 months of wrangling over admit I wasn't, either. For the first time in said they got lost in the-clouds, or something, nothing but a stalemate, 105,000 American my life I wrote a farewell letter to Mrs. Lowe, but they gave those air bases a hea..vy treat casualties, the loss of Asia and the billions ment. And what did the Russians do? burned up in the affair once lightly referred and left it to be mailed, if, as, and when. They filed a very weak letter of protest. "Yet he pulled off that magnificent opera to as "the Korean skirmish" give them a lot If they were waiting to come in, don't you to produce before they can begin to look tion with three dead and eight wounded, i! think they'd have come? There was all the right. I remember correctly, cut the whole Red excuse they needed. That was the tip-off on The score, at the moment, seems to favor army loose to rot or surrender, recaptured how much they wanted of it. The very day the MacArthurs and Lowes who would have Seoul, and fulfilled his basic orders to rees I came out of there, I flew over Raschis in slugged it out to a decision and have got it tablish the South Korean Republic." a B-29. They didn't even fire a rifle at us." over with. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 529 Mr. President, I have seen no attempt Communists in Asia," ·reared and hated Gen to fight their wars from chateaus"-and re by anyone in high authority, I hope eral MacArthur "because he was right and sent any diversion of thought or effort to it was wrong" and was set on undermining Asia. though I soon shall see it, to answer an him because he was "determined to meet important official observer from the of the issue head-on." Although I have never seen General fice of the President of the United States. Lowe, I can visualize what he is because I did, however, see something more NO SUCH THING AS HALF A WAR of what he has been, and I have some "There is no such thing as half a war and about General Lowe in the issue of the there never will be," General Lowe said. appreciation for the color in his lan Washington Daily News of Friday, Janu "The State Department wanted him to guage. ary 25, 1952, written by Mr. Jim G. fight a commissar war. It tried to make his Unable to prevent the President's Korean Lucas, a Scripps-Howard staff writer. I decisions for him. One by one, we are doing intervention, they have done everything pos wish to offer it for the consideration of the things Douglas MacArthur told us we sible to slow it down. the Senate and of Americans generally. would have to do. But I'm afraid we have "I hold that the issue has been joined," The headline of the story reads as missed the boat. General Lowe said. "It is communism follows: "MacArthur was framed, Tru "In April, we could have destroyed . the against the rest of the world. It has been Chinese Communist armies in Korea. In joined in the Far East, and that is where man's adviser says." stead, we've given them 7 months in which it must have its first settlement. If we The dateline of the story is Harrison, to build up their strength. It will be much equivocate or procrastinate-if we appease Maine. I read: harder now. I'm not even sure we can these beasts-then the generations that fol Personal cablegrams to President Truman do it." low us will indict us for physical, mental, from Korea-containing information which This, Mr. President, was said by Gen moral, and spiritual cowardice and we'll be might have prevented a break with Gen. guilty as hell." Douglas MacArthur-never. were delivered, eral Lowe, a military man whose opinion Frank Lowe today is at once a tragic and Maj. Gen. Frank E. Lowe told me in an ex ought to be considered before some magnificent figure. We sat before his blaz clusive interview today. people summarily discard it. ing fireplace or drove about the Maine woods, Furthermore, General Lowe said he read General Lowe is convinced the President discussing what we had done and seen in and approved General MacArthur's 1950 mes and General MacArthur actually saw things Korea. The chain of friendship between us sage to the Veterans of Foreign Wars while alike. He thinks the two were deliberately had been forged in battle. As we talked, it was being written. The White House pulled apart and pitted against each other the temperature fell below zero and a snow suppressed this message. by third parties-men he says "are damned storm raged outside. Both General Lowe and General Mac near guilty, in my book, of what amounts KOREA MISSION "TRAGIC FAILURE" Arthur were shocked and surprised by the to disloyalty to the Chief." President's order that it be withdrawn. "It was the Chief's decision to intervene Frank Lowe returned from Korea last June. T:1ey believed the message expressed sup in Korea and destroy the enemy," he said. Why-after 7 months-bas he finally de port of Mr. Truman's Far Eastern policy. "It was their duty to support that decision. cided to talk? General Lowe, the Pi·esident's "eyes and They didn't and wouldn't. Douglas Mac Principally because this devoted patriot ears" for the first 10 months of the Korean Arthur did and they got him." believes his mission to Korea was a tragic war, revealed he tried to get Mr. Truman to He said General MacArthur told him fre failure. It was his job, he felt, to prevent call off the Wake Island meeting with Gen quently that President Truman's decision on a misunderstanding. It was his job to make eral MacArthur last spring. Under such Korea was "the greatest act of statesman doubly sure that the two men be loved most tense circumstances, and with so many ship in world history." ~resident Truman's in this world-Harry Truman and. Douglas others present, General Lowe was convinced regard for General MacArthur was "so high MacArthur-always understood each other, there was no chance of the two reaching an it couldn't have been any higher." always stood shoulder to shoulder against the common foe, always worked together. understanding. FLAME OF HOPE THROUGHOUT AREA He felt there was the added danger the President Truman sent him to General breach might be widened by those interested When he dismissed the general, the Pres MacArthur, General Lowe felt, not only be in keeping the President and General Mac ident cited the VFW message as one in a cause he was the President's close friend, but Arthur at odds. General Lowe sent one series of incidents proving General MacAr because be was General MacArthur's friend, cablegram asking permission to brief the thur was out of step with the administra too. General Lowe, a rock-ribbed Maine President at Honolulu in advance of the tion's foreign policy. In that message, Gen · Republican, and Harry Truman, a Missouri meeting, if Mr. Truman was determined to eral MacArthur discussed the strategic im Democrat, clicked from the moment the go to Wake. portance of Formosa-a Nationalist strong general was assigned as military aide to the General Lowe learned after he returned hold President Truman was using the Sev old Truman committee. But Generals Lowe to Washington that these and other per enth Fleet to defend-and the necessity for and MacArthur had been friends long before sonal messages never reached the President. keeping it in non-Communist hands. In it. Mr. Truman came to Washington. General Lowe doesn't know what happened he spoke eloquently of the President. General Lowe tried to play fair with both. to those messages, although he says it "The decision of President Truman on A copy of every message he sent to the "shouldn't be difficult to draw conclusions." June 27 lighted into flame a lamp of hope President was delivered to General MacAr throughout Asia that was burning dully When he finally came home in June, he was thur. Both men knew and approved this tired and sick, interested only in writing toward extinction," General MacArthur ca arrangement. his report to President Truman and going bled. "It marked for the Far East the focal and turning point in this area's struggle for · If any man could have prevented what home. freedom. It swept aside in one great monu happened, General Lowe believes, he was Ti1.e caoles could have been stopped in the mental stroke all the hypocrisy and sophistry that man. And he thinks he failed. He Pentagon or the White House. General Lowe which has confused and deluded so many couldn't cope with "that damned Pentagon is inclined to suspect the Pentagon, where people distant from the actual scene." crowd." · he says he is disliked because he never was When President Truman ordered the mes As he said it- one of the team. He is bitterly critical of sage suppressed, General Lowe said he and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, particularly Gen. General MacArthur were bewildered. Gen There are other reasons. He has waited J. Lawton Collins, and former Defense Sec ,eral MacArthur sincerely believed, General patiently for some action on his report. retary George C. Marshall. He says the Lowe said, that his message would bolster Nothing has happened. He feels time is run Pentagon tried to block his trip to Korea in the Truman far-eastern policy. General ning out. the first place and ignored him while he was Lowe said he had "never seen a man more I hadn't seen Frank Lowe since April there. hurt and puzzled" than General MacArthur. when I walked into his borne here. Korea He is convinced that "damned Pentagon As a good soldier, he withdrew his message. has left its mark on him. He hardly seemed crowd" was out to discredit General Mac But it already had been released to the the same sturdy soldier who had campaigned Arthur for personal reasons and would do newspapers. from Pusan to the Yalu River, who landed anything to accomplish its purposes. at Inchon, who never seemed to sleep or rest. THEY WANT TO FIGHT FROM CHATEAUS Like every other American, Mr. Presi He is far from a well man today. At 67. General Lowe quite obviously shares Gen Frank Lowe says "I don't covet longevity." dent, I wonder where the truth is. For eral MacArthur's views that the first-and the good of the Nation, the Senator from perhaps climactic-battles against commu LIVE TODAY AND PLAN FOR TOMORROW Washington hopes that on~ of these days nism will be fought in the Far East. He While" in uniform, Frank Lowe was reluc we will find it, and he prays that we so reported to Mr. Truman when he was sent tant to talk. Now, retired for age, be can will find it soon. to Asia on a secret mission in 1945. Only the say what he thinks. United States, he told the President then. "Nothing I say to you is off the record," At this point I may say that I have can save Asia from communism. No other he said. "I'm a realist and I'm too damned never seen, met, or talked with Gen. western power has the prestige, the respect. old to change." Frank Lowe. or the means to do it. · On one point the old warrior ls emphatic: · The Stat e Department, he charged, has But, he said, the Joint Chiefs of Staff can there are no political implications in what he been guilty of "daily appeasement of the think only in terms of Europe-"they want is doing. He doesn't intend to play partisan XCVIII-34 530 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 28 politics. He is sulfuric in his reaction to pursue a defeated and disintegrated enemy think it sufficient to offer what General Republican demands that he be called before throughout the length of Korea-as far north Lowe has said, so that every man and a. congressional committee. as the Yalu and Tumen Rivers?" woman, whether a Member of this body This Republican knows of no demands I call this comment, without prejudice, or not, can come to their own conclu which have been made upon General to the thoughtful attention of the Secre sions as to what ought to be done about Lowe to come to Washington. This Re tary of State. the general's recommendations. If publican, together with every member of The Korean war, General Lowe says, was there is an individual anywhere who is the opposition party and every other "Russian engineered and precipitated." better qualified to counsel with our Na American, I hope, is thinking of some "You were there at Uijongbu when we cap tion and with us about the war in Korea reasonable, sensible h"ay in which to rec tured that Russian order of battle," he said. I do not know who he might be. oncile the great discrepancies and con "Those were excellent plans (dated in March and written in both Russian and Korean, I tradictions which appear as between the recall). DEATH OF. MAJ. GEN. EDGAR ERSKINE State Department authorities,. the Joint "If an American general with those plans HUME Chiefs of Staff, the President of the and that superioi:ity hadn't smashed the United States, and the President's per length of Korea i_:Lnd taken Pusan within 48 Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, sonal representative in Korea for 10 long, hours he would have been relieved of com I am saddened today by the death of bloody war months. If I thought that mand. As it was, thanks to the genius of Maj. Gen. Edgar Erskine Hume, United General Lowe's coming down here would Dou glas MacArthur and the guts of a handful States Army. His sudden and untimely serve a particular and constructive pur of Americans and South Koreans, the Com passing on Thursday morning last, was pose at the moment, as a member of the munists failed." a shock to me. Armed Services Committee I would cer Here we have an instance of Bill Cun General Hume was a great American tainly make a request that he be brought ningham interviewing General Lowe one and a distinguished soldier. He was oue here. It is not that one Republican is day, arid some days later another re of the most decorated officers in the working with other Republicans to try porter, Jim Lucas, doing the same thing. United States Army. to think of a method by which to recon In each instance this tired old warrior, I first became acquainted with the cile these horrible comments, so much who has no purpose but to help his coun general w:1en I reported to his command as it is that the Senator from Washing try live, says, in language that makes me for duty in the late winter or early spring ton is conferring daily and constantly warm inside: of 1944, at Caserta, Italy. Though har with other Americans to try to make Thanks to the genius of Douglas Mac assed by many duties and responsibili sense out of madness. It cannot be done Arthur and the guts of a handful of Ameri ties in those grave hours, he was most by keeping the participants far removed. cans and S::mth Koreans, the Communists gracious. Our brief interview was for There must be a meeting one of these failed. the purpose of determining my accepta days, during which every item at issue Continuing to read from the news bility to him for a highly important as is not only joined but proved one way paper article : signment which he was called upon to make. I was far from convinced that I or the other. I hope that time will come "If anything is needed to prove that the soon. Russians started this war, that document possessed the capabilties required for a Continuing to read from the newspa did. It was carefully calculated long in ad post so important to his military needs per article: vance, just as is the whole Russian program." of the time. But the general was a man "I can see no good to be accomplished by RUSSIA HAS THREE PURPOSES IN KOREA of quick action and decision. After a my being called at this late date," he said. General Lowe approved President Truman's brief review of my experiences in civil "We should forget yesterday except for the intervention in Korea. As he sees it, Russia and military life, the general said, "I lessons taught. Live today; plan for to had three objectives: guess you'll do." And so it was that for morrow.'' 1. To set up another laboratory of war, as some weeks to follow, I had the benefit He is equally emphatic on another point: in Spain, to test tactics, techniques, and of his keen perception, his rare qualities there are no changes in his basic loyalties. weapons. of leadership, his administrative ability, His devotion to President Truman is as real 2. To see whether the United Nations was his complete knowledge of Italy and of as ever. · He is a little saddened that the another League of Nations, and would "just President has, in his opinion, been misled pass notes," as the League did in regard to the Italian people. Added to this, I had and misinformed. But be understands how Manchuria, Ethiopia, and the Panay incident. the inspiration of his courage, his will those things happen. 3. To see whether the United Nations- to accomplish, and his devotion to those When General Lowe went to Korea, his and the United States in particular-would of us who were his subordinates. orders were simple: "Take up wherE you left fight. To try to review his accomplishments off." He had the greatest leeway. He could "They got their answers," he said. "It was in life would require volumes. His cul go where he chose. a great shock to the Russians to learn that tural attainments were far beyond av MAC ARTHUR IS WORLD' S TOP GENERAL so many free countries could and would send erage. He was a distinguished physi What does he think of General MacArthur :fighting units to a United Nations Army un der American command with complete good cian. His literary talents have been rec now? will. The free world has gained a great deal." ognized by many of the foremost publi "Now," meaning Friday, January 25, However, he feels, we should have carried cations of our time. His comprehensive 1952, many months after General Mac the fight to the enemy more aggressively. knowledge of archeology made him be Arthur was removed from his commands If that meant crossing the Yalu, either in the loved by all who appreciated the cultural air or on the ground, he would have done it. influence of the past, not alone in Italy in the Far East. If military strategy ruled out crossing the Frank Lowe says he hasn't changed the Yalu, he wouldn't have done it for political but in Europe generally and in many opinion he expressed last March. Then, he reasons. Quite obviously, he feels many of parts of Asia. said: our decisions have been political. He was a man of deep religious con "I think General MacArthur is the greatest As a result, he says, we face a disgraceful victions and throughout my associations general-strategically and tactically-this stalemate and thousands of lives are being with him in the military activities which world has ever known. It takes 50 years to sacrificed needlessly. brought us together, he exhibited a keen write history. You and I will not live to desire to bring all of the spiritual forces read the final verdict, but I'll bet that history Mr. President, it had been my inten· 50 years from now will so record. Our peo tion to offer for the RECORD, and to read, of the world into unity. Wherever he ple have never gotten so much for so little. several editorials concerning the various went, he was an ambassador of good will. In my opinion, his Korean campaign was a interviews by responsible reporters with Mr. President, only 2 months ago I masterpiece of strategy and tactics." a distinguished American soldier, Maj. bad the privilege of flying with General What about the decision to cross the Gen. Frank Lowe. I now intend to do no Hume from Paris to Frankfurt, and thirty-eighth parallel? such thing. It should not be necessary there again he exhibited the great "What were bis orders from the United for any American who is possessed of a knowledge which he had gained of the Nations?" Frank Lowe countered. "As I un affairs of the world, and his ability as derstand them, those order3 were to proceed bead, or a conscience, or heart, or soul forthwith to defeat the North Korean Com of his own, or any Member of the United a scholar. munist Army and to reestablish the Re States Senate, to take an interpretation The thing that impressed me about p'1blic of Korea. How in the bell could he of what General Lowe was talking about General Hume during the time it was have done that in any other way than to from some editorial writer's opinion. _I my privilege to serve under him, was CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 531 that although he was educated and respect to the humanitarianism of Gen I pointed out, agatn, on the fioor of the trained as a physician, he was an able eral Hume and his great qualities of Senate, that the new code so impinged upon commander of men. He had natural leadership cannot be overemphasized. I human liberties and human rights that it should have consideration by the Committee command instincts. appreciate what the distinguished Sena on the Judiciary, with a view to determining General Hume had a magnificent sense tor from Washington has said concern whether it might not be advisable to write of patriotism. No more ardent Amer- . ing this great soldier. some changes into the bill. ican ever lived. His high devotion to the On that occasion, I pointed out again Society of Cincinnati, of which he was what I had previously written to Senator vice president, when death came, showed REGULATION AND CONTROL OF NEWS Tydings, that the new code provided that that he, like Washington and those brave PAPERMEN UNDER MILITARY LAW the jurisdiction of the military courts should and courageous officers who worshiped Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, I be extended to a great many civilians who may be serving with, employed by, or ac at Washington's Shrine, placed these have today released a statement with companying the Armed Forces; and I urged United States and their integrity above respect to the bringing of newspaper caution in such an expansion of jurisdiction all else, save only Qod. men under military law. I ask unani to civilians. In the passing of Maj. Gen. Edgar mous consent that this statement may Anyone interested in further details of Erskine Hume, I have lost a dear and be printed in the body of the RECORD, to what I said at that time will find the debate devoted friend. Countless other people gether with the regulations therein re in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, volume 96, on three Continents have lost a friend. ferred to, a copy of which I send for part 2, page 1412. At that same point in the The great contributions which he has ward. RECORD will also be found two letters which I made to mankind, to his fellow citizens There being no objection, the state addressed to Senator Tydings on dates sub here in America, and to many thousands sequent to the letter previously referred to. ment and regulations were ordered to be I recall these historical matters, not for abroad, are not lost. They are living printed in the RECORD, as follows: the purpose of attempting to establish my and will continue to live in the hearts STATEMENT BY SENATOR McCARRAN self as a prophet, but solely to make a record and minds of those he has befriended. During the adjournment of the Congress which will permit those who may be inter As one who served under General I noted that the Department of Defense had ested to have ready access to material pre Hume, I pay tribute to his memory as issued a new series of regulations with re viously placed before the Senate and in, a distinguished citizen, an able physician, spect to the activities of newspaper men serted in the RECORD. a great soldier, and a genuine patriot. engaged in reporting and photographing the I am going to ask unanimous consent that Mr. President, I believe it is highly tribulations of our Armed Forces overseas. there may be inserted in the Appendix of I want to take this occasion to caution the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the new regula appropriate that my remarks should tions to which I have referred, governing come at this time, following the very my friends in the press gallery that if they snould find themselves with such an as newspaper correspondents, technical observ able and informative address of the dis signment, they had better exercise extreme ers, and service specialists accompanying the tinguished Senator from Washington care in what they say or write about of United States Armed Forces in the field. CMr. CAIN]. I say that because Gen. ficers, particularly officers of the unit to These regulations appear in the Federal Reg Edgar Erskine Hume was Surgeon Gen which they are attached; because under the ister of J anuary 3, 1952. eral to General MacArthur at the time new regulations, war correspondents are now I hope that members of the press will read General MacArthur was relieved of his subject to court martial under the provisions these regulations carefully, so they will get command-and this tribute to General of the uniform code of military justice. some idea of what they may be up against This situation exemplifies a point which I if their duties take them afield with the Hume fits squarely with the tribute just Armed Forces. In contemplating such a pos paid to his great chief, General Mac made back in the spring of 1949, when I first wrote to former Senator Tydings, then sibility, members of the press should bear in Arthur. chairman of the Committee on Armed Serv mind that if and when a correspondent Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, will the ices, with regard to a bill then pending, should be arrested by the Armed Forces un Senator yield? which subsequently became the so-called der the code of military justice, he cannot be Mr. HENDRICKSON. Gladly. uniform code of military justice. admitted to bond or brought before a grand Mr. CAIN. If the Senator from New I pointed out in that letter that the pro jury for indictment, nor does he have any Jersey would permit the Senator from posed code would "govern in peacetime as unrestricted right of appeal on conviction well as wartime, a large segment of the to the court of military appeals. Such an Washington to join in his remarks on unrestricted right of appeal is granted only General Hume, he would be very grate population of the United States consisting mostly of civilians and persons drafted from to general officers, or officers of ft.ag rank in ful. civilian life." the Navy, who, I regret to say, constitute a I should like to say to my friend from I pointed out that one paragraph of the group that excludes most correspondents. New Jersey that on one occasion, for then-proposed cod~ would subject "all per · a period of approximately . 3 months, sons serving with, employed by, accompany [From the Federal Register of January 3, I was privileged to have served under ing, or under the supervision of the Armed 1952] General Hume. In that relationship I Forces without the continental limits of the PART 515-REGULATIONS FOR CORRESPONDENTS, grew to know him only casually as a United states"; and that another paragraph TECHNICAL OBSERVERS, AND SERVICE SPECIAL friend, but I knew him exceedingly well went a step farther by subjecting to the code ISTS ACCOMPA:iYING UNITED STATES ARMY as a commander. He was a commander "all persons within an area leased by the FORCES IN THE FIELD United States which is under the control of possessed of as much fairness and justice the Secretary of a Department and which CORRESPONDENTS to all ranks and grades under him as is without the continental limits of the Sections 515.1-515.18 are rescinded and the any officer I have ever known. United States." following substituted in lieu thereof: Furthermore, because I saw with my I went on to point out that these provi SEC. 515.1. General-(a) Purpose: Sections own eyes what he did for the Italian sions would place a very large number of 515.1-515.26 acquaint correspondents with people during the period of occupation civilians under an almost exclusive juris their responsibilities while under the juris which followed the landing at Salerno, diction of military tribunals; and that mili diction of the Armed Forces in area com if there is any man living who has more tary law had not previously been so extend mands as designated by the Secretary of ed, especially in its application to peacetime Defense and serve as a directive to Armed humanity in him and any greater desire conditions. Forces personnel in their relationship with to help those stricken and in need than Those who might wish to read the text of correspondents under jurisdiction of the did Gen. Edgar Hume, the Senator from the letter which I wrote to Senator Tydings, Armed Forces. Washington does not know who such a and to which I have referred, will find it in (b) Policy: The policy of the Department person might be. the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, volume 95, part of Defense is to give the public timely and, I compliment the Senator from New 5, page 6162. The letter itself was dated so far as it is compatible with national de Jersey very appreciatively for the com April 30, 1949, the date on which it was fense, complete information of Army, Navy, ments so well made about a citizen who transmitted to the addressee. Air Force, Marine Corps, ancl Coast Guard When the bill which became, upon enact• activities and to afford opportunities to cor so well deserved them. respondents of recognized public information Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, ment, the uniform code of military justice, was debated in the Senate, I attempted to agencies to gather and transmit such news. I thank the distinguished Senator from have that bill referred briefly to the Judici SEc. 515.2. Definitions: For the purpose of Washington for the fine contribution he ary committee, for the announced purpose simplification and understanding, certain has made to the lasting memory of one of scrutinizing those provisions which ex terms used herein are defined below: of America's great citizens. All the Sen tended court martial jurisdiction to a large (a) "Public information agencies" shall ator from Washington has- said with portion of our civilian population. mean a press, radio, or pictorial organization 532 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 28 regularly engaged in the collection and dis (f) As far as facilities permit, correspond "7. This authorization is for the period semination of news to the public, including ents will be treated as commissioned officers, ------to ------and press associations, news and pictorial fea with the assimilated rank of major or com subject to revocation at any time, for cause, ture services, newspapers, periodicals, radio parable grade, in such matters as messing, by the.. D~partmentSigned ______of Def~nse. _ and television broadcasting organizations, living accommodations and transportation. and news-reel companies. They will be accorded the same privileges "Representing ______(b) "Correspondents" shall mean journal and have the same obligations as officers in "(Company, syndicate, or agency) ists, press reporters, photographers, col the use of post exchanges, ships stores, cloth "Witnessing officer ------ umnists, editors and publishers, radio and ing sales stores, and recreational facilities. (Name) television reporters, commentators and cam Use of such facilities must be without cost "l copy-Office of Public Information, De eramen, and news reel and other documen to the Government. partment of Defense. tary picture production personnel who are (g) Correspondents may converse freely "1 copy-Military Department concerned. duly accredited to the Department of De with Armed Forces personnel, unless such "1 copy-Commanding officer, headquar fense and regularly engaged in the collection conversation interferes with the discharge ters concerned. and dissemination of news to the public. of military duties. They are expected, how "1 copy-Correspondent." (c) "News material" shall mean all news ever, to refrain from conversing with Armed SEC. 515.7. Credentials: The issuance and material, whether of information or opinion Forces personnel at work or on guard, or use of credentials shall be as outlined below. and whether visual or auditory, for dessemi from discussing or soliciting information (a) When an application for accreditation nation to the public. known to be classified. as a correspondent is approved, the applicant ( d) "Press traffic" shall mean news mate SEC. 515.4. Application-: Application for will be furnished credentials, including a rial transmitted in writing or by means of the accreditation of any individual corre correspondent's identification card (SD Form telecommunications (in form customarily spondent will be submitted by the sponsor 36) , by the Office of Public Information, De employed by news media agencies in trans ing employer to the Office of Public Informa partment of Defense. Possession of this mitting such news material before publica tion, Department of Defense, Washington 25, identification card establishes the physical tion) to newspapers, news periodicals, and D. C. identity of the correspondent, his connection broadcasting organizations. SEC. 515.5. Limit on number: The follow with a recognized public information agency, ( e) "Official photographs" shall mean ing considerations shall govern the number and the completion of a file check by appro those stills made by military photographers of correspondents accredited to any theater priate Federal security agencies. or. civilian photographers employed by the of operations: (b) The correspondent shall be furnished Department of Defense, as distinguished from · (a) The number of correspondents ac an identity card by the Department of De photographs made by war correspondent credited to a theater will be within quotas fense (DD Form 489}, stating that he is an photographers. Unclassified official and un established by the theater commander after accredited correspondent serving with the classified captured photographs will be made coordination with the military department Armed Forces of the United States and en available to all interested news photo agen concerned and the Department of Defense. titled to treatment as a prisoner of war in cies and media when practicable. Quotas will be determined by the size of accordance with article 4, Geneva Convention (f) "Official motion pictures" shall be the command and the availability of facili Relative to Prisoners of War, of August 12, those motion pictures made by military ties and logistical support. 1949. For the purpose of insuring proper photographers or civilian photographers em (b) When limitation of quotas is neces treatment in the event of capture, the iden ployed by the Department of Defense, as sary, the Department of Defense Will give tity card will provide the assimilated rank distinguished from motion pictures made by preference in the consideration of applica of major or comparative grade. war correspondent photographers. Unclassi tions to agencies reaching broad segments ( c) A correspondent's accreditation card fied official motion pictures as well as un of the American public and to selections does not authorize the bearer to have access classified captured motion pictures will be which maintain a balanced representation to classified military information. made available to all interested theater of the various il'.l,formational media. ( d) Correspondents will produce identifi· news reel and television news film companies SEC. 515.6. Agreement: Before final ac cation cards upon request of an officer, war and other media if practicable. ceptance, a correspondent will be required rant officer, or enlisted man in the execution SEC. 515.3. Status and privileges: All pos to sign an agreement in quadruplicate as of his duty. sible assistance within the limits dictated by follows: (e) Where conditions warrant, in addition military necessity will be given correspond "OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, to Department of Defense credentials, major ents to assist them in performing efficiently • "OFFICE OF PUBLIC INFORMATION, headquarters commanders may issue passes and intelligently their work of keeping the "Washington 25, D. C., or credentials with regulations governing public informed of the activities of the .. their use . Armed Forces of the United States. (Date) SEC. 515.8. Termination of accreditation to (a) Correspondents accompanying the "AGREEMENT a the,:'l.ter of operation: An accredited corre Armed Forces of the United States are sub "As a correspondent accredited to and au spondent may leave a theater of operation ject to the orders of the military commander thorized by the Department of Defense to at any time upon military orders issued by of the unit to which attached. They are the commander concerned. join ------for the pur- subject to military law in accordance with (Name of unit) • (a) If accompanying the Armed Forces the Uniform Code of Military Justice, article pose of obtaining new material for public beyond the territorial limits of the United 2 (10) , (11), and (12). They must wear the dissemination, I subscribe to the following States, and the return journey 1s made by prescribed uniform and be prepared to iden conditions: Government transportation, relief does not tify themselves when called upon to do so "1. As a correspondent, I understand that become effective until arrival in the United by proper authority. They shall at all times I am subject to military law in accordance States. If the journey is made by other than observe the same military security regula with the provisions of article 2 (10), (11), Government transportation, relief becomes tions as service personnel, including censor and (12) of the Uniform Code of Military effective at the time of departure from the ship of personal correspondence. Justice, and to all regulations for the gov theater of operation or base command. (b) Correspondents are not, in general, ernment of the Armed Forces. (b) Accreditation as a war correspondent entitled to the benefits provided by law for "2. My movements and actions shall be in to a theater of operation will be terminated persons in the Armed Forces. accordance with the regulations of the De upon: (c} In the event of capture by enemy partment of Defense and the instructions of (1) Severance of employment with the forces, correspondents are entitled to treat the commanding officer of the headquarters sponsoring agency. ment as prisoners of war, provided they are to which I am attached. (2) Revocation of accreditation. in possession of an identity card issued by "3. I agree to submit for censorship an (c) Revocation of accreditation is a re the Department of Defense establishing their news material obtained during the period of sponsibility solely of the Secretary of De status. (Article ,4, Geneva Convention Rela this accreditation, whether for release while fense. In general disaccreditation will re tive to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, with the Armed Forces or thereafter as long sult from: of August 12, 1949.) (Sec. 515.7 {a) and as security is a consideration. ( 1) Personal misconduct of a criminal or (b) .) "4. I agree to comply with all currency moral nature. (d) Correspondents will not exercise com control regulations in effect in the places (2) Violation of security regulations. mand, will not be placed in a position of visited under this authorization. (3) Membership in, close relationship to, authority over military personnel, nor will "5. I guarantee to meet all financial obli or adherence to subversive organizations. they be armed. They will have the same gations incurred by me while accompany ( d) Upon termination of accreditation, obligations as military personnel in regard ing the Armed Forces under this authoriza the correspondent will leave the theater of to personal conduct, the settlement of ac tion. operation or base command upon instruc counts, and compliance with standing orders. "6. I waive all claims against the United tions of the commander concerned. Corre ( e) A correspondent becomes subject to States for loss or damage to my property or spondents whose accreditation has been ter military law, as indicated above, upon phys for personal injury, sustained in connection minated will surrender their credentials to ically entering a theater of operation in an with my activities as a war correspondent, the theater or base commander before de accredited status, or upon boarding Gov during the period covered by this author parture for the continental United States, at ernment transportation en route thereto. ization. which time they will be issued temporary 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 533 credentials covering the return journey. (a) The privileges accorded an accredited sonable opportunity to photograph the ac The theater or base commander will forward correspondent may be suspended for the use tivities of the Armed Forces but the Armed the expired credentials to the Office of Pub of words or expressions in a news dispatch Forces are not responsible for the quantit y lic Information, Department of Defense. intended to mislead or deceive a censor and or quality of their output. It is recognized SEC. 515.9. Uniform: (a) Accredited cor cause approval of otherwise objectionable that: respondents accompanying the Armed dispatches. (a) Still and motion pictures are essential Forces of the United States in a theater (b) In extreme cases of offense, the cor in keeping the public informed of the war of operation will wear the following officer respondent may be placed in arrest to await effort and in the official documentation of type service uniforms: evacu ation or disciplinary action. the war. (1) Winter: Jacket and/or shirt and (c) Information of the conduct of a cor (b) News events must be photographed as trousers, wool, shade 33; or fatigue clothing; respondent warranting· disciplinary action they occur. necktie, shade 51, trench coat, shade 79; together with that of any action taken or (c) Control should be exercised over the garrison cap, wool, shade 33. contemplated, will be forwarded through ap release of photographs rather than the tak (2) Summer: Cott on khaki shirt, trousers propriate channels to the Office of Public ing of them. Photographers are expected, and cotton khaki garrison cap, sha;de l; or Information, Department of Defense. however, to refrain from taking pictures that fatigue clothing; necktie, shade 51. SEC. 515.14. Communication with sponsor violate security or hamper the Armed Forces ( b) Correspondents accompanying the ing agency: When the behavior or activities or their allies in the discharge of military Armed Forces of the United States will wear of a correspondent are of such a nature, duties. civilian insignia conforming to the following commendable or otherwise, as to warrant calling the facts to the attention of the SEC. 515.18. Still picture pools: Military specifications: On a khaki-colored cloth necessity, such as lack of space, transporta background 2'h inches in height and 3 inches sponsoring agency, commanders will forward all pertinent information to the military de tion, or other facilities, or diverse and ex in width, a dark blue equilateral triangle tensive military operations, may require that of 1 1;4 inches, bearing the letters U. S. in partment concerned. Recommendations rel ative to the case will be sent by the de still-picture photographic coverage of the khaki color '4 inch in width and 'h inch in activities of the Armed Forces of the United height. The word "war" will appear above partment to the Office of Public Informa tion, Department of Defense, for action. States be undertaken by recognized still the blue triangle and the word "corre picture photographic agencies in a pool op spondent" below it in dark blue letters 14 SEC. 515.15. Filing of material: (a) Prior to transmittal, all news material will be sub eration. When pooling is required, all pic inch in height. This insignia will be worn tures taken by any representative of any on the left breast pocket of outer garments mitted for review to the appropriate cen sorship authority, as directed by the com participating agency will be distributed to all or in a comparable position on outer gar other agencies in the pool. ments having no pockets. It will also be mander of the force to which the corre worn on the left front of the garrison cap. spondent is attached (Sec. 515.16). SEC. 515.19. Exclusive still pictures: At ·the ( c) Correspondents may wear military dec (b) Correspondents will employ only those discretion of the Derartment of Defense and orations awarded to them as civilians ac communications facilities designated by the the military department concerned, a special companying the Armed Forces. They may commander of the force or unit to which war correspondent photographer may be ac also wear decorations or service ribbons attached. credited ·to a theater of operation to under awarded them for previous active military (c) When commercial communications fa take an exclusive assignment. All pictures service. cilities are not available, the use of Armed secured by a temporarily accredited camera (d) Corresponde:q.ts may not wear military Forces facilities by correspondents is author man, other than those specified in advance, insignia or divisional or unit insignia. Ci ized subject to the following conditions: whether taken by himself or secured from vilians accompanying the Armed Forces are ( 1 ) Press traffic will not interfere with another source, are subject to pooling if a not eligible for the award of service medals. operational military traffic. pool is in operation. ( e) Articles of special clothing and equip (2) When military necessity requires that SEC. 515.20. Release dates: Except under ment may be issued to correspondents on priority of transmission of news material be unusual circumstances, the Department of memorandum receipt where required. · established, procedure (pooling, priorities, Defense will not establish release dates for (f) Accredited correspondents will not word-limit restrictions, etc.) will be pre still-picture pool photographs. All pool wear civ111an clothing while accompanying scribed by the commander concerned. photographs will be released simultaneously the Armed Forces in a theater of operation. (3) Press traffic originating on military on ii. date established by, and agreeable to, Exceptions may be made for special groups facilities will be refiled commercially at the the majority of pool members. under escort visiting military areas for commercial refile point for the area con SEC. 515.21. Still picture censorship, de limited periods. cerned. veloping, and shipping: All still pictures SEC. 515.10. Transportation: (a) When (4) Press traffic will be re:fil~d collect when made in a theater of operation will be sub commercial facilities are inadequate, Gov transferred to a commercial facility. ject to current censorship directives. When ernment transportation may be furnished to ( 5) Press traffic will be prepared and filed laboratory facilities are available, . photo accredited correspondents, for travel to and 1n the manner prescribed for the type of graphs and accompanying captions will be from the command to which attached, when communications facility over which it is to censored prior to shipment or radio trans ever such transportation is available and es be transmitted. mission from the theater. When laboratory sential military personnel are not displaced. (6) The provisions of section 327, Commu facilities are not available, negatives, clearly (b) Within the theater, or other command nications Act of 1934, as amended ( 48 Stat. marked as such, and capti<.-ns to accompany of attachment, correspondents may request 1091; 47 U. S. C. 327) will be applicable to them will be shipped through such Armed Government transportation required for the all press traffic and related service mes Forces or other channels as are specified by accomplishment of their missions. sages accepted for transmission via the Naval the theater commander concerned to ac (c) The baggage of correspondents nor Communication Service. complish transmittal to the United States mally will be moved with that of the head SEC. 515.16. Censorship: Censorship in in the shortest possible time. They will be quarters to which attached. Its weight and time of war or national emergency is a directed to the Office of Public Information, content will be within the llmits prescribed measure vital to the security of the people Department of Defense, Washington 25, D. c. by the commander concerned. of the United States and to the military Photographs, after being developed and cen SEC. 515.11. Reporting upon arrival: Upon forces thereof. The following regulations sored, will be delivered by the Department arrival at the headquarters to which at will apply: of Defense to the agency employing the tached, correspondents will report to the (a) All communications, by whatever photographer who m9,de the picture. This Public Information officer, who will provide means, will be subject to established censor agency will then make prints or copy nega the assistance and guidance required for ship regulations. Material intended for tives available to other pool companies if it the accomplishment of their missions. publication may not Le sent as personal mail is a pool photograph. The original negative SEC. 515.12. Change in assignment: but must be submitted for press censorship. is the property of the agency whose photog Changes in assignment will be effected as (b) In general, news material may be re rapher made it. Negatives and prints not re follows : leased for dissemination to the public pro leased by the censor will be held by the De (a) Correspondents officially assigned to vided it does not supply information of value partment of Defense until releasable. the headquarters of a senior commander to the enemy. SEC. 515.22. Copies of stills for Department m ay, at their request, be attached to a sub (c) News material prepared by corre of Defense: Three prints of all photographs ordinate headquarters. Such changes of as spondents after their return to the United made by war correspondents in theaters of signment will be subjected to the approval States from a theater of operation which of the commanding officers concerned. contains information that might be of value operations will be turned over, free of charge, (b) A correspondent's movement to a to the enemy, such as tactical doctrine, clas to the Office of Public Inforrrlation, Depart theater other than that to which currently sified equipment, future plans, combat ef ment of Defense, for its archives. The De assigned will be accomplished only with ficiency or state of training, etc., will be partment of Defense does not have the right the approval of the commanders concerned submitted for review to the Office of Public to sell, reproduce, or distribute these pic and the Department of Defense. Information, Department of Defense, prior tures in any way without permission of the SEc. 515.1 3. Discipline: Disciplinary action to publication. company owning the negative. may be taken as follows for violat ion of SEC. 515.17. Pictorial coverage: Accredited SEC. 515.23. Theater newsreel or television Secs. 515.1- 515.26 or other regulations: news cameramen will be afforded every rea- news film pools: Militar; necessity such as 534 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 28 lack of space, transportation, or other facil First of all, let me say that I think subject to a point of order at the time ities, or diverse and extensive military opera there has been a great deal of misunder when the Senate acted on it. tions, may require that motion-picture cov standing in regard to section 104. Much However, be that as it may, the ques erage of the activities of the Armed Forces of the United States be undertaken by recog of the misunderstanding has developed, tion involved was discussed at some nized photographic agencies in a pool opera I believe, because of the fact that there length in the House of Representatives. tion which will require that all film taken by seems to be a lack of knowledge of the I do not know whether it was considered any representative of any participating agen reason for adding section 104 to the De by one of the House committees, but it cy be distributed to all other agencies in the fense Production Act last year. was discussed on the floor of the House. pool. When pooling is necessary, separate Similiar amendments having the There has been some discussion as to pools will be establish for theater newsreel same objectives had been discussed for whether the House voted on that amend and television news film companies. ment, which was identical in language SEC. 515.24. Exclusive motion pictures: At many months and in fact for 3 or 4 years the discretion of the Department of Defense prior to the adoption of section 104. with the one we have before us now. For and the military department concerned, a Such amendments had been discussed purposes of the RECORD, I wish to say special war correspondent motion picture during the debate on section 22 of the that the ·House did vote on the amend cameraman may be accredited to a theater Agricultural Adjustment Act and dur ment, and it was identical in language of operation to undertake an exclusive as ing the debate on the General Agree with the one which now is sought to be signment. All film secured by a temporarily ment on Tariff and Trade, which often repealed. The vote in the House came accredited move cameraman, other than on the so-called Andresen amendment, that specified in advance, whether taken by is referred to as GATT. himself or secured from another source, is In June of last year when the Second which is the same as the Magnuson subject to pooling if a pool is in operation, War Powers Act was about to expire we amendment. That vote occurred on July SEC. 515.25. Motion-picture censorship, de had before us the question of extend 22, and was 265 yeas and 148 nays. veloping, and shipping: All motion pic ing or renewing that act. In that act Later one Member of the House changed tures made in a theater of operation will be was a general, broad provision allowing his vote, and the final tally was 266 to subject to current censorship directives. the President of the United States in 147. So the House passed on the amend Undeveloped motion-picture negatives, ment adequately, after a great deal of clearly marked as such, will be shipped from time of emergency to do exactly-and, the theater of operation through Armed in fact, to do in an even broader way debate. Forces chaunels by fastest practicable means what section 104 allows the President to This proposal is not new to the Senate. to the Office of Public Information, Depart do in the case of imports and exports as We have duscussed it and the entire sub ment of Defense, Washington 25, D. C. they affect certain agricultural products ject matter on many occasions. I recall Films ·.vi.11 be developed at a laboratory which are subject to a Government tax that not more than a year ago, at the specified by or acceptable to the pepartment supported program. time when we were meeting in the old of Defense. The Office of Public Informa Senate Chamber, the Senator from Ar tion, DC'partment of Defense, will determine My only thought in the matter was the final release of classified as well as un that we should extend the provisions of kansas and I spent an entire day on this classified motion pictures so that there will Public Law 590, the Second War Powers subject. At that time the question be be no censorship or delay at the source in Act and that in doing so we should use fore the Senate was whether a portion forwarding the undeveloped negatives or in the necessary language to extend its of section 22 should be amended so as to permitting motion pictures to be taken. provisions for another year, until we make it consistent. After censorship, the negatives will be deliv could work out the question of how to Our whole argument then was that we ered to the company employing the photog could not see the logic of having the rapher who made the pictures. This com , handle imports which might jeopardize pany will then make duplicating prints or Government-supported programs. I be Government support the price of agri negatives available to other pool members lieve that was the intention of the Sen cultural products, on the one hand, by when such action is indicated. The original ator from Minnesota, the Senator from means of using the taxpayers' money in negative is the property of the agency whose Oregon, and the other Senators who connection with price supports, market photographers made it. Film not releR.sed by have felt the need for this provision. ing agreements, or other Government the censor will be held by the Department of However, because that provision of supported programs, and, on the other Defense until releasable. hand, allow the making of agreements SEC. 515.26. Duplicating copy for Depart the Second War Powers Act was so ment of Defense: A duplicating print or broad in scope and could be applied which would permit imports which negative will be furnished the Department without regard to any effect upon a would injure that program and thus of Defense by the theater newsreel or tele Government-supported program, such would cost us money both ways. We vision news film company owning the nega as the one now applying to agricultural merely sought to clear up that situation. tive. The Department of Defense does not products, we drafted the amendment Certainly the amendment is not in have the right to sell, reproduce, or distrib consistent with the Reciprocal Trade ute these films in any way without permis now known as section 104 of that act. It is true, as the Senator from Ar Agreement Act. I do not know of any sion of the company owning the negative. Member of Congress who has been more (SEAL] WILLIAM E. BERGIN, kansas [Mr. FULBRIGHT] has pointed out, Major General, United States Army, that there was some confusion in the strongly in support of the reciprocal The Adjutant General. Senate Chamber on the evening when trade agreements than I have been dur the amendment was submitted. I think ing the 16 years I have served in the it was midnight or 1 or 2 o'clock in the Congress; and if I thought for a moment REPEAL OF EMBARGO ON IMPORTATION that this amendment would be incon OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES morning before we completed action on the amendment. sistent with the Reciprocal Trade Agree The Senate resumed the consideration ment Act, I would be opposed to the of the bill (S. 2104) to repeal section 104 A point of order was made on the amendment. However, the amend of the Defense Production Act of 1950, amendment by the Sentor from New ment is not at all inconsistent with the Mexico, and that caused a considerable Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act. as amended. amount of debate. During the course of The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. KEM All section 104 provides is that if im in the chair) . The question is on agree the debate the distinguished Senator ports of the items enumerated enter the ing to the motion of the Senator from from Colorado asked me whether the country to such an extent that they Indiana [Mr. CAPEHART] that the bill be language was identical with a certain jeopardize a Government-supported recommitted, with certain instructions. provision. At that time I had on my program, then the President may limit Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I desk the proposed extension of the Sec such imports or may impose quotas on had not intended to speak today on this ond War Powers Act, and I said, "It is." them to any extent he wishes, either up matter. However, inasmuch as prob However, I do not think any point should or down. For instance, he could do so ably we can not reach a vote until to be made in that connection on the to the extent of 1 percent or to the ex morrow on the motion of the Senator ground that there was misapprehension tent of one-half of 1 percent. So the from Indiana or, if the motion does not on the part of the Senate, because that amendment doeS' not provide an em prevail, on the bill itself, and inasmuch amendment was not the one which was bargo at all. as there do not seem to be any other submitted. Some question has been raised as to Senators ready to speak at this time, I The amendment was read on many whether section 104 is discretionary or shall attempt to discuss the subject for occasions in the Senate, both during the mandatory. It was my thought and it a short time this afternoon. debate and prior to that time; and it was was the thought of the Senator from
.- 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 535 Oregon when we submitted the amend cause of the discussion which we heard Mr. THYE. Mr. President, will the ment that it would be interpreted as be in the Senate a few days ago. The pro Senator yield? · ing discretionary. Certainly that was vision was never intended to restrict the Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield to the Sen our intention. I do not believe in a pol importation of blue cheese or any other ator from Minnesota. icy of enacting mandatory provisions item. It was merely a section providing Mr. THYE. Mr. President, it is very applicable to the executive departments that· there might be expeditious action true that the question has been before when they have to reach determinations with respect to certain importations the Senate, although there apparently relative to foreign trade, inasmuch as upon a proper finding to the effect that has been no effort to obtain a vote on it. such matters require considerable flexi they were harmful to a Government tax It is now 2: 45 o'clock, and at this mo bility and discretion. Of course, as has supported program, and only at such ment no Senator is endeavoring eith~r been well pointed out, the responsibility time. But blue cheese got into the argu to bring this question to a vote or to for making the basic decisions regard ment because it happened to be affected dispose of the subject. Therefore the ing foreign trade lies with the Congress. the only time the provision was used, as Senator from Washington is entirely At any rate, the Department of Agri I understand, within the year. But the correct in intimating that we have culture interpreted section 104 as being Department of Agriculture, which has wasted far too much time of the Senate mandatory and as requiring it in a given manifested a dislike of this provision, upon a study of this question, or, ap set of circumstances to impose given and which stated that it was mandatory, parently, in keeping it before the Sen quotas. saw fit 1 day before the , expiration of ate as the pending measure. But we Section 104 provides that the Secre the Second War Powers Act to apply the are getting no action whereby we could tary may, upon a given set of circum same section to certain other items. I dispose of it one way or other. stances, so find. I admit that the last should like to refer to Defense Food Mr. President, if the Senator from sentence of section 104 is to the effect Order No. 3, a news release dated Wash Washington will yield further, I should that if and when that is done and the ington, June 29, 1951, in which the De like to inquire of him whether it is not Secretary makes the finding, the Presi partment of Agriculture said that for true that imports of cheese may come dent shall impose quotas. However, several years commodities had been sub into the United States under the present section 104 does not say what kind of ject to import controls under the Agri section 104 restrictions to the extent of quotas shall be imposed, OJ" what the cultural Import Order previous to War about 70 percent of the imports which limitations shall be, or in what amounts Food Order G3, which was the authority came in, in the highest calendar year they shall apply; but that section merely for import controls on fats and oils, in which was the calendar year 1950? I says that the Secretary shall make such cluding butter, rice, and so forth and am unable to see that any injury has findings. so on. been done insofar as the relationship Whether the executive department In the announcement it is also stated between this Nation and other coun wished to interpret the section as being that licenses will be granted only for the tries is concerned, when there may come discretionary, I do not know. At any importation of certified and registered into the United States 70 percent of the rate, because I believed that the section items, mentioninG" seed fl.ax and certain imports which came in during the calen should be interpreted as being discre other items. But the officials of the De dar year 1950, which was the highest tionary, I even went so far as to send to ·partment stated that it was necessary to year with respect to the importation of the conference committee a communica restrict the commodities listed in De certain of the choice cheeses or some of tion in which I suggested that if in the fense Food Order No. 3 in the interest the foreign cheeses. conference it was possible to include a · of national defense; and it proceeded to Mr. MAGNUSON. The figures were statement to the effect that the amend make the order immediatley preceding placed in the RECORD, and I am sure the ment should not be interpreted as being the expiration of the Second War Powers Senator's figures are correct as he has mandatory, that would be agreeable to Act. That was done to extend the given them, but in my opinion an im me. However, it turned out that be authority. pressia.n has been created here that sec cause the Andresen amendment was Section 104 is not inconsistent with tion 104 imposes some kind of embargo. identical to my amendment, word for reciprocal trade agreements, except in The fact is that all kinds of imports are word and comma for comma, it was not sofar as it protects us regarding agri being made, and there is no restriction subject to being changed in the con cultural programs which it is necessary upon them except in special instances, ference committee. So section 104 went tor us to support. Of the 10 coun and only with respect to a certain por into the bill and finally became a part tries which the Senator from Arkan tion of the imports. There is no em of the law, the Defense Production Act. sas said had protested this provision as bargo as the Senator says. Foreign To judge from the opposition at this some sort of technical breach of good countries are sending us all sorts of com time downtown and at the other end of faith in respect to reciprocal trade modities, and we want them. We want the Avenue, if that is any indication of agreements, eight of them had similar the reciprocal trade agreements to func what the opposition was at the time provisions in their own laws for the pur tion. Yet, Mr. President, I feel sure that when the bill was passed, I suppose pose of protecting themselves, as they were the same countries spending their that if section 104. had been incorpo should have, in connection with Govern money in agricultural price-support pro rated in a separate bill, it might then ment-supported programs. grams, and if they were to find that we have been vetoed. However, I shall not Section 104 need not be used except were shipping to them the particular undertake to prophesy about that now. in cases of emergency. It may be that commodities in question, which would I want to be perfectly frank. It• was a an emergency existed in respect to blue result in great losses to them on their part of the Defense Production Act, and cheese; I do not know. But it applies merely a continuation of the broad to a specified broad group of items support programs and· even jeopardize powers under the Second War Powers in connection-even the Department of such programs, in all fairness and jus Act, which had been in existence for 10 Agriculture has used it on occasion. No tice we would have to agree that they long years, and which have not hurt one said anything then. No one in any would be entitled .to protect their own anyone. This provision did not go as of the other countries protested when interest. far as some of the other provisions. It the Department of Agriculture used the Mr. THYE. Mr. President, will the is now sought to repeal it. authority under the Second War Powers Senator yield? Because it was known that we could Act, though it was much broader than Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield further to not continue to deal with this impor this and had been in existence for 10 the Senator from Minnesota. tant matter indefinitely under the De long years, whereas this was made ap Mr. THYE. Mr. President, it is most fense Production Act and that there had plicable for but 1 year. ·unfortunate that statements have been been some misunderstanding, we de issued by the State Department in the liberately limited the application of sec Mr. President, the Senate has many tion 104 to 1 year, and it expires on important things to consider-at least nature of propaganda against section June 30. In the meantime, it has been there are some I can think of-yet we 104. If I desired to do so, I could give used once, and that was in relation te> have taken almost a week of the Sen the name of an individual in the State blue cheese. I know nothing about blue ate's time now to act upon the repeal Department who addressed the annual cheese nor do I have any particular in of a law, which of itself will expire on meeting of the extension county agents terest in it. But blue cheese was the June 30. and home demonstration agents at St. 536 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 28 Paul, in the course of which addresses at of being stored in warehouses which which expires by limitation on June 30. tacks were made on section 104. I sub were not refrigerated. I have no definite information from the mit that if they have time to travel all Cheese production was expanded House on this question. I appreciate over the United States of America, in throughout the United States, more espe the fact that we should not determine order to disseminate propaganda against cially in Wisconsin and Minnesota, and our action on the basis of what the this type of legislation, and particularly as soon as we reached the peak of that House may or may not do, but with so against this piece of legislation, then I expansion the war came to an end. much to do, we must take that point believe that as we reexamine the appro Then we were faced with the constant into consideration. priation request which has been sub threat of imports because of our favor It is my understanding that the House mitted to us, it would be advisable for us able prices and because our dollars were committee will begin hearings in 3 weeks to consider every item eontained in the higher in value than was any foreign or 30 days on the question of the exten appropriation request, to make certain monetary unit. sion of the Defense Production Act of that we reduce the so-called travel ex For that reason, Mr. President, we have which section 104 is a part. That would penditures of State Department officials, continued the restrictive measures mean that if we should repeal that sec if such travel allowance is to be used for against the imports of fats and oils. tion, we would be marching up the hill the purpose of going forth to attack When we noticed the huge importation and then marching down again. In all legislative measures which have been of cheese, we immediately commenced probability, the H0\.1.Se will take up the enacted by the Congress. to give some study to the question of question of the extension of the Defense I was quite surprised when I found erecting a barrier which would hold Production Act. If this section should that a gentleman representing the State back such importations from our mark be repealed, the President of the United Department whose name was on a pro ets whenever it was necessary in order States would have on his desk a bill to gram at the annual meeting of the ex to maintain our own dairy prices. repeal an act which would expire in a tension workers in St. Paul had de Dairy prices in the United States have few weeks. I do not see much legislative liberately mentioned section 104 in his hovered around 88 percent of parity to sense in that. I suggested that we let attack. I can tolerate some politically the producer. That percentage of par minded individuals making certain poli ity will not permit the number of dairy the matter go and give those who have tical attacks, but when a representative cows needed for our own domestic con a deep interest in the question, the farm of the State Department attends a meet sumption over a period of 5 or 10 years. organization~ an opportunity to come ing of extension workers and uses such So the dairy cow population in the before the Senate and House commit a meeting for the purpose of attacking United States has decreased by approxi tees, when they hold their broad hear legislative measures enacted by the Con mately two million in the most recent ings on the extension of the Defense gress, I think Congress should examine postwar years and the trend continues. Production Act, which expires on June very carefully into the appropriations Unless we can arrest it and hold our 30. They can work out something. But granted. dairy prices at a little higher level than no one seemed to want to accept that There is no embargo on the imports 88 percent, we shall see more dairy cows suggestion. I had some discussion with of fats and oils or cheese under section going to slaughter and we shall see fewer representatives of the State Department 104, but there are some provisions which dairy heifers saved annually, with the to whom I made that proposal. concern the duties of the Department of result that our dairy-cow population will As I stated a few days ago, I have an Agriculture, the State Department, and be greatly decreased in the next 2 or 3 amendment which I hope will bring the President, insofar as imports are years. The time may come when we about the desired result. I do not see concerned, when we have a support pro shall see inflationary prices of dairy much practical sense in this matter, but gram which has cost the Government a products as we have noted them in con so long as the question has arisen, I wish large amount of funds to maintain par nection with beef and mutton. the Senate to understand the back ity with reference to a commodity. All Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will ground of the amendment and also to we have to do is to examine the index the Senator from Washington yield?, understand clearly the motives of those prices of fats and oils, whether they be Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. who have submitted it. Surely by sec butter, tallow, lard, cottonseed oil, lin Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, the tion 104 there was no intention whatso seed oil, or any other oil, in order to know Senator from Minnesota indicated that ever to interfere with the theory of recip what the imports are from time to time, representatives of the Secretary of State rocal trade agreements or to do some so that we shall not on the one hand pay appeared in Minnesota. Did they advo thing which we would not suggest some out huge sums of money in support of a cate the repeal of section 104? other country with the same problem commodity, and on the other hand watch Mr. THYE. Mr. President, there was should do themselves. I do not under the imports pour into this country from stand how there could be any criticism only one reason why they mentioned sec of that. foreign nations which cannot find a de tion 104-in order to create public opin sirable market except in the United ion that would support the repeal of sec Again, let me point out to the Senate States for two reasons. One reason is tion 104. the preamble to GATr in Geneva, which that we have supported agricultural I read to the Senate at great length and Mr. FERGUSON. The Senator real discussed in the old Senate Chamber, commodities, and the other reason is izes, does he not, that that is a violation that our monetary unit is higher than which provides for the very proposal we of a criminal statute which prohibits are discussing. It was realized that that of most foreign countries. For any department or agency of Govern those reasons foreign producers find the some ~ountries had government-sup American market better than any other ment from issuing propaganda, or spend ported programs, and there had to be market in the world. Consequently, ing money for that purpose, which they some flexibility in order that they might they will ship commodities into the would have done in this case by going be protected, not by placing an embargo United States whenever we allow them to to Minnesota to advocate the repeal or on anything, but by adopting a reason do so. We now have a restrictive meas the passage of legislation. Not only able two-way street for exports and im ure that holds back unreasonable im should they be dealt with in the Appro ports. ports. priations Committee, but the Attorney Mr. WELKER. Mr. President- Mr. President, at the outbreak of General should take action under the Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield to the Sen World War II we were faced with the criminal law to prohibit the use of funds ator from Idaho. necessity of producing a food product appropriated by Congress for such a Mr. WELKER. I wish to thank my which would contain fats and oils and purpose as that mentioned by the Sen distinguished friend and colleague from at the same time would be nonperishable, ator from Minnesota. It is a violation my neighboring State of Washington for because there were not sufficient cold of the law. the learned and profound approach he storage facilities in England and else Mr. MAGNUSON. I do not know has taken to this matter. He is very well where where our troops were stationed. anything about that. informed upon a matter which is of seri At that time our dairy industry was en As I stated previously, the law expires ous import to the economy of the people couraged to expand its cheese produc on June 30, this year. The Senate has of my State of Idaho, and I wish to ask tion in order that we might produce a many important measures to consider, him a question. food which was high in oil content, high and we have spent a great deal of time I have noted in the debates that one of in protein, nonperishable, and capable with reference to the repeal of a section the farm organizations, the National 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 537 Farm Bureau Federation, has approved VIRGINIA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION illustrates the difficulty with this whole repeal of section 104. I have further RESOLUTION matter. Section 104 would not now be noted that many of the State Farm IMPORT CONTROLS OF DAIRY PRODUCTS under consideration, and the suggestion Bureau organizations a1~ e directly in op The dairy industry is one of the largest that section 22 should be amended would position to the position taken by the and most important of the Nation's agricul not have been brought before the Con national association. tural enterprises. The continued mainte nance of its present sound economic position gress, if prompt action could be had in Can my distinguished friend from these matters. But the experience of Washingfon enlighten the Senate upon is a matter of great concern, not only to the industry itself but to the Nation as a whole. everyone has been that it is not possible that matter? The importati9n of dairy· products on an to act promptly; that i~ is like locking Mr. MAGNUSON. Yes, I shall be glad unrestricted basis from foreign countries, the barn door after the horse has gone to do so. It is true that the National using low-cost labor, wotild prove disastrous and the damage has been done. r Farm Bureau Federation, at the national to our dairy industry. I suggested to the Secretary of State level, has sent a letter, which is in the We, therefore, urge that the reasonable safeguards designed to prevent the unre no longer ago than today that all the RECORD, suggesting the repeal of section misunderstanding about section 104 and 104. I may say to the Senator from stricted importation of butter, cheese, and other dairy products, as contained in section section 22 might be removed if there Idaho that that letter is somewhat simi 101 of the Defense Production Act, be were suggested a way whereby people lar to the letter which the President of retained. who might be injured by certain exports the United States sent to Congress. In its letter, the National Farm Bureau or Government departments which MINNESOTA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION I!light be injured, cou'd expeditiously Federation suggests that the main rea RESOLUTION get relief. son for the repeal is that there are other DAIRY methods and means of accomplishing Why cannot the President act what is sought to be accomplished by The Minnesota Farm Bureau Federation promptly? I have no doubt that the will fight against the proposed repeal of sec · President would wish to act promptly, section 104. I shall discuss those later. tion 104 of the Defense Production Act which If that were true, I should think there limits the importation of foreign-produced and he has so acted in some cases, but would be some merit to their suggesting fats, oils, butter, and ci:eese. by the time a request reaches the Presi repeal, although even then, as a practical dent for his approval or disapproval, the matter the merit would be meager, since damage has been done. That has been OKLAHOMA FARM BUREAU the experience. in any event the law is going to expire. To eliminate the necessity of increased But at the national level the Farm expenditures for price supports, be it re,. Some of the objections by opponents Bureau Federation did send a letter. It solved that our congressional delegation be of section 104 make much of this point. was not concurred in, I may say to my urged .to retain the existing restrictions on In its report, as I have pointed out, the distinguished friend from Idaho, by local the importation of edible oils, fats, and dairy committee contends that section 104 is State bureau federations. products until a workable legislation be not necessary, and they cite their rea I have here resolutions from the Farm enacted by Congress to protect our dairy sons for this conclusion. First, the com Bureau Federation of my own State of industry. mittee contends that section 22 of the Washington, the Tennessee Farm Bureau Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I Agricultural Adjustment Act creates Federation, the Tlirginia Farm Bureau understand there are several other State orderly machinery "to prevent undue Federation, the Minnesota Farm Bureau farm bureau organizations that have interference with price support and Federation, and the Oklahoma Farm Bu not acted, but they have not concurred other programs undertaken by the De reau Federation, which are components in the resolution of the national feder partment of Agriculture." of the National Farm Bureau. I ask ation. I am informed there are other Many Senators will recall that over that these resolutions be printed in the organizations to be heard from, among a period of months the junior Senator RECORD. them the National Grange. This organ from Oregon and I have carried on the There being no objection, the resolu ization has sent me a telegram, not re fight for the amendment. That is one tions were ordered to be printed in the garding section 104, but suggesting that of the reasons for this discussion. Orig RECORD, as follows: . we should have as permanent legislation inally in our amendment to section 22 WASHINGTON FARM BUREAU FEDERATION a section either clarifying section 22 to we sought to streamline the method of . RESOLUTION a greater extent or a section similar to operation. We did not succeed, but we SECTION 104 OF NATIONAL DEFENSE ACT it, with provisions similar to those of tried and have been trying for some We believe that repeal of that part of sec section 104, that might grant discretion time. We have tried to do it during tion 104 of the National Defense Act relating ary leeway in the matter of injurious the l;:tst four sessions of Congress. We to embargo on certain dairy products would imports. finally succeede i in getting the most be detrimental to our best interests by per Mr. President, in discussing this mat damaging provision of the section re mitting the importation of foreign dairy ter the othe:.: day, the Senator from vised, but to date Congress has not seen products at less than our support prices and Arkansas [Mr. FuLBRIGHT], reading the fit to accept the recommendations for Increasing the cost of our support program, streamlining · and simplifying the pro and bringing about a general weakening of letter from the President of the United our dairy markets; therefore we are in favor States recommending repeal of section cedures entailed in this section. of continuing that part of section 104 of 104, suggested that the Senator from Let me cite a single example. This is the Defense Production Act, as it now is. Washington apparently did not have one with which I had some personal ex confidence in the statement of the Presi perience-and it does not involve blue TENNESSEE FARM BUREAU FEDERATION dent of the United States, that if some cheese. RESOLUTION of the things anticipated happened, he In my State there is a very small nut . IMPORTATION OF FOREIGN BUTTER, CHEESE, would act promptly. industry which raises filberts and wal DAIRY PRODUCTS, FATS, AND OILS- As the Senator from Arkansas knows, nuts. It is not a very large industry, like Section 104 of the Defense Production Act I have great confidence in the President the southern soft-pecan industry, but of 1950, added by way of amendment on of the United States. I have had many there are a few farmers who supplement July 31, 1951, provides in substance that foreign butter, cheese, dairy products, fats occasions to express such confidence, some of their crops with nuts, particu and oils, peanuts, rice, and rice products may both politically and otherwise. I have larly filberts. Such production is also not be imported during the present fiscal year confidence that the President meant carried on in the State of Oregon. 1f the Secretary of Agriculture finds the im what he said in his letter. However, An application for relief was filed un ports would: (a) Impair or reduce domestic the trouble is that the President could der section 22, in September 1948. Three production; (b) interfere with orderly do not act promptly in this matter, even if years later, in December 1951, the case mestic storing; or ( c) result in unnecessary he wished to, and that is one reason for was finally decided in favor of the origi price support operations. • section 104. There is considerable sentiment fostered nal contention of the growers. Even un by t:qe State Department for the repeal of The committee report made much of der normal peacetime conditions such this amendment. the fact that there were other means tardy action would be excusable; but un We urge that any efforts for the repeal of by which to accomplish what is provided der the emergency conditions now ob this amendment, thereby permitting the im by section 104. I suspect that the Presi taining, of course. it could not be toler portation of these products, be most stren dent in his letter was indicative that he ated. We need sharper and more inci uously opposed. was rely upon those other means. That sive tools. 538 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 'January 28 I cite that case because it is a case of Mr. AIKEN. As I recall, that pro Mr. AIKEN. I am not sure that I which I had some personal knowledge, cedure was used back in 1939 frn.· the pur agree with the Senator from Washing I suppose I could stand here from now pose for which it was intended, and it ton that we should remove mandatory until tomorrow afternoon at 3 o'clock has not been used since for the purpose provisions in legislation, because that and recite instance after instance in which is intended by section 104. seems to be the only way, in some in which those who needed some relief, or Mr. MAGNUSON. That is correct. stances, to get the executive branch of at least thought they did, went through Mr. AIKEN. Under section 104 the the Government to carry out the intent the cumbersome, complex, and slow Secretary of Agriculture can determine of Congress. procedure of going to the Tariff Commis whether import quotas shall be raised Mr. MAGNUSON. I know that there sion. I think I am very close to correct or lowered. are those who wanted the provision to when I state that the average time re Mr. MAGNUSON. He can go either be mandatory~ but I say that my original quired on each case before the Tariff way. intention was not to hav.e it mandatory. Commission runs from 16 to 18 months. Mr. AIKEN. He is in a better position Mr. AIKEN. I agree that perhaps a By that time all the damage is done. than is the President to know the situ certain amount of discretion should be That length of time is consumed by the ation and to act promptly. I suppose permitted, but not too much discretion. procedure of the Tariff Commission the President relies to a considerable ex Mr. MAGNUSON. Among the rea- - alone. tent upon the advice of the State Depart sons for repeal which have been stated, Take the tuna situation. Every tuna ment. I believe that the Secretary of it is said that more flexible statutes are boat on the Pacific coast is idle, because Agriculture probably knows more about in effect to provide protection for the there is no duty on fresh or frozen tuna. what is going on in American agricul domestic industry. They are flexible, I know that sooner or later it will be de ture, and with respect to the needs of but they cannot provide any protection. cided to put a temporary duty on tuna agriculture and the threats to it, than It is pointed out that section 101 of the until we can work out some reciprocal do the State Department officials. Defense Production Act, section 22 of trade agreement with Japan and other Mr. MAGNUSON. I will say to the the Agricultural Adjustment Act, and countries, which we should do. Even Senator, if he was not present a few section 7 of the Trade Agreements Act those who ship the tuna into the United minutes ago, that the Department of would provide other means for accom States know that they are getting a free Agriculture is using the same type of plishing the desired purpose. I pointed ride. That situation has existed for 6¥2 provision, which is even broader, in the out two or three instances in wfiich it months. All the boats are idle. There Second War Powers Act, to do some of was impossible to obtain relief of a prac is no way to stop the importations, be these things. The Department of Ag tical nature. I stated that I could stand cause of the cumbersome procedure. So riculture issued an order the day before here until 3 o'clock tomorrow citing how can prompt action be taken? that provision expired because it felt illustrations. If I wanted to dig around, Mr. AIKEN. . Mr. President, will the that it was necessary to do so. I placed I know that I could find many applica Senator yield? the order in the RECORD. tions which have never been acted upon, Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, will and which have required a greater Mr. AIKEN. There is no case, is there, the Senator yield? length of time than the average referred in which section 22 has been used to re Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. to. Sometimes the reasons for r.equest strict the importation of commodities Mr. FULBRIGHT. As the Senator ing relief were not sufficient, but many which were coming in such quantities as knows, the Department of Agriculture times they were. Even in the cases to be injurious to American producers? believes, as was stated in a letter, and which have been decided, the decision As I understand, there has been no case also stated by the Secretary at a meet has usually come 2 years later than the during the past 10 or 12 years in which ing in the office of the Senator from In request. The Commission says, "Yes, section 22 has been used effectively. The diana [Mr. CAPEHART] on Saturday the request is well founded, and is Senator from Washington pointed out morning, that there is no discretion un granted." However, by that time the one case in which certain procedure was der the terms of this provision. damage has been done. A number of followed, but by the time the point was Mr. MAGNUSON. I pointed. that out. years ago we had a problem in connec reached when relief could· be granted, Mr. FULBRIGHT. It is entirely dif tion with shingles. I could cite many the emergency had passed. ferent from Public Law 590. other examples. Mr. MAGNUSON. I pointed that out. Mr. MAGNUSON. That is correct. The committee refers to the procedure The procedure in that case was under Mr. FULBRIGHT. I thought the Sen under section 22 as affording protection. he general provision in the tariff law ator said it was the same. It also contends that the procedure pro which allows the President to make a 50- Mr. MAGNUSON. I stated that I vided under section 7 of the Trade Agree percent ad valorem adjustment, up or considered the powers under Public Law ments Extension Act contains ample pro down. However, it is necessary to go 590 to be ev.en broader than those under tection. I know something about sec through a long and cumbersome proce section 104. tion 7, because it was adopted-at least Mr. FULBRIGHT. It is true that dure. I do not recaU any case under this authority is not as broad as the partially-because of the strong case section 22. other, but it is mandatory, and the which the junior Senator from Oregon Mr. AIKEN. I do not recall any case President must act. [Mr. MORSE] and I presented to the com in which it was used to decrease imports. Mr. MAGNUSON. I hope we shall mittee, and because of the impact of the As I recall, it was used in the case of not get into a discussion of that ques arguments in the Senate during the past long-staple cotton, when it was deemed tion. I stated earlier that there is no 4 years. advisable to increase imports. question that some have interpreted the Let us look at section 7 of the Trade Mr. MAGNUSON. Because of the language to mean that it is mandatory. Agreements Extension Act, under which need for more imports. Among those are the Secretary of Agri it is said that prompt action can be had. Mr. AIKEN. Yes. It has been used culture. I stated that, in the first place, Section 7 requires an application for re only for the purpose of admitting more I did not believe that it was mandatory. lief to be presented to the Tariff Com imports into this country. I stated that I thought it could b.e inter nnss10n. It provides that the Tariff Mr. MAGNUSON. I will say to the preted as not being mandatory. Sec Commission shall conduct an investiga distinguished Senator from Vermont ondly, after the bill was passed, I stated tion, and shall "make a report thereon that I do not know of any case in which that if there was any question as to not later than 1 year after the applica section 22 has been used to decrease im whether or not the provision was man tion is made, to determine whether any ports. Of course, even that procedure datory, it should be changed. I have product is being imported into the United was very cumbersome until we changed indicated to the State Department that States in such increased quantities as it last June. I would be glad to submit an amendment to cmise or threaten serious injury to Mr. AIKEN. That is correct. to make crystal ciear what was meant, the domestic industry producing like or Mr. MAGNUSON. Even now it is not but that suggestion was not accepted. competitive products." That inclwJ.es expeditious enough to handle some of the Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the everything. I know of no case that has conditions which we know are going to Senator yield? been decided in less than a year. By happen with the revival of world trade. Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. that time the damage is done.
I 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 539 That procedure might be all right in talked to any blue cheese manufacturers. next step, I suppose, would be to have no the case of some manufactured products, I never knew that they existed, so far imports at all. If that is what the Sena but i ~ does not work in connection with as this bill is concerned. I believe that tor from Washington wants to have agricultural products, particularly per point was brought up last week. Several done, I do not know why he does not jus ishable products; and it does not work people have talked to me about the re tify his argument on that basis. How in connection with a Government-sup peal of section 104, but they have not ever, to pretend to be in favor of some ported program. It does not work with been cheese manufacturers. trade and, on the other hand, try to reference to the dairy industry. Cows Mr. FULBRIGHT. Then it is a coin knock it out with this kind of arbitrary must be milked. We can make alloca cidence. However, the only people who bill seems tC' me to be entirely incon tions in the case of wheat, but a fruit made a substantial case before the com sistent. tree or dairy animal fo there; one either mittee were the blue cheese manufac Mr. MAGNUSON. The Senator from gets rid of it or it produces. A year is turers. The hearings of the committee Arkansas may think it is inconsistent, too late in most of such cases. are available. but it is not inconsistent at all. It is not Mr ..FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, will Mr. MAGNUEON. I do not wish to arbitrary. It does not knock out the the Senator yield? get into a discussion of that subject. It trade at all. The only possible effect it Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. is not correct to say that the blue cheese could have is an effect on a very small Mr. FULBRIGHT. What does the manufacturers are the only ones who are percentage of imports, of which dairy Senator think about the over-all situa· interested in the bill. All kinds of peo products happen to be one item, and tion, under which we export approxi ple are interested in the bill. The rea then only when imports would injure our mately two and one-half times the son that a great number of people did own program. amount of dairy products that we im not appear was because no one believed . Mr. FULBRIGHT. I agree exactly. port? Is the Senator from Washington that the Unitecl States Senate or Con That is the very thing that disturbs other willing to jeopardize the favorable bal gress would spend a couple of weeks on countries. They can not help but think ance we have in that respect in order to a bill, the provisions of which would ex that if we are so arbitrary over small take care of a small segment of an in pire in 2 or 3 months. items, goodness knows what we will be dustry, or does he have no interest in Mr. FULBRIGHT. I do not know why like over something that is really import the over-all import-export situation? they should not believe it. The major ant. It is indicative of an attitude: "We Mr. MAGNUSON. The Senator from ity leader, at the close of the last session, are not going to permit you to sell any Arkansas knows that we have an inter positively promised that the bill would thing in this country which has even a est in the over-all export-import situa be taken up. tiny effect on our imports, and even if tion. I believe it is a very good thing, Mr. MAGNUSON. That was after the only the interests of 20 manufacturers but section 104 is not going t_o hurt it. hearings had been held. of blue cheese out of the total population Mr. FULBRIGHT. Is it the Senator's Mr. FULBRIGHT. The measure was of 150,000,000 people is involved. We are interest only that we export, and per of sufficient importance, nevertheless, or not going to stand for it." mit no imports to come in? Does the the majority leader would not have Mr. MAGNUSON. The Senator from Senator think that that is the proper agreed to bring it up. I am sure the Sen Arkansas and I are in complete dis way to approach the situation? ator from Washington agrees that the agreement on that point. We have dis Mr. MAGNUSON. The Senator from majority leader would not bring up any cussed it many times. Section 104 does Arkansas knows that I do not think so. thing that was not of importance. It is not have that effect at all. Wt will have Mr. FULBRIGHT. I see no other a very important measure. It deals just as much export-import trade even conclusion that can be reached. with a principle which has already if the Government should exercise its Mr. MAGNUSON. Section 104 does stirred up .10 countries-10 sm;:tll coun authority under the section, except with · not prohibit imports, except when cer tries, it is true-who will have to accept respect to small amounts, which might tain things happen. Then the percent the result, if we want to be so greedy as mean the wrecking of a Government age can be moved up or down, 1 percent to exclude imports while at the same supported program and breaking a mar or 10 percent. The Senator from Ar time try to sell them something. We can ket. I believe we should protect our kansas and I have been Members of both do it, of cour ~ e . if 7ve want to do it. selves to that extent. Houses for approximately the same num Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I did We have been very liberal and gener ber of years. I have been just as strong not yield to the Senator from Arkansas ous in making trade pacts with other na in advocating reciprocal trade agree for extensive remarks. He has already tions. I do not think they have anything ments as he has been. Section 104 does spoken on the subject. I do not think we to complain about. Sometimes I believe not stop imports. It applies only when are being greedy. I do not think we are that we should have been more restric we are being injured or when we are trying to restrict the bulk of our imports. tive along certain lines. The application involved in an emergency. It does not That is not the situation at all. I am of section 104 would involve only a hurt the trade balance. The foreign trying to point out why the other pro small percentage of the imports. Ap countries are going to buy just as much. cedures are not available, desirable, or parently it happened with respect to Mr . FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, will practicable. cheese. I did not know about it. the Senator yield further? Mr. I"ULBRIGHT. If the Senator Mr. FULBRIGHT. That is the only Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. from Washington will yield further, I reason that the subject came up. Mr. FULBRIGHT. The Senator from should like to say that the Senator from Mr. MAGNUSON. I said apparently Washington knows that under section Washington persists in interpreting sec it did, although I do not know anything 104, as it is presently applied, the total tion 104 directly opposite to the way it about it. amount of foreign cheese which is being is being interpreted by the executive Apparently this is the only time that permitted to come into the country-- branch. If he wishes to do so, it is per there has been an application of the Mr. MAGNUSON. I do not want to fectly all right with me. However, the. provisions of section 104, although the get into the subject of cheese. effect of section 104 is mandatory. It Department of Agriculture, just prior to Mr. FULBRIGHT. That is the only provides for a mandatory of cheese above the expiration of Public Law 590, exer item that is involved in section 104. No a certain amount, which is less than the cised its provisions on several items. one else has made any complaint about amount we imported prior to World War There was no compfaJnt made then. it, except cheese manufacturers. II. Imports are now running about 52,- Mr. FULBRIGHT. Public Law 590 Mr . MAGNUSON. What does the 000,000 pounds. They were running at had a reasonable basis for applying re Senator from Arkansas mean about com approximately 60,000,000 pounds in plaint ? What kind of complaint? 1939. Our own production has almost strictions. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Against the bill to doubled in that time. In fact, I believe Mr. MAGNUSON. It stopped imports. repeal section 104. The only people who it has more than doubled in that time, Mr. FULBRIGHT. It had a reason made any substantial arguments against and our per-capita consumption has able basis. it were representatives of blue cheese more than doubled. The imports Mr. MAGNUSON. What is the dif manufacturers. amount to less than 5 percent of the to ference? Mr. MAGNUSON. The Senator from tal. When the Senator from Washing Mr. FULBRIGHT. There is a great Arkansas must be mistaken. I never ton says we are not being greedy, the difference. 540 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 28 Mr. MAGNUSON. The release of July from the dairy cow, as compared to connection with the price-support pro 29, 1951, just prior to the expkation of cheese, I do not see how the Senator gram. Public Law 590, stated that there were thinks he is really promoting the welfare To answer the Senator's question di certain imports coming in which were of the dairy industry when, in order rectly, let me say that I do not think injurious to our trade under the terms to protect a very small segment of that such a restriction on those importations of Public Law 590. Therefore, a certain industry, which in this case is primarily will ruin those countries. I have al small amount of the trade was stopped, the blue cheese manufacturers, he is ready pointed out that 8 or 10 of the but that small portion may have meant willing to jeopardize the entire foreign countries which have protested in con the wrecking of the market and jeopard trade in dairy products. nection with this matter have similar izing our support programs. The order Those who are epgaged in the dairy restrictions which I think they can apply was put into effect approximately 14 industry profit substantially by means if need be. hours before the act expired. of the foreign trade in dairy products, Mr. FULBRIGHT. But they are not 1 Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the because the exports far exceed the im the same. Senator yield? ports. However, when one becomes Mr. MAGNUSON. I said they are sim- Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. overly greedy in regard to a matter such ilar. · I Mr. AIKEN. The Senator from Ar as this one, I think the effect is to injure Mr. FULBRIGHT. Yes; in just the kansas [Mr. FuLBRIGHTJ referred to some himself. For instance, if I may say same way that this section is similar to proponents of section 104 who are mak so, in my opinion that is what has hap Public Law 590-but they are just as ing a great fuss over some little thing, pened in the case of butter. The price different as night and day. and wondered what might happen if a of butter has been brought up to $1 Mr. MAGNUSON. They are not the big matter came up. Am I right in un a pound, with the result that many poor same. derstanding that the dairy industry is the people who cannot affort to pay such a Mr. FULBRIGHT. No; and they do largest industry in the United States and price are now buying margarine, instead not have the same effect. accounts for approximately 20 percent of of butter. Mr. MAGNUSON. For instance, I the total agricultural income of the In this case, it is not a question of know a little Danish, and I assume that United States? I am referring both to retaliation; but the foreign countries there may be a little difference in effect milk and its byproducts and to beef, affected simply will not be able to pur between the English and the Danish which we get from the dairy herds. chase the other dairy products which versions, as a result of the translation. Roughly 20 percent of the total agricul balance the trade if they are unable to Mr. FULBRIGHT. ·Of course, as the tural income comes from the dairy in send their specialty cheeses to the United Senator has said, section 104 and Public dustry in the United States. We know States. There!ore, I think the United Law 590 are similar, but in reality they that the reason the farmers resorted to States dairy industry would be worse are very different. the production of cheese so extensively off in the long run if these importa Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the was largely to utilize the surplus milk tions were prohibited than if the foreign Senator from Washington yield to me? which inevitably is produced between countries were permitted to export to Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. March and July of each year if we are to the United States small amounts of their Mr. AIKEN. I should like to point out be sure of having sufficient fluid milk for specialty cheeses, which in the long run that the Sendor from Arkansas is im the consumers during the fall and the are not competitive. plying diversionary tactics when he says early winter months. Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, the that such imports will affect our ex So cheese is not a small item; it is one Senator from Arkansas gets back to the ports. The United States does export which affects the economy of approxi subject of cheeses, and I do not know dairy products, but the major amounts mately half the farm population of the anything about them. of them go to countries on which we are United States. The cheese itself may be Mr. FULBRIGHT. If the Senator dependent for our supplies of fibers, cof considered a byproduct; but if it were from Washington does not know any fee, sugar, certain amounts of drugs, not for that byproduct, which furnishes thing about cheeses, there is no use in and similar articles. an outlet for the surplus milk produc discussing them in connection with this We have been exporting more to tion in the spring and early summer bill. Let us not discuss nuts in connec Western Europe than we have been im months, we would find that either we tion with this bill, for nuts are not af porting from Western Europe in the would not have sufficient fluid milk for fected at all by it. form of dairy products, but we have consumption during the fall or else we Mr. MAGNUSON. Blue cheese is sim been making contributions of those com would have to resort to Government sub ply an incident in connection with the modities to Western Europe. Certainly sidies and other things of equally un entire problem. I do not wish to enter we cannot consider that we have normal desirable nature. into a discussion of cheeses, because I trade with those countries, when in the Mr. MAGNUSON. I know the Senator know nothing about the specialty cheeses United States the Government buys but from Vermont is much more familiar or the imports of such cheeses or what ter for 67 cents a pound and then sells with agricultural matters than I am. those imports mean to the economy of it to Italy for 15 cents a pound. We can Mr. AIKEN. More people are depend the foreign countries. not consider that normal trade exists ent on dairying than on any other agri I am sure that if we reduce by 2 per when the Government pays from 13 to cultural industry and possibly any other cent the amount of those cheeses which 14 cents a pound for powdered skim industry in the United States. they would like to export, the result will milk, or nonfat milk, which I believe is Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, will not break the economy of those 10 coun the term preferred in this country, and the Senator from Washington yield, to tries, for in that case they will still be then resells it to the lowland countries permit me to make an observation on able to export 90 percent, instead of 100 of Europe f-Or 4 or 5 cents a pound. That that point? percent, of the amount of blue cheese is a contribution; it is not a normal The PRESIDING OFFICER 546 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 28 Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I from the Santa Margarita River," Judge Not mentioned by you is the fact that were also ask unanimous consent to have Weinberger likewise declared: "It appears 1t not for the stipu'a'"ed judgment the stream to the court that defendants are in a posi would be virtually dry during the entire ir printed in the RECORD a copy of the letter tion to know * * • (if they are using rigation season. So great are the demands from Mr. Veeder to the Saturday Eve the waters of the Santa Margarita River) of the ~:ail Estate on the very meager sup ning Post. • • * ." ply of water available from the Santa Mar There being no objection, the letter Thus, when you charge, as you do, that garita River that it could take and utilize was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the United States is taking from the claim the entire summer flow. By reason, however, as follows: ants their rights to use water or is seeking of its obligation under the stipulated judg to prevent them from pumping from their ment, waters throughout the irrigation season DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, W ashin gton , D . C., January 11, 1952. wells, you have assumed the presumptuous are released by the Vail Estate. Those waters position of denying the specific rulings of Mr. BEN HIBBS, released for the United States are now being Editor, the Satur day Ev eni ng Post, the two of California's most eminetit jurists. encroached upon by users who never have Curti s Publishing Co., Philadelphi a, Continuing in the same incorrect vein, previously asserted any legal rights in the your article states: "* * •. if the Federal Santa Margarita River. Most serious en P a. DEAR MR. HIBBS: This will refer to the ar Government can, by sovereign authority, croachment of all is that of the Fallbrook take California water, then it might, by the ticle appearing in the January 5, 1952, issue Public Utility District. That district in 1933 of the Sat urday Evening Post relating to the same reasoning and authority, take anything was gratuitously allowed, pursuant to a re anywhere." That specious statement is like case entitled Unit ed States of Ameri ca v. vocable license, by the Rancho Santa Mar wise refuted by Judge Yankwich: "I find garita and the Vail Estate, to take from the Fallbrook Pu bli c Uti li ty D istri ct, et al., in the District Court of the United States for the nothing in this complaint which asserts any Santa Margarita River a minuscule quantity Southern District of California, southern right to this water in the United States of water solely for domestic purposes. When division. In keeping with the falsehoods it because it is the Government of the the United States succeeded to the rights of contains, you h ave designated that art icle United States. It is asserting its right the Rancho Santa Margarita it continued to The Government's Big Grab. The irre merely as owner of the Santa Margarita allow that diversion, terminating it July 31, sponsible and malicious untruths set forth R ancho, * * • ." At no time has the 1948, when the district attempted to over United States claimed greater rights by rea in it will be reviewed in some detail. Prior reach its license. Now the Fallbrook Public to that review, however, the most malevolent son of its sovereignty than it purchased and . ,Utility District has initiated claims totaling aspect of the article will be pointed out. paid for, and the excerpt last quoted from in excess of 30,000 acre-feet of water. To term the litigation a "grab" is to chal the record of the court in this case con The United States and the Vail Estate lenge the int egrity of the United States court tradicts your statement. have, by stipulation, resolved all differences of the Southern District of California, south Similarly, you seek to pervert the meaning in this litigation. Both parties recognize ern division. Thus the evil falsehoods which oI the word "paramount" as used in this and abide by the stipulation. Your effort the article contains m ay not go unchal litigation. You pursue that course although to make it appear that others than the few lenged. For no Federal Court would ent er long prior to the publication of the article very small farmers in the extremely narrow tain a suit of the character which you de the court had established the meaning of valley of the Santa Margarita River between scribe. There is no court in this Nation the word in the present cause. Alluding the Vail Estate and the Rancho Santa Mar which would permit its process to be utilized a gain to Judge Yankwich on the sub garita, have historically used water from that to confiscate vested rights. Irrespective of ject: " * * * I point to the fact that stream represents another example of studied the great prestige of the court in which thls this complaint could not have been drawn departure from fact. cause is pending, you assert that its vast in any ot her form • . It As pointed out, the only water the Rancho powers have been invoked to order land [the Unit ed States of America] is asserting Santa Margarita allowed the Fall brook Public owners to desist from using water from their its right merely as owner of the Santa Mar Utility District was minuscule in quantity wells. That assertion is branded here and garita Rancho, and the only reason it is and pursuant to a revocable license. now as a deliberate falsehood. No order of using the word paramount is because that Fallacious, likewise, is the assertion that that character was or ever could be entered word has been accepted as expressing the there are 14,000 defendants in this litigation. 1n this litigation. superiority of the right of the riparian There have been approximately 1,750 de This suit was initiated at the request of the owner to the rights of others." Continuing, fendants served, not an excessive number in Department of the Navy to have the title Judge Yankwich summed up respecting the the light of such litigation in the West. The of the United States of America quieted to its use of the word to which you seek to at exact number which will be served is not vested rights in the Santa Margarita River. tribute a sinister connotation: "* • • known, for changes in title necessitate nu Here let it be said that the rights asserted you cannot draw a complaint asserting merous changes in the parties named. The by the United States in this litigation are rights unless you claim that your right is assertion that there are 14,000 defendants is no greater than those which it purchased. paramount, that it is superior and exclusive absolutely false. Those invaluable rights were acquired some of others * * • ." Pertinent here is the A fair report would have distinguished be 10 years ago by the United States from the fact that the term "paramount" as used in tween the claimants to small quantities of Rancho Santa Margarita. Very properly the the complaint in the case is taken directly water and the Fallbrook Public Utility Dis Department of the Navy wished to protect from decisions of the Supreme Court of the trict which proposes to divert a large quan those rights, which it purchased and for State of California dating back to 1884. tity of water out of the watershed of the which it paid a huge sum, against present Finally, in regard to the words "sovereign" Santa Margarita River. and threatening encroachments. Failure to and "paramount" the United States and Omitted from your article is the fact that protect those rights would have been a dere the St ate of California have stipulated-a from the outset it has been the proposal of liction of duty. To adjudicate them it is stipulation now before the court embodying the United States to relieve the small claim essential to have before the court all of the an offer made by the United States in May ant of costs by first trying out the principal claimants to water from the stream in ques of 1951: issues against the large claimants. A mo tion. Each claimant to water from the "In this cause, the United States of Amer tion is now before the court in which the Santa Margarita River will have his rights ica claims only such rights to the use of United States requests a separate trial determined as they relate to all others on water as it acquired when it purchased the against the State of California, the Fallbrook the stream. No one will be, or could be, Rancho Santa Margarita • • · • . Public Utility District, and two other deprived of his rights by the action. When "The United States of America claims by claimants. the final decree is entered by the court it reason of its sovereign status no right to the u se of a greater quantity of water than (that Though you refer to comments respecting will reflect for the first time in history the the powers of the Congress of the United status of the rights of each claimant to water, stated above l • • * ." Those two provisions were introduced in States over the property in question, you including t he United States, from the Santa avoid the most salient feature of that matter. Margarita River. the F'";:'.)ulation by this clause: "the word •paramount' is used in the same sense in Exclusive jurisdiction was ceded to the Judge Weinberger, on May 9, 1951, speak United States by the State of California. ing for the record-a record concerning which that word is used in the opinion of the Supreme Court of California Thus, predicated upon principles of con which your authors had knowledge-in a stitutional law which are not subject to most careful analysis of the action, declared: in the case of P eabody v. Vallejo • * .'' question, there resides in Congress the sole "* • * the complaint sets forth that the From the specific declarations of the power to administer the property involved. Government is seeking to have its rights judges who have presided in this case to date; From the court record this statement is declared and the title quieted to those rights, from the stipulation last cited, from which taken: "We claim exclusive jurisdiction as they relat e to the use of water in the the last quotations were taken, it is manifest the Congress of the United States that the public has been misled. Your Santa Margarita River an d its tributaries.'' alone has authority to enact laws relat ing On August 15, 1951, Judge Yankwich, again st atement that this case could be a pattern for confiscation is thus disclosed to be ut to it [the rights involved]. That doesn't for the record, stated: "* * * it is give us any water above and beyond that merely a suit to declare the rights of the terly absurd. Government under the ripar ian law of the Your dissimulation respecting the stipu which we purchased and we claim none State of California.'' Respecting the prayer lated judgment between the United States • • * ." Let it be emphasized that there of the United States that all defend ants "set of America and t he Vail Estat e does n ot diff er is no conflict between the United States and up fully their claims to the u se of wat er m aterially from the rest of your article. the State of California. The sole question 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 54~ between the two sovereigns is the character August 15, 1951, refutes your untrue and out the prov1s1on o! these resolutions and and scope of the cession in question. inaccurate reports of the matter. that the necessary expenses in connection Two other aspects of your article bear Your spurious article has caused wide therewith be paid out of the contingent fund response: You refer to an alleged agreement spread concern among the citizens of this of the House. supposedly entered into between the Depart country. If your article were true every Resolved, That the Clerk communicate ment of the Navy and the Fallbrook Public American would be justifiably alarmed. In these resolutions to the Senate and transmit Utility District. fairness to the public, which is entitled to a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. There was never such an agreement. Fail the truth in this matter, you are obliged to Resolved, That as a further mark· of re ure to consummate the proposal, pursuant publish this letter. spect the House do now adjourn. to which the Fallbrook Public Utility Dis Sincerely, trict would b_e accorded a preferential status WILLIAM H. VEEDER, Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, I sub over others equally desirous of particip~t Special Assistant to the Attorney General. mit the resolution, which I send to the ing in any division of the rights to the use desk and ask unanimous consent for its of water which the United States purchased EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED present consideration. and paid for, may not be ascribed to the De The PRESIDING OFFICER. The partment of Justice. Requested legal ad As in executive session, resolution will be read. vice, premised upon known facts, was given The PRESIDING OFFICER Puerto Rico, to Col. Kenneth E. Fields, 018957, Army of California to hear, determine, and render be United States district judge for the dis the United States (lieutenant colonel, U. S. judgment upon the claim of Bernard R. trict of Puerto Rico vice Thomas H. Roberts, Army). Novak; resigned. H. R. 2072. An act for the relief of J ere UNITED STATES ATl'ORNEYS miah Coleman; H. R. 2505. An act for the relief of Carl James A. von der Heydt, of Alaska, to be CONFIRMATION United States attorney for division No. 2, Weitlanner; district of Alaska. He is now serving under Executive nomination confirmed by H. R. 2589. An act for the relief , of Sor a recess appointment. the Senate January 28 (legislative day Matilde Sotelo Fernandez, Sor Virtudes Gar Edwin Langley, of Oklahoma, to be United of January 10), 1952: cia Garcia, and Sor Amalia Gonzalez Gon States attorney for the eastern district of zalez; Oklahoma vice Cleon A. Summers, retired. COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS H. R. 2662. An act for the relief of Mrs. Edward C. Boyle, of Pennsylvania, to be V. Allan Hubbard, of Chaffee, Mo., to be Thelma A. Nolen; United States attorney for the western dis collector of customs for customs collection H. R. 3006. An act for the relief of the trict of Pennsylvania . He is now serving district No. 45, with headquarters at St. Louis, Antonio Corrao Corp.; under a recess appointment. Mo., to fill an existing vacancy. H. R. 3137. An act t·or the relief of 0 . L. Harley A. Miller, of Puerto Rico, to be Osteen; United States attorney for the district of H. R. 3946. An act for the relief of Master Puerto Rico. He is now serving under a Sgt. Orval Bennett; recess appointment. H . R. 4228. An act for the relief of Mrs. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Lorene M. Williams; UNITED STATES MARSHALS H . R. 4318. An act for the relief of Allen Sidney J. Thompson, of Alaska, to be MONDAY, JANUARY 28, 1952 W. Spangler; United States marshal for division No. 1, H . R. 4671. An act for the relief of Mark district of Alaska. He is now serving under The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Paul Crowley; and a recess appointment. The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, H. R. 4876. An act for the relief of Fran-· A. Roy Ashley, of South Carolina, to be D . D., offered the following prayer: cesco Fratalia. United States marshal for the western dis· trict of South Carolina. He is now serving O Thou who hast made Thyself known The message also announced that the in this office under an appoint ment which as our Father and the guiding intelli Senate had passed, with amendments in expired July 21, 1951. gence in the life of all mankind, we which the concurrence of the House is