Allen County, IN Local Emergency Planning Committee Commodity Flow Study 2014

www.nilessafetyservices.com 284 West 1050 North Chesterton, IN 46304 (219)764-3090 Allen County Local Emergency Planning Committee COMMODITY FLOW STUDY

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPRCA) establishes requirements for Federal, State, local governments, Indian Tribes, and industry regarding emergency planning and “Community Right-to Know” reporting on hazardous and toxic chemicals. In 1986, EPCRA was passed by Congress to assist communities planning for emergencies involving hazardous substances. EPRCA Sections 301 and 303 require every community in the United States be part of a comprehensive emergency response plan. In 1993 the State of implemented the EPRCA planning process with the passing of Indiana Code Title 13 Article 25 - HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES.

The Indiana Emergency Response Commission (IERC) serves as the administrative body for this statute at a State level. On a local level the Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPC) serve the counties in Indiana by working to understand chemical hazards in their communities, developing emergency response plans in case of an accidental releases, and looking for ways to prevent chemical accidents. Under Indiana Code 13-25-2-5 the LEPC is responsible for developing and implementing comprehensive emergency response plans. The process for developing these plans include conducting various hazard analysis and risk assessment studies.

The purpose of this Commodity Flow Study is two-fold, first it is intended to meet the requirements set forth in IC 13-25-2-5(c)(1)(b) where the LEPC is charged with identifying “routes likely to be used for the transportation of substances on the list of extremely hazardous substances”. Secondly, this study is the beginning of the Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) process as defined in the National Mitigation Framework and outlined in FEMA’s National Preparedness System. The data gathered will be used by the LEPC to establish a general understanding of the hazards associated with the transportation of hazardous substances as they are transported throughout Allen County.

1.2 AREA OF FOCUS

This commodity flow study consisted of three parts, a highway placard survey, mapping of major highway transportation routes and identification of intersections were accidents occur most frequently. The highway commodity flow focused on the trends and patterns of hazardous materials transported on Allen County’s major highways including Federal and State Highways subject to transportation of hazardous cargo. This study is not intended to be an exhaustive examination into the transportation of hazardous substances in Allen County, instead it was intended to provide preliminary data for use by the LEPC in identifying which transportation methods warranted further planning efforts.

1.3 DESCRIPTION OF ALLEN COUNTY

Allen County, Indiana is located in the northeast corner of Indiana, with its eastern-most border on the Indiana – Ohio state line. At 660 square miles, Allen County is the largest county in Indiana in terms of area. The City of is the county seat and is the second largest city in Indiana. Allen County is home to 355,329 Hoosiers and has a population density of 545 people per square mile, this makes Allen the third largest county in Indiana in terms of population. Allen County is similar to most other Indiana counties in terms of its diverse landscape, Allen is a mixture of urban and rural areas and the county population is split 88% urban, 12% rural. Allen County is geopolitically divided into Figure 1 - Allen County three cities, five towns, and twenty townships. Image via IN.gov

Two major highways dissect Allen County, (north and south) and US 30 (east and west). In addition to the federal highways, State Highways 24, 27, 3 and 33 all run through the county. The county also has the Interstate-469 bypass which creates a circular hub to which the various highways connect. Allen County, IN is also home to the 2 airports, Fort Wayne International and . There are two railroads running in Allen County, CSX and Chicago Fort Wayne and Eastern, and one active natural gas pipeline operated by Public Service Company (NIPSCO).

The United States Department of Defense operates the 122nd Fighter Wing of the Indiana Air National Guard in Allen County near the south end of Fort Wayne International Airport and the Army National Guard on the north side of Fort Wayne.

Allen County has a diversified economy including manufacturing, defense and security, healthcare, insurance, and agriculture. In 2014, Forbes ranked the Fort Wayne metropolitan area 92nd on its list of 200 metropolitan areas in the "Best Places for Business and Careers" report1. Individually, Fort Wayne was ranked 9th in cost of doing business (Badenhausen, 2014).

Allen County, IN is within a 200-mile (320 km) radius of major population centers, including Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Detroit, , Louisville, Milwaukee, and Ontario, Canada. More than half of the continental United States is within a 2-day drive of Allen County, and approximately 50 percent of all U.S. markets are within a one-day drive.

Many transportation, distribution, and logistics companies call Allen County home due to it’s unique location and access to highways. Allen County hosts two major interstates, 4 U.S. highways, and 7 state roads that cross the county. Easy access to I-80/90 to the north and I-75 to the east is also available.

1 Badenhausen, K. Best Places for Business. Retrieved from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com

Figure 2 Fort Wayne Area Highway Systems

1.3.1 Climate The climate of Allen County, IN is influenced by Lake Michigan and to a lesser extent Lake Erie. Temperature differences between daily highs and lows average about 20. The average occurrence of the last freeze in the spring is late April and the first freeze in the autumn in mid- October. Annual precipitation is well distributed with somewhat larger amounts in late spring and early summer. Except for considerable cloudiness during the winter months, sunshine averages about 75%.

1.3.1.1 Thunderstorms There in an average of 39 thunderstorm days per year at Fort Wayne with most occurring from May to August. There are around 10 days with severe weather in the Fort Wayne area per year. Winter thunderstorms occur about twice per year. Measurable precipitation typically falls on 132 days of the year. Mid-winter through early spring is the wettest time of year, with autumn the driest.

1.3.1.2 Tornadoes Tornadoes are not common in Allen County. Funnel clouds are sighted more regularly, and cold air funnels are not unusual in the spring and fall. Most tornadoes produce F0 to F1 damage with more devastating types rare. Northeast Indiana was affected by both the 1965 Palm Sunday Outbreak and the 1974 Super Outbreak.

1.3.1.3 Winter Weather Snowfall averages 32.4" per year in Allen County, IN. Six inch or greater snowfalls usually only occur once per season. Lake effect snows from Lake Michigan rarely exceed 4" in northeast Indiana. Lake effect snows from Lake Erie are very rare. The greatest 24-hour snowfall was 13.6" March 9-10, 1964. The most likely month for heavy snow is January. The latest snow fell May 10, 1945 and May 10, 1960, and the earliest snow fell September 25, 1942. Typically the last snow of the season is in mid-April with the first snow of the autumn around the first of November. 1981-82 was the snowiest season with 81.2", while the least snowy was 1932-33 with 8.3". Snow depth on the ground at any one time rarely exceeds 10". Freezing precipitation events are not uncommon but major storms are usually several years apart.

1.3.1.4 Dense Fog Dense fog is most common in the spring when warm air masses ride over melting snowpack. 1.3.1.5 High Winds High winds exceed 50 mph once or twice a year. The winds are usually associated with strong low pressure systems moving across the Great Lakes or up the Ohio River Valley. The highest wind gust on record is 69 mph January 10, 1975. Prevailing wind for the year is 9.9mph from the southwest.

1.3.1.6 Heat The average July temperature is 74.0. The all-time high is 106 June 25, 1988 and July 22, 1934. The all-time August high is 101 and in September it's 100. There is an average of 3.8 days equal to or above 90 in June, 6.1 in July, and 4.0 in August.

1.3.1.7 Cold Winter temperatures reach their low in January with the average 22.9. Daytime highs average 30.4 and lows 15.3. Heating degree days average 6273 per season. The coldest temperature officially recorded is -24 January 12, 1918. The coldest day on record is January 20, 1985 with a low of -22 and a high of -11.

1.3.1.8 Flash Floods Flash floods and urban and small stream floods are not uncommon in late spring and summer. Serious flash floods are rare. The all-time calendar day rainfall record is 4.93" August 1, 1926.

1.3.1.9 Floods Flooding occurs several times per year in Allen County, IN rivers, but dangerously high floods that cause major damage and threats to life are not yearly events. The highest stage of the Maumee River at Fort Wayne was 26.1 feet in March 1913, second highest was 25.9 feet in March 1982. Since 1990 the highest has been 23.9 feet January 1, 1991.

U.S. Climate Data. (2014, December 30). U.S. Climate Data Fort Wayne, IN. Retrieved from U.S. Climate Data: http://www.usclimatedata.com/map.php?location=USIN0211

1.4 TERRAIN Allen County, IN’s terrain is generally level south and east of the city. Southwest and west the terrain is somewhat rolling, while to the northwest and north it becomes quite hilly. The general elevation of Allen County is approximately 7902 (U.S. Climate Data, 2014) feet above mean sea level. (NOAA, 2014). The City of Fort Wayne is built at the confluence of the St. Joseph River, St. Mary’s River, and Maumee River. Allen County has no significant bulk transportation via waterway.

2 REFERENCES

Badenhausen, K. (2014, December 30). Best Places for Business. Retrieved from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/best-places-for- business/#page:1_sort:0_direction:asc_search:_filter:Indiana

NOAA. (2014, December 30). National Weather Service Forcast for Northeast Indiana. Retrieved from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/iwx/CLI/FWA/history/climatedescription.php

U.S. Climate Data. (2014, December 30 ). U.S. Climate Data Fort Wayne, IN. Retrieved from U.S. Climate Data: http://www.usclimatedata.com/map.php?location=USIN0211

U.S.Census Bureau. (2014, December 30). State & County QuickFacts. Retrieved from U.S. Census Bureau: http://www.census.gov/

3. The Study The intent of this Commodity Flow Study is to give a representation of the Hazardous Materials travelling thru Allen County in a form usable by the community for targeted emergency preparedness activities. In planning meetings it was determined that the most unpredictable and heavily used form of hazardous materials transportation was Allen County roadways, and that this threat would receive the intensity of the study. 3.1. Primary Roadways It was determined thru intuitional and empirical data that three primary roadways supply Allen County with hazardous materials. I-69 connects Allen County to Indianapolis from the South, and Lansing, MI from the North. US-30 connect Allen County to Chicago from the West and Lima, OH and Columbus, OH from the East. US-24 connects Allen County to Peoria, IL from the West and Toledo, OH from the East. It is these six primary roadways that were chosen for two hour DOT placard surveys. (See chart)

3.2 Accident Data Using information from Northeastern Indiana Regional Coordinating Council (NIRCC), surveyors were able to locate the most active intersections in Allen County for Motor Vehicle Accidents. These intersections were then cross referenced with primary roadway locations. Surveyors then chose 5 locations of high motor vehicle accident frequency, which also connected primary roadways, to conduct the next level of DOT placard surveys. (See Charts) 1. The intersection of Spy Run Ave. and East State connects I-69 from the North to US-27 and I-69 from the South. Spy Run & East State

50% 50%

#2 #3 Gases Flammable & Combustible Liquids

2. The intersection of North Clinton and West state connects US-27 and I-69 from the South to I-69 from the North. Spy Run & East State

50% 50%

#2 #3 Gases Flammable & Combustible Liquids

3. The intersection of Coliseum Blvd. and Coldwater Rd. connects I-69 from the North to US-30 from the West and US-24 and US-30 from the East. Coldwater Road & East Coliseum

25%

50%

13%

12%

#2 #4 #6 #8 Gases Flammable Solids Poison Corrosives

4. The intersection of Lafayette St. and Jefferson Ave. connects US-24 from the West to US-27 and I-69 from the South.

East Jefferson Blvd & Lafayette St

20%

80%

#2 #3 Gases Flammable & Combustible Liquids

5. The intersection of I-69 and US-24 connects I-69 from the North and South to US-24 from the East and West. US 24 & I-69

[PERCENTAGE] [PERCENTAGE]

[PERCENTAGE]

#2 #3 #8 Gases Flammable & Combustible Liquids Corrosives

#3 Flammable #2 & #4 #7 #8 Single-Axle #1 Gase Combustibl Flammabl #5 #6 Radio Corrosive #9 Location Date Start Time End Time Class UnPlacard Box Placarded Total HAZMAT All Trucks Explosives s e Liquids e Solids Oxidizers Poison Active s Misc Total 1075(2) 1203(3) 1977(2) 2 3 1 6 1993(3) 1760(8) Noth Clinton & East State 1/7/2015 1240 1440 Flamm. Liq(3) 27 33 6 66 9% 91%

1073-3(2) 1830(8) 1073(2) 4 1 1 2 8 Corrosive(8) mix Coldwater Rd. & East Coliseum 1/7/2015 1445 1645 2250(6)&2110(4) 44 35 7 86 8% 92% Flam Gas(2) 1 1 2 Spyrun & East State 1/8/2015 815 1015 Flam Liq(3) 22 41 2 65 3% 97% 1203-4(3) 1 4 5 East Jefferson Blvd & Lafayette St 1/8/2015 1020 1220 1977(2) 57 19 5 81 6% 94% 1203-26(3) 1075-5(2) 6 26 1 33 1073(2) US24 & I-69 1/8/2015 1235 1435 corrosive(8) 563 NA 38 601 6% 94% Flammable-2(3) 1203-4(3) 1993(3) 1075(2) 1 7 1 5 15 2431(6) Corrosive-5(8) 3257(9) US 24 & East 469 1/13/2015 1425 1625 NA NA 15 15 100% 0% 1

4. Summary Surveyors endeavored to give a snap-shot of the hazardous materials being transported thru Allen County, IN, and provide a starting point for emergency planning activities. It was determined in planning meetings with local partners that the emphasis of this cursory study should be focused on roadway transportation, as it is the most unpredictable mode of hazardous materials delivery. With this goal in sight, surveyors began collecting data about the roadways of Allen County. It was determined that three major roadways intersected Allen County, I-68, US-24, and US-30. Dot placard surveys were completed in two hour increments on each of these roadways, to give a glimpse of the hazardous materials types and amounts entering Allen County. All of these surveys were conducted in close proximity, and on the outside of the I-469 By-Pass. The intention was to count placards once, and not repeatedly while trucks circled the city of Fort Wayne. Once the amount and type of hazardous materials data was gathered on the perimeter of I-469, a more insightful data was collected inside or on the I-469 loop. Motor vehicle accident data was obtained from the Northeastern Indiana Regional Coordinating Council (NIRCC). Institutional and empirical data was cross referenced to determine accident “Hot Spots” at intersections that were in the NIRCC’s top twenty accident sights and also connected primary roadways to each other or Tier II locations. “Hot Spots” were then the focus of the second stage of the study in which DOT placards and total number of commercial transport vehicles. With the investigative process above, surveyors determined that the intersection of I-69 and US-24 was a high probability location for a roadway transportation accident in Allen County, IN. In just a two hour snap-shot 38 placarded vehicles passed thru this intersection. The majority of the vehicles were gasses and flammable liquids, with corrosives being the third most common placard. Surveyors would recommend that, based on this information, Allen County prepare for a hazardous materials spill or release at this intersection. A tour of the area indicates there are substantial education, retail, hotel, and healthcare facilities within 500 meters to this intersection: 9 Restaurants, 11 Hotels, 4 Colleges or Universities, 1 Elementary School, 1 Supermarket, 3 Churches, and Fort Wayne Orthopedics. These demographics would exacerbate the effect of a spill in the I-69 and US-24 intersection, especially during normal business hours when the surveys were completed.

Allen County, IN Commodity Flow Study - 2014 55 Mile Marplot Image

Red Diamond – EHS Facilities Purple – US-24 East and West Black – I -69 North and South Black – US - 30 East and West Blue Triangle – Accident “Hot Spots” Allen County, IN Commodity Flow Study - 2014 20 Mile Marplot Image

Red Diamond – EHS Facilities Purple – US-24 East and West Black – I -69 North and South Black – US - 30 East and West Blue Triangle – Accident “Hot Spots” Allen County, IN Commodity Flow Study - 2014 20 Mile Marplot Satellite Image

Red Diamond – EHS Facilities Purple – US-24 East and West Black – I -69 North and South Black – US - 30 East and West Blue Triangle – Accident “Hot Spots” Response: Fort Wayne Fire Response to the intersection of I-69 and US – 24

A report of a hazardous materials spill at the intersection of I-69 and US – 24 would receive an initial response of one Engine, one Rescue Truck, one Battalion Chief, and a total of 9 firefighters, in approximately 4 minutes. The responding Battalion Chief could request the Allen County Hazardous Materials response vehicle and team upon dispatch or arrival. The Hazardous Materials response vehicle, three additional Engines, a second Battalion Chief, and 14 additional firefighters could be on scene in 12 minutes.

Fire Department Stations

Station 1 Station 2 Station 4

419 E. Main 2023 Taylor 4130 Lahmeyer

Fort Wayne, IN Fort Wayne, IN Fort Wayne, IN

Station 5 Station 6 Station 7 5801 Bluffton Road 1500 W. Coliseum 1622 Lindenwood Avenue Fort Wayne, IN Fort Wayne, IN Fort Wayne, IN

Station 8 Station 9 Station 10

6035 Rothman Road 2530 E. Pontiac 3122 N. Anthony Fort Wayne, IN Fort Wayne, IN Fort Wayne, IN

Station 11 Station 12 Station 13 405 E. Rudisill 6901 S. Anthony 6727 N. Clinton Fort Wayne, IN Fort Wayne, IN Fort Wayne, IN

Station 14 Station 15 Station 16

3400 Reed Rd 1415 Northland 11330 Coldwater Rd. Fort Wayne, IN Fort Wayne, IN Fort Wayne, IN

Station 17 Station 18 Station 19

1910 Getz Road 10805 Liberty Mills 10116 Covington Road Fort Wayne, IN Fort Wayne, IN Fort Wayne, IN