1897. CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-SENATE. 1747

SENATE. strating against the proposed increase of the tax on beer; which were ordered to lie on the table. WEDNESDAY, June 16, 1897. He also presented petitions of 17 citizens of Philadelphia, of 52 citizens of Philadelphia, of 37 citizens of Norristown, 46 citizene The Senate met at 11 o'clock a. m. of McKean, 26 citizens of Allegheny County, 52 citizens of Penn­ Prayer by Rev. HuGH JOHNSTON, D. D., of the city of Wash- sylvania, 100 citizens of Philadelphia, 77 citizens of Weissport, ington. . and of Steelton Circle, No. 26, of Steelton, all in the State of Penn­ TJ:le J om·nal of yesterday's. proceedings was read and approved. sylva-nia, praying for the enactment of legislation restricting im­ PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. migration; which were ordered to lie on the taple. He also presented petitions of 31 citizens of Minex:sville, of 47 The VICE-PRESIDENT presented a petition of the Woman's citizens of Philadelphia, of 43 citizens of Phlladelphia. 24 citizens Health Protective _-\.ssociation, of Philadelphia, Pa., praying the of Steelton, 24 citizens of Wilkesbarre, 34 citizens of Reading, 30 President of the United States and tlie Senate to formulate such citizens of Philadelphia, 13 citizens of Philadelphia, 3~ citizens of treaties as will effectually prevent the difficulties arising between Reading, 46 citizens of Philadelphia, ?f 9 citiz~ns of P?Hade~phia, the United States and other nations; which was referred to the and of the select and common counCils of Philadelphia, allm the Committee on Foreign Relations. State of P ennsylvania, praying for the early passage of the pend­ Mr. MITCHELL presented a petition of the Chamber of Com­ ing tariff bill; which we.re ordered to lie on the table. merce of Milwaukee, Wis., praying for the pa-ssage of the Torrey He also presented a petition of the Merchant Tailors' Exchange bankruptcy bill; which was ordered to lie on t~e table. of Allegheny, Pa., and a petition of Local Union No. 131, Jour­ He als9 presented a m~morial. of the if. M1~l~r Compa-ny, of neymen Tailors' Union of ~merica, of.Pittsb-.;trg, ~a.,_Pr~~gfor Racine, Wis., remonstrating agamst the ImpositiGrape Growers' Associa­ mittee on Interstate Commerce. tion, remonstrating against the proposed increase of the tax on l\fr. BURROWS presented memorials of C. C. Snedeker and 52 beer; which was ordered to lie on the table. other citizens, Wright, Kay & Co. and 39 other citizens, David Mr. PRITCHARD p~·esented ;;t memorial of the North Carolina Long and 49 other citizens, Charles A. Strelinger and 45 other citi­ Liquor Dealers, Distillers, and Grape Growers' Association, remon­ zens, H. C. Hubbin and 19 other citizens, and of Brown Bros. and strating against the proposed increase of the tax on beer; which 51 other citizens, all in the State of Michigan, remonstrating was ordered to lie on the table. against the ena-ctment of legislation intended to destroy the pres­ He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of .Concord, N.C., ent system of ticket brokerage; which were referred to the Com­ and a petition of sundry citizens of Greensboro, N. C., praying mittee on Interstate Commerce. for the eal'ly passage of the pending ta;riff bill; which were ordered Mr. MASON. Mr. President, I desire to present a large number to lie on the table. . of memorials which have been sent to me to be presented to the Mr. PENROSE presented a petition of the Grocers and Export­ Senate, and I will ask the Secretary to note the name of the first ers' Exchange of Philadelphia, Pa., praying for the passage of memorialist on each paper and the number of signers. I should the Torrey bankruptcy bill; which was ordered to lie on the table. say that I have been informed, and from my examination believe­ He also presented a petition of the Sixth Ward .Republican Club, it to be true, that these memorials are signed by some 15,000 me­ of Philadelphia, Pa., praying for the repeal of the present civil­ morialists. I am also informed that most of them are citizens of service law; which was referred to the Committee on Civil Service the State of illinois. · They protest against the passage of the anti­ and Retrenchment. scalping bill. I should like to have the RECORD show the names, He also presented a memorial of sundry citizens of Lancaster, not of all the memorialists, but the first name on each memorial, Pa., and a memorial of sundry brewers of Lancaster, Pa., remon- and the number that follow. 1748 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 16,

The VICE-PRESIDENT. That order will be made, in the ab­ and 52 other citizens, J. C. Wagner and 52 other citizens, E. Gold· sence of objection. man & Co. and 51 other citizens, S. J. Hirsch and 52 other citi· The memorials are as follows: zens, J. G. McGregor and 52 other citizens, P. P. Sly and 52 Memorials of G. C. Burk and 49 other citizens, of Tower Daw­ other citizens, E. Belmond and 52 other citizens, D. Heyman and son & Co. and 52 other citizens, of A. J. Shilling and 52 other cit­ 52 other citizens, Isaac F. Rubel and 52 other citizens, W. Hud· izens, of H. Lau and 51 other citizens, of E. D. Read and 50 other son and 52 other citizens. J. Cheesman and 51 other citizens, citizens, Jame.s D. Murphy and 50 other citizens, A. J. Reynolds A. Kennedy and 52 other citizens, Joe Hart and 50 other citizens, and 40 other citizens, J. R. Black and 52 other citizens, A. R. John F. Flynn and 29 other citizens, Frank Keene and 51 other Stanley and 52 other citizens, G. E. Ranaous and 19 other citizens, citizens, B. J. Daniels and 52 other citizens, D. E. Morton and 52 F. Wiehle and 26 other citizens, 0. F. Bridges and 19 other citi­ other citizens, J. G. Jordan and 52 other citizens, George L. Rus· zens, J. F. Neunan and 52 other citizens, J. C. Hagenbuch and 17 sell and 50 other citizens, Edw. Cummings and 51 other citizens, other citizens, H. M. Shoub and 19 other citizens, J. H. Johnson W. J. Salmon and 52 other citizens, C. J. Leiber and 52 other citi­ and 18 other citizens, D. H. Clarke and 19 other citizens, D. Ogdine zens, the ::Munwegen & Weiss Manufacturing Company and 52 and 19 other citizens, H. Barkhausen and 19 other citizens, W. B. citizens, D. Kahn & Co. and 52 other citizens, Charles P . Root and Senmark and 50 other citizens, H. Cooting and 52 other citizens, 52 other citizens, Thomas B. O'Hara and 52 other citizens, J. Rob· Robert Manning and 51 other citizens, Thomas Drury and 52 erts and 52 other citizens, Adolph Moses and 11 other citizens, other citizens, L. C. Noble and 49 other citizens, M. L. Brown Henry Stern and 52 other citizens, H. G. Nye and 51 other citi· and 52 other citizens, S. Rice and 49 other citizens, J. Conarty zeus, Samuel Cains and 51 other citizens, Will. l\Iille1· and 52 other and 52 other citizens, E. Wilken and 52 other citizens, D. P. Shaw citizens, W. W. Wilder and 52 otQ.er citizens, J. A. Duggan and 52 and 50 other citizens, D. J. Riley and 52 other citizens, J. J. other citizens, G. Mendrick and 52 other citizens, G. W. Hambaugh Uonerty and 5:3 other citizens, Harry Filkins and 51 other citizens, and 52 other citizens, H. S. Rice and 52 other citizens, G. Nunene­ J. J. Sullivan and 30 other citizens, H. Bottheim and 52 other ger and 49 other citizens, J. H. Brannan and 31 other citizens, F. A. citizens, Charles Nebel and 49 other citizens, A. R. Shroeder and Rogers and 52 other citizens, R. Nixon and 52 other citizens, 51 other citizens, C. J. Roe and 51 other citizens, T. McArdle and Charles H. Ames and 22 other citizens, Pettibone, Mulliken & Co. 52 other citizens, W. W. Taylor and 52 other citizens, P. H. Wil­ and 49 other citizens, Emil K. Costerman and 49 other citizens, L. S. son and 52 other citizens, H. Y. Whiteman and 52 other citizens, Kenlay and 52 other citizens, J. N. :Mason and 51 other citizens, W. G. Hargis and 52 other citizens, Charles Stornan and 51 other E. Baird and 52 other citizens, Carl Muller and 52 other citizens, citizens, L. C. Noble and 48 other citizens, W. A. :::lager and 41 F. M. Goodman and 52 other citizens, James O'Brien and 51 other other citizens, N. O'Brien and 43 other citizens, S. Wilson and 52 citizens, Joseph Friedman and 19 other citizens, H. R. Platt and other citizens, J.P. Warner and 51 other citizens, F. J. Th9mp­ 52 other citizens, E. H. Brown and 52 other citizens, Capt. Jack son and 19 other citizens, Fills Perl and 52 other citizens, Arnold Cranford and 52 other citizens, S. Adams and 51 other citizens, Schiess and 52 other citizens, George W. Nye and 52 other citizens, M. S. Hartman and 50 other citizens, E. J. Hill and 52 other citi· F. J. Purdy and 52 other citizens, \V illiam McChesney and 49 other zens, W. J. Jackson and 52 other citizens, 0. E. Pardee and 51 citizens, Th. Williams and 52 other citizens, E. J. McCarty and 52 other citizens, M. Gimbel & Sons and 52 other citizens, J. S. other citizens, M. Plunkett and 52 other citizens, E. P. Adams and Heath and 52 other citizens, E. Hart and 52 other citizens, A. uO other citizens, A. N. Swigert and 52 other citizens, J. A. Keley Brown and 36 other citizens, Robert S. Brinton and 52 other citi· and 52 other citizens, F. E. Hatfield and 52 other citizens, B. C. Teal zens, B. Meyer and 52 other citizens, J. S. Horeland and 51 other and 52 other citizens, M. Timmions and 20 other citizens, George D. citizens, ·the Cole Lithographing Company and 50 citizens, R. M. Hall, M.D., and 51 other citizens, E. J. Highland and 49 other citi­ Atkinson and 52 other citizens, T. S. Rapp and 52 other citizens, zens,J. Hughes and 52 other citizens, W. 0. Robertson and 52 other James Thompson Drug Manufacturing Company and 52 citizens, citizens, A. J. Wilson and 52 other citizens, E. Flin and 52 other citi­ S. J. Strickland and 50 other citizens, 8. Tanzer and 17 other citi· zens, R. Hand and 52 other citizens, J. T. Sullivan and 52 other cit­ zens, E . A. Luflin and 39 other citizens, J. F. Adams and 52 other izens, C. A. Davies and 52 other citizens, J. G. Eager and 51 other citizens, T. Jacobs and 49 other citizens, S. Fishel and 51 other citi­ citizens, H. Gundling and 52 other citizens, J. C. Duncan and 52 zens, W. Eisendrath and 51 other citizens, J. E. Lamard and 48 other citizens, L. B. Care and 52 other citizens, P. Lane and 52 other citizens, J. E. Laman and 49 other citizens, W. 1\I. Umbo other citizens, A. B. Horne and 51 other citizens, S. F. Erskine denstock and 52 other citizens, W. H. Jones and 52 other citizens, and 52 other citizens, T. T. Hughes and 52 other citizens, P. J. W. Rberhardt and 51 other citizens, C. L. Feladamf and 17 other Holbrook and 52 other citizens, S. Lange and 52 other citizens, citizens, M. T. Sterling and 52 other citizens, F . Beck and 45 other P. H. Wilson and 52 other citizens; J. N. Pincier and 51 other citizens, G. C. Joseph and 51 other citizens, H. J. Faulkner and citizens, W. H. Bromiley and 52 other citizens, M. Ginby and 52 51 other citizens, A. J. Wilson and 52 ot.her citizens, R. S. Turmia. other citizens, S. Lee and 52 other citizens, W. J. Fagan and 52 and 52 other citizens, H. Ganz and 51 other citizens, H: Y. White­ other citizens, C. A. Vim Velzu and 52 other citizens, W. J. Ten­ man and 52 other citizens, J. C. Salomon and 51 other citizens, nison and 51 other citizens, J. C. Brooks and 52 other citizens, M.P. Hooker and 49 other citizens, A. L. Dean & Co. and 52 other Charles Langguth and 51 other citizens, E. Klosterman and 49 citizens, J. McCormick and 52 other citizens, H. C. l\IcDonald and other citizens, N. Parson and 51 other citizens, M. Schellender and 52 other citizens, C. S. Garrett and 52 other citizens, and J. W. 52 other citizens, H. Uebel and 48 other citizens, M. Adler and 52 Patterson and 52 other citizens, all in the State of illinois. other citizens, William McChesney and 48 other citizens, A. B. Mr. CULLOM. The memorials presented by my colleague Rosenblum and 52 other citizens, William Force and 52 other citi­ should be referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. I zens, J. Well & Bros. and 51 other citizens, M.P. Hooker and 49 did not hear any statement as to their reference. other citizens, W. J. Salmon and 52 other citizens, W. McDevitt and Mr. MASON. That is correct. 53 .other citizens, William Johnson and 14 other citizens, Hender­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The memorials will be so referred. son & Jam polis and 46 other citizens, Nelson Chesman and 52 other Mr. HOAR. I present the memorial of George W. Maddock, citizens, E. E. Kellyand51othercitizens, W. W. David and 52 other president of the Boston Upper.Leather Tanners' Club, of Boston, citizens, GeorgeS. Lemon and 49 other citizens, M. Timmons and 19 Mass., relative to the tariff on hides and leather. I move that the other citizens, E. E. Duseman and 11 other citizens, E. R. Blake and memorial lie on the table, and that it be printed as a document. 15 other citizens, The Fort Wayne Electric Corporation and 51 citi­ The motion was agreed to. zens, T. P. Blanchard and 52 other citizens, J. Chuseman and 51 Mr. CHANDLER. I present sundry memorials as to a matter other citizens, G. A. Washburn and 52 other citizens, W. H. that is immediately pending before one of the committees of this Wright and 52 other citizens, C. A. Van Velger and 52 other citi­ body-sundry memorials of citizens of New Hampshire and other zens, J. A. Grant and 52 other citizens, E. W~rtke and 52 other States, remonstrating against the enactment of the antiscalping citizens, J. J. Jones and 50 other citizens, W. Mangler and 52 bill, so called. other citizens, F. L. Clark and 52 other citizens, S. Jones and 52 The memorialists represent that ''the bill would destroy a nat­ other citizens, H. C. N au and 52 other citizens, H. A. Williamson ural and legal right to dispose of one's.own property in the open and 51 other citizens, J. Schneider and 52 other citizens, Charles market." They say ''it would enable the strong railroad systems Deubler and 51 other citizens, E. Simon and 51 other citizens, M. to shut out the weak lines on through business and thus destroy Goldsmith and 51 other citizens, D. C. Clark and 52 other citizens, competition," that "it would send a citizen to prison and brand William G. Morrison and 52 other citizens, S. Singer and 57 other him with infamy for disposing of his own pr4>perty, while impos­ citizens, N. H. Daly and 52 other citizens, G. S. Glurehauf and 52 ing no penalty upon the railroad company for a failure to redeem other citizens, J. Ascher and 52 other citizens, J. N. Mason and tickets, as provided," and it also declares that "the business of 50 other citizens, B. Amheim and 52 other citizens, L. Cohn and ticket brokerage is directly in the interest of the traveling public." 17 other citizens, A. Arenson and 52 other citizens, D. Camp I ask that the memorials may be separately noted in the RECORD, and 52 otb.er citizens, A. R. Mitchell and 52 other citizens, and referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. E. V. Doran and 52 other citizens, C. Langguth and 52 other The memorials were referred to the Committee on Interstata citizens, L. C. Marks & Co. and 52 other citizens, J. Valentine Commerce, as follows: · · and 52 other citizens, P. J. Metty and 49 · other citizens, W. Memorials of J. M. Pearion and 19 other citizens, E. C. Earl­ Cronan and 52 other citizens, M. Connors and 52 other citizens, man and 14 other citizens, G. Sheltry and 9 other citizens, S. G. P. Burke and 49 other citizens, Grossman, Michelson & Co. Brooks and 18 other citizens, S. Gasper and 17 other citiz4lns, S. Or 1897. ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1749

l Kobler and 50 other citizens, C. P. Kenyon and 18 other citizens, to pass, the Senator in charge of the bHl can make the point, if Wright & Lynch and 51 other citizens, H. F. Bancker and 51 he chooses, that the paragraph has gone by and we can not return other citizens, S. F. Ellis and 50 other citizens, F. A. Milliken to it. If that point is to be made, of course we shall have to ask and 51 other citizens, Dr. S. Olin Leech and 51 other citizens, for separate votes as we go along. George L. Barr and 52 other citizens, H. E. Mitchell and 52 other Mr. ALLISON. I thoroughly sympathize with the Senator citizens, Carl Rosenbm·ger and 52 other citizens, and George A. from Arkansas in his desire to make the utmost speed in the con­ Berry & Co. and 19 other citizens. sideration of the bill consistent with the care that we ought to Mr. GALLINGER pre ented the memorial of J. M. Pearson take in its examination. Therefore I assure him, upon the sug­ and 58 other citizens of Suncook, N. H., remonstrating against gestion now made by him that I shall make no point of order. the enactment of legislation intended to destroy the present sys­ Mr. VEST. I move to strike out pa.ragraph236, in order to put tem of ticket brokerage; which wa.s ordered to lie on the table. fresh milk upon the free list, as it is under the existing law. I call attention to the fact that in 1896 we exported 8270,4.53 worth REPORT OF A. COMMITTEE. of milk and imported 819,100 worth. Here is an article of prime Mr. FAIRBANKS, from the Committee on Public Buildings necessity, entirely healthy, necess.:'Lry to the comfort, indeed, to and Grounds, to whom was referred the bill (S. 1056) to provide the life of a large portion of our people. I therefore move to strike for a public building at Cleveland, Ohio, reported it without out the paragraph in order to put fresh milk upon the free list, amendment, and submitted a report thereon. where it is now. BILLS INTRODUCED. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment proposed by the Sen­ ator from Missouri will be stated. Mr. PENROSE introduced a bill (S. 2146) granting a pension The SECRETARY. Sti·ike out paragraph 236 in the following to Susan Kroeson, widow of Thomas Kroeson, late a soldier in words: the Union Army during the war of the rebellion; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. :Milk, fresh, 2 cents per gallon. He also introduced the following bills; which were severally The amendment was rejected. read twice by their titles, and referred to t}le Committee on The next amendm~nt of the Committee on Finance was, in para­ Claims: graph 237, page 71, line 2, after the word "of/' to strike out "all A bill (S. 2147) for the relief of 1\frs. Celia Ford, late a laun­ covm·ings and packing material" and insert ''immediate cover­ dress in Battery F, Second Regiment United States Artillery; and ings;" so as to make the paragraph read: A bill (S. 214.8) for the relief of the legal representatives of 23i. r.filk, preserved or condensed, or sterilized by heating or other proc­ Merrick, Merrick & Cope. esses, including weight of immediate coverings, 2 cents per pound; sugar of Mr. COCKRELL introduced a bill (S. 2149) for the relief of milk, 5 cents per pound. Richard C. Silence; which was read twice by its title, and re­ Mr. JONES of AI· kansas. I move to strike out "2 cents a ferred to the Committee on Claims. pound," in line 5, and in'sert "20 per cent ad valorem." The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is thel'e any objection to the illliend­ ELECTRIC RAILWAY LL~E OVER THE POTOMAC. ment proposed by the committee? The Chair hears none, and it is Mr. PENROSE submitted the following concurrent resolution; agreed to. The Senator from Arkansas moves an amendment which was referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia: which will be stated. R esolved by the Senate (the House of Representati'~:es concw·ring), That the The SECRETARY. In line 5, page 71~ it is proposed to sti·ike out electric railway line from the Aqueduct Bridge to Fort Myer and Arlington "2 cents per pound" and insert "20 per cent ad valorem." may, with the permission and under the direction of the Secretary of War, be extended across the Aqueduct Bridge on or near the east sidewalk: Pro­ 1\Ir. JONES of Arkansas. And also strike out "5 cents per vided, That all cost of such extension shall be paid by the railway company pound" and insert "20 per cent ad valorem." and that this permission may be revoked by the Secretary of War at any The SECRETARY. Also, in lines 5 and 6, strike out" 5 cents per time. IMPROVEMENT Oll' CAPE CHARLES HARBOR. pound" and insert "20 per cent ad valorem;" so as to make the paragraph read: Mr. SEWELL submitted the following concurrent resolution; 237. Milk, preserved or condensed, or sterilized by heating or other proc­ which was referred to the Committee on Commerce: esses, including weight of immediate coverings, 20 per cent ad valorem; Resolved by the Senate of the United States (the Hottse of Representatives sugar of milk, 20 per cent ad valorem. concun·ing), That the Secretary of War is hereby directed to prepare and submit plans and estimates for the further improvement of the harbor and Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The manufacture of condensed milk approaches at Cape Charles City, Va., by the construction of a stone break­ was begun just before the war, and has developed rapidly during water on the south side of the cut leading to Cape Charles Harbor, similar and since then. There are now about ten factories in the United to the breakwater which has just been completed on the north side; and for sundry dredging- near Old Plantation Light, in the cut leading to the harbor, States that make about 40,000,000 1-pound c.ans of condensed milk thereby enabling vessels to go in and out of the harbor without danger or annually. Five of these belong to the New York Condensed Milk difficulty. Company and two to the Anglo-Swiss Company. Of these seven, FREDALINE GLASTETTER. four-are in New York and three in Illinois. When the factory employees and the dairy farmers in the vicin­ Mr. COCKRELL. On the 16th day of March last I introduced ity of these establishments learned that McKinley had given the a bill (S. 303) granting a pension to Fredaline Glastetter. He has condensed-milk men all the duty they wished on preserved milk passed beyond the reach of the benefic.ence of the Government, and had removed the duty on sugar, which in this particular case and I move that the Committee on Pensions be discharged from the foreigner refused to pay, they were jubilant. Prices of milk its further consideration, and that the bill be indefinitely post­ and wages were to be greatly advanced. This was the under­ poned. standing all along the line. Whatever might be the effect of this The motion was agreed to. new tariff act on other industries, it was certain to help the dairy THE T A.RIFF BILL. farmer and the work~·s in the condensed-milk factories. But Mr. ALLISON. I move that the Senate proceed to the consid­ behold! When the condensed-milk men met and fixed the prices eration of House bill 379. they would pay for milk for the year 1891, instead of being higher, There being no objection, the -Senate, as in Committee of the they were found to be lower than for fifteen or twenty years, Whole, resumed the consideration of the biU (H. R. 379) to pro­ averaging only 3 cents per quart for winter and 2t cents for sum­ vide revenue for the Government and to encourage the industries mer months. of the United States. The wage earne1·s in this highly protected industry can shake The reading of the bill was resumed at page 70, line 25, as fol- hands with the farmers, for all have been equally benefited by the lows: tariff. Matters are somewhat different with the factory owners, 235. Cheese, and substitutes therefor, 6 cents per pound. who are now selling condensed milk somewhat higher than in 236. Milk, fresh, 2 cents pe1· gallon. 1890, and are now, because of cheaper sugar, making at least 1 Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I was not aware that the bill had cent more on ea<:h pound can, or $400,000 a year, though they had been taken up. I was looking at something else. I should be glad made their millions under the old duty. Of course, with such a to have a moment's delay. high duty and such enormous profits, it was unbecoming for these I should like to have an understanding with the Senator from men to depend upon the crude and amateurish methods of organ­ Iowa. There are a considerable number of amendments here ization that had before bound them together. They must put where the rates have been raised, as we think, unreasonably, and their stock in a syndicate and have it sold in the exchanges. we would like to have votes upon propositions to reduce them. Hence, on December 2, 1891, the Associated Press contained the At the same time we do not want to delay the Senate by taking a following from Chicago. vote on every single paragraph. If there were to be no point of A special dispatch from Elgin, ill., says: "It is understood that arrangements are completed for the transfer to an order made as to our going back to make the motion, I was think­ English syndicate of the five milk-condensin_g_ ·factories at Carpentersville, ing that we would perhaps allow a half dozen paragraphs to goat lll., and at Brewster, Wa..c;saic, and Walden, N. Y. They have been owned a time, and then move to strike out in each one of the paragraphs by the Borden and Milbank families for over twenty-five years. The pur chase price is not stated, but as their net ravenna last year is said to have t.he objectionable rate and to substitute what we propose, and been over $750,000, it must be $12,000,000 or $15,000,000. The Borden heirs liv· have on£1 vote on the whole. I am aware, if we allow a paragraDh ing here and in California are now in New York on this business." · 1750 ·coNGRESSIONAL .RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 16~

This trust is now in shape to hold fast all the McKinley Ac.t public man has sometimes to take hold of a live wire. and he can gave it and to dictate wages and prices on everything bought and not let go. I saw my friend the chairman of the Commerce sold. Moreover, they can and probably will soon begin to give Committee, with whom I have labored so many years, wrest-ling extra discount to foreigners, who now purchase about $200,000 and struggling with a strong disposition to piscatorial exercises, worth of condensed milk a year from us. when he felt he was compelled to stay here and wrestle with finan­ There c..1.n be no reason in making this increased tax on this cial and economic questions. article of prime necessity. The claim that it is done for the pur­ I have been to Europe, Mr. President. I went there from neces­ pose of increasing wages of employees is absolutely disproved by sity, and the necessity arose from the fact that you can get no rest the history of this product. The rate that I have proposed by the in this country. I make no apology for it.- With telephones, tele­ amendment I have offered is the one under the existing law at graphs, and the demands upon every man, even in private life, and this time, under which large quantities of this article are being much more in public life, there is no rest in this rushin&", worry­ exported, I understand, and there is practically none being im- ing, irritating American life of ours unless we go abroaQ. ported. · I do not propose to open up the temperance question, but I am The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the defending cider, the liquid of our boyhood, the beverage that amendment of the Senator from Arkansas. "cheers but not inebriates," that sparkles at every New England The amendment was rejected. festival and in every New England home and in the West and The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was, in par­ South wherever the apple is raised and used. Upon the Continent agraph 238, page 71, line 8, after the word "Beans," to strike out of Europe you can see from five to fifteen thousand people-men, "fifty" and insert "forty;" so a-s to make the paragraph read: women, and children-assembled in the gardens every afternoon in 238. Beans, 40 cents per bushel of 60 pounds. family groups, drinking wine and beer and listening to music-nota Mr. SPOONER. I ask the Senator in charge of the bill to allow loud word, not a boisterous expression, the home preserved. If you this paragraph to be passed over. had that many Americans there, under our system of bibulation, Mr. ALLISON. Very well. it would not be ten minutes until you would hear the yell of some . The VICE-PRESIDENT. At the request of the Senator from drunken ruffian and the music of the revolver. Wisconsin, the paragraph will be passed over temporarily. If we want temperance in this country-and I am in perfect The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was, in par­ sincerity when I say so-we must change our methods of drink­ agraph 239, page 71, line 13, after the word "all," to strike out ing. The desire for some sort of stimulus is natural to mankind. "coverings and packing material" and insert ''tins, jars, and We read in the Bible that as far back as the days of Noah he had other immediate coverings;" so as to make the paragraph read: not joined the Sons of Temperance. If we would have real, true 239. Beans, pease, and mushrooms, prepared or preserved; in tins, jars, temperance, obedienttonatural appetites, in this country, we must do away with these strong liquors and go back to light wines and bottles, or similar pa.ckage~1 2t cents per pound and 15 per cent ad valorem, including the weight of au tins, jars, 1:\-nd . other immediate coverings; all the drinks of our childhood-milk, water, and cider. vegetables, prepared or preserved, including pickles and sauces of all kinds~ not specially provided for in this act, and fish paste or sauce, 40 per cent aa Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. Will the Senator allow me? I valorem. think it would have been better for Noah if he had joined the ~ The amendment was agreed to. . Sons of Temperance. The Secretary read the next paragraph, as follows: Mr. VEST. But he did_not join them. That is the point I am making. Weare told that the races of men were divided, and the 24:0. Cabbages, 3 cents each. descendan_ts of Ham were put into slavery because Ham, instead Mr. VEST. Under the existing law cabbages are upon the free of protecting the old man's weakness, ridiculed him, and the result list. I move to strike out the paragraph with a view to puttiug was that his descendants became slaves. them upon the free list. Mr. President, I make this appeal earnestly in favor of cide,r. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendment I have heard that at one time there was a distinguished member of the Senator from Missouri, to strike out paragraph 240, "Cab­ of this body who came in when a financial bill was being discussed bages~ 3 cents each." by Senator Sherman, of Ohio. In those early days Senator Sherman • The a~endment was rej~cted. was advocating an increased tax upon whisky, nothing like what The next paragraph was read, as follows: -we have now, but it was considered then an enormous increase. 2n. Cider, 5 cents per gallon. This Senator_came in, deposited his hat and gloves upon his desk Mr. VEST. Mr.· President, I draw the line on cider. After before him, and said, "May I interrupt the Senator from Ohio?'' three weeks of arduous labor, we have succeeded upon this side Mr. Sherman yielded the floor, and this Senator said: "Mr. Pres­ of the Chamber in making only one reduction in the bill, and that ident, I understand that whisky has no friends in this Chamber. was a quarter of a cent upon-anvils. Now we have the cider put I am the friend of whisky, and whisky is my friend. It builds up on the dutiable list. The official reports show that we exported the strong and destroys -the weak." And he retired from the of cider during 1896, $47,670 worth and imported $1,704 worth. Chamber after that declaration in favor of his favorite beverage. I appeal to New England to put this article upon the free list. If whisky could have an advocate, how many advocates ought Every one of us, and we have all been boys, must go back to rem­ cider to have, the beverage of sobriety, the beverage of home? iniscences of boyhood in order to find an argument, and a very What excuse is there for putting it upon the dutiable list, when conclusive one, in behalf of free cider. There can be no pretenge we export the amount I have named and receive nothing -in the that this is in the line of protection, because we supply the do­ shape of revenue? I appeal frankly and earnestly to New Eng­ mestic market and export nearly $50,000 worth of this innocent land to come to the rescue of cider. beverage. I ask for the yeas and nays on agreeing to my amendment. Mr. GRAY. It js not for revenue. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendment Mr. VEST. It is not for revenue, because we imported only six­ of the Senator from Missouri ~Mr . VEST] to strike out paragraph teen or seventeen hundred dollars' worth-during 1896. If there is 241, "Cider, 5 cents per gallon, 'on which he_demands theyeas.and a. temperance man upon the other side of the Chamber, I appeal nays. to him. My judgment, formed upon observation and very con­ The yeas and nays were ordered; and the Secretary proceeded siderable experience; is that the use of light wines, beer, and cider to call the roll. is the right road to temperance. The American people never will Mr. CANNON (when his name was called). I am paired with be a temperance people until we quit the fierce, maddening, life the senior Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. ALDRICH]. If he and soul destroying liquors above proof in alcohol and adopt the were here, I should vote •' yea." continental system. Mr. CLAY (when his name was called). I am psired with the One good thing, at least, they have in Europe, the use of heer junior Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE]. I would vote and light wines. I believe it is almost a crime in these modern ' '·yea " if he. were present. days to confess that you have been to Europe. I saw a quotation Mr. JONES of Arkansas (when his name was called). I have a from a distinguished statesman upon my own side in politics the general pair with the Senator from Maine [Mr. HALE], but I trans­ other day where he thanked God he was too much of an Ameri­ fer that pair to the Senator from Colorado [Mr. TELLER], and they can ever to have been to Europe. Well, I have been to Europe. will remain paired. I make this announcement for the day. I went there for my health, and I am very sorry I am not there Mr. LINDSAY (when his name was called). I have a general now. pair with the senior Senator from Michigan [Mr. McMILLAN], who, Mr. HOAR. May I inquire of the Senator if it is not the fact I understand, is not in the Chamber. I therefore withhold my that that statesman was himself born in Europe? vote. If he were here, I should vote '' yea." Mr. VEST. No; he is a native-born American. He thanked Mr. PRITCHARD (when his name was called). Has the junior God that he never had been there, and said he was too much of Senator from South Carolina rMr. McLAURIN] voted? an American ever to go there. I said that I wished I was there The VICE-PRESIDENT. lle has not voted. now. I would infinitely rather be there, on account of my health Mr. PRITCHARD. I am paired with the junior Senator from and comfort, than to be struggling hopelessly over this tariff bill. South Carolina. If he were present, I should vote" nay." Mr. FRYE. Give it up. Mr. PROCTOR (when his na~e was called). I am paired with Mr. VEST. We can not always give up these things. Every the junior Senator from Florida [Mr. MALLORY]. 1897.· . -GONGRESSIONAL- RECORD-SENATE.

The roll call was concluded. Mr. VEST. I ask the Senator from Iowa if dried blood is not Mr. TILLMAN. Has the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. THuRS­ now on the free list? TON] voted? Mr. ALLISON. It is on the free list. - The VICE-PRESIDENT. He has not voted. Mr. VEST. And it is proposed now to put a duty of B cents a · Mr. TILLMAN. I am paired with that Senator, and therefore pound upon it? withhold my vote. Mr. ALLISON. Three cents a pound on egg albumen and dried Mr. PASCO. Has the Senator from Washington [Mr. WILSON] blood. -voted? · Mr. VEST. I call attention to the fa-ct that the official report The VICE-PRESIDENT. He has not voted. shows no imports at all of the yolk of eggs. This duty of 25 per Mr. PASCO. I am paired with that Senator, and therefore I cent ad valorem can not be imposed for the purpose of protecting withhold my vote. If he were present, I should vote "yea." the American production, as none comes in from abroad at all. Mr. FAULKNER (after having voted in the affirmative). I In other words, we absolutely control the domestic market. In am paired with my colleague the Senator from West Virginia addition to that, under the amendment the Senator puts 3 cents [Mr. ELKINs]. - I do not see him in the Chamber. I should like per pound, I understand, upon albumen and 3 cents per pound to know whether he has voted. upon dried blood. ---- The VICE-PRESIDENT. He has not voted. Mr. ALLISON. Dried-blood albumen. Mr. FAULKNER. I withdraw my vote. Mr. VEST. Dried-blood albumen. Now, willtheSenatorplease Mr. GEAR. I am paired with the .Senator from New Jersey explain why he wants to take that articl~ off the free list? · fMr. SMITH]. I transfer that pair to the junior Senator from Mr. ALLISON. The House provided for a duty of 5 cents per Alassachusetts rMr. LODGE], and vote "nay." pound. It is largely produced in our own country and imported -Mr. CLAY. 1 transfer my pair to the Senator from New. Jersey also. We struck it out, but on a reexamination we provide for a [Mr. SMITH], and vote "yea." · small duty. Mr. BUTLER (after having voted in the affirmative). I am Mr. VEST. I could not hear what the Senator from-Iowa said. paired with the junior Senator from Maryland [Mr. WELLING­ Will he be kind enough to repeat his statement? .'lON]. As he is not present, I withdraw my vote. Mr. ALLISON. We ·provide a small duty in lieu of 5 cents a - The result was announced-yeas 21, nays 28; as follows: ponnd provided for by the House. The House provision is 5 cents a pound. We insert 3 cents for egg albumen or dP-ed-blood albu- YEAS-21. men, and 1t cents for dried blood when soluble. - Bacon, Harrisi Tenn. Morgan, Vest, Bate, Heitfe d, Murphy, Walthall, 1\{r. VEST. Does the Senator mean to say that they are the Berry, Jones, Ark. Pettus, Whlte. same thing? Clay, Kenney, Rawlins, Cockrell, Mills, Roach, Mr. ALI.~rsoN. They are not the same thing, but they are like Gray, Mitchell, Turpie, things, used for ihe same purposes. . NAYS-28. Mr. GRAY. What are those purposes, may I ask the Senator? Allison, Fairbanks, - Hoar, Platt, Conn. Mr. VEST. I understand that it is a hospital article. _ Burrows, Foraker, Mc~ride, Platt, N.Y. Mr. ALLISON. They are nsed largely in purifying cloths, etc. Carter, Frve, Mason, Quay, Mr. VEST. They are also used in medicinal preparations. Chandler, Gallinger, Morrill, sewell, Cullom, Gear, Nelson, Spooner, Mr. ALLISON. They are used in the manufacture _of beer as Davis, Hanna, Penrose, Stewart, well. Deboe, Hawley, · Perkins, Wetmore. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the adoption of NOT VOTING-40. the amendment of the Senator from Iowa. Aldrich, Faulkner, McEnery, Shoup, Mr. VEST. Let us have a vote on that amendment. Allen, George, McLaurin, Smith, The VICE-PRESIDENT. On the committee amendment? Baker, Gorman, McMillan, Teller, Butler, Hale, Mallory, Thurston, Mr. VEST. I do not call for the yeas and nays. I want a viva Caffery, Hansbrough, Mantle, Tillman, voce vote. Cannon, Harris, Kans. Martin, Turner, The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing -to the Chilton, Jones, Nev. Pasco, Warren, Clark Kyle, Pettigrew, Wellington, amendment proposed by the Senator from Iowa, which includes Daniel, Lindsay, Pritchard, - Wilson, the amendment of the eommittee. Elkins, Lodge, Proctor, _ Wolcott. The amendment was ~greed to. So the amendment was rejected. The next amendment of t-he Committee on Finance was, in Mr. WIDTE subsequently said: I have been advised that I voted paragraph 244, page 72, line 1, after the word "Hay," to 8trike in the absence of the Senator from Idaho [Mr. SHOUP], with whom out "$4 per ton" and insert "$3.50 per ton, gross weight;" so as to I am paired. I ask unanimous consent to withdraw my vote. I make the paragraph read: had not observed that the Senator from Idaho was not here. 2«. Hay, $3.50 per ton, gross weight. · The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from California asks Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I move to strike out "$3.50" and in­ leave to withdraw his vote on the previous roll call. Is there sert "$2." I call attention to the fact that the revenue derived objection? The Chair hears none. from a tax of $4 a ton was about $900,000, and the revenue de­ . The nextamendment of the Committee on Finance was, in para­ rived from a tax of $2 a ton was $.2,700,000-three times a-s much graph 242, page 71, line 21, after the word '' Eggs," to insert '' not revenue on the rate of $2 a ton as there was on the rate of $4 a ~pecially providetl. for in this act;" so as to make the paragraph to~ ~ read: The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question: is on the amendment 242. Eggs, not specially provided for in this act, 5 cents per dozen. of the SenatorfromArkansastotheamendment of the committee. The amendment was ~greed to. Mr. ALLISON. In behalf of the committee, I withdraw the Mr. VEST. I move to strike out "five" and insert '"three;" so amendment proposed by the committee, and will allow the vote to as to read: • be taken on the House provision. Eggs, not specially provided for in this act, 3 cents per dozen. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I hope the Senator will let me have a vote taken on the proposition I have made. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the Mr. ALLISON. Undoubtedly. amendment of the Senator from Missom·i. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I ask for the yeas and nays on my Mr. VEST. I wish to call the attention of my friends who are amendment. The Senator from Iowa proposes to raise the pro­ _anxious to secure revenue to the fact as shown by the official re­ posed Senate committee rate of $3.50 a ton to $4 a ton. I ask fo:; port. In 1893, under the McKinley Act, at'5 cents a dozen, there a vote by yeas and nays on my amendment reducing the-rate to $2. were brought into this country $392,616 worth of eggs. In 1896, Mr. QUAY. Will the Secretary have the kindness to state the under a reduction to 3 cents per dozen under the Wilson Act, we amendment? brought in $88,701 WO!th. So if it is desired, as I understand is The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on _the amendment the case, to obtain revenue, I would suggest that the present duty proposed by the Senator from Arkansas [Mr JONES], which will be retained. Therefore I make the motion. be stated. The amendment wa-s rejected. The SECRETARY. The committee amendment to paragraph 244 The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was, in par­ having been withdrawn, it is proposed to strike out ''$4:" and insert agraph 243, page, 71, line 23, after the words "ad valorem," to "82;" so as to read: strike out the semicolon and the words "albumen, 5 cents per 2!4. Hay, $2 per ton. pound;" so as to make the paragraph read: The Secretary proceeded to call the roll. _243. Eggs, yolk of, 25 per cent ad valorem. Mr. FAULKNER (when his name was called). I am paired Mr. ALLISON. In behalf of the majority of the committee, I with the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. ELKINS]. If he were move to insert after the words "ad valorem," and in lieu of the present, I should vote" yea." part stricken out, the following: Mr. HARRIS of Kansas (when his name was called). I am Albumen, egg, or dried blood, 3cents per pound; dried blood whensoluble, paired with the junior Senator from Wyoming [Mr. C'LARK]. As li cents per pound. _ he is not present, I withhold my vote. 1752 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 16,

Mr. LINDSAY (when his name was called). I am paired with after the word'' Hops," to strike out '"'fifteen" and insert'' twelve;" the senior Senator from Michigan [1\Ir. McMILLAN], and there­ so as to read: fore withhold my ~vote. If he were present, I should vote" yea." lU6. Hops, 12 cents per pound. Mr. PASCO (when his namewas-called). I again announce my 1\Ir. JONES of Arkansas. I move to amend the proposed amend­ pair with the Senator from Washington [Mr. WILSON]. If he ment·by striking out "twelve" and inserting ' eight." were present, I should vote "yea." The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment to the amendment Mr. PROCTOR (when his name was called). I am paired with will be stated. · the junior Senator from Florida [Mr. MALLORY]. The SECRETARY. It is proposed to amend the committee amend­ 1\Ir. TILLMAN (when his name was called). I again announce ment, on page 72, line 4, after the word" Hops," by striking out my pair with the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. THURSTON]. "twelve" and inserting "eight;" so as to read: The roll call was concluded. lU6. Hops, 8 cents per pound. Mr. GEAR. I am paired with the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH]. I transfer that pair to the Senator D.·om Massachu­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendment setts [Mr. LODGE], and vote "nay." to the amendment. Mr. -wHITE (after having voted in the affirmative). I inquire ::M:r. JONES of Arkansas. I have a communication from anum­ if the Senator from Idaho [Mr. SHOUP] has voted? ber of hop exporters and importers showing the condition of the The VICE-PRESIDENT. He has not. trade in hops. and, as it seems to me, the absolute usele ~sness of Mr. WHITE. I am paired with that Senator, and therefore this increase in the present tariff. The rate proposed by me is withdraw my vote. that which is now the law. I will read a statement made by these .Mr. BURROWS. I notice that the senior Senator from Louisi­ gentlemen showing the condition of this trade: ana rMr. CAFFERY] is not present. I am paired with that Senator, No. 35 PEARL STREET, NEW YoRK CITY, ltfarch 1?9, 1897. \, andlrequestthatmyvote maybe withdrawn. I voted without ob­ To the Senate Finance Committee of the United States, Washington, D. C.: serving his absence. I ask leave to withdraw my vote on the last The undersigned, hop merchants, exporters and importers, respectfully submit the following statement of facts in relation to the hop trade, to dem­ roll call. on trate that the proposed increase in the duty on hops from 8 cents to 15 The VICE-PRESIDENT. If there be no objection, it will be so cents per pound will be an injury rather than a benefit to the producer, that ordered. it will be a hardship to the consumer, and that it will probably prove of no advantage whatever from a revenue point of view, and is therefore against Mr. WHITE. I suggest to the Senator from Michigan that we public policy. might exchange pairs and vote. I am paired with the Senator from l!'irst. The present duty of 8 cents per pound affords J?rotection. to the ex­ Idaho (Mr. SHOUP] and the Senator from Michigan is paired with tent of fully 100 per cent upon the average cost of producmg hops in America. In proof of this it may be stated that on the Pacific Slope where three-fifths the Senator from Louisiana [Mr. CAFFERY]. If the Senator has of the tota.l American crop is now produced, hops can be grown, harve ted, no objection, I will transfer my pair to the Senator from Louisiana cured, and baled, ready for market, at a cost of only 6 cents per pound, and [Mr. CAFFERY], and that will enable the Senator from .Michigan can be delivered in New York at 7t cents. A large proportion of the Oregon crop of 1 96 was sold under contract by growers at 6 cents per pound six and myself to vote. · months before har\est time. and before they had incurred any outlay for the Mr. BURROWS. That will be entirely agreeable to me. I vote purpose of cultivation. In N ew York StatP, which produces the other two­ "nay." fifths of the Ameriean crop, the cost of production is po-pularly supposed to be 10 cents per pound, but without doubt a large proportion of the crop is Mr. WHITE. I vote ''yea." now being produced at a much lower cost. The result was announced-yeas 23, nays 29; as follows: Second. The annual exports of American hops ab orb about one-third of our production and have become such a serious menace to the English grow­ ers that they are continually b eseeching Parliament to protect them against YEAS-~. American competition. During the past three years the volume of exports Bacon, C-Ockrell, McLaurin, Roach. have averaged nearly half the total quantity of hops consumed by American Bate, Gray, Mills, Turpie, brewers. Berry, Harris, Tenn. Mitchell, Vest, Third. The small quantity of European hops which are imported to this Butler, Jones, Ark. Morgan, Walthall, country do not really enter mto competition with the home product. They Chilton, Kenney, Murphy, White. are used for special purposes by brewers of high-grade beers, who blend them Clay, McEnery, Pettus, with American ho-ps in the proportion of about one to ten, mainly to impart to their beer a certain flavor which can not be acquired in any othru· way, and which will enable them to successfully imitate the flavor of foreign beers. NAYS-29. Their special value consists in their peculiar aroma, and it is doubtful if in other respects they possess as much merit as our home product for general Allison~ Foraker, Mason, Quay, Burrows, Gallinger, Morrill, Sewell, brewing purposes. Carter, Gear, Penrose, Spooner, Fourth. The ratio of jmports to exports is, on the average, about 1 to Chandler, Hansbrough, P erkins, Wellington, 7 and the extent to which imported hops may be said to displace our Cullom, Heitfeld, Pettigrew, Wetmore. native hops is certainly not over 7 per cent of the total consumption of th~ Davis, Hoar, Platt, Conn. United States. Even this small displacement is probably fully balanced by Deboe, Kyle, Platt, N.Y. the extent to which our exporters are relieved from the competition of McBride, Pritchard, Germany in the London market. It is an axiom in the hop trade that Lon­ Fairbanks, don makes our prices, so that the exports of German hops to England are of NOT VOTING-3i. vastly more importance to the American grower than are the exports of German hops to the United States. In this connection attention should be Aldrich, George, Mallory, Teller, called to a report made by Louis Stern, United States commercial agent at Allen, Gorman, Mantle, Thurston, Bamberg, September 14, 1896, upon the German hop trade, setting forth how Baker, Hale, Martin, Tillman, seriou ly the trade in German hops is threatened by Ameriean competition Caffery, Hanna, Nelson, Turner, in the English market. Cannon, Harris, Kans. Pascu, Warren, Clark, Hawley. Proctor, Wilson, And yet we are proposing to protect the American market against Daniel, Jones, Nev. Rawlins, Wolcott. competition of this kind, when we are threatening their market Elkins, Lindsay, Shoup, abroad and selling a large percentage of our hops. Faulkne1·, Lodge, Smith, Frye, McMillan, Stewart, Fifth. The past four years in the hop trade have been marked by an era of low prices~ resulting from constant overproduction. Thi.c;; conclusion is So the amendment was rejected. evident from the fact that the consumption of beer has not decreased, show­ The next paragraph was read, as follows: ing that the situation was not influenced by the general business depression. The plain t1·uth of the matter is that the majority of the growers in New 245. Honey, 20 cents per gallon. York State can not successfully compete with those on the Pacific Coast, and it is therefore the refinement of cruelty to bolste1· them up by cre~~oting in Mr. VEST. I move to strike out "twenty" and insert "ten," their minds a false impression of the probable benefit to them of a practically prohibitive tariff. which is the rate in the present law. Sixth. With regard to the revenue from imported hops, the statistics of The SECRETARY. In line 3, page 72, it is proposed to strike out the Treasury Department will show that the revenue derived from hops un­ " twenty" and insert "ten;" so as to read: der the operation of the McKinley bill (when the duty was 15 cents per pound) was less than during the same period prior thereto, when the duty 245. Honey, 10 cents per gallon. was only 8 cents per pound. Your attention is directed to the following resolution, which was adopted Mr. VEST. I want to call attention to the official report of ex­ unanimously at a full meeting of hop merchants and growers held in New York on April2, 1894, and embodied in a petition sent to the United States ports and imports. We exported of honey in 1896,$90.959 worth, Senate, to wit: and we imported $17,632 worth, showing an excess of exports over •· Resolved, That the hop trade as a unit deplores the action of tha l<'inance imports of more than $70,000 in the year 1896. There can not be Committee of the United States Senate in having recommended a cbanga in the hop schedule of the Wilson bill, recently passed by the House of Repre­ any pretense of the necessity for protection to this simple produc­ sentatives, whereby the tariff on hops is to be changed from a specific to tion, and it certainly does not bring us any revenue. I can not an ad valorem duty, and that the said hop trade unanimously petitions the see any necessity for imposing this G.uty upon an article entirely honorable t.he Senate of the United States to reinstate the Wilson schedule of specific duty. harmless and entirely necessary. "Resolved, ':rbat although the opinion of different members of the trade The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendment has been at variance as to the amount of said specific duty, they have, after proposed by the Senator from Missouri [Mr. VEST]. a conference with the hop growers throughout the State of New York, united in petitioning that the rate established by the Hou e of Representatives, to The amendment was rejected. wit, 8 cents per pound, be adopted by the Senate." The reading of the bili was resumed. The next amendment of We respectfully submit that the proposal to increase the duty upon hops the Committee on Finance was, in paragraph 246, page 72, line 4, is undesirable from every point of view, and is calculated to ca:st disCl·ewt: 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1753 upon the protection idea. We ask your committee to grant UB the privilege ican hops, but wi:H have the effect either of terminating such importations­ of a hearing. which is not likely-or of compelling the brewer to pay a higher price for Very respectfully, such hops, through an additional and unnecessary tax. It can be shown that Hugh F. Fox, 35 Pearl street, New York; Rothbarth & Sons, 35 the home production exceeds the home demands; but it has also to show that Pearl street, New York; T. Rosenwald & Co., 15 Water street, the surplus of domestic production or con~umption finds a ready market in New York; E. Wattenberg Co., 1.; Meyer Supply creased duty upon home prices applies, of course, only tci a normal sta-te of Co., St. Louis, Mo.; L. R. VanDerveer, Buffalo, N. Y.; Elsas & affairs; but it will readily be understood that sharp dealers, and the strong· Pritz, Cincinnati, Ohio; A. Lehman & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio; . est support of the proposed increase emanates from dealers, may, by a combi­ Herman Goepper & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio; A. Magnus's Sons, nation of favorable circumstances and their own shrewdness, so manipulate Chicago, lll.; Cleveland Brewers' Supply Co., Cleveland, Ohio. the m..1.rket as to enhance prices in a manner that will not at all increase the rrofits of the producer, but simply those of the middlemen. The specific duty of 8 cents a pound put in that bill was under­ In the event of a failure of the American hop crops the poor-protected stood to be entirely satisfactory to the hop growers at that time. farmer will not be saved by an increased duty, but the brewer would be com­ peUed to seek supply in foreign markets and pay for it an exorbitant tax into N ow, notwithstanding the fact that there is only about 7 per cent the national Treasury, already too plethoric for the common welfare. of the total consumption of hops imported into the United States, The mlient point of the opposition to an increased duty may be summed notwithstanding the fact that we -ship abroad from a third to a up in a few sentences. The object of protection is to guard the American producer against the competition of the purchasers of the cheap commodities. half of all the hops raised in the United States, and notwithstand­ ln our case the fact is that foreign hops are by far dearer on account of ing the fact that American h9ps regulate the prices and value of duties, cost of transportation, ete., than the American J)roduct, while the hops in the London markets, it is proposed to go through the form American product is being sold with profit to the American producer in of unde1·taking to increase the price of American hops by raising European mark.:ts at foreign prices. this duty. There can not be any pretense that it is to raise rev­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendment enue, because the importation of hops is infinitesimal, and the proposed bytheSenatorfromArkansas [M:r. JONES] totheamend· duty can have no effect, e.xeept probably locally, to interfere with ment reported by the committee. the natural operations of trade. :Mr. VEST. I ask for the yeas and nays. Mr. VEST. Mr. President, I realize the fact that it is hopeless The yeas and nays were ordered; and the Secretary proceeded to to obtain any reduction of the items in this tariff bill. I am can the roll. simply discharging a duty placed upon me by a brother Senator Mr. CLAY (when his name was called). I am paired with the when I send to the desk a communication from the brewers of Senator from Massachusetts [1\Ir. LoDGE]; but I transfer that the city of St. Louis-which has a very large brewing interest­ pair to the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH]. and vote'' yea." asking that the duty on hops be put back to 8 cents, as under the Mr. FAULKNER (when his name was called). I am paired existing law. with the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. ELKINS]. I want to state, :Mr. President, that the evidence is incontesta­ Mr. GEAR (when his name was called). I transfer my pair ble that these foreign hops are absolutely necessary to the Ameri­ with the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] to the junior Sen­ can brewer, and that they do not interfere with the hop-growing ator from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE], and vote " nay." interest of the United States, because, as my colleague on the Mr. HANNA (when his name was called). I am paired with committee [Mr. JONES of Arkansas] says, large quantities of the junior Senator from Utah [Mr. RAWLL'l"S]. If he were pres­ American hops are sent abroad and sold in Europe at a profit. ent, I should vote" nay." There is no rivalry between. the foreign hops and the hops grown Mr. LINDSAY (when his name was called). I announce now in the United States, and especially in Oregon. for the day my pair with the senior Senator from Michigan [Mr. I send to the desk the communication, and ask that it be read. McMILLAN]. If he were here, I should vote " yea." It is very short. Mr. PASCO (when his name was called). I again announce The VICE-PRESIDENT. In the absence of objection, the my pair with the Senator O:om Washington [Mr. WILSON]. If he Secretary will read as requested. were present, I should vote ''yea." The Secretary read as follows: .1\Ir. PROCTOR (when his name was called). lam paired with ST. LOUIS, Mo., Ap1"illO, 1894. the Senator from Florida [Mr. MALLORY]. Hons. GEORGE G. VEST and FRANCIS M. COCKREJ,L, United States Senate, Washington, D. C.: .1\Ir. WELLINGTON (when·his name was calleQ.). I am paired with the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. BUTLER]. In his We, the undersigned, representing substantially the entire brewing inter­ est of the city of St. Lonis, Mo., hereby petition you, praying for the reasons absence, I withhold my vote. If he were present, I should vote set forth by the trade committee of the New York Produce Committee, that "nay." . the duty on hops be restored to 8 cents per pound specific, as fixed by the Mr. WHITE (when his name was called). I am paired with Wilson tariff bill now pending. ST. LOUIS BREWING .Ass'N, the Senator from Idaho [M.r. SHOUP]. EhLIS WAINWRIGHT, Prest. The roll call was concluded. ANHEUSER-BUSCH B. ASS'N, l\ir. BURROWS. I am paired with the senior Senator from ADOLPHUS BUSCH, P1·est. THE AMERICAN BREWING Co., Louisiana rMr. CAFFERY], but I transfer that pair to the Senatol' By HENRY KOEHLER, JR., President. from Nevaaa [Mr. JoNES], and vote" nay." HoME BREWING Co., - Mr. PROCTOR. I have announced my pair with the juniol' Per THEO. HEROLD, Prest. NATIONAL :aRE'WERY Co., Senator from Florida (¥:r. MALLORY], but I will transfer that Per HENRY GRIESEDIECK, J.a., P1-est. pair to the Senator from Kansas [Mr. BAKER] , and vote'' nay." COLUMBIA BREWING Co., Mr. DANIEL. I beg leave to state that I am paired with the Per CHAS. F. KOEHLER, Prest. w. J. LF..MP BREWING Co., Senator from North Dakota [Mr. HANSBROUGH]. Otherwise I W. J_ LEMP, Prest. should vote ''yea." Mr. VEST. Here is a communication, in addition to that sent The result was announced-yeas 22, nays 28; as follows: to me by the St. Louis brewers, accompanied by a letter from YEAS-22. Hon. Ashbel P. Fitch, formerly a member of Congress from New Bacon, Gorma~ Mills, Tillman, York. This represents the wishes and opinions of the entire Bate, Gray, Mitchell, 'furpie, brewing interest of the city of New York. Berry, Harris, Tenn. Morgan, Vest, Chilton, Jone~Ark . Murphy, Walthall. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Secretary will read as requested. Clai' Kenney, Rawljns, The Secretary read as follows: Coc rell, McLaurin, Roach, From the point of view of the protectionists the proposed increase of the NAYS-28. du~ on foreign hops must appear exc-eedingly illogical for these reasons, viz: First. Because the American hop growers are not in any manner affected Allison, Fairbanks, Kyle, Platt, N.Y. by the importation of foreign hops, which does not amount to 10 per cent of Burrows, Foraker, McBride, PritcharA~siA'C':i a11d dealers Till not, affect the price of Amer- Caffery, Faulkner, Harris, Kans. McEnery, 17'54 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. '\

McMillan, Pasco, Smith, Wellington, I wish to say a word, but without any hope of changing the Mallory, Pettigrew, Stewart, White, Mantle, Pettus, Teller, Wilson, result. It is due to the current history of tariff, I think, that' it Martin, Quay, 'l'urner, Wolcott. should be stated. We exported of the ordinary American onion M~ou, Shoup, Warren, $61,000 worth, and we imported largely more. than that of Ber­ So the amendment to the amendment was rejected. muda onions, but the Bermuda onion, as will be seen by the tes­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the timony before the Ways and Means Committee, does not at all amendment of the committee. compete with the onion of the United States. It is an entirely The amendment was agreed to. different species of the same genus, and it comes at a time when Mr. ALLISON. I move to add to the paragraph what I send to we produce no onions in this country, even under the hothouse the desk. · system. The Bermuda onion comes to the United States in Jan­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will be stated. uary, and from that on until March, and as soon as the American The SECRETARY. At the end of paragraph 246 it is proposed to crop comes into the mar~et, the Bermuda onion is not imported add: here at all and ceases to be a competitor. Now, the effect of this provision doubling the duty over existing Hop extract and lupulin, 50 per cen~ ad valorem. taxation on this vegetable is simply to make those persons who, Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I hope the ·senator from Iowa will after a long, hard winter, and especially in the Northern States, explain something abont the significance of the amendment. desire some vegetable to relieve the natural craving of the stom­ Mr. ALLISON. Hop extract is imported; 1 pound of it con­ ach and appetite for some vegetable or fruit, pay twice as much tains the essence of 12 pounds of hops, and it is sold at a yery high as they do now in the shape of taxation. I balieve it is an admitted price. fact by experts in hygiene-naval, military, civilian-that no veg­ Mr. JONES of Arkansas. ~bout what price? etable is equa.l _to the onion-in its beneficent effects on the human Mr. ALLISON. Hop extract sells for 1 a pound. system. I heard General Hardee, who, whatever might have been Mr. VEST .. Is there any estimate in the comparative state- his position in the war, was recognized ~s the finest hygienic au­ ment a.s to hop extract and lupulin? • thority in the world, admitted all' over Europe to be so, declare Mr. ALLISON. I have a memorandum here covering the cost. once that if you would give him a sufficient supply of onions on Hop extract sells for $1 per pound. shipboard or in the army, he would pledge his life that scurvy Mr. VEST. Is there anything in the comparative statement would never appear. about it? When our troops were in f1·ont of Atlanta, and, on account of Mr. ALLISON. No. Hop lupulin is the hops treated so as to defending in the trenches without moving, were exposed to scurvy get out all there is in the hops, so that a pound of lupulin is equal and all the·diseases incident to the want of exercise and insuffi­ to about 4 pounds of hops. · cient food, .the farmers of Georgia called upon General Hardee, Mr. VEST. What are these articles used for? through their representative men, and asked him what they should Mr. ALLISON. For the same purposes that hops are used for. bring to relieve the army. He said "Onions, onions;" and they Mr. GALLINGER. And for medicinal purposes. were brought there, as many Senators around me know, in great Mr. ALLISON. And for medicinal purposes as well. They wagonloads, dumped down in the trenches, and the men ate them, are simply the value of the hops extracted and put in a small oftentimes without salt. The army'was healthy, as healthy as any compass. · army that could be found, considering the position in which it was Mr. WHITE. The Senator says they are used for medicinal placed. purposes? Now, why should we put a double duty on this vegetable, which Mr. GALLINGER. They are. does not compete with those grown in the United States, which Mr. WHITE. Would they not then come under the general are absolutely necessary at the time of the year when they come medicinal preparation classification? in? I leave the matter to the Senate. Mr. ALLISON. I suppose they would. We propose to make The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the the duty 50 per cent ad valorem. _ · amendment proposed by the Senator from Missouri. Mr. WHITE. Are they used for anything except medicinal - The amendment was rejected. purposes? The VICE-PRESIDENT. The committee amendment will be Mr. ALLISON. They are used for the same purposes in brew­ stated. ing that hops are and for all purposes for which hops are used. The SECRETARY. After the word "bushel," in paragraph 247, Of course, if hops are made into extracts in this way, they would line 5, page 72, it is proposed to strike out "garlic! 1 cent per get a much lower rate than is provided for here, unless we make pound." an ad valorem rate. Mr. ALLISON. On behalf of the majority of the committee, I Mr. GRAY. What is the revenue to be produced? withdraw the committee amendment. · Mr. ALLISON. It is not very large. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The committee amendment will be Mr. GRAY. It is not a revenue measure? considered as withdrawn. Mr. ALLISON. Certainly; absolutely so. - It is with a view of Mr. ALLISON. Now I move to amend the bill by inserting securing the revenue both from hops and the extract of hops that before the words "one cent" the words ''three-fourths of;" so as the amendment is proposed. to read, "garlic,. three-fourths of 1 cent per pound." Mr. GRAY. I understood the Senator first answered that there Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I hope the Senate will stand by the would be very little revenue. committee in its first recommendation, Mr. ALLISON. Very little revenue compared with the revenue Mr. VEST. The amendment puts back, I understand, a duty from articles largely imported. Of course hops is not a very large of three-quarters of a cent a pound on garlic. article of importation. Mr. ALLISON. Three-quarters of a cent. I understand we Mr. WHITE. Are there any statistics giving the amount im­ can produce garlic in this country very largely. · ported into this country either of hop extract or lupulin? · Mr. VEST. Why do you put this duty on, then? Mr. ALLISON. It is impossible to give the figures, because Mr. ALLISON. I do not think it will do any harm. It is a the articles come now under the basket clause of the tariff act. small provision. · I think there ought to be no objection to this amendment. Mr. VEST. If, as the Senator says, we can produce plenty of Mr. GRAY. It strikes me that before the amendment is voted garlic in this country, why do you want to put three-fom·ths of a on we ought to understand whether this tax will not be a serious cent protective duty on it? I am afraid to continue the discus­ burden upon an article which, according to the Senator from New sion, however, for fear the Senator from Iowa will put it back to Hampshire [Mr. GALLINGER], is a medicinal preparation; and I 1 cent a pound, like the old preacher who said, "Blessed are ye can understand that it is used as a tonic for invalids, and-especially who expect nothing, for ye shall not be disappointed." in hospitals, and that there must be some really very weighty rea­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the son why we should burden that class of our people with this addi­ a~endment of the committee. tional tax. I think that all such tonics and nutritives should be The amendment was agreed to. on the free list, unless there is some g-ood reason to the contrary. The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of Mr. ALLISON. I do not think this article is used very largely the Committee on Finance was, in paragraph 248, line 9, page 72, for medicinal·purposes. • after the word "dried," to insert "20 cents per bushel;" so as to The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the make the paragraph read: amendment of the committee. 248. Pease, freen, in bulk or in barrels, sacks, or similar packages, 40 cents The amendment was agreed to. . per bushel o 60 pounds; pease, dried. 20 cents p er bushel; split pease, 50 The ·reading of the bill was resumed, beginning at paragraph cents per bushel of 60 pounds; pea e in cartons, paper&, or other small pack­ 247, as follows: ages, 1 cent per pound. 247. Onions, 4{) cents per bushel. Mr. ALLISON. I desire to modify the amendment. In line 8 I move to strikeout "forty" and insert "thiity;'' in line 9 I move ::M:r. VEST. I move to strike out "forty" and insert "thirty;" to strike out "twenty" and insElrt "thirty;" in line 10 I move to so as to read, "30 cents per bushel," which is the existing law. strike out "fifty" and insert "forty." ·.

1897. ' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE~ 1755

The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will be stated. Mr. ALLISON- The SECRETARY. It is proposed in line 8 to strike out " forty " lilies of the valley, azaleas, palms, and other plants used for forcing under and insert" thirty;" in line 9 to strike out "twenty" and insert glass for cut·flowers- "thirty;" and in line 10 to strike out "fifty" and insert "forty;" Mr. VEST. Yes. so as to make the paragraph read: Mr. ALLISON- 248. Pease, green, in bulk or in barrels, sacks, or similar packages, 30 cents or decorative purposes, 10 per cent ad valorem. per bushel of 60 pounds; pease, dried, 30 cents per bushel; split pease, 40 cents per bushel of 60'lounds; pease in cartons, papers, or other small pack- Mr. VEST. That is right. ages, 1 cent per poun . . Mr. ALLISON. We have increased it only slightly. Mr. VEST. I should like to inquire. of the Senator from Iowa Mr. VEST. You have now extended it to all natural flowers­ what is the duty in the existing law upon pease, green, in bulk or a violet or a rose. in barrels, sacks, or similar packages. I have it marked free. I Mr. ALLISON. Used for the same purpose. move to strike out all of paragraph 248 down to and including 1\ir. VEST. It applies toanyfreshfiowers that come in. There tl;te word '' pounds," in line 8, for the purpose of placing those is no such provision in the act of 1894. articles, pease, green, in bulk, etc., on the free list, where they Mr. ALLISON. Let the amendment be read, and we will see are now. how many are incorporated in it that are not found in the act of I call attention to the fact that by the comparative statement of 1894. exports and imports we exported, in 1896,$632,000 worth of pease The Secretary again read the amendment. and beans and imported $297,000 worth, being about three times Mr. ALLISON. We have substantially included the same ar­ as many exported as imported; and yet we take this article off ticles put in the act of 1894- the free list and propose to put upon it the high duty of 40 cents, Mr. VEST. No; I beg pardon. I believe reduced now to 30 cents, under the amendment. I move Mr. ALLISON. Except under the stress of revenue we have to strike out the lines I have indicated, so as to leave the article increased the ad valorem. I hope the Senator from. Missouri will where it is now. not make any further objection to it. The VICE-PRESIDENT. In order to perfect the text first, the Mr. VEST. The Senator from Iowa and I ought to deal with amendment of the committee is in order. The question is on each other frankly. We have known each other a long. time, and agreeing to the amendment of the Committee on Finance as have served here together a long time. Does he mean to say that modified. he has not put into this item anything except what is in the act The amendment as modified was agreed to. of 1894? . The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the Mi·. ALLISON. We have put in sorpe other things of like char- amendment of the Senator from Missouri, to strike out what will acter, but only two or three others. be read. Mr. VEST. You include bulbs of all sorts. The Secretary read as follows: Mr. ALLISON. Those of like character; similar things: Pease, green, in bulk or in barrels, sacks, or similar packages, 30 cents per Mr. GRAY. How about daisies. bushel of ~pounds. Mr. ALLISON. We do not include daisies. They are of do- The amendment was rejected. mestic growth. . Mr. ALLISON.. I move to insert a new parag1·aph after line 12, Mr. VEST. I have not a copy of the act of 1894 before me. to be called paragraph 248t. Mr. WHITE. I have it. The SECRETARY. It is proposed to insert as a new paragraph Mr. VEST. Will the Senator read it? the following: Mr. WHITE. The act of 1894 in this 1·espect reads as follows: 248t. Orchids, palms. dracmnas, crotons, and azaleas, 30 per cent ad valorem. Orchids, lily of the valley, azaleas, palms, a.nd other plants used for forcing Tulips, hyacinths, narcissi, jonquils, lilies, lilies of the valley, and all other under glass for cut flowers or decorative purposes, 10 per cent ad ~alorem. bulbs, bulbous roots, or corms which are cultivated for their flowers, 30 per cent ad valorem. Natural flowers of all kinds, preserved or fresh, suitable Mr. VEST. Is that all? for decorative purposes, 30 per cent ad valorem. Mr. WHITE. Yes; that is all. Mr. VEST. I promised myself not to consume-any time unless Mr. VEST. Here is the way the amendment reads: compelled to do it. This is a case of compulsion. I am bound to Orchids, palms, dra.cmnas, cnotons, and azaleas, 30 per cent ad valorem. say, with great respect, that the proposed amendment is an out­ Tulips, ~acinths, narcissi, jonquils, lilies, lilies of the valley, and all other rage. That we should change the existing law and put a duty now ~~~~~ varo~:~.?-Ots, or corms which are cultivated for their flowers, 00 per upon these flowers in their natural condition, or preserved and Then follows a provision which never was heard of before: brought in here to decorate our. homes or to adorn the dead, is an Nat ural flowers­ outrage, in my judgment. It is intended for but one purpose, and Natural flowers- that is to enable a lot of nurserymen in this country to charge the people of the United States more for their products. You can not ~~ a;'itf~~: preserved or fre~h, suitable for decorative purposes, 30 per cent obtain from one of these nurseries an ordinary rose for less than I ·am not able to give the information which my friend the Sena­ 15 or 25 cents, and some of them are as high as a dollar. They tor from Texas fMr. MILLs] asks, whether the amendment includes have now, I believe, forty-four different varieties of roses, and the dog's fennel and Jamestown weed. price goes up until a man of ordinary means is guilty of criminal - Mr. ALLISON. I will answer the Senator that it does not. · extravagance if he buys even one of them. Go down here and Mr. VEST. It must include Jamestown weed, because that has try to buy one of the American Beauties or Jack roses. · a flower, and a very beautiful one. I saw some the other day, and, attracted by their beauty, I went Mr. ALLISON. It would only be included where it is used for in and priced them. They were $2.50 a dozen. I contented my­ decorative purposes in some great city house. self by smelling one and walking out. What next will be taxed? Mr. VEST. I have seen Jamestown_weed used for decorative The air we breathe? If our Republican friends could find some purposes, and it is a very beautiful flower. _ sort of new invention to seize the atmosphere, they would not only tax the whole of it in the concrete, but tax the nitrogen and the I am fully justified, comparing the act of 1894 and the proposed oxygen. amendment, in stating that this is an entire innovation, and was Mr. GRAY. The raw materials. never before heard of in a tariff measure. Mr. VEST. The raw materials. They have taxed e·verything, Mr. ALLISON. Only a word more. We found in the erlsting and now the flower that adorns the humble home of the poor man, law these flowers used for pm·poses of luxury bearing a duty of 10 brightens the sick chamber, or goes upon the coffin of our dead is per cent ad valorem. If people go to the pains of importing flow­ to be put up by this enormous duty to enable the nurserymen in ers expensive in their character for pm-poses of adornment and the United States to rob and plunder, for that is the whole mean­ luxm·y, why should they not pay a little revenue? That is all there ing of it in plain English. I hope the Senate will vote the amend- is about it. ment down, but it is a faint hope. . Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I should like to ask the Senator Mr. ALLISON. I do not wish to occupy time. Under the act from Iowa a question in this connection. I am perfectly willing of 1894, the existing law, the great necessity of life known as or­ to put a tax, and I do not object to putting an increased tax, chids, which are found in every poor man's home in great quan­ on high-grade flowers, such as orchids and some of the others tities, and lilies of the valley are already taxed 10 per cent. The with unpronounceable names that follow here, of which I never Senator from Missouri four years ago did not observe the absolute heard and do not know anything about, but in the second para­ importance of these things to the poor man's home. gi'aph the majority have added a class of flowers on which I Mr. VEST. LetmeinterrupttheSenatorfromiowa. He ought respectfully submit to the Senate it _is not right to have this enor­ to be fair. Is there anything in the act of 1894 that taxes natural ~~ms t~~ imposed. I refer to tulips, hyacinths, narcissi, jonquils, flowers? • lil1es, ~lies of the valley, fiow.ers that are found in every home in the p-mte!'l States, ~nd there 1s not ten square feet of unoccupied Mr. ALLISON. Let me read the act: terntory m the Umted States scarcely, before any man's cabin, Orchids- that has not some of these flowers in it. They are everywhere. Yr. VEST. Oh, yes. They are of universal use, .and it seems to me .there is no reason 1756 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. JUNE 16~ why people should not have these flowers which are in common So the amendment to the amendment was rejected. use everywhere. Tb.e PRESIDING OFFICER. The question recurs on agreeing Is it a crime that the people of the United States desire to have to the amendment submitted by the Senator from Iowa. something that is beautiful for their children, something that The amendment was agreed to. will make their homes attractive, something that will add a charm The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was, in par­ to the cabin, and something which the children of the poor raise agraph 249, page 72, line 17, after the word " less," to insert " and in this country? evergreen seedlings;" and in line 2.3, after the word' stock," to Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. Will the Senator allow me to ask sb.ike out "unless otherwise specified, thirty " and in ert " not him a question? specially provided for in this act, twenty-five;" so as to make the Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Certainly. paragraph read: · Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. Does the Senator think that put­ 249. Stocks, cuttings or seedlings of Myrobolan plum, Mahaleb or Mazzard ting .a duty on those flowers when they are imported will prevent cherry, 3years old or less, $1 per thousand plants· stocks, cuttings or seed­ the poor people in this country from having them in their gardens? lings of pear, apple, quince and the St. Julien plum, 3 years old or less., and evergreen seedli_ngs, Sl.75 per thousand plants· rose plants, budded, grafted, :Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The finest class of hyacinths and or grown on their own roots, 3 cents eacP.; st.ocks, cuttings and seedlin~" of tulips are imported from abroad. The climate is better in Holland all frui~ a nd o~namental tr~es, deciduous and evergreen, shrubs and vrnes, than anywhere else for the production of these bulbs. You can manett1, mult1flora, and br1er rose, and all trees, shrubs, plants and vines, commonly known as nursery stock, not specially provided for in this act, 25 not find any such high-grade bulbs for hyacinths and tulips as you per cent ad valorem. get from abroad. The people of this country are entitled to have in front of their cabins as high-class flowers and as beautiful 1\Ir. ALLISON. I desire to call the attention of the Senator flowers as grow on the face of God's green earth. from Arkansas and the Senator from Missom·i to amendments The poor of this country ought to be allowed to have these flow­ that I propose in behalf of the majority of the committee in this ers, which are s urpassingly beautiful. We all admired them in paragraph, modifying the amendments already reported. our childhood, and we have admired them ever since. There is In line 15 I move to strike out" one dollar" and insert" 50 cents·" no sense, there is no justification, there is no apology, it seems to after the word "plants,' in the same line, to add "and 15 per ce~t me, in undertaking to levy a tax upon this article of almost uni­ ad valorem;" and in line 18 to strike out" and 75 cents' and insert versal use all over this country. I protest against it, Mr. P resi­ after the word " plants," "and 15 per cent ad valorem." ' dent. I hope that the Senate will n ot agree to this amendment. Mr. VEST. What does 15 per cent amount to in each case? I move to amend the amendment as offered by the Senator from This is a new section, and therefore I have not any data upon Iowa by striking out the words "tulips, hyacinths, narcissi, jon­ which to calculate. quils, lilies, lilies of the valley, and all other bulbs, bulbous roots, Mr. ALLISON. Yes; it is a new section. There are no data or corms." from the old law. Mr. VEST. And "natural flowers." 1\Ir. VEST. There are no data on which to calculate the percent­ Mr. JONES of Arkansas. And ''natural flowers." I move to age, .and that is the reason why I ask. strike out that clause. 1\Ir. ALLISON. Also, in line 20, I move to strike out "3 cents" The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. GALLINGER in the chair). and insert" 2t cents." I ask the Secretary to read the paragra_ph The proposed amendment to the amendment will be stated. as it would be if amended as I propose. The SECRETARY. It is proposed to strike out of the amendment The SECRETARY. If amended as proposed, paragraph 249 would the following words: read: Tulips, hyacinths, narcissi, jonquils, lilies, lilies of the valley, and all other 24!:). Stocks, c.uttings, or seedlings of Myrobolan plumi Mahaleb or Mazzard bulbs, bulbous roots, or corms which are cultivated for their flowers, 30 per cherry, 3 years old or less, 50 cents per thousand p ants and 15 per cent cent ad valorem. Natural flowers of all kinds, preserved or fresh, suitable ad \alorem; stocks, cuttings, or seedlings of pear, apple, quince, and the t. for decorative purposes, 30 per cent ad valorem. Julien plum, 3 years old or les , and evergreen seedlings, 1 per thousand plants and 15 per cent ad valorem~ rose plants, budded, grafted, or grown on Mr. 'JONES of Arkansas. I ask for the yeas and nays on agree­ their own roots, 2} cents each; stocks, cuttings, and eedlings of all fruit and ing to my amendment to the amendment. o~·namental tre~, deciduous and evergreen, shrubs and vines, manetti, mul­ The yeas and nays were ordered; and the Secretary proceeded tiflora, and br1er rose, and all trees, shrubs, plants, and vines commonly to call the roll. . ~~';~m~ nursery stock, not specially provided for in this act, 25 per cent ad Mr. CLAY (when his name was called). I transfer my pair with the junior Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE] to the Mr. VEST. Will the Senator from Iowa be kind enough to tell Senator from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH], and vote "yea." us what the per cent amounts to, because we have not the unit of Mr. FAULKNER (when his name was called). I am paired value? He strikes out half of the specific and inserts 15 per cent with the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. ELKINS]. If he were ad valorem. What is 15 per cent ad valorem equivalent to? present, I should vot.e "yea." :Mr ..ALLISON. Of course it is impossible, owing to the variety Mr. GEAR (when his name was called). I transfer my pair of prices of these articles, to estimate more than an average ad with the senior Senator fromNewJersey [Mr. SMITHJ to the junior valorem. It is our purpose, as near as may be, to make an aver­ Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LoDGE], and vote" nay." age of. about 30 per cent ad valorem. Of course it may be, and Mr. WELLINGTON (when his name was called). I announce probably will be, larger upon some of the very cheap importations. my pair with the junior Senator from North Carolina [Mr. BuT­ Mr. VEST. Now, I should like to ask the Senator another ques­ LER]. tion. I confess that that reply is not exactly satisfactory. I The roll call was concluded. would like to know whether we have an increase or a decrease by Mr. BURROWS. I am paired with the senior Senator from his amendment. I should like to know why stocks of the Mahaleb Louisiana [Mr. CAFFERY]. If there be no objection, I will trans­ or :Mazzai·d cherry, three years old or less. are put in with a specific fer that parr for the day to the Senator from Nevada [Mr. JoNES]. tax upon them. I never heard of that cherry before, and I do not I vote "nay." know what it is. . Mr. DANIEL. I am paired with the Senator from North Dakota Mr. ALLISON. We are told that it is a very fine variety of [Mr. HANSBROUGH] . If he were present, I should vote" yea." cherry; that they are imported by the thousand, and that the duty The result was announced-yeas 25, nays 33; as follows: ought to be a specific value, with a view-- YEAS-25. Mr. VEST. To keep it out? Bacon, Harris, Tenn. Morgan, Turpie, Mr. ALLISON. No; with a view to collect a real duty rather Bate, Jones, Ark. Murphy, Vest, than a nominal duty. So we have provided for a compound duty Berry, Kenney Pasco, here instead of a wholly ad valorem or wholly specific duty. Chilton, McLaurin, Pettus, ~~~ll, Clay, Mallory, Rawlins, Mr. VEST. I should like to ask my friend frankly, confiden­ Cockrell, Mills, Roach, tially, for the use of the Senate, whether this rate of duty was not Gray, Mitchell, Tillman, suggested on that specific article by some nm·seryman who did NA.YS-33. not want this Canadian cherry tree to come in here and compete Allison, Fr~ Mason, Sewell, with the cherry trees that he is selling. It never has appeared in Burrows, Ga. ·' ger, Morrill, Shoup, Carter, Gear, Penrose, Spooner, any tariff bill before. Chandler, Hanna, Perkins, Thurston, Mr . ALLISON. I have no doubt it was suggested by nursery­ Cullom, Hawley, Platt, Conn. men and others. We have suggestions coming all the time from Davis, Hoar, Platt, N.Y. ;ii!o~re, Deboe, Kyle, Pritchard, people who are familiar with the subjects and nurserymen are Fairbanks, McBride, Proctor, familiar with this subject. Foraker, McEnery, Quay, .1\fr. WIDTE. There is one word in this paragraph that is new NOT VOTING-31. to me. I am not very well versed in such matters. What is Aldrich, Elkins, Jones, Nev. Smith, meant by "manetti" in this connection? Allen, Faulkner, Lindsay, Stewart, Baker, George, Lodrle, Teller, Mr. ALLISON. Manetti vine? Butler, Gorman, Me illan, Turner, Mr. WIDTE. After vines, "manetti." ·Then follows "multi­ Caffery, Hale, Mantle, Warren, flora." Cannon, Hansbrough, Martin, Wellington, Clark, Harris, Kans. Nel':!on, Wolcott. Mr. ALLISON. I suppose it is an Italian plant. I do not know Daniel, Heitfeld, Pettigrew, what it is. I will say to my friend from Missouri I think thero 1897. ' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1757

is no trouble about this rate. The probability is that on some of elude it from competition with them; and the people of this coun­ these low-priced seedlings the ad valorem, if properly collected, try are to be made to use the cherries and plant the cherry trees will be more than 30 per cent, and on many of them it will be less. that these gentlemen have on hand and in the market. If that is Therefore we make a compound duty so as to equalize matters not protection run mad, I do not know what a financial and eco­ between the high-priced and the lower priced article. nomic lunatic asylum is. They have absolutely selected a partic­ :l't:lr. PLATT of Connecticut. I think I can answer the inquiry ular cheiTY tree and put an enormous duty upon it. If that is not of the Senator from California. class legislation I should like to have some gentleman on the other Mr. ALLISON. I hope the Senator can, because he desires to side tell me what is. know. I do not know what this cherry is. I have been under the im­ Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. As I understand. it is the wild­ pression, from observation and experience, that the finest cherries rose stock, imported for the purpose of grafting old ones upon. in the world are raised in the United States. I have never tasted :Mr. VEST. Mr. President-- any such cherries elsewhere. It is said that they have cherries Mr. PETTUS. I merely wish to offer an amendment, if the equal to them in France, but I have never seen them. The cherry Senator from Missouri will allow me to interrupt him. of Washington and Oregon is the finest fruit, in my opinion, that Mr. VEST. I yield with pleasure. was ever put in the mouth of mortar man. After eating them, Mr. PETTUS. I beg leave to offer an amendment to the sugar which you can do in any quantity without any injury to your schedule, and I ask that it be printed and lie on the table. health, I have nlways thought if it had been a cherry in the Mr. VEST. I should like to hear it read. Garden of Eden, instead of an apple, I would have gone very far Mr. PETTUS. Let it be read. toward excusing Adam for taking a bite. But it seems _these The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be read. gentlemen have discovered that there is a cherry in Canada which The Secretary read as follows: must be kept out of this country, and instead of having these Amendment proposed by Mr. PETTUS tp House bill No. 379. improved fruit trees cultivated in the United States, in the :Middle The importations into the United States from any foreign country of and Northern States particularly, they are to be excluded by an sugar, or of any material of which sugar can be made, by or for any trust, enormous taxation, whereas they are now upon the free list. combination, or conspiracy, existing or hereafter formed petween two or more persons or corporations, intended to operate in restraint of lawful 1\Ir. GEL<\.R. May I make a suggestion to the Senator from trade, or to hinder or restrain free competition, or to increase the market Missoru'i? price of sugar in any part. of the United States, is hereby declar ed to be un­ Mr. VEST. Of course. lawful, and such sugar and such material so imported into the United States :l'tfr. GEAR. The Mahaleb cherry is the stock. I do not recol­ shall be forfeited to the United States. And it shall be the duty of the Attorney-General of the United States to lect the cherry called the Mahaleb, but it is the stock on which cause proceedings to be instituted and prosecuted to enforce such forfeitures, cherries are grafted. and to enforce all other laws of the United States intended to prevent or sup­ Mr. VEST. I do not know, but I am as certain as I am that I press unlawful trusts, combinations, or conspiracies for the restraint of trade or free r:ompetition. am speaking in the Senate of the United States that some nursery­ .And the Attorney-General of the United States will report each year to man had a job when he had that put in. It was not done by the Congress of the United States concerning suchyroceedmgs so instituted accident, and it was no rhetorical exhibition. There is money and prosecuted. at the bottom of it. They never would have picked out this par­ Mr. HOAR. I desire to ask the Chair to give direction that the ticular cherry tree and put this enormous duty on it except to amendment be printed immediately, so that it can be returned answer their own purposes. The Senator from Iowa very frankly from the printers for the use of Senators forthwith. tells us that he presumes that it was done by some nurseryman: The PRESIDING OFFICER. That order will be made. The And it is for the benefitof the people of this entire country! Senator from Missouri will proceed. Mr. President, I speak with some feeling about excluding fruit Mr. VEST. Under the Wilson bill as it came from the House trees. I come from a State where fruit is the greatest possible there was as a duty upon "plants, trees, shrubs, and vines.of all luxury. The farmer upon the prairie, after the long, hard winter kinds commonly known as nursery stock, not specially provided and the struggle with all the opposing forces of nature, appreci­ for in this act," 20 per cent ad valorem. I think it was upon my ates fruit more than anything else-fruit and fish. I shall never motion in 1894 that all nursery stock was stricken out of the vote to exclude from this country any article that goes to add to dutiable list and put in the free list as paragraph 587. the comfort of the home of the Western pioneers who have blazed Unavailing as it will be, of course, I simply want to remark the pathway of civilization against all the rigors of nature, some that it seems to me this is a violation of all the rules that should of them with the ax in one hand and the rifle in the other. govern a civilized country in regard to the articles that are to be There is no justification for this sort of legislation. We have used for the benefit of their people. I have always understood now in the Treasury of the United States, I see by to-day's state­ that it was the highest duty of every government to furnish its ment, more tha,n $131,000,000 of surplus revenue. I should like to people with the instrumentalities for improvement in agriculture, hear from some Senator who believes that the taxing power of the manufactures, and commerce. It was one of the crowning glories, Government should be confined to the actual necessities of the Gov­ in my opinion, of Thomas Jefferson, that while he was minister to ernment economically administered what sort of excuse he finds France from this country, and viewing the great drama of the for voting-additional taxes, when the bill as it stands will produce French Revolution, the fall of the Bastile, the execution of the 850,000,000 surplus every year. And yet the majority of the King and Queen of France, he never for one instant ceased to Finance Committee, not content with the bill as it is, are now export by sailing vessels to the United States all sorts of foreign putting in...amendments at every stage increasing taxation, and plants and bulbs in order to improve the agriculture of the people increasing it upon articles which, I say, upon every principle of of this country. _ civilization and humanity, should be permitted to come to this One significant episode in his life is that he became greatly in­ country free. terested in the culture of rice, which was then just in its incipi­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The proposed amendments will ency in the Carolinas. He went over Europe incognito, crossed be separately stated. the Alps into Italy, after going through southern France, and 1\Ir. VEST. I shall move to strike out the whole paragraph, found in one of the provinces or districts of Italy a very superior with the view of putting the articles contained therein on the free article of rice. He was not able to secure any of it for export be­ list, but fu·st let the changes proposed by the committee be acted cause the laws of Italy prohibited its exportation, and it is said upon. that the author of the Declaration of Independence filled the pock­ The SECRETARY. In paragraph 249, on page 72, line 15, after ets of his Virginia overcoat-the old-fashioned Virginia coat, with the word ''less," the committee propose to strike out " one dollar" capes to it, which our grandfathers wore-with this rice, and, to and insert "50 cents;" and after the word "plants," in the same use plain language, smuggled it out of the country. The end line, to insert" and 15 per cent ad valorem." justified the means, possibly. He carried it to Paris, put it in The amendment was agreed to. small packages of five and ten grains, and sent it to Charleston, The next amendment was, in line 17, after the word "less," to S. C., and that was the basis of the South Carolina rice, the finest . insert "and evergreen seedlings." now in the world. I have always, as a Democrat and follower of The amendment was agreed to. Mr. Jefferson, boasted of his care for agriculture and his zeal in The next amendment was, after the words" one dollar," in line sending to this country European plants of every description that 18, to strike out "and 75 cents." might help the -peopl_e of the United States, both in articles of ne­ The amendment was agreed to. cessity and even of decoration. The next amendment was, after the word "plants," in line 19, Here the whole system is reversed. A lot of nurserymen, to to insert "and 15 per cent ad valorem." speak plainly, have gone before the controlling influence of the The amendment was agreed to. Finance Committee and shut out by enormous taxation superior The next amendment was, in line 20, before the word "cents," trees, shrubs, and flowers that come from Canada and from abroad. to strike out " three" and insert "two and one-half." They have absolutely now, for the first time (and I have been The amendment was agreed to. somewhat familiar with tariff bills in the last twelve or eighteen The next amendment was, after the words "nursery stock," U. years) , singled out specifically competing products like this cherry, line 25, to strike out "unless otherwise specified, thirty" and .and they have had such a duty put upon it as they know will ex- insert "not specially provided .for in this act, twenty-five." 1758 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 16,

The amendment was agreed to. ators are very largely interested in this matter, and one of them, The PRESIDWG O.f:t'.l'"lCEK The committee amendments to now apsent, intended to make the request that this should lie the paragraph having been agreed to, the Chair will call the at­ over; but I can nqt, in justice to myself and with due 1:egard to tention of the Senator from Missouri, as he indicated a desire to the desires of many constituents, permit even this opportunity to offer an amendment. pass without addressing a few remarks to the subcommittee of Mr. VEST. I now submit my motion to strike out the whole the Committee on Finance, entreating their favorable action. paragraph as amended, fm the purpose of putting all these articles There are among my constituents a large number of men who on the free list.· have been fo1· many years in the seed business. The name upon The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amend­ their packages is worth a dividend to them. Nothing ever went ment of the Senator fi"om Missouri [Mr. VEST] to strike out para­ from their gardens that was not what it purported to be . . They graph 249 as amended. are distl·essed very much by the abundant importation of seeds The amendment was rejected. from abroad bearing names not known, or, if known, not respected The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of here, which seeds are dumped upon us, are not pure and true, but the Committee on Finance was, on page 73, line 3, paragraph 250, are dirty and false, and are a great injury to' the legitimate trade. after the word " potatoes," to strike out "twenty-five" and· insert As to the duty, when a man brings in worthless seed, it does not "twenty;" so as to read: trouble him much to tell a lie about their value when you come 250. Potatoes, 20 cents per bushel of 60 pounds. to put 25 per cent ad valorem upon them. I want that returned to :Mr. ALLISON. On behalf of the majority of the Finance Com­ 40 per cent, as the House put it, to say the least. I concur with mittee I withdraw the amendment. several Senators, who wish this to go over for the present for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment proposed by the further consideration. committee striking out the paragraph will be regarded as dis­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the vote agreed to. adopting the last amendment, making the change to 25, will be Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I move to strike out" twenty-five" 1·egarded as reconsidered. · and insert" fifteen." I should not have made that motion if the Mr. LINDSAY. In connection with what has been saiu by the majority of the committee had stood by its own recommendation; Senator from Connecticut [Mr. HAWLEY], I call the attention of but as we reach each one of these proposed modifications of the the committee to the fact, evidenced by certain papers now here high rates as they appear in the Dingley bill the committee seems in the hands of the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, that inclined to give way on all of them and to cause us to abandon there is a certain Canadian seed, called the Canadian blue-grass the hope that we had that there was to be some reduction in the seed, which is imported into this country for use inNew England, rates of taxation as proposed by the original Dingley bill. . I there­ and nowhere else, and that portion not used in New England is fore move to strike out" 25 cents" and insert,; 15 cents," which used for the purpose of being mixed with the true American blue­ grass seed, it being worth about one-fourth as much, and Ameri­ is the rate in the present law. · can blue-grass seed has been put under the ban of suspicion every­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment of the Senator where by reason of the admixture. This seed whiph is grown in from Arkansas will be stated. Canada-and we object to everything that comes from Canada­ The SECRETARY. In paragraph 250, page 73, line 3, before the which is used only for the purpose of being mixed with an Ameri­ word " cents," it is proposed to strike out "twenty-five" and in­ can product in Ol'der to render the American product less valuable, . sert " fifteen;" so as to read: is put by this bill on the free list. 250. Potatoes, 15 cents per bushel of 60 pounds. I ask the Senator when he is considering New England that he ·Mr. VEST. Mr. President, this is another case like that of also consider the fact that seed which is not common to New onions. The imported potatoes do not come in competition with England goes on the free list, and therefore 25 per cent ought to the potatoes of the United States. The Bermuda potatoes come .satisfy him in regard to New England seed. into this country in the winter market. The importation com­ Mr. HAWLEY. Though not comprehending the Senator's ad­ mences about January and closes in March, or possibly in April, vice, I am obliged to him for his information. 'fo use the language when the new potatoes in the United States come into market, of Dick Swiveller, this whole trade is full of "various games of and there is no further importation or competition on the part of that sort." Of course seed imported under the circumstances the Bermuda potato. referred to by the Senator ought to be stricken from the free list, Now we come to the ne.xt proposition, as I understand it to be, and ought to go in with the others and pay at least 40 per cent in the platform of the Republican party as to this bill-the ques­ duty. tion of revenue. There is no protection. The market reports Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Before that paragraph is left, I should show and all the testimony conclusively establishes that under like to say, in connection with what the Senator from Connecticut the McKinley law, when the duty was 25 cents per bushel, in 1893 [Mr. HAWLEY] has just said, that I believe with him that in the we collected on imported potatoes 5127 ,588; under the Wilson Act, seed business the name is perhaps of more value than in any other after we had reduced the duty from 25 to 15 cents a bushel, in business, except -perhaps the jewelry business. I believe a good 1896 we collected 5371,485; in other words, the amount of revenue name in the seed business is equal to a dividend as a rnle. I do increased over three times under the lower rate. Now we ·are not b alieve that seeds brought here from abroad and dumped on asked to go ba-ck to the McKinley rate of 25 cents a bushel. As a the market are likely to do harm, comirig even in the way sug­ matter of course, it will result in a diminution of revenue, and gested, by reason of the fact that ordinarily I believe nine men the motion made by my colleague on the committee ought to be out of ten, if not ninety-nine out of one hund1·ed, will buy seeds sustained. of seed growers whose names are established and have been well The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amend- known for years. ment proposed by the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. JoNEs]. · For instance, Landreth & Sons, of Philadelphia, have been seed The amendment was rejected. growers for more than a century. I confess I was astonished to The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of get a pamphlet from that concern, saying that they had been con~ the Committee on Finance was, in paragraph 251, page 73, line 8, nected with the seed business from 1784 up to this time, that from before the word "cents," to strike out "thirty" and insert 1784 to 1861 there had. been no tariff on seeds, and that the tariff "twenty-five;"· and in line 14, before the words" per centum," to on seeds was first 10 per cent, then 20 per cent, then 30 per cent, strike out "forty" and insert "twenty-five;" so as to make the and now, for the first time in the history of this infant, which is paragraph read: 113 years old, in the hands of this one concern, the House pro­ 251. Seeds: Castor beans or seeds, 25 cents per bushel of 50 pounds; fl.axs~ed poses a tax of 40 per cent ad valorem, and the Senator from Con­ or linseed and other oil seeds, not specially provided for in this act, 25 cents necticut wants that tax imposed. I believe that the character of per bushel of 56 pounds; poppy seed, 15 cents per bnshel; but no drawback shall be allowed upon oil cake made from imported seed, nor shall any al­ these men is sufficient to guarantee the sale of their seeds every­ lowance be made for dirt or other impurities in any seed; seeds of all kinds where, and that no unknown and untried seedsmen can sell seed not specially provided for in this act, 25 p er cent ad valorem. in competition with such firms as that of Landreth & Sons. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. HAWLEY. The infant industry in this case is the fraud. Mr. HAWLEY. May I inquire how far the bill has been reJ:l.d? The old industry was honestly conducted. I have the honor of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Ohair will state that the bill having known Mr. Landreth very well for twenty-five years, and has been read and acted upon to the end of paragraph 251. he asks exactly what I ask, that frauds of that kind may be ob­ Mr. HAWLEY. I was listening and waiting for an opportunity structed. to make a suggestion on that. I did not know that it had been Mr. JONES of Arkansas. But the theory on which protection passed. . is asked is to protect infant industries; and where we have an The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator will be recognized establishment of this sort, of more than a century old, it seems to for that purpose. me that the excuse for this enormous tax is not sufficient. Mr. HAWLEY. _My attention has been particularly directed :Mr. HAWLEY. It is the thief that came in last night that is to lines 13, 14, and 15 of paragraph 251, "seeds of all kinds not the infant industry, and not the honest man, and against the thief specially provided for in this act, 25 per cent ad valorem," instead we desi.J.·e reasonable protection. of 40 per cent ad valorem, as the )louse bill had it. Several Sen- The PRESIDING OFFICER.- Without objection·, the portion 1897. CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-SENATE. 1759 of paragraph 251 indicated by the Senl:l.tor from Connecticut [Mr. appraising these goods is cha-nged. I mean to say that under the HAWLEY] will be passed over. existing law it is done by the linear inch-so many inches long The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendm~nt of and so many inches wide of the can or box-and here it is changed the Committee on Finance was, in paragraph 252, page 73, line 16, to cubic inches, and it is done by experts in the fish trade, as a after the wo1·d "ton," to insert "'gross weight;" so as to read: matter of course, for their own purposes. I have endeavored to 252. Straw, $1.50 per ton gross weight. find out whether it was an increase or a decrease, but I have been The amendment was agreed to. unable to ascer~n that fact from any of the experts. Paragraph 253 was read, as follows: In the comparative statement it is said, without the last amend­ 253. Teazles, 30 per cent ad valorem. ment of the Senator from Iowa, that the duty is about the same; but it is an indefinite piece of information. I do not think, with Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I believe that the rate of the present the greatest respect to Senators on the other side in charge of the tariff law is on teazles15 percent. The committee proposes to double bill, that they know accurately whether it is an increase or not. it. Theenormousamountof$441 worthwasimportedlastyear,and Of course I take it that the change is made by fish dealers and im­ I suppose the committee propose to get rid of this $441 of revenue porters, and that they have, as a matter of course, arranged the by taxing it out of existence. Certainly I suppose there is danger schedule so as to make it more difficult to import these fish to of overflowing the Treasury with the enormous amount of reve­ come in competition with the products which they sell. nue, and so this is to be gotten t·id of; otherwise I can not under­ Mr. ALLISON. These changes in phraseology were made after . stand the poUcy of doubling the tax on teazles. . examination by expert appraisers, who stated to us that the effect The reading of the bill wa-s resumed. The next amendment of is not to increase the duty. the Committee on Finance- was, on page 73, beginning in line 23, Mr. VEST. There ought to be an ad valorem duty upon these to strike out paragraph 255, as follows: fish. 255. Anchovies and sardines packed in oil or otherwise, and other fish packed in oil, in tin boxes measuring not more than 5 inches long, 4 inches Mr. ALLISON. Senators know perfectly well how reliable the wide. and 3t inches deep, 10 cents per box; in boxes measuring not more than experts are. I have no special knowledge as to these subjects, and 5 :inches long, 4 inches wide, and It inches deep, 5 cents per box; in boxes we must take the reports of experts as our guide. I have never measuring not more than# iuches long, 3! inches wide, and lt inches deep, 2t · cents per box; when imported in any other form. 40 per cent ad valorem; fish examined closely these fish in their original packages, but I have in cans or packages made of tin or other material, not specially provided for no doubt that this is an adjustment that is a wise one. I think in this act, 30 per cent ad valorem. _ there are one or two cases whe1·e the duty is increased from 20 per And in lieu thereof to insert: cent to 30 per cent, as I read the old statute, the existing law. 255. Fish known or labeled as anchovies, sardines, sprats, brislings sardels, Mr. ·JONES of Arkansas. I am a little apprehensive that the or sardellen, packed in oil or otherwise, in tins, boxes, or cans, shall be dut-ia­ .Senator has been mis1ed in this matter. I notice by the compara­ ble as follows: In boxes or cans containing 7t cubic inches or less, l t cents per tive statement submitted by the Treasury Department that these box or can; containing more than 7t and not more than 21 cubic inches, 2t cents per box or can; containing more than 21 and not more than 33 cubic rates are given as the same as those in the existing law; and run­ inches, 5 cents per box or can; containing more than 33 and not more than 70 ning over the matter hastily, I thought they were; but I desire to cubic inches, 10 cents per box or can; if in other packages, 40 per cent ad call attention to the law as it stands now, namely, fish '' packed in valorem. All other fish, if in tin packages, or if in packages containing less than one-half barrel, and not spec1ally provided for in this act, 30 per cent ad oil, or otherwise, in tin boxes measuring not more than 5 inches long, valorem. 4 inches wide, and 3t inches deep, 10 cents per whole box." A box Mr. ALLISON. I wish, on behalf of the majority of the Com­ 5 inches long by 4 inches wide and by 3t inches deep would con­ mittee on Finance, to modify the amendment proposed by the tain 70 cubic inches. committee in respect to this paragraph, and for convenience I Mr. ALLISON. Would it? have had the paragraph rewritten. I will ask the Senator from Mr. JONES of Arkansas. It must necessarily. A box 5 inches Arkansas and other Senators t-o pay close attention to the change long by 4 inches wide and 3t inches deep would necessarily contain of phraseology. We propose to insert" bottles and jars" with 70 cubic inches. Multiplying 5 by 4 it, would be 20; and multiply­ cans and other packages. Fish are imported in bottles and jars ing that by-3t would make 70. Now, the provision standing here as well as in cans, etc. says "in boxes or cans containing 7t cubic inches or less, 1t cents There is also a modification in the last part of the paragraph, per box or can." A 70-inch box, then, would contain ten times as and if Senators will pay attention to the phraseology, they will much as this, and would be dutiable undel" the present law at 10 see the change that is made. - cents, and under this p1·oposed law it would be about 15 cents; The PRESIDING OFFICER. The paragraph as proposed to which would be an increase of 50 per cent, instead of being the be modified will be stated. . present rate; , The Secretary read the paragraph as proposed to be amended, My own impression was at first glance that the paragraph was as follows: _ about identical with the old law; but I think, on examination, 255. Fish known or labeled a.s anchovies, sardines, sprats, brislings, sardels, that it is an increase of about 50 per cent; and that there is a or sardellen, packed in oil or otherwise, in bottles, Jars, tin boxes, or cans, larger increase in another respect. The language of the present shall be dutiable as follows: Containing 7t cubic inches or less, 1t cents per paragraph is "containing 7t cubic inches or less." So that if jt bottle, jar, box, or can; containing more than 7t and not more than 21 cubic inches, 2t cents per bottle, jar, box, or can; containing more than 21 and not contains only half as much, the gross tax is 1t cents per inch, if more than 33 cuoic inches, 5 cents per bottle, jar, box, or can; CQntaining more that remains in the law. · than 33 and not more than 70 cubic inches,10 cents per bottle, jar, box, or can; Take the next clause in the pending paragraph: if in other packages, 40 per cent ad valorem. All other fish, except shellfish in tin packages, 30 per cent ad valorem. Fish in packages containing less than Containing more than 7t and not more than2lcubicinches, ztcentsper box one-half barrel and not specially provided for in this act, 00 per cent ad or can; containing more than 21 and not more than 33 cubic inches, 5 cents valorem. per box or can. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Let me ask for information, Does the I think the entire pa.ragranh is an increase of something like 50 proposed amendment make any modification except that it adds per cent over the existing law. bottles and jars to cans and other packages? Does it change the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to rate? the amendment as modified. Mr. ALLISON. That is all, except that we have modified the The amendment as modifieu was agreed to. last part of the amendment by adding "all other fish. except shell- The t·eading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of fish, in tin packages, 30 per cent ad valorem." · the Committee on Finance was, in paragraph 256, page 75, line 8, Mr. JONES of Arkansas. How does that leave shellfish? What after the word "act," to strike out "and herring, fresh, one-half is the effect of that change? I do not quite understand it. of 1 cent per pound " and insert" one-fourth of 1 cent per pound;" Mr. ALLISON. Shellfish will be on the free list. so as to make the paragraph read: Mr. JONES of Arkansas. As to the tax of 40 per cent on line 256. Fresh-water fish not specially provided for in this act, one-fourth of 1 2, page 75, of the pending paragraph, what is that under the pres­ cent per pound. ent law? The amendment was agreed to. Mr. ALLISON. "If in other packages, 40 per cent ad valorem." The next amendment was to strike out paragraph 257, as follows: I think the rate is about 40 per cent now. _ 257. Herring, pickled, salted, smoked, or dried, and all fish not specially Mr. JONES of Arkansas. My impression was that the other provided for in this act, 1 cent per pound. rates are about the same as those in t he present law. and in lieu thereof to insert: Mr. ALLISON. It is 40 per cent in the present law. 257. Herrings, pickled or salted, one-half of 1 cent per pound; herrings, Mr. JONES of Arka_nsas. But the paragraph is constructed fresh, one-fourth of 1 cent per pound. differently. It seems to me that the rates are about the same. Mr. VEST. Wait a minute, Mr. President. I want to call at­ Am I mistaken in that? tention to paragraph 256, in regard to "fresh-water fish not spe­ Mr. ALLISON. They are about the same. I do not think there cially provided for in this act, one-fourth of 1 cent per pound." is any increase in that paragraph. Mr. GRAY. They ought to be free. Mr. VEST. I do not know the means of information open to Mr. VEST. _Under the existing law these fish come into the the Senator from Iowa, but I know it is absolutely impossible for United States free. The total amount of fresh fish of all sorts im­ a layman, like myself, to know whether this amendment as modi­ -ported in 1896 amounted to 8900,000. We have 10,000 miles -of fied or changed makes an increase or not. ·seaboard, and we have in the-interior of the country splendid riv- I call attention to the fact that the whole scheme or system of ers ahd lakes teeming .with fish, and yet we a~~ to put this duty 1760 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-_SENA'J'E. JUNE 16,

on, and to take this article, an article of absolute necessity as a Mr. WHITE. A fresh-water fish may be caught in fresh water, food, from the free list and impose a duty on it in the name of and the same sort of fish may be caught in salt water. Does that either protection to American fish or else of revenue. change the character of the duty? Here is the list of exports: Of fresh fish we exported $84,&14; Mr. ALLISON. This phraseology has been uniformly used, of dried fish, $448,286; of herring, $96,462; of mackerel, $15,692; of and I do not think there has been any difficulty. otber fish, $104,374; of salmon, $3,348, 89; of other fish, again, .1\Ir. JONES of Arkansas. There has been. $167,981; of shellfish we exported $291,707, and of oysters $696,179, Mr. ALLISON. Does the Senator from California propose any being in the aggregate largely above the imports that come into modification? the United States of an article, as I have said, of prime neces- l\1r. WHITE. I have no amendment. sity as a food; and yet we put this duty upon it and take the ar- Mr. ALLISON. I do not think it is a serious m atter. · ticle off the free list either for revenue or for protection, or for Mr. WHITE. I thought the Senator's attention might have both, and I am unable to see that it does either. been directed to it before. Mr. GRAY. Mr. President, I hope that now, even in the face Mr. VEST. I wish to ask the Senatorfrom Iowa a question. I of the ironbound rule of the caucus, the Senator from Iowa and do not exactly understand the phraseology. Paragraph 256, on the other Senators in charge of this bill will give a moment's page 75, reads: favorable consideration to the proposition to keep these fresh fish Fresh-water fish not specially provided for in this act. where they are now-on the free list. There is no article of food Paragraph 535t of the free list is as follows: that is more universally necessary and more universal in its use, Fish, fresh, frozen, or-packed in ice (except salmon), caught in the Great . at least on the Atlantic Seaboard and in the region of the lakes, Lakes or other fresh waters by or for American fishermen or citizens of the than the fresh fish that are brought to .the daily markets of the United States. large and small cities and towns that are within reach of that Those are on the free list. When you speak of fresh-water fish industry. In these hard times, when we are told that men are and then fish caught in the lakes, does that mean the same thing? starving, these times when depression and want stalk our streets, Suppose a salt-water fish should get into the lakes? it does seem rather hard to interpose any difficulty between the Mr. ALLISON. It means the same thing as respects fresh masses of the people and their access to this important and abso- waters or rivers. The lakes are described as the A.merican lakes. lutely necessary article of food. Mr. VEST. This excepts salmon, which are at one time a salt- Mr. ALLISON. If the Senator will allow me, if he will look at water fish and at another time a fresh-water fish. page 172 of this bill, he 'ivill find on the free list: Mr. LINDSAY. Shad? Fish, fresh, frozen, or packed in ice (except salmon), caught in the Great l\!r. VEST. It also includes shad and herr:lng. It is a peculiar Lakes or other fresh waters by or for American fishermen or citizens of the quality of the salmon and the shad that they go back to their first United States. . . . - · habitat, where they spawn. We have a stream in Arkansas, the Mr. GRAY. I see the provision 1s: Washita, where I have seen as fine shad as I ever saw in the Po- Fish, fresh, frozen, or packed in ice (except salmon), caught in the Great I tomac. I have seen shad from that river weigh 5 and 6 pounds, Lakes or other fresh waters. and as pala.table as any I ever saw in the city of Washington. That is better than I supposed. It happened a long time ago that a gentleman who lived in Mr. VEST. What paragraph is that? Maryland went for his health to the Hot Springs in Arkansas, Mr. GRAY. Paragraph 535i. That, however, does not apply and he had a great passion for shad. His healt~ was restored. He to fish caught on our Northern Seaboard, or where a person who was quite a fisherman, and he determined that he would bring happens to live on the border line of Canada comes in with a load the shad out and put them in the Washita River; and they are of fi h. there to-day in large quantities. They go out to the ocean at a Mr. ALLISON. It does not apply to the Atlantic Seaboard. certain time of the year and return in the spring. They are caught Mr. GRAY. I do not know that there are many cases of the in large quantities. My friend the Senator from Arkansas knows kind, but if a load of fish comes in caught by a Canadian fisher- that, as I know it personally. There is a salt-water fish, and yet man, why should this difficulty of a tariff exaction be imposed, you catch it in fresh water. not upon the fishermen, but upon the people who go to market to I do not see why salmon should be excepted. The official re­ spend their scant earnings in something that will sustain life and ports show that we exported 3,084,884 pounds of salmon put up in sustain it in a healthful and wholesome fashion? cans. The effect of this amendment in the free list-I am discuss- M.r. President, the duty, as read by the Senator from Missouri, ing it in connection with the other, although we have not reached is not very great, and the reports do not show very large impor- it-is simply that if the fish are caught by a Canadian fisher­ tations, but the duty is not the chief difficulty. The very fact man, they must pay the duty, unless he is paid by an American that you arrest a load of fresh fish and compel it to go through fish dealer. If he is paid by an American fish dealer, they come the red tape of custom-house officialism destroys in large part its in free; and yet we hear preans and appeals in behalf of American value, and instead of coming fresh to the tables of those who ought labor. A fish dealer under this provision can go over into the to be able to enjoy the bounty of the sea, they have to wait the Canadian waters or the waters of the Great Lakes under the juris­ weighing and the custom-house inspection, and if they get them diction of Canada, and employ the professional Canadian fisher­ at all, they get them deprived in large part of what makes them men and never pay one dollar to an American fisherman. Yet he appetizing and useful. can bring in his fish free, because the fish are paid for and the Mr. ALLISON. This is a very light duty. Canadian fisherman is paid by the day or week or month with the Mr. GRAY. Why should there be any duty? money of the American. It seems to me that is no protection to Mr. ALLISON. The fish are caught in the sea by fishermen. American labor. It is simply a protection to the speculator in Mr. GRAY. Of course they are. fish in ?rder to put up the price of the fresh fish to the people of Mr. ALLISON. Our American fishermen are under the im- the Umted States. pression that they ought to have a little advantage. The reading of th~ bill was resumed. Th6 next amendment of Mr. GRAY. Theyhave the advantage of free access to the sea, the Committee on Finance was to strike out paragraph 257 and and why should not the thousands and thousands who depend upon insert in lieu thereof the following: this wholesome food have some consideration? Why should they 257. Herrings, pickled or salted, one-half of 1 cent per pound; herrings, be taxed for the benefit of fishermen who already exercise a gain- fresh, one-fourth of 1 cent per pound. · ful calling? The amendment was agreed to. 1\'lr. ALLISON. The Senator will remember, for it is within The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was to his recollection (I am sorry I ha.ve not the document before me), strike out paragraph 258 and insert in lieu thereof the following: that a committee of this body, of which ex-Senator Edmunds was 258. Fish, pickled, in barrels or half barrels, not specially provided for in chairman, made an investigation as respects the effect of taking this act, and mackerel or salmon, pickled or salted, 1 cent per pound; fish smoked, dried, salted, pickled, frozen, packed in ice, or otherwise prepared off the duty, and it was found that there was no change in the for preservation, and fresh fish, all the foregoing, not specially provided for price of fish to the American consumer. It is quite a report, in this act, and fish skinned or boned, three-fourths of 1 cent per pound. made, I think, in 1890; I do not remember the number. It dis­ Mr. ALLISON. I desire to modifv the amendment of the com­ closed. that a small duty does not affect the price of fish at aU. It mittee by inserting the phraseology~! send to the desk in lieu of is only a question as to who shall have control of the local markets that originally proposed. as respects fish-our fishermen or the Canadian. Mr. WHITE. I call the attention of the Senator from Iowa to The SECRETA.RY. In lieu of the amendment which was orig­ what possibly may be an ambiguity in phraseology. It has been inally reported it is proposed to insert: Fish, fresh, smoked, dried, salted, pickled, frozen, packed in ice, or other· suggested by an expert. It is said·, " It has always been a matter wise prepared for preservation, not specially provided for in this act, three­ of controversy as to what constitutes fresh-water fish. Many fish fourths of 1 cent per pound; fish, skinned or boned, lt cents per pound, mack­ are migratory, and are caught at different perio~ both in salt erel, halibut. or salmon, pickled or salted, 1 cent per pound. c and fresh water." I desire to inquire whether the phraseology of Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I should 1ike to ask how this com­ . the bill is of a character to remove that diffic~lty? pares with the present rate. Are the fish provided for in this Mr. ALLISON. That is a difficulty. I suppose the Potomac is paragraph free under the present law? oalled a fresh-water river, and yet it empties into the sea. M~. ALLISON. I think not. It is a slight increase over the 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1761

present -rate under the entire paragraph. The only change from $1,.340,5071 But I suppose we are in great danger of losing the the printed paragraph; as the Senator will see, is that we have American market. Of green apples we exported, in 1896, S9 ~0,2S9 provided .a higher duty on fish skinned and boned. It has always worth and imported $95,090 worth; and in the face of these sta­ borne a hlgher rate. tistics we are to increase the duties. I have no doubt that in the l\Ir. JONES of Arkansas. I think some of the classes of fish next campaign the rural districts will resound with Republican mentioned h ere are free. I am not positive about it, however, but eloquence telling the farmers how they have been protected in where 1 cent a pound is provided in the pending amendment, their orchards. Four hundred and eighty-one dollars imports of three-fourths of a cent has been the rate heretofore. dried apples against $1,340,507 worth; $95,000 worth of green ap­ 1\Ir. ALLISON. Codfish and mackt3rel have been slightly ples imported against exports of $930.289! Yet our Republiean raised. friends will tell their dear bucolic supporters that they have died Mr. VEST. Some of these fish were put upon the free list by in the last trench in order to protect the orchards of the farmer the Wilson Act. This is therefore a great change, even under from the invasion of the foreign apple, the pauper apples of the amendment proposed by the Senator from Iowa. I do not Europe. understand the effect of the amendment. It is impossible to do The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the it in a running debate of the provisions of the bill. Of course amendment proposed by the Senator from Missouri it will be adopted as the committee have proposed it, and I will The amendment was rejected. let it go. The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the the Committee on Finance was to strike out paragraph 262 and amendment of the Committee on Finance as modified. insert in lieu thereof the following: The amendment as modified was agreed to. 262. Comfits, sweetmeats, and fruits preserved in su~r, molasses, spirits~ The r-eading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of or in their own juices, not specially provided for in this act, 35 per cent au valoremi if containing over 5 per ('.ent of alcohol a.nd not specially provided the Committee on Finance was to strike out paragraphs 259 and for in this act, 35 per cent ad valorem and in addition $2.50 per proof galion 260, as follows: on the alcohol contained therein in ~eess of 5 per cent; jellies

mitted fi·ee of dnty1 not exceeding J. quart in contents, shall be subject to a move to strike out" five" and insert" ten;" and in line 14, before doty of 6 cents per dozen cans or packages· and when .exceeding 1 quart, the words "per centum/' I move to strike out "five " and insert shall be subject to an additional duty of 3 cents per dozen for each additional ''ten;" so as to increase the percentage of alcohol. half quart or fractional part thereof. Mr. VEST. The Government statistics show this condition of The amendment was agreed to. commerce in regard to these commodities: Of p1·eser ved fruits we The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was, in line exported, in 1896, $1,376,281 worth; of other fruits, S60,353 worth; 18, paragraph 2·61, after the wOTd" apples/' to insert" and pears;" of all other fruits, SL868,353. We imported of fruits in their own and in line 19, after the word "peaches," to insert "pears;" so as juices, $207,931. Still, these duties must be raised in order to pro· to read: teet us against foreign importation. Apples and pears, green or ripe, 25 cents per bushel; apples, peaches, The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendmentof the Senator from pears, and other edible fruits, including berries, when dried, desiccated, evaporated or prepared in any manner, not specially-provided for in this Iowa to the amendment will be stated. act, 2 cents per pound. The SECRETARY. In line 10, paragraph 261, page 77, before the Mr. ALLISON. The committee wish to propose an amendment words "per eentum,"it is proposed to strike out" five" a,nd insert tg the amendment. In line 18, after the word u apples," I move to "ten;" and in line 14, before the words "per centum," it is pro­ insert "peaches, currants, quinces, cherries, plums." posed to strike out" five" and inse.rt "ten.;" so as to read: Comfits, sweetmeats, and fruits J?reserved in. sugar, molasses, .spirits, or in Mr. FRYE. Green? their own juices, not specially proVIded for in this act, 35 per cent ad valorem; Mr. ALLISON. Green or ripe. if containing over 10 per cent of alcohol and not specially provided for in this Mr. VEST. What is the necessity for the amendment, when the act, 35 per cent ad valorem and in addition $2 ..50 per proof gallon on the alco­ Senator has, in lines 19 and 20, the words "and .other edible hol contained therein in excess of 10 per cent. fruits?" The amendment to the amendment was agreed to.. Mr. ALLISON. The ft·uits here provided for are green or ripe. The amendment as amended was agreed to. The others are dried or desiccated. The reading of the bill was r€Slii1ied. The next amendment of The VICE-PRESIDENT. Without objection, the :amendment the Committee on Finance was, in paragraph 263, line 18, page 77, as amended will be agreed to. after the word'; prunes" to insert the word "prunelles;" so as to The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of read: the Committee on Finan-ce was, in paragraph 261, line 22, after Figs, plums, prunes, prun.elles, raisins, and other dried grapes. the word "act," to strike out "2 cents-'' and insert "1 cent;'-' so Mr. ALLISON. In tmra,.,"Taph 263, line 18, aft.er the word "pru­ 3 as to read: "1 cent per pound. ' nelles," I move to insert "2 cents per pound" an1i a semicolon; so The amendment was agreed to. · that it will rea1i: The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was, in para- · Figs, plums, prunes, prunelles., :2 cents per pounti; graph 261, ~ine 23, after the word '• pound," to strike out the semi­ The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. colon and the words '~berries, edible, in their natural condition, 1 The amendment as amended was agreed to. <:ent per quart.'' The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of Mr. ALLISON. The committee withdraw the amendment. the Committee on Finance was, in the same paragraph, line 19, to The VICE-PRESIDENT. The .amendment is withdrawn. strike out "and one-half;'~ so as to read, H2 cents per pound:" Mr. JONES of Arkansas. · Are not the same things mentioned Figs, plums, prunes, prunelies, 2 cents per pound; raisins a.nd other dri~d twice? I should be glad to haye the parag1·aph read to see how it grapes, 2 cents per p01m.d. · stands. Mr. ALLISON. I withdraw the amendment. Mr. ALLISON. I wish to propose another amendment, and The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment is withdrawn. then it can be read. After the word "quart," in line 24, I move 1\.flo. JONES of Arkansas. I do not know but that we should to insert ~'cranberries, 25 per cent ad valorem." Now, I think we ·save time by allowing these amendments to be adopted, .and then have nearly everything in here. make the motion I desire to make. I wish to move" 1! cents" Mr. VEST. The Senator has left out blackberries. where the Senator proposes "2 cents," .and "'one and one-half" The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the where he proposes " 2t cents." I suppose I may as well make a amendment proposed by the Senator from Iowa. motion now to strike out the rates in the bill and insert "1t The amendment was agreed to. cents" in each instance. Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. Now let the paragraph be read as Mr. ALLISON. Let me pe1·fec't the paragraph first, and then amended. the Senator can make his motion. The Secretary read as follows: Mr. JONES of Arkansas. It is immaterial to me which course 2Gl. Apples, peaches, currants, quinces, cherries, plmns, and pears, green is pursued. or ripe, 2.J cent s p er bush el. Apples, peach es, pear s, and other edible fruits, The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of including berries, when dr ied, d esiccated, evaporated, or prepa.red in any manner, not specially provided for in this act, 1 cent per pound ~ berries, edi­ the Committee on Finance was, in line 23, before the word ''cents," ble, in their natural condition, 1 cent per quart; cranberries, 25 per cent ad to strike out "twenty-five" and insert ''twenty;" so as to read: valorem. Olives, green or prepared, in bottles, jars, or similar packages, 20 cents per Mr. ALLISON. That is right. gallon. Mr. VEST. In line 18, paragraph 261, I move to strike out "25 M:r. ALLISON. I ask the Senatetoilisagreetothe amendment. cents per bushel " and insert " 20 per cent ad valorem." The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the I wish to call attention to the fact that in 1896 we exported amendment reported by the Committee on Finance~ $1,340,507 worth of dried apples and we imported $481 worth. The amendment was disagreed to. Four hundred and eighty-one dollars against an exportation of MT. ALLISON. That perfects the paragraph.

XXX-111

-'- 1762 CONGRESSIONAL R.EOORD-SEN.ATE. JUNE 16,

Mr. JONES of Arkansas. It begins to look as if all the commit­ the globe than upon that island. While we may grow currants tee amendments heretofore 1·eported are to be withdrawn, and it like it, they are not Zante currants. The importation into this inight be done quicker in bulk. I will not insist on that being country of $1,185,532 worth of these currants shows that the same done, however. I move to strike out 2 cents where it was inserted article can not be produced in this country, call it by whateve1· on motion of the Senator from Iowa and insert" 1t cents." name you please. Mr. MILLS. It ought to be 1 cent. Mr. VEST. If the Senator will permit me, he overlooks one Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The present rate is 1t cents. great elementary principle of protection, and that is, if the people Mr. MILLS. It ought to be 1 cent. can not get the currants, they have to take the California grape. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I am satisfied that is true, but I pre­ Mr. MILLS. PrecisE~ly; but there is always a certain number fer to stand by the present law; and I make the motion in that of people who must get the Zante currants and pay 2i cents or 1!­ way, because it is the existing law. I move to strike out "2t cents. It was in 1893, when the duty was 2i cents a pound, that cents," in line 19, and insert "it cents;" and in line 21 I move to they imported $1,185,532 worth of these very currants, notwith­ strike out "2 cents per pound" and insert "20 per cent ad valo­ standing we are told that California is full of them. rem;" and I ask for a vote on all of the amendments together. I remember the remark of my distinguished friend, Judge Kel­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment submitted by the ley, no longer with us, but many of us here knew him well. Senator from Arkansas will be stated. When I was proposing to put these currants on the free list~ I said, The SECRETARY. It is proposed to amend paragraph 263, on "They can not come in competition, my friend, with anything page 77, line 18, by striking otit '' 2 cents per pound'' and inserting you want to protect in this country. Let us put them on the free "1t cents per pound;" in line 19, by striking out "2t cents" and list and reduce the revenue. The Treasury is full to overflowing." inserting "1t cents," and in line 21, by striking out "2 cents per Mr. Cleveland was telling us that that was the condition which pound" and inserting "20 per cent ad valorem;" so as· to read: confronted us-not theories, but an enlarged Treasury. I said, Figs, plums, prunes, prunelles, It cents per pound; raisins and other dried "Now, let me put this on the free list." He said, " My dear sir, grapes, lt cents per pound; dates, one-half of 1 cent per pound; currants, the taste is a question of cultm·e, and if you will keep the Zante Zante or other, 20 per cent ad valorem. currant from coming into this country, we will encourage the cul­ Mr. MILLS. Mr. President, that has reference. to the duty on tivation of the blackberry and develop the American taste for Zan to currants. The duty proposed in the pending bill on these blackberries." That was one of the reasons given. currants from the island of Zante is 125 per cent. The unit of Now we are told that there are Zante currants grown in Cali­ value is 1.6, and the duty is 2 cents per pound. Of course that is fornia. It may ba, for they do remarkable things in California. more than 100 per cent. I could understand this high rate of duty It is a great State, and a great fruit State. It is the greatest flower if it were for the protection of some American product, but these State in the Union. The largest roses I ever saw in my life, I will currants are peculiar to a . single little island, I believe, in the say to my friend from Missouri, who was speaking about flowers Gulf of Corinth. They grow nowhere else in the world; they can this morning, I have seen in California. The finest fruits of al­ not grow anywhere else in the world. I have conversed about most all sorts are grown there. But we know there is a peculiar them with intelligent persons who have been on that island and taste to fruits, a peculiarity given by the soil itself. investigated this business. · A few years ago I was going through a remarkable campaign Mr. GEAR. What does the Senator state the duty to be? in Texas on the question of prohibition, and I was an antipro­ Mr. MILLS. The duty is 125 per cent here. hibitionist. An old friend of mine, whom I had known for a long Mr. GEAR. Let me state for the benefit of the Senator from time, came to me and said, " I am astonished, sir, to find you Texas that when the presentl.aw was framed the currants were going around over this country and defending the saloons." I worth 1 cent a pound. They had been classed at 10 cents by the said, " Your astonishment is not greater than mine. You have Wilson committee, and when the bill came here, through my drunk ten times more whisky than ever I saw in my lifetime, and friend from California and my friend from Arkansas, there was a you are a prohibitionist. I want you to explain that to me." He duty of 1t cents a pound placed on them, which is 150 per cent. said, "Yes, sir; I am a prohibitionist, but I do not expect pro­ So this is really a reduction. ~hibition to keep me from drinking whisky. I do not intend it for Mr. MILLS. I am· talking about what it ought to be~ not about that. I drink the very best whisky that is made. in the United what any of my friends have done heretofore. As I said, there is States. I know where it is to be had; sir. I know where there is nothing to protect in the United States by this high duty. There- a peculiar soil that raises a peculiar corn, and where there is a fore we must have a revenue duty. . peculiar water; and the peculiarity of the climate, and the pecul­ Mr. WHITE. Will the Senator from Texas allow me to cor- iarity of the soil, and the peculiarity of the water give a peculiar rect a statement of fact? · taste to the whisky;" He said, ';That is found in Robertson · Mr. MILLS. Certainly. County, Tenn. I bring my whisky_from there, sir, and I expect to Mr. WHITE. I will take pleasure in presenting the Senator have it as long as I live." I asked him, "What is it that you · with a small box of Zante currants, a sample produced in Cali­ want to have prohibition for?" "Not for myself," he said, "but fornia, where they are grown in large quantities, and in the cloak­ for the Irish and the d--d niggers/' [Laughter.] room I have a so-called Zante cm·rant bush which is rea1ly a I give this illustration to show that tliere is a peculiarity about grape bush. I will state that they are as much in competition things. There is a peculiarity that ada.pts itself to the taste of with the other raisins in California, for they are all a raisin, as people in the manufacture of certain kinds of goods and certain any dried grape can be, and furthermore, that the importation . kinds of stamps upon goods. I once heard a gentleman who was from the island of Zante cuts a very small figure in the total a manufacturer of stockings (it was when we had up the question importations into the United States. The currant is largely pro­ of the balbriggan stockings) say that his wife would not wear the duced in Greece, and the name "currant" is deiived, I believe, Alllerican stockings~ that her taste was to have the imported from the word "Corinth." It is really a grape. There is a bush stockings, and he got some of his own stockings that he was manu­ in the cloakroom which the Senator can inspect. facturing and put the balbriggan brand on them and she was Mr. MILLS. Anything can be called a Zante currant by name. reconciled. She did not know anything about it; it was a pious I am talking about the cunant that is grown upon the island of fraud practiced on her; and she wore the stockings of her own Zante. husband's manufactru·e all the time . . It is so about all these dif­ Mr. WHITE. This is the exact and identical currant. ferent things. There are peculiarities of taste in men and pecul­ Mr. PERKINS. If my friend from Texas will permit me to iarities of taste in products that commenrl themselves to people correct the premises from which he is reasoning, I desire to state who are seeking for. this, that, and the other thing for consump­ that the general appraisers of New York held to the views that tion. my distinguished friend from Texas holds, but the ninth judicial I have not a single, solitary doubt but that in California they court of the district embracing California and Oregon judicially have the finest grapes. I know it. I have been there and I have determined other'\\-ise. With the Senator's permission, I should seen them and eaten them. They have the finest fruits. It is one like to read the findings of the court, but I will not interrupt him; of the greatest States in the Union. As I said, they have flowers I will wait until after he has made his argument. Then I should there that can not be equaled elsewhere on the fRee of the globe or like to have the privilege of reading the findings of the court. in any other place on the globe where I have ever been: But, Mr. Mr. MILLS. Several years ago I studied the question of Zante President, they have not the Zante currant, and these figures show em-rants when I was trying to reduce the revenues of the Govern­ it. Therefore we ought to put a revenue duty on them instead of ment, which were excessive; but our friends who were opposed to putting on this high, exclusive duty of 125 per cent. it would not permit a reduction upon articles that were compet­ Mr. PERKINS. I am very desirous to have my friend from ing with domestic articles. I proposed even to take this revenue Texas vote for this measure, and while I may not convince him, article and put it on the free list, in order simply to reduce the sur­ perhaps, that he should do so becanse·we raise Zante currants in plus revenues of the Government. I remember conversing with a ~California, as I can demonstrate to him, I am sure I can have his very eminent gentleman, Hon. Samuel Sullivan Cox, known tc;> vote if he is consistent, and he always is, upon the"revenue ques- all of us, who was the minister to Turkey and who was all over tion. the island of Zante time and again. He told me that the real In 1890 Zante currants were upon the free list. The Gove-rn­ Za.nte currant could not be grown in any other soil on the face of . ment received nothing from the~r importation. In 1894, at a cent -1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1763

and a half a pound duty, we received $29,478.22. Under the pro­ try at from 4 to 6 cents a pound. The price has been brought posed duty of 2 cents it is estimated that we will receive $39,304.28. down by competition among our own people, who had the com·­ Therefore we should have the Senator's vote upon the ground of age to go out West from Texas, 1\Iissom·i, and other States and 1·evenue, if upon no other. settle upon those arid plains, bring in water from the mountains, But as a matter of fact, we do raise the Zante currant in Cali­ irrigate the valleys, and plant their grapevines and produce these fornia. We have in California more than 4,000 vineyards, owned raisins and currants. by 4,000 different individuals. who employ from fifteen to twenty There is no industry of this country t.b.at is deserving of a fos­ thousand men, women, and boys in cultivating those vineyards. tering care and a helping hand m ore than the raisin industries of They have demonstrated the fact that they can raise the Zante the country. I went the other day to one of our stores, and I currant. We have had a substitute, the Thompson seedless grape, there bought two packages of Zante currants, imported, at 10 the Sultana, and perhaps 10 per cent of the Muscat of Alexandria cents a package, and the package weighs 1 ounce less than a are seedless and similar to the Zante currant. There is the Zante pound will. Will the half-cent increase in duty here increase currant [exhibiting], and I will defy my friend to distinguish it the cost to the consumer? My friend from Texas knows that it except that it is better. The Zante currant is raised in Sutter will not. It simply will increase the revenue derived by the Gov­ County, Cal., in the central part of our State. It is raised upon a ernment from this source. vine the same as the grapevine and not upon a currant bush. The I have here the consular reports. I will read one line to show Zante currant grows upon a regular grapevine so far as the that our friends in Greece are trying to do something to build up ordinary unscientific eye can determine. this industry there, to foster it with their own people, and then But I want to show, and·I am going to be brief on this point, dump their product upon our own country. :Mr. George Horton, because I feel confident that my friend from Texas will vote with who is our consul at Athens, writes: us, what was the finding of the court. I will first read from a There is much popular agitation in Greece at present, resulting from the brief submitted by a committee of the raisin growers of California low price of currants, the principal crop of this country. A general idea has spread among the p eople that the Government is able to raise the price of on the raisin industry of California, and in which is embodied the crop at will, and there is a popular demand that Parliament pass some several quotations from the opinion of the court: · measure to that end. Large mass meetings are being held in various parts The Zante currant is a grape. It grows upon a grapevine, and not on a of Greece, and considerable excitement prevails. bush or shrub, as is commonly supposed. It bas all the characteri<>tics of the grape, is treated similarly for commerce, and is essentially a grape as much That is because the people of California, by their energy and their as the Muscat, the Catawba, or any other variety, and is used as a raisin. push and their enterprise, have produced raisins and currants that This statement has recently--March 26, 1896-been judicially determined are taking the market of Greece away from those people and giv­ to be tru~ by the circuit court of the United States, ninth circuit, northern ing it to our people. district of California, in a case appealed from the decision of the Board of Gen- eral Appraisers on duty at New York. · Mr. GRAY. May I ask the SenatorfromCaliforniaaquestion? In Circular No. 77. dated May27,1896, issued by the Treasury Department, Mr. PERKINS. Certainly. this opinion is pub!i3bed, and all customs officers are instructed to ba guided Mr. GRAY. I am very much interested in what the Senator byit. . Witnes ·es for importers in this case undertook to contribute to the popu· has said about the wonderful gTowth of the industry of raising Jar misconcPption as to the Zante currant by testifying that it is not a grape. cuiTants and the manufacture of raisins in California. How long But evidence of the highest character from many exp erts who had seen tbia has the industry been in progress in that State? so-called currant growing on the island of Zante and on the mainland of Greece and in California and elsewhere showed it to be unmistakably a grape. Mr. PERKINS. In 18~0 we first commenced planting grape­ '.rhe court, in its opinion showing the result of the evidence, said: vines successfully-that is, the muscat of Alexandria, and produc­ "The term 'Zan te currant' is a well-known commercial expression among ing theltfalaga raisin. importers, dealerf!, and growers of raisins, and relates to and comprebendf! a kind of raisin made from a small seedless grape grown not only in the island 1\Ir. GRAY. And the currants? of Zante, but also, and to a much greater extent, on the mainland of Greece Mr. PERKINS. The currants later. and other neighboring localities. 'Zante currants' is simply its English name. Mr. GRAY. I understand that the cmTant production has been It derives the name' currants' from the fact that in times past it was shipped from the city of Corinth, Greece. In German it is called 'Korinthen; ' in a very prolific one, and certainly, from the specimen we have seen, French, 'rasin de Corinthe;' in Spanish, 'pasas de Corinto.' It is a raisin a very beautiful one, and that you are succeeding now in taking · grape, as distinguished from the shrub currant, with which its name may away the market in Greece. confound it, but from which it is entirely distinct, the former belonging to · the grapevine family, or Vitis vinifera, of plants, the latter to the shrub or Mr. PERKINS. We hope to do so, with your kind assistan<;:e. Ribes. A Zante currant on the vine is a swall-sized grape. When picked and Mr. GRAY. Then why do you want an additional protective dried it is a 'dried grape' or kind of raisin whose popular and commercial tariff? designation is 'Zante currants.' " The court then shows that this definition is in accord with that given to .Mr. PERKINS. Because the wages we pay in California to our . the word "currant" in the Century Dictionary, Webster's International own people range from 31 to $1.50 a day. Those people have fam­ Dictionary (1890), Encyclopedia Britannica (1877), and the Standard Diction­ ilies, and they a;re teaching their boys and girls the first lessons in ary of the English Language (1885). One witness, Dr. Gustav Eisen, the author of a valuable book upon the American citizenship; they are supporting our public schools, our raisin, traced the history of this grape as far back as the year 1333. chm·ches, paying taxes in our own country, and we want to con­ E. W. Hilgard. professor of agriculture at the California State University, tinue to pay the same high wages that we are now paying them. t estified that a Zante currant is "a raisin made from a small grape which Mr. GRAY. I understand that there was no tax at all on the · grows in the Ionian Islands, and also in the archipelago there; also on the mainland of Asia Minor. They are dried and pre~ared in various ways and Zante currants up to 1894. Is that true? shipped all over the world." Many other distingwsbed scientists and agron­ Mr. PERKINS. That is not correct. o mists were called as witnesses, to the same effect. Mr. GRAY. They were on the free list in 1890. Among the exhibits used at the trial was a currant vine taken up by the American consul at Patras, Greece, which was fully identified as a grape Mr. PERKINS. From 1879 until 1891 there was a duty of a belonging to the specie!1Vitis vinifera, and wholly distinct from the English cent a pound. In 1891 they were upon the free list. or kitchen-garden currant of the species ribes. Photographs of the vine Mr. GRAY. Notwithstanding all that, the industry has flour­ g owing in Greece, on the mainland, and on the island of Zant-e, and also growing in California, were introduced. . ished.in a most interesting and gratifying way. Mr. PERKINS. It has languished. I call the attention of the Senator from Texas to the opinion of Mr. GRAY. I do not see why they should make this demand the court. The court said: upon the consumers and upon the home market to pa.y this addi­ Without going further into the evidence, it is enough to say that, as a whole, the following four propositions of fact were, to my mind, conclusively tional tribute. established: (1) That the currants comprising the imFortation in question Mr. PERKINS. For the same reason, I will say to my friend are Zante currants; (2) that Zante currants are a kind o raisin; (3) that Zante from Delaware, that has prevailed in Greece. The consul says, currants are grapes dried; and (4) that Zante currants are not the product exclusively of the island of Zante, but they are produced also on the main­ and I think it answers the Senator: land of Greece, in the archipelago, and other places, and in much larger The currants are low in price­ quantities than on the island. That is, in Greece- That was the decision of the court after hearing the evidence of mainly because there has been o>erproduction. If all the farmers in the Professor Hilgard, who has the chair of agriculture in our State United States for some one year should plant all their land to one crop the University, and other eminent scientists. There was a grapevine price of that crop would fall. This is practically what has happened in sent by the American consul from some port in Greece. It was Greece. · exhibited in the court, and it was there demonstrated to the satis­ And they have had to find a market, and they ship them to this faction of the court that it was a facsimile of the same grapevine, country in foreign ships to compete with our people. the same character of raisins or grapes or Zante currants that we Mr. LINDSAY. I understood the Senator to say a while ago were producing there. that it was the progt·ess of the currant industry in California that But, be that as it may, Mr. President, the imported Zante comes had broken down the price of currants in Greece. . into competition anyhow with the raisins of California. I believe .M.r. PERKINS. No; my friend misunderstands me. It is the that, in so far as it is possible to do so, we have our home market competition of the low prices that have prevailed in Greece by for our own home production. We have demonstrated the fact overproduction, and because they have not been honest in ship­ that we are capable of raising in California a sufficient quantity ping their products into this country. I will take the testimony of raisins and currants to supply this country, and we are doing of our consul. I will read one more paragraph. Our consul, Mr. it to-day at a less price than they were ever furnished before. Horton, says: Years ago, when I was engaged in -merchandising, I sold the In the baste to get large quantities of the profitable article on the market arose another condition that ultimately injured the price of the crop. In­ ordinary Malaga raisins at from 20 to 25 cents a pound. To-day ferior currants were packed and sold as first-class, and in many cases sand they are selling in the markets of the principal cities of this coun- even was sprinkled in the boxes to add to the weight. 1764 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE~ JUNE 16,

That class of fruit has been brought in here to compete with us. that have been grown in Corinth and in the island of Zante which I expect my friend from Kentucky to join with my friend from ~ives the nam~ ?f "Zante currant'~ them. They are ~ported Texas, as I know my colleague will, and vote for this measure for m large quantities. They are a very inferior article of goods and revenue, if for no other reason, sold at a very low price. I recDllect pri01· to the McKinley law Mr. WHITK Mr. President, I simply wish to correct some they were but a cent or a cent and a quarter a pound. We p11t statements made here which I know were made inadvertently. them on tJ;le free list beca:use we found that they were used largely The Senator from Texas [Mr. MILLS] spoke of an authority from by the plam people of tb1s country (as Mr. Lincoln used to ec·Ul which he derived his imormation that the so-called Zante cm·rant them) in making pies and puddings. is grown only upon the island of Zante. A very little familiar 1\fr. GRAY. And very good they are, too. history will show how much in error was the party who gave that M~·· GE~R. The~ do not compete with the Zante grapes of Call­ information. We placed in our last tariff act a provision for Zan te forma, which my friend refers to. There is 4 cents a pound differ­ currants, fixing the rate at a cer;t and a half a pound. It was en~e. !VJlen our Democratic friends were framing the Wilson claimed that the expression used referred only to currants coming tanff b1ll they found that they wanted revenue. It was claimed from the island of Zante. Although we had used it, no doubt, in that Zante cmTants were high priced, and they put a duty on the act as we would use the words "Lima beans," ''Malaga them of a cent and a half a pound, which was about 150 per cent, ~rapes," or any expression of that sort, still it was otherwise held for they "Yere only w0rth a cent to a cent and a quarter a pound. m a case that was not very carefully considered in the custom­ Greece Is a pretty poor country, as we all know. and they keep house in New York. Afterwards, when an invoice came to San no minister here; they only have a consul-general of the Greek Francisco from Patras. the matter was decided in the suit referred Government, who lives in New York. I can not recall his name. to by my colleague. which is entitled "In re Wise, collector, 73 Mr. WHITE. 1\Ir. Botassi. Federal Reporter, page 183." The junge, in delivering the opinion, Mr. GEAR. Yes;. 11Ir. Botassi. He came to me for a letter of among other things, said: introduction, and at his request I introduced him to the con­ As a. matter of fuct, the evidence tended to show that much larger qn::m­ ferees on the part of the House of Representatives when the bill tities of Za.nte currants, RO called, are grown and -exported from the pronnces of Greece than from the island of Zante, and that those grown on the main­ was pending between the two Houses in conference, Judge Mont­ land are still known commer cially in this country as "Zante currants." In gomery and Judge Turner, who wera conferees on the part of the other words," Zante currants" is the commercial name for this variety of House, and also gave him·a letter to my friend Hon. William L. grape., when dried into raisins. It would be unreasonable to suppose that Con­ Wilson. Mr. Botassi went down to the Arlington Hotel to con­ ~ress, in imposing duties on Zante cnrrantsin the genf\rallanguage employed, mtended to tax those coming from the island of Zante alone and not th-ose sult with Mr. Wilson, who gave him an audience and treated him which come in much larger quantities from other localities. very courteously. That, of course. disposeRofthecontE>..ntion absolutely that they are :Mr. Botassi told Mr. Wilson that Greece was a very poor coun­ solely a product of the island of Zante. Again, every scientific work try and that their product did not really come into competition on the subject defines Zante currant as a true raisin. If Senators with the California grapes; that they were sold at 1 cent a pound who have any doubt on the subject will take the trouble to look and used by a different class of people; that they were quoted at at the bush which was sent me by Mr. Onstott, of Yuba. County, that price in New York. :Mr. Wilson said to Mr. Botassi: "You Cal., whose product I have here, they will be unable to distinguish will get no protection in this bill for your people. Our Democratic it from any other grapevine they have ever seen. The leaves are friends are demanding an increase on all these things. The Sen­ precisely alike, and the bunches of fruit, which of course are now ator from California is preeminent, and these duties will stand." very small and green, are formed very much as the Zinfandel When I saw him after the interview with Mr. Wilson, I said to grape grows. · him, ":Mr. Botassi, how did you come out?" He said: "I did not The English currant, which we see growing in our yards, is an come out at all. I went down to the Arlington and I had a very entirely different product, so much so that wine is made out of the delightful interview with Mr. Wilson. He knows more about my grape produced, on the currant bush; but now we in California country than I do, though I was born in Greece. He knows all hav-e produced not only a large rais~ which is generally known about her ancient history, heT wars, her statuary, her art, and as the Malaga raisin of commerce, but a large number of smaller everything else, ~'but he not know a tam ting" about currants. raisins without seeds. Among those are the Zante currant, so And that was substantially true. [Laughter.] called, and other varieties, I believe, of. the seedless grape. The The whole theory of the duty of lt cents a pound on Zante cur­ Zante grape-for it is truly a grape-is a competitor with all of rants in the Wilson law was based on the assumption that there the other classes of raisins, and if we are to utilize this tariff bill was competition between the Grecian and the California currant, for any purpose whatever with reference to raisins, there should when any man who is a merchant can understand the difference be no exclusion of the Zante -currant, which is itself a true raisin between these two articles; and yet our committee has seen fit to and comes from a true grape. increase the duty to 2 cents a pound, which I shall vote for, be­ So, in looking over the matter, when the case to which I have cause I believe in protecting the grapes of California; but I shall referred was in the course of preparation, the counsel upon neither vote for it upon a different principle from what the Senator from side could find a single authority anywhere to the contrru:y, and to California does. settle the dispute we took the trouble to send to Greece to get an Mr. MILLS. The Senator from Iowa ~Ir. GEAR] has demon­ actual Zante currant bush and produced it in court as an exhibit. strated that what I stated was correct. Ile says that these grapes It was precisely the same bush that I have here now in the cloak­ from Zante or from Greece do not come in competition with the room. So there was nothing in that point. While the suit was American currants, that our currants are worth 4 cents a pound pending, the Zante currants. under the decision of the board of and the imported Zante currants are worth from 1 cent to 1t cents appraisers, were admitted free, and we lost a very large amount a pound. That is what I stat-ed. that thiS duty can not be for of revenue. protection, and that it is too high for revenue. Mr. HOAR. May I ask the Senator a question? Mr. PERKINS. I will state to the Senator that I pm·chased at Mr. WHITE. Certainly. a leading grocery in this city two packages of Zante currants, Mr. HOAR. I have been unable to follow the Senator's state­ supposed to be a pound avoirdupois, but they weighed but 15 ment fully, and I should like to ask him whether he is in favor of ounces, and I was charged 10 cents a pound for them. We sell the duty on Zante em-rants or not? our best California currants for less than that. Mr. WHITE. I have always been in favor of a duty on Zante Mr.MILLS. Still they are quoted at1.6 cents a pound officially. currants, and a duty on a g-ood many other articles, I will say to I am going by the official tables, and not by the prices charged by the Senator from :Massachusetts, produced even under the shadow retailers every day all over the country. of his influence. I am not opposed to duties, and I have never Mr. PERKINS. What I intended to say was that the consumer said so. did not get the benefit of it. Mr. HOAR. I did not put the question to the Senator from Mr. MILLS. I am talking now about the Zante cun-ants coming California with the view which he seems to suppose. I put the in competition with the California currants. I say the Senator question very much as General Taylor employed bloodhotmds in fr om Iowa [Mr. GEAR] has demonstrated that they do not; and if the Seminole war, not to worry the Indians, but to find out where they do not, what is your excessive duty going t o do? You can they were. fLaughter.] not bring them into this country and naturalize them, to use the Mr. WHITE. I do not exactly know to whom the Senator re­ expression of the protectionists; it is impossible to do that; and fers by the Indian in this case; but his wi dom is frequently so oc­ my friend from California on this side of the Chamber [Mr. cult that I am not able to reach conclusions regarding it. WmTE] says that in the judicial investigation to which he has A 1l I desire to ~ay, in conclusion, Mr. President. is that the Zan te referred he brought a plant from Greece into court and demon­ cm·rant of commerce and the raisin should be treated alike, and strated that it was the same plant they haw" in California; but he if we are to have a bill imposing duties at all, the whole class of did not pretend to say that he could bring the atmosphere and soil raisins should be retained. of Greece with it. Mr. GEAR. I used to be a merchant many years ago, and I My father was a Virginian, born over in eastern Virginia, and have sold a great many of the goods called Zante cuiTants. It is lived and ~ied in the belief that there was no real, pure chewing J>m·ely a commercial phrase, as everybody who has investigated tobacco except "the J eems River," as he called it; and he chewed the matter knows. They are a very low, inferior order of grape "Jeems_River" as long ashe lived. When I was a boy, he sent to 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. 1765

Cuba and got the eed of the celebrated Cuban tobacco to make per pouno cents per cubic foot. sees of differentiation, or evolution. us I suppose and insert "1 cent;" so as to reat year on our land in Kentucky, if you occupied a position a quarter of The amendment was agreed. to. mile from the field and the wind was blowing in your diTection The next amendment was, on page 78, line 5, after the word aCI'O:' the field, you could mell the delightful aroma from it, but "ponncl.~: to strike out the remainder of the pm·a~raph, as follows: the third or fourth year it was gone. Anc prohibitive duties on things coming as amended and insert the paragraph which I send to the cl&sk, to the United States yon are putting prohibitive unties against the which ic; the para~raph in the present law relating to those articles, thin.rrs that we proc1nco l1y our labor going a\vay from the United The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment proposed by the Sen- States; you are depr -ssing the prices of thin~s that we have to ator from Arkansas will be stated. sell anll upon whicll we have to get a living, am1 yotl are raising Tllo SI-: 'RBTARY. It is pxopos:Jd to strike out paragraph 26.3 as the vrices of the things that we have to buy and upon which wo amencletl and in lieu thereof to insert: have to live. !.t35. Orang~s, l~mons. n.ud lime~'~, in packag-es, at tho rate of 8 c uts per cubic I return to the proposition with which I set out. I am 'villing foot of cupac1ty; ill bulk. -·u·)() .PAl' l,(JfXl: a.nd in ar1dition thereto a r ln.rrAl" etmtnininoxeo;;ot tao growth and m:mufacture produce this article by any amount of fostering in this country, of the t;nited ~Hates, c:xportcll a'> ot·angc a.ucl lemon l>ox shook'!. may be re­ import tl in complAte~l form, nllccl >vith oran~cs and lemon. , hy tbf pavment '\\'ill in ·ist upon high duties imply to exclmle the artkle from of nt, if I understand the ar~ument of to undutnke to get any chanf{e jn any of these rates. anorate -;at the rate of three fourths or a c nt per pouud, Of course I have my OW'Il theory about the ultimate effect of all which, we feel coutiu~nt .. Is !ln error. cents pl'r box, while the propo"cd change ruisP.-s the duty, eaeh box weighing they are going to do with it; but I am taking the theory of this from Nl to IOU poundP, to 00 or !ill c nts, or equivalent to an incr 'tt e o!, &'l.y, bill and following it through, and I am very certain, taking tho from :!llO pPr cent to;)(,!) p r cent. whole production us cxprcsse<.l in the words ·• rai::;ins" and •' Zante While tho consumption of t:;icily lemon A ruone for tho year ondinq Novem­ ber 1 la..'it amounted to2,1J( 2,!!0lll>oxes. tl\<)total umountprnclncoly a large amount of revenue, but which will not go over the average out of tho question, owing to the unfortunate ruin of her gro>es lJ)· fro~t, and of this bBl. will continu to be for roveral years to come. I differ entirely with :p1y friend the Senator from Texas that As lemon trees take ten years• f!rowth to come into full bearing. and there iR no way to supply the lar~e climiuution in import::; wlnch will nnqnestion· t his article will be excluc:led. I think he will ascertain by the cml al>ly occur if this apparently unjust a1Hl unnece,.~ary di; crimination i: made of tho fi cal year that wo will have somo r venue out of it, and again. t. fo-rci u lemons, it can l>ut w rk injury to th po'Jr of our cities in while it has been Eaid here that this bill will yield .)0,000,000 of fa.~<'r of an undeveloped industry of the otate of Cn.liforni • whlch i" entirely inadNJnn.te to thP task of supplying the country at large, e>en were it given surplus, I mu t say for myself that I think the surplus will be a fnll opportunity to do so. exceedingly small, unle ·s we recover Home of that prosperity for And thi l'ame argumPnt holu>'~ good in l'Pgard to the cheap Sicily or:mges, hich we have been looking for many days, and for which we which. selling to people of scanty moans at a cost of 1 penny each, do not eem to call for protection to sneh an exorbitant degree in favor of the California have very recently prayed. orange>, "the rich ruan'R fruit," a~ its sobriquet is, since a cost of, say, 5 cents Mr. MILLS. Zante currants by the law of 1800 were free, and is far l>cyond their slender moans. we impC)rted $1,183.5:12 worth of them when theywere on the free \Vo do not hesitate to expr ·s our views thus frankly, ns we a1"o not only forcign·fruit experts, u~t abo steaJ!lflhip agents for a line which is 1Jri1,11ting mt. 'lhe law of 1 ·o-! put a duty of a cent aml a half a pound mto tho country (at this moment) rully one-half of all the fruit that Lo; im· upon them, equivalent to about U3 per cent, and the importation porleu from Italy, and we know that our viewH are tho. e of a mnjo!"ityof the fell down to s:J2,'i 3. . pc<'plP engageo to tell you that it is I said a few minutes a~o. perhaps while tho Senator was not in o. prar·tic'll impossibility for the eorreet duty due on fruits importt..-d to be the Chamber, that tho General Board of Appraisers of New York a ·e<'rtaiuetl with on t causing an unnecessary aud cruello to the fruit owners held that the tariff only n.pplie(1 to currants produced in the islan••rn.ge of :.'O,OUO 1Jox.e:-;, which consist of from 3to to 500 dif. Mr. MILLS. Then these figure::; are not correct. forPnt bram1s and shipments. Mr. WHITE. Only as to tho island of Zante, and not to the To a. certain the wei~ht of the fruit in these box sit will be neces.c;aryto ·weig-h Revct·al ho'tes of each lot by removing tll ir eon tent._, to 1ho dcstr-nc· general im]wrtation of currants. tionof hca.utifullypaekcd u.ntl ornamentcdinsidecoverini-'S materially :tffcct­ .Mr. MILLS. Of course I can only go by the figures which have ing the 1n::trket value of l>oxes so dostroycn fruit whkh oftentimes i'> found in part of the hoxe'. hclt.!'Certni.ned uy the examination of a few of them, nnd Wl' submit that rotten fruit is no Mr. '\VHITE. What I have stated is the fact. mor a proper arti~~le for taxation than. n.nr other al>Holutdyo valueles. article. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the three amend­ The al.Jove-ment1nneery of our car­ paracil'aph :!13:3. goes. which are di·ch!u·w~~ on dock~ wh0o;e rental amount'! to s;"fl per day, and tho e eargoe. .,, conshtmg of perlf;halJle merchandise, deteriorate ruore The ameJ?.dments were rejected. O\'~ry nrd<-'u which. h:t~ ueon the Committee on Finance was, in p:1ragraph 2G..J-, on page 78, placed upon lemons and orang-e • witllout afi cting the retail pr1 e m the llne l, after the word "grapes,'' to strike out "and peaches, 1 cent lea.st degree, and at the small duty of only 10 cents per bunch rould yield. 1766 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. Jm"'"E 16, the GoYernment an increase in revenue of ~l.~.O'JO , noel afford n. much-needed the right to reject it and to surrC'n ::;imply segregn.to them and busin :.> Hs upon which at lcn~t 100,000 of our citiz('ns dcpon~ letter, and '\\rill ~top at the l\I!'tropolitnn 1\Ir. McLAUIUN. I have a letter here, Mr. President, from a Hotel Hhould you de~iro any further information on t-ho subject, it will genuino importer of frnit, who b not conneJte, we think, can be nsf'd by you to good effect. The and California oranges. Take one of each and. show them to any­ nveraKe }Jrice the year round on oranges and lemonR from fornign cuuutri~s body, and there will be no hesitancy about tho value. One will will not oxceecl Sl.M per box. This yon can b:1.v-e confirmed hy refer 'nco to for cents. and you may lmy the others for cent apiece in salPR maclu by :\le;.;srs. R1·own & Seccmul>, of. Tow York City. t-ho lat"•~ t fruit sell 5 a u.n<'t-ion hom;e in the Unitcu States, and headquarters for the ~ale of foreign thi town. Recently when I wanteox of lemons or or::mgoq is M pounclR, ancl the dutv or 1 price asked for California orange,, and a cent apiece was the cent }wr ponncl means SO <'~>nts per hox; to thi~ add the co t of tho box:, paper wrappin~, ancl frt>i~llt, ancl you will . l'<1 that it will not lJring moro t-han ex: price> of the other orange . Nobotly would he~itate a moment to pen-.; •s. lc,aviug nothing for the growers. Tho cm1. cr1nenco will both tim­ say that tho e selling for GO cents a dozen were infinitely cheaper JlOrts will cease, and tho prico will he Rurh that only the w<'althv can ru;e than tho e at 12 cents a dozen. There is practically no compari­ them; whereas were they froe, they wonltl have no effect on tho Fluridn nClr the California. crop, bccau~e they are such inferior goods to either one of the son between the two. If this cht.s of fruit is allowetl to come in, domestic crops. it will reach a Glass of people who would probably buy the lower A~ain, f>fl per cont of the foreign crop hnq been marketed before the Florida pricecl oranges and use that kind of fruit, and there ought not to crop begins, t-hat is auont November ; unoxc.'l tlley soltl for 50 per ct•nt moro than any Meditt>rrant>:ln Mr. PERKINS_ Only a word, 1\lr. Pre ident, in answer to my fruit diu. and do now, and will n.lway;, continue to do so. friend from Arkansas. The letter which the Senator has read is \Vo a1.pin U<'g len.vc tu aqsert tllat Jt is ouly the pom·er c:lassl'!' who bny the a special plea from the agent of a foreign ship, manned by for­ iiDl)orted fruit, a ~nyo~e wllo mu afford it will r adily pny double the price for a. FlorHla or Califormn orango that he would for an imporh•d ont>: and as eigner , built in a foreign country, and representing the prOlluct we have f-laid in our first letter, the duty can not help Florida. or California of foreign toil. and must deprive the poor of tho fruit and simply prohiuit tho imiJOrta.tiozi J\'Jr. JONES of Arkansas. Does it tell th~ truth? of fruit. If the proposed duty is passed, tho rer;;nlt will provo our prediction and ~Ir. PERKINS. I have no doubt of the truth of what I have will be a grE-at imposition on the middle classefl. ' stated, for I have a duplicate of the letter which the Senator read, As rt>gardR the grape fruit or shnrlclm•k, they Ahould remain as they are or one similar to that, which was written to me. No doubt the "!lo~v - .that i.H, free .. Th~ro is nono raisccl bore to speak of; the industry is only writer of the letter has told t-he ti·uth, as he understands it, from m 1ts mfan<'y, ancl1t w1ll tu.ko years hero ·o any SlZe of a crop is rai!' d at all. }l'J.ori<.ln. and California togother do not rahe one-thousandth part of th e·on­ his standpoint. He is advocating the interests of those he repre­ sumptiou. This fn1it is mostly uRecl in.!~' caRe of sickne~s. nnd thoy woigh from sent.. He i the agent of a foreigu .. hip, built in a foreign country, al>ou t fonr to five pounds ell and sell for from fi vo to Ri:s: country should b taxed sim­ I want to say as to the ad valorem duty fixed in this hill, that I ply to enahle a fow b'l'OW<.>rs m Flonda and California to sell their products have made a careful calculation of it, and it is a much less figure for more thnn market pric . Nor etm w be persuaded to believe that high than that levied by Russia, by Germany, by Denmark, and by protection will imp-r:oyo th~ quali~r of the impo-r:tctl orange and ennbl~ them to he put on competttlon with Califorma or Plor1dn. oranges, which re of. o Austria-Hungary, and the result i neither one of those countries muell superior quality. · - raises citrus fruits, either lemons, orange , or any other belong­ If t-he t;enate vasse~ thi"' tariff, wo hop they will find eomfort in the mis­ ing to that particular citrus family. ery ancl oppression they will cnnse the JlOorer classes by it. Thanking you 'I'he duty propo. ed is a rcas~na.ule duty; it is a fair duty; and for your kind attention and wifihing you ~ucce:-;::;, · We remain, very respectfully, your:-~, when the Senator ~:;ays that thi~ fruit can not be~veighecl, and ob­ HENRY BAYER & ON. jects that the duty is not specific, I ask what can be more specific IIon .•ronN L. McLAURIN, than the imposition of duty by weight? Every barrel of sugar l.fntfe:l ~lates Senate, IV"os7tington, D. C. that comes into this country from Germany or from any other Mr. GRAY. ~Ir. Presibrandy, has the groas weight, the tare, a:nd of the tariff discussion, aml as um\illing as I am to protract it the. net weight marked. upon it. even for a few moments by any contribution of mine, I can not So far as damaged fruitc;; are concerned. the fact of the damage allow thi1::1 schedule to pasg without adding my prot st.to that of can be \erified by the weighers. In answer to that, I may Ray that other, 'cnators in regard to the inil'}uity of the proposed duty. It I have a letter from the Secretary of the Treasury ~ tating that is a good illustration of tho devastating effect that a surrenl.ler to there i · no trouble whatever in weighing fruit that comes into the principle of commerdal re ·triction work upon otherwise thi. country. gootl and clear minus. Once grnut the power to any cla._ to u. o It seems to me, Mr. PrcshlC'nt, that this is a specious argument, the so\·ereign power of tho country for their own benefit, and at a pecia.l plea by the ngent of a steamship company. EYery tnms­ Oli<'O all the evil characteristics that attach to power and to d93- portution company of this country is coming down to a weight po1ism will chara.derize its oxercise. ba:;is, aml their freiglit is cla;;sifietl upon a weight basis. I am in Mr. President .. this is a wanton nml a cruel tn.x: upon the poor the :::te:unship bnHilleH · my. elf, an!l I know how ensy it is to jug­ people of this country. My aminulo aml good friencl the :st'nntor gle with figures about nw-asnrcments. You can mensnre an ob­ from California, who I know has as muth of the mill· of hnm:m long, a square, a trinngl(~, or a torpedo-sh:lpt>

· Mr. HOAR. I wish to know to which Senator from California those countries. while the poor windfalls are sent into this coun­ the Senator from Del a ware refers. try, carrying with them pestilence and disease frequently, for they Mr. GRAY. I am speaking to the Senator from California in are condemned by the quarantine offieers and in many instances front of me (Mr. PERKINS]. are thrown overboard. In reply to the Senator from Arkansas, the Senator said, with a Now as to the duty. I have made a corresponding table. I will good deal of warmth of feeling I thought, that the Senator from not weary the Senate by going through all of its details, but taking Arkansas was making the plea of an importing agency and of the average price, in 1895 it was 35 per cent ad valorem on 1 cent transportation companies as against the interests of the fruit a pound. In 1896. taking the average of the twelve months, it growers of the section of country represented by the Senator from was 39 ~ per cent ad valorem. These pgures are here in answer to California. If we were merely to balance the selfish interests of a circularsent from New York, and I am prepared toverifythem. those t~o classes, I do not know whether we might not say that This duty is a small one, I will say to my friend the Senator both are deserving. I do· not see why the one deserves encour­ from South Carolina, who had a letter read here. This is 39 per agement and commendation and the other malediction and re­ cent, and the other day I had the pleasure of voting for over 100 proach. It is an honest business, as the Senator from California per cent on rice. I thought it was right. I want to protect South knows, to engage in the transportation of the bounties of nature Carolina and all the other States against the cooly labor that is across the sea, and to bring them from one c~mntry to another in sending rice into this country, but we want but 35 to 39 per cent. order that they may be enjoyed as widely as possible. But he Mr. WHITE. :Mr. President, I trust that the rumor which bas· has spoken of the class of fruit growers for whom he takes the lately gained currency with respect to an island where coolies floor, and he has commented with a good deal of severity upon produce rice, that it is to be incorporated as a part of the American the other class. Republic, may prove to be somewhat of a canard. I wish to say that in the few words I shall utter I am speaking for I wish to say one word in reference to the circular read by the a much larger and much more meritorious class, and that is the Senator from .AI·kansas [Mr. JoNES]. The assertion that fruit great body of the consumers of this conn try, those forgotten peo­ would be injured by weighing is to me a novelty. If it is true in ple of whom the Senator from Texas [Mr. MILLS] spoke so elo­ the United States, it must be true in France and England, and / quently the other day. I am speaking for every fever-wasted ~a­ all the countries of Europe where duties are imposed upon this tient in a hospital. I am speaking for the poor wan boy and gn·l article, for everywhere they weigh the article. That is a complete whu, in the paroA-rysm of fever, need a cooling fruit that can be answer to that statement. bought for a penny apiece. I am speaking for those who are ex­ Another thing. The same authority states that it will be great cluded from the high-priced productions of the California groves difficulty in finding the rotten fruit. They pay a duty now upon and the Florida groves, and it is on that account that I thought it measuring the boxes. How do they find the rotten fruit by meas­ worth while to delay the Senate, for a few moments at least, while uring the boYes? Can they not find it just as well if they weigh the the car of progress in this cruel and, as I have characterized it, boxes? wanton proposition rolls along. The packages that come in now are much wider in the middle Mr. President, this tax, unless the figures I have are entirely than at either end. The measurement is usually made by a tape­ erroneous, will amount to an increase of 411 per cent over the line. The length of the box is measured, and the end of the box Wilson Act. the present tariff law. and an increase of 280 per cent is measured, and in that way they bulge it a good deal on the reve­ over the McKinley tariff act of W90. What is th~ ju~tification for nue officials. Pound duty has been found, in other countries, to it? The letter to the Senator from South Carolma [Mr. McLAU­ work well, and we are simply behind the times in trying to levy RIN], just read, states, and states truly, I have no doubt, that the the duties as we have been doing in the past. As far as concerns oranges that come from Sicily, inferior in quality to California this being an extreme duty, it is not. On the present price it will and Florida oranges, selling for a cent apiece where the others sen not exceed 45 per cent ad valorem. for 5 or 6 cents apiece, come. at a time when the Florida orange I will say that in 1896 California packed 1,340,000 cases of fruit, and the California orange are not in the ma.rket. They supply a and produced 84,000,000 pounds of raisins, 148,500,000 pounds of vacuum in the market and do not seriously interfere with the dried fruit, 51,000,000pourids of prunes, andabout8,000 carloads of American production_ But if they did, what of it? Why, then, oranges. She also produced $350,000 worth of nuts. There are should we put ourselves at the mercy of those who have been 76,000 acres set out to oranges and 70,000 planted in prunes. Her blessed with the bounty of nature and have been able to cultivate lemon product in 1897 will aggregate about 1,000 carloads, at 280 this fruit, no doubt to thek own advantage, and pay tbe high boxes to the car, or 280,000 boxes, upon which the freight, at $1.10 wages that American workmen enjoy? Why should we, in their per box, equals $380,000. The orange product for 1897 is 7,100 ca,r­ interest, put this additional tax to go not into the Treasury, but loads, each car containing 336 boxes, or a total of 2,385,600 boxes, ·into the pockets of the favored few who have so developed this upon which the freight, at 90 cents per box, equals $2,147,040, or induf?try as bas been portrayed by the Senator from California? an aggregate freight ior oranges and lemons alone of about $2,500,- If those orange groves have flourished, if this industry has been 000. Riverside alone pays nearly $700,000 in freight. It is within fairly profitable in the past, why do they seek additional profit to the figures to say that the freight rates annually paid by California be levied not out of the ordinary commercial competition of the upon green and dried fruits, including citrus fr11its and prunes world, but from legislation and out of the pockets of the people and raisins, approximate $6,000,000. who can least afford to pay it? Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Mr. President, I still believe there Mr. President, this is all I intend to say. It is all I can say. It will be some difficulty of administration, as suggested by the gen­ pertains to all this schedule. It pertains to· the pineapple as well tleman's letter which I read. The delay in taking the fruit from as to the orange, for the pineapple, as we will see further on, is to the ships into the bands of the dealers of course always results in be made a very expensive luxury, and it will take out of the reach more or less injury to the fruit. The longer the delay is the of the poor people of this country a healthful, necessary fruit greater the injury to the fruit. Unpacking and reexamining product, one that adds to the enjoyment and comfort of the peo­ fruit in boxes must take a very great length of time, and it must ple and does a little to relieve the hardship of those who have to be a very considerable annoyance. But I do not propose to dis­ toil for their daily bread and for the scant subsistence which in cuss that point any further. distressed times comes to them. I do not see why we should now I understand perfectly well that this paragraph will remain in approve such a wanton and cruel proposition. the bill, as the balance do. It will stay here exactly by the same Mr. PERKINS. Mr. President, I can not permit the remarks force and the same power which has kept so many unjust things of my friend the Senator from Delaware [Mr. GRAY], the philan­ in the bill heretofore. But there is one other point I wish to thropic views which he has so feelingly expresl:)ed in sympathy for call attention to before we leave this paragraph. I was ..struck the sick and fever patients, to go without extending to him my with the providence of the majority of the Finance Committee right hand of fellowship in sympathy. I think, perhaps, that is when our attention was called by· the Senator from Iowa to para­ one reason why I feel it incumbent upon me to champion the graph 535t in the free list about the importation of fish. I wish citrus growers of California-the orange and lemon growers. I to call particular attention to this, and the reason for this being have in mind an occasion, some three or four years since, when done, and then I want to read a letter from a prominent citizen the poor sick people were famishing from thirst. dying with fever of the United States about the fruit business. The free para­ beat because there was no lemon, no lime to appease their thirst. graph as to fish says: Onr philanthropic friends who represented the foreign steamship Fish, fresh, frozen. or -packed in ice (except salmon), caught in the Great companies imported millions, and advanced the price from $2 and S3 Lakes or other fresh waters- until it reached $8 a box. Some of our California orchardists had a few thousand boxes placed away in their storehouses, and they Now, this is the part to which I wish you to pay particular sent them into the market, and the fever patients were relieved by attention- California coming to their rescue. They did it then and they will by or for American fishermen or citizens of the United States. do it now, and I am on his side, for the people, in order that they There seems to be a desire there on the part of the committee to may have cheap fruit and good fruit. take care of the people of the United States even when they hire The trouble is that European countries have placed such a high foreigners to catch pauper fish in outside waters. They are to be duty upon citrus fruits that only the very best fruit is taken into allowed to come into the United States free. 1768 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. JUIDJ 16,

I have a letter, a very short one, written by Mr. J. A. Robertson, Mr. VEST. Nobody in the Senate knows better why that was a. gentleman well known to manymembersof the Senate perhaps, done than the Senator from Pennsylvania. a gentleman of high character and hlgh standing, whose state­ M.r. QUAY. That is also possible. ments will be accepted as true by everybody who knows him. 1\Ir. VEST. He knows we were not free agents with respect to It is written from Monterey, Mexico. The letter is short and that bill as to a great many duties. With one majority in the explains itself: Senate, we could not lose a fraction cif a vote, and we were held First, presenting my apology for annoying you about a personal matter, up on a great many things. but feeling that you do not wish to see an injustiee done, I beg to exp1e not yet satisfied and want their Senators to ask for a duty of 1 cent per Nnts- pound, whic_h would be about. 7~ cent~ per box, which does not seem very 268. Almonds, not shelled, 3 cents per pound; clear almonds, shelled, 7 cents large for a smgle box, though 1t IS eqruvalent to S!?lO per car. · perpouncL An orange grove in full bearing in California will produce from 4 to 5 boxes per tree, with liD trees to an acre, being equivalent to from 400 to 425 boxes per Mr. ALLISON. I desire to moqify the amendment, in line 4, by acre, which makes a tariff in the:il·favor of fromg275 to $300 per acre annually, inserting" 4 cents" instead of "3 cents;" and in line 5 by insert­ which is certainly unnecessary and uncalled for to properly protect their in­ tere t, pn.rtieularly when the Mexican orange crop matures from ten to four­ ing "6 cents" instead of" 7 cents;" so as to read: teen weeks earlier tb.'ln their crop and at a time when there .is no fruit of that 268. Almonds, not shelled, 4 cents per pouud; clear almonds, shelled. 6 cents character un the market. per pound. Certainly it is not the policy of the American peoplo to so favor any partic­ ular indu try a.s to inflict a privation upon its citizens, and especially in pro­ Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The impression has gone outall over teetin~ the fruit growers of California against a fruit that does not really the country that the Senate committee, in reporting the Dingley enter mto competition with them, but meets a requirement of the people at bill, so called, from the committee, intended materially to reduce a time when they can not supply it. The duty imposed in the McKinley bill was entirely fair and was satisfac­ what seemed to be extravagantly high rates in that measure. I tm·y, and it was upon the strength of that duty that I began the extensive confess I am astonished that whenever we reach in this bill a culture of oranges iu this country which I have. proposition to carry out one of the committee amendments the I submit these facts to you with the hope that they will in some way at­ tract yom· sympathy and that the attention of the proper committee may ba committee proposes at once to recede and to accept an{l stand by called to the matter in time to give it careful consideration before the bill is the rates that came in the Dingley bill. It seems to me that it would have been better, if the majority of the committee intended ~ficipating your gracious compliance, I convey my thanks as well as those of the numerous other Americans who have engaged in a similar busi · to take the Dingley bill as it came from the House, to have repo1ted ness here. it to the Senate jn that way and to have stood by it, so as to let As I say, this comes from J. A. Robertson. a gentleman known the Senate and the country understand that they intended to take to many of us. He states the ca~:;e very clearly and so plainly the high rates of the Dingley bill from the beginning, and not that it does seem to me the committee, which is so careful to look make any pretense of making reductions in these paragraphs, upon after the interests even of the money of an American citizen when which we have been led to believe there were going to be material he hires a foreigner to catch foreign fish that it is provided that reductions from the Dingley bill. the fish shall be allowed to come in free, should present a pro­ Mr. ALLISON. The Senator from Arkansas does not under~ vision by which this American citizen, who has put his money stand the amendment. into the culture of oranges in Mexico, when he believed he under­ Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I thought I did. stood what the law would be, should be protected against this Mr. ALLISON. The amendment proposed is 4 cents, where exorbitant increase in a tax that is levied against him so as to the rate in the House bill is 5 cents. keep his oranges out of the country at a time when there are no 1\Ir. JONES of Arkansas. The Senator proposes to strike out American oranges, practically, in the market. ''three," as first reported, and to insert '· four." The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the Mr. ALLISON. Yes; but the bill .as it came from the House substitute proposed by the Senator from ~1\J.·kansas. reads'' 5 cents." The substitute was rejected. Mr. JONES of Al·kansas. I thought perhaps the Senator did The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of not want to do the whole thing in one amendment, but that be­ the Committee on Finance was, on page 78, after line 15, to strike fore we would leave the paTagraph the Senator would make the out paragraph 266 and insert in lieu thereof the following: other change. · 200. Orange peel or lemon peel, preserved, candied, or dried, and cocoanut Mr. ALLISON. The Senator is right about the first pl·oposi­ mea..t or copra, desiccated. shredded, cut, or similarly :prepa1·ed, 2 cents per tion. pound; citron or citron peel, preserved, candjed, or drwd, 4 cents per pound. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to Mr. ALLISON. In line 22, after the word "two/' I move to the amendment to the amendment. insert "and one-half;" so as to read "2t cents." The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BURRowsinthecha.ir). The The amendment as amended was agreed to. question is on agreeing to the amendment to the amendment. The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. the Committee on Finance was, on page 79, paragraph 269, line 6, The amendment as amended was agreed to. after the word '' shelled," to strike out ''three " and insert '' two · Mr. VEST. I simply wish to call attention to the fact that this and one-half;" and in line 8, before the word '' cents," to strike out is an incr~se of one-half cent over the McKinley Act and from "six" and insert" five;" so as to make the paragraph read: 30 per cent under existing law. 269. Filberts and walnuts of all kinds, not shelled, 2;. cents per pound; The reading of the bill was resumed, as follows: shelled, 5 cents per pound. . 267. Pineapples, in barrels and other packages, 6 cents per eubic foot; in The amendment was agreed to. bulk, 56 per thousand. The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was, in par­ Mr. QUAY. Mr. President, I do not at present wish to move agraph270, page 79, line 10, before the words "one cent," to insert to amend the paragraph, although I may bs compelled to do so "one-half of;" and in line 1l, bef01-e the words "per pound," to later. The rate per cubic foot ought to be 15 cents instead of 6, to strike out .. and on.e-half cents" and inseTt "cent;'' so as to make do justice to the agricultural interests of the only State in the na­ the paragraph read: tion that produces pineapples, and instead of $6 per thousand it 270. Peanuts or ground beans, unshelled, one-half of 1 oent per pound; should be per pound just one-half the duty to be placed on Zante shelled, 1 cent per ponnd. currants. I suggest to th.e Senator from Iowa in charge of the Mr. VEST. I simply wish to call attention to the fact that of bill that the whole of this paragraph go over. peanuts unsheTied we imported, in 1896, $2,359,000 worth, and of Mr. ALLISON. Very well. peanuts shelled we imported $4.24 worth. I suppose that this Mr. VEST. Before it goes over, I wish to call attention to the jncrease of duty is for the purpose of protecting the peanut grow­ fact that this is a horrible example of an increase over the :McKinley ers from the 84.24 worth imported from abroad. Act. We were told that in no instance wasitproposed in this bill to The amendment was agreed to. go over the :McKinley rates. Pineapples under the McKinley Act The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was, in para­ were free, and 20 per cent was imposed under the Wilson Act, graph 271, page 79, line 13, after the word "one," to strike out while in this paragraph the committee propose 6 cents a cubic foot u and one-half cents" and insert "cent;" so as to make the para­ and S6 per 1,000. graph read: Mr. QUAY. I desire to call the attention of the Senator from 271. Nuts of all kinds, shelled or unshelled, not specially provided far ill Missouri to the fact that he, as one of the membe1•s of the Com­ this act, 1 cent per pound. mittee on Finance when the tariff bill of 1894 was being consid­ The amendment was agreed to. ered, thought proper to take pineapples from the n:ee list and The Secretary read as follows: place them upon the dutiable list, in his charity to the State of Meat prodnets.: Florida. Z'/2. Bacon and hams, 5 cents per pound. • 1897. - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1769

Mr. VEST. I move to strike out~' 5 cents per pound.,, -and insert ington C. Ford, Chief of the Bureau of Statistics. Read the head­ "20 p€1" cent ad valorem." ing and down to the subhead" Tallow." Here is a conspicuous example of protection to the Ame1·ican The Secretary read as follows: farmer which must not pass UDD()tioed. We exported in 1896 to EXPORTS OF LARD, ETC., FOR FEBRUARY. foreign countries from the United States $33,442,847, worth of Wm·thingtonC. Ford, Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, submits the fol• bacon and 612,669,763 worth of hams. We imported of bacon and lowing statement of the exports of l::lrd., tall-ow, oleo oil, and oleomargarine hams 844,906 worth, that amount coming intheshapeof the West­ fi•om the United States during the month of February, 1897: phalia hams, which are very much prized by epicures and are. sold LARD. in the first-claRs hotels and restaurants of New York. Here IS an object lesson which, as a matter of course, will go for nothing: Pounds. Value. $33,442,847 worth of bacon; 512,669,763 worth of hams, making F • 41, 846,000,000 of bacon and hams, are sent .from this country abroad, 0 1897 9n.199 ~2 • 063,om and we increase the duty jn order to protect the American pro- F!b~:;~~: usw :::::: ::~=:=::::::::~~:::::~:::::::::::: 25 {;31103 1,78\U}97 ducer of bacon and hams from $44,906 worth, which come in as Eight months eniling February, 1897------328;oo7;98a 16,898,1J14 fancy hams from the Continent of Europe; yet I have no doubt EightmonthsendingFebruary,l&J6. ______335,153,134 23,171,715 my Republican friends will go to the farmers and say," We, we saved you from an influx of bacon and hams. We saved your 1\fr. VEST. In view of those figures, I should like to have a. ba.con against the pauper hogs of E.m·ope;" and the Republican replytoonequestion. Iexpectnosatisfactoryreply. Why should partystands and affectionately caresses the bacon and ham makers we double the dut-y upon this article when we export that enor· of the United States. mous amount after supplying the home market? Is it to be pre- .! ask for a vote on the amendment which I have submitted. tended that this is any protection to the American producer? Is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be stated. 1 it to be pretended that any p:rotection is necessary under the cir­ The SECRETARY. In paragraph 272, page 79, line 16, strike out cnms_tances? It shows what a mis_erable fa~ce this has. degener- " 5 cents per pound" and insert "20 per cent ad -valorem;" so as I a ted mto. I sup-pose the purpose lS to furnish a campaign argu- to read: ment to the raisers of hogs in the West and South. Bacon and hams, 20 per cent ad valorem. . Our friends 1?-pon the o~her sid eva~tly £nh be passed over. this act, 25 per cent ad valorem. o~~¥ Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I move to strike out "twenty-five" Mr. ALLISON. All right. and insert" ten;" so as to make the duty 10 per cent ad valorem, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair hears no objection, hi h · h t t and the par~o-raph is passed over. W c IS t e presen ra e. The. next amendment of the Committee on Finance was, under The amendment was rejected. The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was to in- the heading '·.Miscellaneous p::.-aducts," in paragrapb .279, page 80, sert the following as a new paragraph: line 8, after the word "Chicory-root/' to strike out "raw, dried, or undried, but unground, 1 cent per pound; chicory-r-:.ot;" and 27!t. Dead game, and ga.me meats, 2 cents per pound. in line 12, after the word " act," to strike out "three" and insert The amendment was agreed to. "two;., so as to make the paragraph read: The Secretary read the next paragraph, as follows: 279. Chicory-root, burnt or roasted, ground or granulated, or in rolls, or 275. Extract of meat, not specially provided for in this -act, 35 cents per otherwise prepared, and not specially J>l'ovided for in this act, 2 cents per pound; fluid extract of meat, 15 cents per pound. pound. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I should.Jike to have tbat paragraph Mr. ALLISON. I ask that the first amendment of the commit- passed over. tee he disagreed to. Mr. ALLISON. · I propose to amend it so as to perfect it. How- The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there is no objection., the .first ever, I understand the Senator from Arkansas desires to have tbe amendment is rusagreed to. paragraph go over, and I shall not object. :Mr. ALLISON. And the second amendment-- The PRESIDING OF.FICER. The Senat01· .from Iowa proposes Mr. VEST. L et us understand the effect of that. an amendment to the paragraph, which will be stated. Mr. ALLISON. In behalf of the committee, I modjfy the The SECRETARY. Add at the end of paragraph 275, page 79, amendment in line 12 by inserting after the word "two" the words line 25, the following: ''and one-half;" so as to read "2t cents a poun-d." But the dutiable wejght of the extract. of meat and of the fluid extract of The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there is no objection, the meat shall not include the weight of the package in which the s.ame is amendment as mollified will be ~greed to. imported. :1\fr.JONES of Arkansas.. And thereby you raise the rate higher Mr. JONES of Arkansas. That is a very great improvement, than under the McKinley Act, oi.· higher than the Dingley bill. but I should like to have the paragraph go over for the present. Mr. ALLISON. Not so high as the Dingley bilL Mr. ALLISON. Is there any objection to this amendment? l\lr. VEST. Higher than the :McKinley Act. 1\fr. JONES of AI·kansas. There is no objeetion to the amend- Mr. ALLISON. We are steering under the House provision in ment. I think it is right. this paragraph at least, but it seemed to me that we ha.d reduced Mr. ALLISON. Then let the amendment be agreed to, and the the duty a little too low on the prepared article. paragraph be passed over. . . Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I should like to ask the Senator if The PRESIJ?ING O~ICER. If there be no obJ-ection, the this article, chicory, is used for any other purpose than to adul­ a~endment will be considered as agreed to, and the paragraph terate coffee? Will be passed over. · Mr. ALLISON. I believe it is a substitute an-d an adulterant The Secreta-ry read the next paragraph, as follows: Ias well. It impToves coffee, I am told. I think it can bear a rev- ·. 276. Lard, 2 cents per pound. . enue duty. Mr. VEST. I move to reduce the rate from 2 cents to 1 cent a Mr. JONES of Al·k:a-nsas. I understand it is a practical fraud, pound. I a:sk the Secretary to read an official report by Worth- and that the purpose is to enable grocers who choose to do .so to 177() CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 16,. mix a cheaper stuff with coffee and to sell it as coffee rather than And in lieu thereof to insert: to se~l the coffee itself. • 280. Chocolate and cocoa, prepared or manufactured, not specially provided Mr. ALLISON. Does the Senator want to raise the duty in for in this act, valued at not above 15 cents per pnund, 2 cents per pound; valued above 15 and not above 25 cents per pound, 2t cents per pound and 10 order to prevent its importation? . · per cent ad valorem; valued above 25 and not above 40 cents per pound, 5 1\fr. JONES of Arkansas. I confess I am somewhat at a loss to cents per pound and 10 per cent ad valorem: valued above 40cents per pound, know just bow it should be treated. 50 per cent ad v-alorem. The weight of the immediate coverings, other than Mr. ALLISON. I think it should be 2t cents a pound. the outer packing case or other covering, shall be included in the dutiable J\fr. JONE3 of Arkansas. I do not see why we should under­ weight of the merchandise. take to promote the development of a domestic fraud, and I am Mr. ALLISON. I desire, on behalf of the committee, to pro­ not particularly anxious to confer any favors on a foreign fraud. pose a modification of the substitute which is embraced inlines8to It seems to me that the thing is a fraud from end to end. 21, inclusive. I wHl say to the Senator from Arkansas that this Mr. ALLISON. Between the difficulties in the way, I think we has been very carefully prepared by the experts at the Treasury can compromise upon 2t cents a pound on prepared chicory, and Department, and that it does not essentially change the duty. whatever the result, our own people-- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The proposed modification will Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Is that for the purpose of protection? be read. Mr. ALLISON. For protection and revenue. The Secretary read as follows: Mr. CHANDLER. I desire to state to the Senator from Arkan­ 280. Chocolato an :1 cocoa, prepared or manufactured, not specially provided for in this act, valued at not over 15 cents per pound. 2t cent:> per pcmnd; v-al­ sas, in view of his remark that this is a fraud, that the senior ued above 15 and not abo>e 2! cents per pound, 2,\- ceuts per pound and 10 per Senator from Nebraska (Mr. ALLEN] would take occasion, if he cent ad \alm·em; valued above 2± and not abo\e 35cents per pound, 5 cents per were present, to controvert that statement at great length. pound '!nd 10 per cent ad valorem; valued above 35 cents per pouud, 50 per cent ad valorem. The weight and value of all coverings. other than plain Mr. ALLISQN. I hope he will not do that. wooden, shall be included in the dutiable wejght and value of the foregoing Mr. JONES of Arkansas. · If the Senator from New Hampshire rnerchandiso. Powdered cocoa, unsweetened, 5 cents per pound. is familiar with the opinions of the Senator from Nebraska on the The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there is no objection, the subject, perhaps he will favor the Senate now by stating what amendment will be agreed to. those opinions are. Mr. VEST. There is objection, and ve1·y decided objection. Mr. CHANDLER. I can make the statement shorter than the This is manifestly an increase upon the amendment proposed by Senator from Nebraska would do if he were here. He gave me a the majority of the committee. In the comparative statement, fine package of chicory, made and prepared as a product of his Mr. Ford estimates, by the amendment prior to this last one, an own State, and said that he thinks it is as much entitled to pro­ increase over the Wilson Act or the e2..-isting law from 11 per cent tection as anything that is contained in the bill. He omitted to to 24 per cent, and in the higher g1·ades_from 35 per cent to 50 per say that he should vote for a duty upon anything else besides cent. As I caught the reading of the last proposed amendment, chicory, but I think, perhaps, he would object if he were here; at it is unquestionably an increase over those figures: and I should any rate, I know be would speak at great length, if he were here, like to know from the Senator-- · on account of the remark whieh the Senator from Arkansas has .Mr. ALLISON. It is a slight increase at the valuation of 35 made, that the protection of chicory, a native procluct of great cents rather than 40 cents. value in Nebraska, is a fraud. Mr. VEST. I seriously object to this duty, but of course I do Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The Senator from New Hampshire not expect what I say will have any effect upon the Senate. Here seems strangely to misunderstand what I said. I did not say that is an article which is one of food, a n~essity to the American the protection of chicory is a fraud; I do not think that I said that people, and unquestionably it is not necessary to protect any the use of chicory is a fraud. I said that such was my under­ American industry. The duty as proposed in the original amend­ standing. I should be glad to have the Senator explain to the ment was excessive. I should like to ask the Senator what new Senate now, as he seems to be an expert on the subject,·if the sole light has caused hfm to propose this increase now? pm:pose of the production of chicory is not to adulterate coffee? Mr. ALLISON. I will state to the Senator that the modifica­ Mr. CHANDLER. I am joining now with the Senator from tions of this paragraph were made after consultation, I may say, Arkansas in reducing the duty on the products, and therefore it is with those who import this article and those who manufacture it not pertinent-- here, and it is better to equalize the different grades or brackets in Mr. JONES of Arkansas. What is the Senator's theory in want­ t.he paragraph that t.he modifications were suggested. The gen­ ing the duty reduced? I am seeking light. eral scope of the amendment is in accordance with the provision Mr. CHANDLER. Therefore it is not pertinent to ask me of the House, and in accordance with our original provision, whether it is a fraud. But I think I will answer the Senator's except that we have Jfpduced below the House provision in both question briefly. I do not understand chicory to be prepared for our amendments. pm·poses of adulteration. I understand that as it is now prepared The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to in Nebraska and sold as a cheap product it is to be used alone the amendment proposed by the Senator from Iowa, modifying the and without coffee. amendment of the committee. Mr. FORAKER. As a substitute for coffee. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. CHANDLER. As a substitute for coffee. If anybody The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was, in para­ chooses to mix it with coffee, no one will find any fault, any more graph 281, page 81, line 22, after the word" cocoa-butterine," to than if a Southern gentleman mixes his drinks occ-asionally. strike out ·• six" and insert ''three and one-half;" so as to make Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Will the Senator be kind enough to the paragraph read: state whether he ever saw a cup of chicory unmixed with coffee 281. Cocoa-butter or cocoa-butterine, 3t cents per pound. or ever heaTd of anything of that sort practically? The amendment was agreed to. Mr. CHANDLER. Oh, yes; I have heard of it from the Sena­ The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was, in para­ tor from Nebraska. graph 282, page 81, line 24, after the word "and," to strike out Mr. JONES of Arkansas. My own impression was that it was "other;" and on page 82, line 2, after the word •· act," to strike used only for the purpose of adulterating coffee, and it was for out" one and one-half" and insert" two;" so as to make the para­ that reason that I did not think it deserved any particular foster­ graph read: ing care at the handS of the Senate. 282. Dandelion-root and acorns prepared, and articlel'l used as coffee, or as The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to substitutes for coffee, not specially provided for in this act, 2 cents per pound. the amendment of the Senator from Iowa [Mr. ALLISON]. Mr. ALLISON. I ask leave to modify the amendment by in­ Mr. CHANDLER. Mr. President, one word, in order not to serting "and one-half" after "two, 'so as to make -these other place the absent Senator from Nebraska in a wrong position. I substitutes for coffee accord with the provision already made understand that he is very anxious to have this duty, but does not respecting chicory. want it as a protective duty: he insists upon it as a revenue duty. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I hope theSenatorwillexplain to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to Senate why it is necessary to raise the tax on acorns some 100 per the amendment of the Senator from Iowa, including the amend­ cent higher than was proposed t:lven in tne Dingley bHl. Is it pos­ ment of the committee as modified. sible that pauper acorns from abroad are going to exterminate The amendment was agreed to. American acorns? The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was to strike Mr. ALLISON. The Senator understands, I think-! hope he out the following paragraph: does-that this is a provision relating wholly to subRtitutes for coffee not specially provided for in this act, and the duty is upon 280. Chocolate and coco:t, prepared or manufactured, not specially provided for, valued at not above 12 cents per pound,lt centsper pound and lOper cent prepared substitutes for coffee. If acorns are thus prepared, I do ad valorem; valued above 12 cents per pound and not abov-e 2! cents per not see why they should not pay a fair revenue as well as chicory. pouud, 2r cents per pound and 15 per cent ad valorem; valued above 24 cents Mr. JONES of .Arkansas. My understanding is that acorns are per pound and not above 35 cents per pound, 3 cents per pound and 20 per cent ad valorem; valued above 35 cents per pound, 50 per cent ad valorem; used for other purposes besides. powdered cocoa, unsweetened. 5 cents f.er pound; and when packed in cans Mr. ALLISON. Not those mentioned in this paragraph. It or packages made of tin or other meta • not exceeding 1 pound each in con· reads, :; Dandelion-root and acorns prepared, and ar ticles used as tents, an additional duty of 6 cents per dozen cans or packages; and when exceeding 1 pound, an additional duty of 3 cent$ per dozen for additional half coffee, or as substitutes for coffee not specially provided for in pound or fraction thereof. · this act." 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to l of Schedul~ G, we fiud a.n item reildin~ as follows: "Salt, in sacks or oth:n' the amendment of the commi•tee as modified by the Senator from packages, 1.... cent~ per 100 pounds; I!J. bruk, 8 cents per.100 p~unds. . £ ~ 1 As stated m this act, the first obJect to be accomplished IS to provide rev- Iowa. . enue. Should salt be ph.ced on the dutiable list at this time, would it prove The amendment was agreed to. . I to be a satis~~wtory revenue producer? .Judging by the rec~nt past, when The Secretary read the next naragranh as follows. salt was. duhable,_we contend that salt will not. produce suffic;ent revenue ~o -"' -"' ' · pay for Its collection. Let us go back and review the facts. The war tanff 283. Salt in bags, sacks, barrels, or other packages, 12 cents per 100 pounds; enacted in 1862 was repealed in 1872. In making the new tariff of the latter in bulk, 8 cents per 100 pounds: Provided, '1'hat imported salt in bond may ytands of miles of sea­ Miss.; in Crystal Springs. Miss.; in Greenwood, Miss.; in Monti­ coast from Maine to 1\:lexico and from \Vashington to Lower California, for cello, Miss.; in Wesson, Miss.; in Durant, Miss.; in Holly Springs, the twelve months ending June 30, 189!, and again for the years ending June Miss., and in a number of other places in the South, protesting 30, 1892 and 1893, when there was no change anticipated in t.he tariff nor agi­ tation about the duties on salt, we confidently assert that (after allowing for against putting this duty upon salt. the rebates to be deducted thereb·om) the net amount of these collections I want to call attention to the section.alism of this provision. were not sufficient to reimburse the Governmf'lnt the cost of collection. While the fisherman of New England is entitled to a rebate upon Though making every effort to ascertain the yearly amount of the duty paid back by the Government under the proviso, it was not, we regret, until all the foreign salt he uses in curing his fish, without limitation as to after writing the above that we succeeded in securing some information pre­ the amount, the meat grower of the West and South ·must produce pared h.y the customs service, which, having a direct bearing on the case, and $100 worth of meat or pack $100 worth of meat before he secures thou~h mcomplete, is, we consider, of sufficient importance to submit with this argument. any rebate at all. Why this limitation put upon one section and The following amounts were paid back to the exporters of meat who had not upon the other? It shows, Mr. President, that whilst it is used imported salt in curin~ same. Only nine of the customs districts are pretended that there is no sectionalism in this bill, and the advent given, amounts paid out bemg as follows: 1889, $56,438; 1890, $7l,H!9; 1891, of Southern Senators to the cause of protection is hailed with &'75.145; 1892, $73,856; 1893, $73.972. This left the receipts of duty on salt for same years as follows: 1889, more enthusiasm than when a soul is saved at a camp meeting, $41~ 997; 1890, $2'23,166; 1891, S323,6!4; 1892, $255,287; 1893, $2'.?8,000. the whole thing is a pretense; and we always find the cloven foot We have not the amount of the drawback for 1891, but the average for the of class legislation showing itself when the opportunity presents. five previouB years is just $70,000, and as the syst.em was the same for that fiscal year as bad been maintained since 1872, no doubt the average was main­ Out of respect to these gentlemen, many of whom I know per­ tained that year. Making the allowance, we find the gr.:>ss revenue on salt, sonally in New Orleans and in Shreveport, where I formerly lived, as near as can be ascertained, was the very insignificant sum of $159,803. I ask that the Secretary read that argument coming from citizens These facts clearly show that, if placed on the dutiable list again, salt would not be a satisfactory revenue producer. of the South. . The second object to be accompli"hed, as stated in the pending act. is "to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Secretary will 1·ead as re­ encourage the indnstriesof th·e United States." We contend th<~otthe makers quested, in the absence of objection. of salt in this country no longer need encouragement; having for so many years dominated the salt trade and .dictated prices in the United States, they The Seeretary proceeded io read the paper referred to, but be­ could. without protection succes;;fully cope with the imported article. fore concluding was interrupted by Through favorable tariff enactments the!'e manufacturers have been pro­ Mr. VEST. I will ask that the entire paper be printed in the tected and encouraged for more than tln·ee-quarters of a century (the infant RECORD, developing mean time into a robust industry), growing stronge.r and stronger, without being further read, as a part of my remarks. until in later years, finding no foe from without worthy of attention, they Tbe PRESIDING OFFICER. If there be no objection, it will went to competing among themselves, and when a salt works was compelled be so ordered. to close, investigation invariably proved it was forced out of business by its The paper referred to is as follows: neighbor, and not b.ecause of competition with foreign salt. As evidence of this we submit the following abstract, taken from the state­ SALT SHOULD NOT DE '.rAXED. ment of the mineral r esourees of the United States for the calendar year NEW ORLEANS, LA., June 1, 1891. 1892, compiled by the Department of the Interior: " The amount of salt pro­ duced in the United States in 1892 was unprecedentedly large, r eaching 11,698,­ To the lto?w1·able the Senate and House of Rep1·esentatives S!)Obarrels of 280 pounds, as a ;ainst 9,9:37,9hj in 1891. Although the yield was of the United States, Washington, D. 0.: the largest yet obtained, the business was not by any means satisfactory to We ·re:;pectfully beg to s:1bmit a short a :-gament on the question as to producers. Sharp competition for trade during the pa.Rt two years (189 l and whether salt should r emain on the free list as it now is or go mto the tariff 18P2) has cut the prices to such low figur·es that profits have almost disap­ as a dutiable item. peared and a number of the smaller concerns h~ve been compelled to close There is now pending before your honorable body a measure the title of their works. No more conclusive evidence of the impro>emeut in the qual­ which is "An act to provide revenue for the Government and to encourage ity of the domestic salt is necessary than a study of the table imports, which the industries of the (.Tnited States." In this proposed act, under the head show a steady decrease since 1885. The total value of the Ealt imported intG 1772 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 16, the United States in l$2was nearly 50 per cent less than in 1885." The follow­ While sh rinkage in importation of the foreign salt amounted to 62 per cent ing extracts are also taken from statement of the same Department for the during the eleven years, the increase in production of the American salt year 189iJ: "The salt product of the United States in 1893 was 117,882 barreL<> amounted to nearly 100 per cent in the same time. more than in 189".3; prices ruling for 189'.3 were a bont as low as they could reach, How was it that dnring these eleven years the selling price of the Ameri­ so low indeed that a number of manufacturers ceased producing, though they can salt fell over 40 per cent, in spite of the protection afforded by a heavy were protected and encouraged by the beavy duty on foreign salt, finding the duty? It certainly can not be claimed that this was due to foreign competi­ business unprofitable. Notwithstanding the low prices which have prevailed, tion. The facts are. and can not be denied, that under the stimulus of a high and which have been due to keen competition am0ng producers of domestic duty, almost prohibitory, the domestic manufacture has been steadily grow­ salt, there has been a laudable endeavor on the part of a number of domestic ing-in fact, has been sUffering from overproduction induced by exceSSlve manufacturers to improve the quality of their product, and salt of Amerit'an protection. production has been so improved by new processes that importation of refined The proprietors of the American Salt Works late in 1893 and in 1 9-! pre­ (foreign) salt bas almost ceased to be a factor." dicted dire disaster and ruin to their business and a great falling off in the The same authority in the statement for year 1894, published in 1895, says: amount of the production should the duty on salt then pre>ailiug be taken " Imports of foreign salt into the Oni.ted States have shown an almost con­ off. The contrary bas proven to be the case, for their output for 1R95, when stant decrease since 1881, the decrease being particularly noticeable in the salt wa-s free, was 98,313 tons more than in 189-!, when salt was dutiable the imports of refined salt due to the improvements in the manufacture by Amer­ total amount of the output of the American Works for 1895 being 1.913,751 ican producers which has placed the domestic product on a line with if not tons, and there were 248,40-! tons of foreign imported, which was le s than 12 ahead of salts of foreign make." per cent of the total amount consumed during this year, when salt was free, We call attention to the last assertion: "The improvement in the manu­ and to exclude this insignificant competition Congre.-:s is asked to pnt a factru·e by American producers has placed the domestic product on a line heavy duty on salt. with if not ahead of salts of foreign make." Respectfully submitted. The statement from which the above extract was taken was written by an J ACKSON & KILPATRICK, expert compiler, one equipped with the necessary knowledge acquired after New Orleans, La. many years' experience at such work, who was therefore in a position to know whereof he wrote; his conclusions, being indorsed by the chief of divi­ COPY OF PETITIO~ AGAINST DUTY ON SALT. sion, were also approved by the director of the Bureau, therefore baing the conclusion of t-hree of the most expert statisticians and compilers in the em­ [Original petition in the possession of Finance Committee of the United ploy of the Government. States Senate, Washington.] While the last statement was for the year ending December 31, 189-!, it was The undersigned importers, exporters, ship agents, merchants, and con­ compiled early in 1895, when foreign salt was not being excluded from the sumers of salt at the port of New Orleans, La., and vicinity respectfully sub­ United States by a heavy duty, and the official announcement at such a time mit for your careful consideratiOn the following appeal agamst1 the placmg of that "salt of domestic production was equal in q.uality if not superior to for­ salt on the dutiable list. eign make" is conclusive evidence that the Salt mdnstry had reached such a Steamships coming to this port from Liverpool for cargoes of our products, stage of superabundance of quantity (nota amount of annual output) as well such as cotton, cotton-seed oil, oil cake, lumber, staves, etc., bring salt. This as perfection in quality as to no longer need encouragement and pr.otection. salt, besides being a desirable cargo, always pays freight, thus contributing An impost duty was first placed on salt in July, 17~9. During the 105 years toward the cost of bringing steamers here, and to that extent permitting of following to August 28, 189-!, salt was on the free list for twenty-four year.:; a material reduction in the rate of freight on all outward cargoes of our and dutiable for eighty-one years. In 1861 the rate was made very high. equal American products which go to seek a market abroad. to about 75 per cent ad valorem, followed shortly after, in 1!!62, by a still lugher On the other hand, should the importation of salt be prohibited, owing to rate, equaling 100 per cent ad valorem. This continued until 1812, when it the imposition of an excessively high duty. as now proposed, many of the!>e was reduced toara.teequal to 50 per cent ad valorem. Hereisanindustrypro­ ste..1.mers would be compelled to come in purchased ballast, and thus our tected and encouragedforovereightyyears, the last thirty-three years being exports., under suc.h circumstance, would necessarily have to pay a higher consecutive, during all of which time our people have been heavily taxed on freight, one sufficient to compensate steamer for the entire round trip. an article of absolute necessity to man and beast-an article used in many of Official st-atistics published by our Government show that of the total the manufactures and in all fooa and food products_ Carrying such a heavy amount of salt consumed in the United States during 18CJ5, more than 87 per tax for so niany years, it is natural to suppose that great benefit was being cent was produced in this country, and though salt was then free of duty, less derived by a large number of people and that many thousands of laborers than 13 per cent was im~orted . found employment in the numerous srut works. What do the records show? We submit, if a duty Is levied on salt, it will be solelr for the purpose of If we take the census of 1880, we will learn there were 276 establishments 11reventing this insignificant competition, and if the unportations did not manufacturing salt in the United States, a capital investment of ',500,000, cease entirely. they would be so infinitesimally small the Government would with a total of 4,!93 employees, who were paid $1,305,0';,} in wa~es annnall;Y., not collect enough revenue from this item in the tariff to compensate for the each laborer averaging :?90 per year, or S"2!.16 per month, which is just 80 cost of collecting same. · cents per day. The censu~ of 1890 shows there were only 200 establishments, The rate now proposed (12 cents per 100 pounds on all salt in sacks and 8 with a capital of $13,437.749, a total of 4,455 employees, less than 23 people, in­ cents per 100liounds on all salt in bulk) would undoubtedly result in prac- cluding manager, clerks, and laborers, to each salt works, whose annual wages, Sl.782,491, an average of S-!00.11 to ea.ch employee per year, or $33.3! tic~~~c~~tt~J'~~~\i~r!'d~~~~~~:'";·of our American industries is best p er month, or 1.10 per day. secured by means of a l?rohibitory tariff that may result in such retaliatory It having been shown that collections from the duty on salt, owing to the tariffs by other countries as would discriminate against t he products of the prohibitory rate, were so small that the Government could not longer derive farms and factories of the United States; benefit therefrom, the question naturally arises, Who would be benefited N EW O.RL.EANS, Ap1-il, by a tax levied on 71,000 000 people? Would it be a great army of laborers at 1897. liberal pay, or the [less than] 4,500 employees receiving the extravagant N ew Orleans, La.: Jackson & KilpatricJs importers; B. H. Flasb­ compensation in return for their labor of from 80 cents to $1.10 per day? No; poller & S s, E. Feibleman, Sons & vo., Jno. M. Parker & Co., the sole beneficiaries would be the few proprietors of the salt works, whose Berkson Bros., U Doyle & Co., H. T. Cottam Company, Limited, already enormous profits would be thereby increased. J. & B. Schutten, J. & M. Schwabacher Company, Limited, Fly For though salt is just as necessary to the well-being of all as is air or water, Hobson & Talbert, V. Schwan & Co., and The Ledoux Com­ our people would be compelled to pay an advanced price on the salt they pany, Limited, wholesale grocers; Andrew J. McShane and used, becausE' to the regular profit in the selling price of the domestic article Knebel & Raquet;, wholesale hides and wool; The Fmnegan there would be added an amount equal to the duty paid on the imported Fitzpatrick Company, wholesale dealer hides and wool and salt. therefore the cost to the consumer would be increased to that extent. exporters; J . H. l\Ienge & Sons, Limited (per B. H. Menge, When salt is again made dutiable, and thus added to the list of articles p r esident), wholesale grocers and ship chandlers, etc.; H. B. which it is claimed need encouragement. these beneficiaries will be encour­ Schreiber & Bro. and John T. Gibbons, wholeeale grain dealers; aged to again take up and continue the concentration of capital and the con­ H. & S. Blum, produce merchants· Albert Mackie Grocery solidation of works. While the total capital invested in works in 1880 was Company, Limited (per Albert .Mackie, president), Preston & but eight and one-h3lf million dollars, in 1 90 it was thirteen and one-half Stauffer, and J. G. Spor, wholesale grocers; Smith Bros. Com­ million dollars, but the number of t~stablishments was decrei<>ed from 276 pany, Limited (per J. B. Sinnott, president and manager ), in 1880 to 200 in 1!!00, and further reduced to less than 160 in 189!.. and this wholesale grocers and importers; Codifer Exterstein & Co. while the proprietors of these salt works were being protected and encour­ (per Hy. Exterstein, secretary), wholesale grocers a.nd im­ aged by the then existing heavy duty on all foreign salt. It was just eight porters; American Brewing Oompany (Frank Beck, secretary); years since, in June. 1809, that an effort at combination was made to form a L awrence ~'abacher & Bros., r estaurant; Clark & Meader, Bait union of all the makers in the United State by the formation of a com­ grocers and importers; A. Dumser & Co., importers; Nicholas pany with a capital of 15.000,000. This union bad option on all the establish­ Bu r ke Company, Limited, wholesale crrocers; E . S. Reams, ments whose output was seven-eighths of all the salt produced in America, wholesale grocer s; Barnett & Lemle, If. R. Gogreve, Andrew and it was principally because the few remaining establishments could not J. Keenan, and H. Hammett, wholesale grocers; Wm. Mehle, be secured, except at exorbitant prices, that the combination fell through. exporwr and dealer in hides and wool; A. G. Ricks, New Who can predict that, salt being again made dutiable, the next attempt at Orleans Brflwing Association; E. Conery & Son, Limited, ::ombinat10n will not be successful? wholesale grocers, ship and boat storers; Chas. Gitzinger, grain The followin~ tabulated statement shows the total imports of all kinds of d ealers; Louis Pfister, Poydras and Magazine streets; J . H . for eign salt and the total production of American salt from 1884 to 1894, in­ Keller, soap works (per Hy. Haag, secretary and tt·easurer); clusive, on basis of 2,000 pounds to the ton in both cases: G . W . Dunbar & Sons, packers; Wm. Atkinson, commission; M. J. Sanders'"-agent West India and Pacific SteamsWp Com­ Total pro­ pany; Alfred LeBlanc, agent Harrison Line Steamship Com­ Total im­ Total im- duction pany; Elder Dempster Company, perM. R. Warriner, agent Year. TJ'~li~~t~ Year. ported. of Amer­ Elder Demp~ter Line steamers; A. B. French & Co., 1\lelletta ported. of Amer­ & Stoddart, and f'JOrral & Sevilla, ship agents; Chas. D. Orth­ ican salt. ican salt. wein & Sons, grain exporters; Francis Xiques & Co. . exporters 1------1 of staves; M.acheca Bros., steamship owner s; A. K. Miller & Co. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. and S. V. Fornaris & Co. . steamship agents; Bobet Bros_ and 466,297 912,091 2!6,837 1,228,179 Jno. J. Grugard, stave exporters; W. J. Hammond, agent 1884 ------· -·- 189()_ ------Hammond & Sunsett Steamship Company; Simon Korn and 1885 ------4l5,0DO 985,4l1 1891_ ------·--- 239,2!7 1,39.-!,312 1886------408,983 1,078,991 1 !)",3 ______---- 235,075 1,637,845 Max Low'ry. stave exporters. 350,959 1,120,554 1893 ___ _._ ------195,983 1,665,609 Monroe, La.: Meyer Bros., T. G. Retley, R . L . Prophit, James C. 1887 ------Weaks, Moses Elder Company, Limited, J . W. Carlton, ~outh­ 1888 - ---·------· 330,0CJ7 1, 127,8:?3 1894_ ------· ------172,739 1,815,438 270,271 1,120, 7.'9 ern Grocery Company. Limited, McCormick & Flnkl'r, T. 0 . 1889 --·- ·------Brewer & Co., E. Fudickar. W. B. Reily. J. J. Jordan, and Uriah Millsaps. wholesale grocers; Consolidated Ice Company; We call attention to and request your careful consideration of the above, D . A. Breard. jr., president Ouachita National Bank; J. S. which was compiled for the period (the eleven years) immediately preceding Handy, president Monroe Grocerv Company; W. C. Hilliard, the removal of the duty on salt. It clearly shows the effect the almost pro­ president Monroe Hardware Company; R. B. Blanks, president hibitory duty was having. While the output of the American establishments Merchants and Farmers' Bank; John D. Painter, president w a" steadily increasing each year, the importations were as surely dec;·eas­ Planters' Oil Company. ing, being steadily driven from the market and out of com~tition, until, of Ouachita City, La.: J . A. Peck, merchant. t he total amount of salt consumed in 1804., there were sold 112,739 tons of (2,000 K entwood, La.: Banner Lumuer Company. .. pounds each) imported salt, which was only 9 per cent of the total consump­ Shreveport, La.: The Hicks Company, Limited, W . B. Ogilvie, tion of this country for that year, 91 per cont being supplied by the Ameri­ W . F . Taylor, Hunter Bros., Ardis & Co., and Crawford, Jen­ can manufacturers. tp.ns & Booth, wholesale gr ocer s. 1897. CONGl{ESSION AL ~EC-ORD-SEN ATE·.

Natchf'z, Miss.: Rumble & Wensel Company, S. Geisenberger, The a-maunt of the domestic p-rodu~tion .of salt in this ·country C. G. Miller, E. B. Foster, P. Bm·ns, Adolph Jacobs, P. S:m- is more than a million and a half of tons, and the tuta1 jm-porta­ ,gninetta, A. F. Jac-obs & Bro., Stockman Grocery CompaD:Y• tJ-o-ns "I'e only a little ·rvue"' ~00,000 to"":S,- ·sl·noe saltwa:R put on the W. H. Pritchard & Oo .. Cbas. Zerkowsky, Dreyfus Mercantile ""' "' v • ._.. ,_.._.. Company, Postlethwaite & Chase. Charles Meeks, R. Vir}ner free list, in 11:594, there h.-a-ve been 'larg-e amouuts of capital invested & Co., M. E . .Poelesta, E. J. Byrne, Frank Tudoree, B. Kull- in salt manufacturing. People who have been familiar-with the man, A. Beer & Co_, Frank Howe., LLowenburg & Co., Wm. h · ild'l.. a 1 h h d James, Perrault& Maher. Julius w. Roos, David Laub, R. J. 'hnsiness from t en· eh .uoo , _peop: e w . 0 ave been engage in 'Thompson, A. J. Smith, Millm• & Ruoff, The Mallery Grocery s-a1t ma-nufacturing for years, are investing large sums of money -Company (bv D. S. Bisland, treasUl'er), and Chas. H. Sehelle, now in New York and in :Michigan in building new salt works. merchants. Th Am ·- d - t' h · 1 · d · alt Kosciusko, Miss.: w. B. Potas Compa;ny, s. Abraham & co., s. P. l e · encan ~ro u_e Ion as _ -enoi~ous y mcrease smce s Kissimer W. A. Stingly, L. B. Rosentba1, J. H. Collier. J. Miles was put on the free hst. The AmerlCaill salt makers have the BoJ:d, c.' B. Gregory, Wm. Shanks, Du Bard &_S~th. G. W. markets of tbis country absolutely in all the North. The cost of Smith, P. S. Edmonds, J. N. Alexander, W. ~-Gilliland & Co., deliverjno· a sack of Liverpool salt in New York is -about 82 cents. A. E. Kelly W. G. BoswelL and W . .J. B1 own Bros. & Co., 0 ki d f l . merchants.' · The New Yo-rkern can sell the sa-me n o sa ti'OT about 72 cents -Jacks_on, Miss.: W. W. Morrison., R. M . McElroy, A. Zehnder. S. in New York, as e1aimed fQy the trade. The expe-nse of ·bringing VJ.rden. J. & . B. Hart, RatW'f Grocery Company, Wm. Clan- salt from abroad is of -course considerable and taking tbat into cey, Joe .AsCher, Thos. P. Barr. H. M. Kernaghan, D. W. ·a ti 't .' ll th ' t' th' t th' A · ~nt Wilkinson & Co., D. G. Pattin, E. Virden, '.r. J. Mitchell, jr., conSI era on, 1 gives a e -protec 10n a e menean sew. merch~ts. producers ought to ask. Then, when you take into consicleration Canton,ll_t;iss.i:, C. L. .rn and R. H. Sll;~e. mercbants. tant commBreia-1 oe-nters -all througb th-e country, showing that Edwards, Mis.<>.: L.A. Moss, G. F. W-a1blinge-r, B. B. .Balladd,.J. L. A - -lt b d d 1 ·a d h th · b 'Redfield, Wm. .P1·ice & C0~.A . J.Le-wis, L. D . .Freese,.J. .J. G0ld, - mencan -sa· caB e rna -e an ru- . own c eaper an 1t can e J. B. Howie. F . .A~gelo, W . -G. Redfi~ld, M. W. P. Pool, Jno. brought from abroad. There·is absolutely no room for .competi­ D. B'!ltl~. s. J. Emisong, J . D. White, Jas. D. Hagan, R. H. tion in theNorthernmarket· ·it:isamatterofnolm, J . K. Robb, Jno. E. P. Poel, W. 0. Dromgooe, D. V. • _a th ~-·1-t :'1- • +1.-.- . 1' ld t b k d f , th" · ' Howell A. McCallum and E . F. Crisler mercha;nts. anc e l:i(;U ma11.els ~~uemse -vas wo-u n0 -ave as e OI e ::LID- Yazoo City: _Miss.: J. F .. Powell, Hollingsw~rth Bros.• D. J. Dunn, position of this ,ta:x 'to a-ffect th-e :sa1t in the Northe-rn States, Itis F. Howard, Warren & Montgomery B~s., R. 'Hirsch & Co., -simp1y for the purpose of compelling the peop1e who ·are a1readv Alex.. neck, F. Barksdale, T . .A. Brown & Co:, Brown & Troy, 1... • h d h t- · :'\... S h ·s - • .J. H. Barnwell, D. A. Sw.ayze & co... E. Humme.rfield, Jno. J. ua-vmg a . ar enoug ·lme_In tue out ern ta~es to pay_ an m - N orth & Co. . W. H. Hyatr., A.ll. Courts, w_ H. Richardson, H. S. creased pnce for sa1 t that thlS tax was put upon it, as I 1Jehev-e. O'Reilly_, M.. W. ~'Dell, D. .A. James-& Co., E . G. Olden & Co., Mr. Presid-ent, the hour 1s late, and while this i5 ·a wonderfully F.Schmitt,:and WISefuo.s .., merchants. ·· t ~ __ b" t d h- :1... htt . tt t th -, tt ~ Vicksburg, Miss.: R.L:Crook & Co., s. C. Ra-gan & Co., -s.Schwarz lll ere~Lmg su J8C , au one w _lCil oug o a rae - e_:a enli.tOn & Co. . L. M. Nicholson & Co., P. P. Williams Company, Emile -of :all Senators, I sha:11 not·detam the Senate now by gomg elabo­ Bonnelli, a~d Sherard Grocery- Company,·n:erchants. 1;ately into this question; but I wish to call the attention of Sen-a- Greenwood, Mm~: W. W. M_cNmll. -!·B. Redditt: Robt. Herman, to-Ts the importations of salt. Hendeson Band, .Joe Stem., Austin & Fountam, Harron, R. T. In 00. h - d · t:t...: - Jones & Co., Jno. Dalmer & Son, T.hayer & Co.~ L . T. 'Baskett, · i 88 4 t ere -w-ere 1mporte mto ,ms country 416,000 tons; 11:n H. ;Berii.Stein.. W. L. Barro"Vf_, A. Ca&per, H. Le.~:ir, Saul J. 1'885~ 37-0~· 006 -tons; in 1886,-365,-000 tons. Tbe importation steaili.ry ~~::is~· Hyman .& Br-G., Stem Bros., .and R . P. -Gr-e.ene, me-r- decreased, ye~ by year , down to 1894, wben it _came to 154,000 Fayette, Miss.: B. Straas, N . Eilbott, C. Ooop, -after salt had gone on the free l1s.t, there was an McClure & llarper, s. Hirsh .& CJ(.).., R. R. Liddell, Mrs. W . ~- increase in the importatio-n, and it went from 154,000 tons to 221,­ S.tephen, J. J". -Gordon, F. Kranss, H. H. Meyer, and J. J. L1d- 000 -tons, and in 11.896 it"l·eached 246,000 tons. A!fi the ·same time den, mercbants. th · · th d t' d t' ,e a1 hil Utica, Miss.~ z. Wardlow, s. ·G.ressman & .co. D. T . Lee, Smith .& ere was an 1nm·ease 1n e omes 1c pro uc 10n o_~_ s :t, w · e Wm~ers, .M. F. Po~ell, Long & Osborne, lii.- H. Currie &'Bro., salt was free, -of 231,@0 tons; showing tha;t the increase is enor­ Lattimore.& RaniS, Reeves & Maddox, Mimms P. Newman, mo-usly more'!'apid in the development of the domestic :nro-duction :and.Kelley & Carson, merchants. th ·t - · th - t ti o.f f - 1 _,. Magnolia, Miss.: The Lanrpton Mercantile Company, V. A. Daniel, an 1 'lS ln e liDpOT a On ormgn Sa t. N. _K. Nettle~, D . l\1. Huff, J. ~-.Wolfe, s ..Cohn & ~n. Mag- The statement is made in these papers that salt is deli-vered free noha Mercantile Cam.p&tly, Wllhams & Elliott, T. C.Srmons & on board ears at -a dollar and :a ha:lf :a ·ton. 'The freight cost, as Co . and H. Rail, merchan.ts. • t ted 11.-. th b t -h b . - · l- ~ I th - 6 ,_:il_ Tyler Town, Miss.: Lam-pton B1•os. & Co., merchants. s_a uy . e -m.erc an s, ·. as een m ~~ ~Shl\l>nce ess an s~ - Monticello, Miss.: Lampton Bros. & Ra~'ls ~ompany_, Wm. At~- lmgs, and m almost ev-ery mstance 6 -sinlhngs and 6 pence, makmg son & Foxw.orth Company (-ColuJ?ll>m. Miss.>. :and Wm. Atkin- 81.62. the 'freigbt across the Dcean -thus amountinO' to mor-e 'than son.& Ba<1~Company (Osyka, M1ss.).., merchants. th- · f th ~]t Am · . -il d 1· d ~ . ·d .Brookhaven,J\hss.: Jno. McG-rath & Sons, A. c.·seavey,-C. Heuck & e pn~ {} e Scu ' eri~n :n;mi.:Le, e lVere on ;uoai th-e cars. Bon, R. A brahms, Hym~ Zwirn, L. Cohen & Bro., Brookhaven There 1s 100 p~r cent protecti01f m the tra~sportatiGn -alone across Gro9ery Oompany, Pfeifer & Dreyfus,_J os.. Heuek, Sherman & the ocean, wbwh seems to me m a11 consmence ~D be enough. M. tiC·· D.av1S, R . T . .Scherck, r. Lew-ethal .& .Son, .J. Wood, Max. . E e . h 1 man being every a_r..-..-..-..e animal e - - P1·iebatsC'll, Daniel & WJlloughby, and Geo. Bowsky, mer- V1 9 ~ · - VCU.L s · . · ' v~ryman,_v.r:oma-n, chants. and ch1ld, 1s compelled to use salt. It ~s an article of 1.1TI1versal Wes.<>on, Miss.: The Beck&r, Lyell~ McGrath Comp~ny, Bank of use~ 'it goes into -every home and isnsed a.t every meal. It is used Wesson. S. P . .Bloom, W.m. A!Jtin~n & McDonald., W. ~- ~el- for all domestic _purposes. man, J.P. Remleuf. H. E. Pr1ce., .i!iarns, Long & Co., Willia.ms Txrh h ld d t ,_ t · +.'L.. f th' .. Bros., and J. F . Patterson. merchants. vv y we s ou now un er a~e o 1ncrease urre cost o lS arti- Durant, Miss:: Joe, A. Ros~nberg, Dur-ant 'C_ommercial c_ompany, cle, an absolute neces.:;ary of life, when the natural confutions ex­ Wm..Sc~ld, CollllllerCial Hotel, A. Schild. Joel Schild, C. H. isting give the producers of it. a protection of more than 100 per -Gaskins, Mullen& Owenl..M. L. Weems,.E. W. McLellan, W.E. t · b d . h · 1 t t' · k h · :McLellan & Bro., w. w . l:Sartn, and J_ Marseilles, mel'Chants. cen IS eyon my eomp~·a ens10n, un ess we s op to mn- t at 1t Holly .Springs, 1\fiss.: P. H: Fa~t andJno. E. Ande10on, merchants. seems to be the policy of the Republican party, whe-reve1· and ·Camden~ Ark.: -Geo L . Ritchie, Thomas D. Thomson, and M. G. whenever they see the possibility of levyino- a tax on the many f(}r Williams, wholesale grocers. h f . . 0 - Eldorado, Ark.: E. c. Wilson & Co., merchants. t e benefit o the few, that they Will a vall tnemse1 ves of every such O!Jportunity. "\Vhile it is the case now in this country that Mr. VEST. Now I move, if I havenotalreadydoneso, to strike foreign salt can not interf-ere with the American production, ex­ ·OUt paragTaph 283, on page 82, for-the purpose of putting salt upon cept in the Southern States, there seems to be a desire to seize th-e free list~ .and on that I ask for the yeas and nays. every opportunity to levy a species of blackmail on those who eat The yeas and nays were ordered. their bread in the sweat of their faces all the days of their lives in Mr. JONES of AI·kansa s. Mr. President, I shall not-detain the the Southern States, for the pU1·pose of inc-reasing the price to be Eenate by any lengthy argument at this time on this question; paid to certain salt manufacturers of this country, when, after all, :but it does seem to me that it is one that is entitled to-serious con-j Mr. PI•esident, the result is no benefit to the salt producer. The ~ideration at the hands ;()f the Sen-ate. transpnrtation companies intervene between the two; and -we 1774 CONG-RESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 16, know how adept they are in turning whatever advantages the I Gear, Mason, Quay, Thurston, Warren, conditions may offer to their own use and profit. if~:r~ey, ~;!~~~e, ~~~~~~~d, Wetmore, I think that in the whole compa.ss of this bill there is nota single McB;ide, Perkins, Shoup, Wilson. provision which is more absolutely indefensible than this one of McEnery, Platt, Conn. Spooner, the tax on salt. NOT VOTING-34. I should be glad to have the Senate consider some of the numer- Aldrich, Gorman, Lodge, Sewell, ous arguments, some of the reasons and illustrations, which are as ~~!;:, Bale, McMillan, Smith, Stewart, thick as blackberries in their season, why salt should remain on But.ler, ~~~ough, ~:~{{~: Teller, the free ·list; but I shall not trespass on the time or the patience of Caffery, Harris, Kaus. Mitchell, Tillman, the Senate at this late hour to present them. I shall onfly repeat 8r~~n, IJ;:;~~~·;{::_n. Morrill, Wellington, that I have letters on my desk from American sat1 manu acturers Daniel, Kyle, ~~I~h:J:y_ Wolcott. themselves, me:tl who have put their moneyinMichigan salt works George, Lindsay, Rawlins, and in New York salt works, and who are handling salt by the So Mr. VEST's amendment was rejected. ton, who say they have invested their money in the production of The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of salt under free salt, and they state distinctly and clearly that they the Committee on Finance was, on page 83, paragraph 284, line 2, want no tax on salt; that they are perfectly satisfied that they can before the wOl'd ''cents," to strike out •' two" and insert "one and hold their own against anybody anywhere, and that this market one-half;" so as to make the paragraph read: can not be in:fluenced by any outside importation; that it cuts no 28!. Starch, including all preparations, from whatever substance produced, figure whatever. fit for use as starch, lt cents per pound. Mr. President, the majority of the committee think that salt Mr. WHITE. I have received a letter on this subject. I am should be given free to packers of fish on the Atlantic Seaboard. I not personally aware of the technical matters referred to in the What is the reason why packers of fish should have salt free any communication, but I will read it, so that if it affords any informa· more than packers of beef? Why should the packers of fish have tion to the committee it may be acted upon: salt fr~e any more th:;m the men who want to m:e -it for_food? MILTON, MAss., May 12, 1897. There IS no reason for It that I can see except that that section of DEAR Sm: We notice that by section 284of the tariff bill as reported to the the country and its representatives are vigilant and active in look- Senat~, a duty. of lt_ cents P :'! ~', poun~ is levied on starch, and t~at by sectiC?n in()' after their local interests, and they have been in the habit in ?85 a like,?uty Is levied upon dextrme, burnt starch. gum substitute, or Brit- alltariff bills as they have been passed of making discriminations Ish~~~sh to call your attention to the illogical nature of these duties as against the balance of the country and in favor of certain sections compare~ with each other: . . . . under their own particular care Star_ch IS tp.e I:aw mater1al of dextnD:e an4 of British gums, and IS the only . ·. . . material which m any way affects their weight. In the course of manufac-- I smcerely hope that the patnobsm of the Senate Will be suffi- ture the raw starch is first treated with chemicals, which do not in the slight­ cient to prevent the perpetration of this great wrong by putting est ~egree ad~ to its weight, a~d it is then s~bj~cted f_or a cousi~erable le':J~rth so monstrous a propo~ ition as this upon the statute books when of t1me to all: mtense heat, which conver~ It eithei: mto dextrme or BntiSh . . . ::. h . ' . gum, according to the nature of the chermcals applied. It IS clear that It can have but one effect, and t ~t IS to tax ~ga~n The inevitable result of this process is a shrinkage of from 15to 22 per cent, an alr6ady overtaxed and overburdened people m one locality m so_ that it ta_k~ much more than 1 po~nd of sta:r:ch to mak~ 1 pound of dex- this country. I demand the yeas and nays on this proposition. trme, or British gum. Therefore, while we receive protectiOn to the amount . d of lt cents per pound on our manufactured product, we pay a duty of about The PRESIDING OFFICE.R . The yeas and nays h ave a l.rea Y 2 cents per pound on the raw material which enters into that pound of man­ been ordered on the motion of the Senator from Missouri [Mr. ufactured product, making an actual discrimination against the domestic VEST] to strike out paragraph 283. nu'l.n~facturer of.ab~ut o~e-P,alf_ cent per poun4. . This, we submit, Is an lDJUStice and hardshi:p to which we should not be The S ecret.§trY proceed e d . t o_ca 11 t h e ro11 · . . subjected. The result of this system of duties Is typically illustrated in the Mr. C.AN]:jON (when his name was called). I am paired With potato-dextrine trade. The discrimination against the_American manufac- the senior Senator from Rhode Island rMr. ALDRICH]. tnrers tu~'DS over 0 the 9-erman _manufa_cturers p~actiCally the whole ?f a • CLAY (when hi's name was caJled) I transfer my pair large busmess wh1c~ WI~h a log teal tat_:.ff, we believe that the American MI· · manufacturers would entirely control. with the juni.or Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE] to the We feel that the change which we ask is a matter of simple justice, and Senator from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] and vote" yea." trust _that we may rely upon your. assistance~ having a duty levied upon . GEAR ( h h" ca11' d) I · • d •th th dextrme, burnt starch, gum substitute, or Bntish gums one-half cent per M. I. W en IS name was e · am paue Wl e pouud higher than upon starch; in other words, if the duty on starch re· semorSenatorfrom New Jersey rMr. SMITH], and I transfer my mainsatltcents .perpound,the dutyon dextrineand British gumsshould pair to the junior Senator from ~fassachusetts [Mr. LoDGE], and be2centsper~ound. . vote "nay." · Respect ully, yorus, HORATIO N. GLOVER & SON. Mr. KENNEY (when the name of Mr. HARRIS of Kansas was Ron. STEPHEN M. WHITE, called). I was requested by the junior Senator from Kansas [Mr. United States Senate, Washington, D. C. HARRIS] to announce that he is paired with the Senator from The letter is signed by Horatio N. Glover & Son, manufacturers Wvoming [Mr. CLARKI. of dextrine, British gums, gum substitute, Milton, Mass. Mr. McLAURIN (when Mr. Tn.. LMAN'.S name was called). I I called the attention of the author of this letter to the fact was requested by .the senior Senator from South Carolina [Mr. that the same discrimination obtained in previous laws, and he TILLMAN] to announce his pair with the Senator from Nebraska said that was undoubtedly the fact, but nevertheless the state· [Mr. THURSTQ "]. ment he made is absolutely accurate. I suggest whether~ tmder Mr. WELLINGTON (when hi.s name was called). I again an- this showing, if the statement be correct, and I believe it is from a nounce my pair with the junior Senator from North Carolina respectable firm, the duties ought to remain as they are. True, it [Mr. BUTLER]. If he were present, I should vote "nay." has been so heretofore, but that would scarcely afford an argu- The roll call was concluded. ment. - Mr. THURSTON. I transfer my pair with the senior Senator Mr. ALLISON. I call the attention of the Senator from Cali- from South Carolina rMr. TILLMAN] to the Senator from Kansas fornia to the fact that under the act of 1890 the duty on starch is [Mr. BAKER], and will vote. I vote "nay." 2 cents and on burnt starch lt cents. Mr. LINDSAY. Except for the absence of my pair, the senior Mr. WHITE. That is obviously wrong. Senator from Michigan [Mr. McMILLAN]. I should vote "yea" Mr. ALLISON. It would seem to be obviously wrong. Yet on this proposition. there was no special complaint about it, because in the act of 1894 Mr. BURROWS. I transfer my pair with the senior Senator the ouly correction made was to put the two on an equality. It from Louisiana [Mr. CAFFERY) to the Senator from Nevada [Mr. may be thatwhatthisgentleman states is true. Itevidentlymust JoNEs], and will allow my vote to stand. co t something to burn the starch. Mr. WARREN. I desire to announce that my colleague [Mr. Mr. WHITE. It will be observed that in the statement which CLARK], who is unavoidably absent, is paired with the junior I just read the writer mentions one large line of manufacturing Senator from Kansas [Mr. HARRIS]. which is being conducted wholly abroad now because of a dis­ :Mr. SEWELL (after having voted in the negative). Has the crimination of that kind. It seems to me that if we can we ought senior Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. MITCHELL] voted? to rectify it. However, I do not make any motion. I merely at. The VICE-PRESIDENT. He has not \Oted. tract the attention of the ~enator to the subject. Perhaps when 1\ir. SEWELL. I withdraw my vote, being paired with that the bill reaches the Senate an amendment might be drawn. Senatpr. Mr. ALLISON. Would the Senator suggest a higher duty on The result was announced-yeas 24, nays 31; as follows: dextrine? YEAS-24. Mr. WHITE. I would suggest a lower duty on starch, to equal· Bacon, Faulkner, :u~;o,ry, Roach, ize it in that way. Bate, Gray, Berry. Heitfeld, ~~i~:· Mr. ALLISON. I think the Senator mightfiuddifficultyon our Chilton, Jones, Ark. W~~~~n, Vest, side of the Chambe1·, and probably on his, in attempting to reduce Clay, Kenney, Pettigrew, Walthall, the duty on starch. Cockrell, McLaurin, Pettus, White. :Mr. WHITE. If I were pursuing the theory of the Senator from NAYS-31. [owa, I should raise it on the second section. Allison, Burrows, ~f1~~~r, ~~~~: ~~~:~er, Mr. FRYE. That is what the Senator from Iowa ought to do. Carter, Davis, Fairbanks, Gallinger, Mr. WHITE. I will allow it to remain as it is. 1897. CONGRESSIONAL' -RECORD-SENATE. 1775

Mr. ALLISON. Very well; and we will see about it later. the morning, which I ·wish to have printed in the RECORD. I was The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the not present when that part of the bill was acted upon; it was not amendment reported by the Committee on Finance. possible for me to be here; and I have an amendment which I The amendment was agreed to. wish to offer, and I should like to have it voted on in the morning. . The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of It relates to the first paragraph of the bill. I will send the amend- the Committee on Finance was, on page 83, line 3, paragraph 285, ment to the desk in order that it may be read. · before the word '' cents," to strike out '' two " and insert '' one and The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will be stated. one-half;" so as to make the paragraph read: The SECRETARY. After the word ." prescribed," in line 9, page 285. Dextrine, burnt starch, gum substitute, or British gum, 1t cents per 1, it is proposed to insert: pound. Provided, That only 75 per cent of the duties imposed by this act shall be The amendment was agreed to. collected on imports from countries whose mints are open to the free and unlimited coinage of gold and silver at the rate of 16 grains of fine silver equal The next amendment was, in parag1·aph 286, line 8, after the in value to 1 grain of fine gold. . word" pound," to strike out- Sweet marjoram, 3 cents per pound; summer savory, coriander seed, and Mr. MILLS. I ask unanimous consent that we may go back to thyme, one-half of 1 cent per pound. that part of the bill in the morning, in order that we may have a So as to make the paragraph read: . vote on the amendment. 286. Spices: Mustard, ground or prepared, in bottles or otherwise, 10 cents Mr. PLATT of Connecticut and others. Oh, no. per pound; capsicum or red pepper, or cayenne pepper, 2t cents per pound; Mr. ALLISON. I trust the Senator from Texas will not press sage, 1 cent per pound; spices not specially proVIded for in this act, o cents that request at this moment. The amendment may lead to 'some per pound. deba.te. I think very likely it will. There are very many things The amendment was agreed to. which have already been passed over, and it is not wise to discuss The next amendment was, on page 83, after line 12, to insert a the amendment the Senator from Texas ha.s offered. new paragraph, as follows: Mr. MILLS. I will ask to have the amendment printed in the 286l-. Tea, 10 cents per pound, until January 1, 1900; after that date tea RECORD as one which I shall offer to the bill at the proper time. shall be admitted free of duty. Mr. ALLISON. To that I have no objection. · Mr. ALLISON. I ask that the paragraph may be passed over. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment has been read, and It will be observed that jt is only a temporary duty, intended to it will therefore appear in the RECORD. - bridge over a deficiency that may occur for the first year or two. EXECUTIVE SESSION. I hope that during the progress of the bill we may dispense with Mr. DAVIS. I move that the Senate proceed to the considera­ this duty. I am not quite prepared to suggest it, however, so I tion of executive business. ask that the paragraph may be passed over. The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the con­ :Mr. WHITE. I simply wish, for the information of the Senate, sideration of executive business. After forty minutes spent in to call attention to a few remarks made by the distingujshed Sena­ executive session the doors were r eopened, and (at 5 o'clock and 35 tor n·om Rhode Island [Mr. ALDRICH] during 1894, in reference minutes p.m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Thursday, ·to this very matter. In criticising the Democratic side he made June 17, 1897, at 11 o'clock a. m. . use of this phraseology: If it be the purpose of this amendment to raise revenue, if it is a necessity, as I claim it is not- NOMINATIONS. Referring to sugar- Executive nominations received by the Senate June 16, 1897. to-raise additional revenue, why not take some other means? There area. ENVOY EXTRAORDINARY AND MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY. thousand methods open to the Congress which are certainly preferable to this one. Why not impose a higher duty upon whisky if revenne is a neces­ Stewart L. Woodford, of New York, to be envoy extraordinary sity? Why not increase the tax upon beert 'rhe tax of $1.50 a barrel upon and minister plenipotentiary of the Unit-ed States to Spain, vice beer would give approximately as)Iluch re-.enue as the proposed duty upon Hannis Taylor, resigned. sugar. Who would be hm·t by the im.\:osition of a tax like that? Not. all the 0 0 CONSUL. pef~~o~:J1JT~~~~ ~t~t~!e~~<;~s:i~h e[ :;:d~ io 1g~'te~feul !:;~ or ten Julius Goldschmidt, of Wisconsin, to be consul-general of the days ago that the absolute reductions in taxes by this bill as it now stands upon pure luxuries is $38,000,000 or an approximate sum to that which is United States at Berlin, Germany, vice Charles de Kay, resigned. proposed to be imposed by the bill upon sugar. Think of the monstrous SURVEYOR OF CUSTOMS. proposition of reducing the cuties upon cosmetics, upon artificial feathers and flowers, upon fine laces and embroideries, up<>n silk clothing, and upon John R. Puryear, of Kentucky, to be surveyor of customs for all that class of articles, in order to furnish an excuse for the imposition of a the port of Paducah, in the State of Kentucky, to succeed Felix tax upon sugar! What justification can you find in the judgment of the American people for this action? G. Rudolph, resigned. I refer to an extract in the same connection and bearing directly COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS. upon the tea tax. Levi M. Willcutts, of Minnesota, to be collector of customs for Again­ the district of Duluth, in the State of Minnesota, in place of Emil Re says- Olund, removed. · if it is necessary to secure revenue, as I believe -it is not, why not add to the AUDITOR FOR NAVY DEPARTMENT. tax on tobacco? You can easily get from an additional tax on tobacco all the revenue which it is proposed to derive from the tax on sugar. Why not, if Frank H. Morris, of Ohio, to be Auditor for the Navy Depart­ revenue is necessary and you do not care to levy a tax upon anything pro­ ment, to succeed WilHam H. Pugh, resigned. duced in the United Stat.es, impose a duty on tea and coffee? A duty of 10 ASSISTANT AGENT AT SALMON FISHERIES OF ALASKA.. cents a pound on tea would never reach the consumer of tea through an ad­ dition to price, as tea which can be imported to-day at from 10 to JX cents a James C. Boatman, of California, to be assistant agent at the pound is sold s.t retail mainly at from 40 to 50 cents a pound. salmon fisheries of Alaska, office created by the sundry civil ap­ You might ~mpose ad uty upon tea of 10 cents a pound and it would reduce · the profits of the importers or of the distributors of tea in the United States; propriation act approved June 4, 1897. but when yo·..timposeadutyuponsugar, so closeidthe competition upon sugar AGENT AT SALMON FISHERIES OF ALASKA. that whatever you add to the duty, as shown so clearly by the distinguished Senator from Kansas [Mr. Peffer] yesterday, is certainly and inevitably Howard l\L Kutchin, of California, to be agent at the salmon added to the price to the consumer, wherever he may be located. 'rhere is fisheries of Alaska, office created by the sundry civil appropria­ no dispute whatever about this proposition, and there can be none. ' tion act approved June 4, 1897. Thinking that possibly the proposition might be overlooked by PROMOTIONS IN THE ARMY, Senators upon the other side, I call attention to the suggestion General office?·. thus made by the distinguished Senator from Rhode Island, that it was unnecessary to tax sugar, that a tax upon tea and beer Col. Anson Mills, Third Cavalry, to be b1igadier-general, June would answer the·purposes much better. 16, 1897, vice Mizner, retired from active service. The VICE-PRESIDENT. If there be no objection, paragraph Quarternwster's Department. 286-t will be passed over. · The'Chair hears none, and it will be so First Lieut. Andrew Gregg Curtin Quay, Third Cavalry, to be ordered. assistant quartermaster, with the Tank of captain, June 16, 1897, The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of vice Pope, nominated for promotion. !he Committee on Finance was, in paragraph 287, line 16, before Maj. John Simpson, quartermaster, to he deputy quartermaster­ !he word" gallon," to insert the word "proof;" and in line 17, general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, June 11, 1897, vice after the word "standard,'' to insert "proof;" so as to make the Forsyth, retired from active service. paragraph read: Capt. James Worden Pope, assistant quartermaster, to be 287. Vinegar, 7! cents per proof gallon. The standard proof for vinegar quartermaster, with the rank of major, June 11, 1897, vice Simp­ !!hall be taken to be that strength which requires 35 grains of bicarbonate of son, promoted. potash to neutralize 1 ounce troy of vinegar. Cavab-y a?"'n. The amendment was agreed to. First Lieut. Thomas Jefferson Lewis, Second Cavalry, to be Mr. ALLISON. I will not press the consideration of the bill captain, June 13, 1897, vice Kingsbury, Second Cavalry, deceased. further to-night. · Second Lieut. William Franklin Clark, Seventh Cavalry, to be l\Ir. 1\IILLS. I wish to ask unanimous consent to go back to first lieutenant, June 13, 1897, vice Lewis, Second Cavalry, pro­ the first pg,ragraph. of the bill in order to offer an amendment in moted. 1776 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD-- SENATE.l JUNE 1'7,

Adillery arm. Mr. GALLINGER presented a memorial of the Laconia Lumber Capt. James Chester, Third Artillery, to be major, June 7,1897, Works, of Laconia, N.H., and a memorial of W. P. Gardner & vice Darling, Third Artillery, retired from a.ctive seL·vice. Co., of Concord, N.H., remonstrating against the proposed duty First Lieut. John Deane Charles Hoskins, Third Artillery, to be of $2 per thousand feet on lumber; which w ere ordered to lie on captain, June 7, 1897, vice Ohester, Third Artillery, promoted. the table. Second Lieut. Archibald Campbell, Third Artillery, to be first He also presented a memorial of W oodbm·y Bros., of New Hamp· lieutenant, June 7, 1897, vice Hoskins, Third Artillery, promoted. shire, remonstrating against ·an increase in the present ra-te of duty on tanned skins for moroc.co or a duty on raw goatskins· CONFIRMATIONS. which was ordered to lie on the table. ' He also presented a petition of W. D. Brackett &Co., of Boston Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate June 16, 11397. :Mass., praying for the imposition of a duty on goatskins· which REGISTER OF THE LAND OFFICE. was ordered to lie on the table. ' Frank G. Deckabach, of Ocosta, Wash., to be register of the Mr. VEST presented memorials of the Amalgamated Wood land office at Olympia, Wash. Workers, the Building and Trade Cotmcil, the Union of United RECEIVER OF PUBLIC MONEYS. Brewers' Workingmen's Association, and sundry other oro-aniza­ tions of St. Louis, Mo., remonstrating against the ena.ctment of John O'B. Scobey, of Olympia, Wash., to be receiver of public legislation intended to destroy the present system of ticket bro· moneys at Olympia, Wash. kerage; which were referred to the Committee on Interstate Com­ mere&. POSTMASTERS. Mr. CAFFERY presented a mem01ial of E. J. Hart & Co. and Cassius C. Pillsbury, to be postma-ster at West Superior, in the 1.094 other citizens of Louisiana. remonstrating against the enact­ county of Douglas and State of Wisconsin. ment of legislation intended to destroy the present system of Reuben J. Mott, to be postmaster at Port Allegany, in the ticket brokerage; which was referred to the Committee on Inter­ county of .McKean and State of Pennsylvania. state Commerce. George H. Swearingen, to be postmaster at Dunbar, in the Mr. TURPIE presented the petition of J. 0. Perrin and sundry. county of Fayette and State of Pennsylvania. other citizens of Lafayette, Ind .. praying for the enactment of legislation authorizing the President of the United States to ap· point a commission as proposed by the Indianapolis (Ind.) mone· SENATE. tary convention; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. He also :presented a petition of sundry citizens of Terre Haute, THURSDAY, June 17, 1897. Ind., praymg for the early enactment of a protective-tariff law; The Senate met at 11 o'clock a. m. which was ordered to lie on the table. Prayer by Rev. HUGH JoHNSTON, D. D., of the city of Wash­ Mr. MORGAN presented sundry memorials of citizens of Bir­ . ington. mingham, Ala., remonstrating against the enactment of legisla­ Mr. 'HENRY M. TELLER, a Senator from the State of Colorado, tion intended to destroy the present system of ticket brokerage; appeared in his seat to-day. which were referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. On motion of Mr. DAVIS, and by unanimous consent, the read­ Mr. KYLE presented sundry petitions of citizens of Custer and ing of the Journal of yesterday's proc-eedings was dispensed with. Goodwin, in the State of South Dakota, and a petition of sundry citizens of Brooklyn. N. Y., praying for the early enactment of a PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. protective-tariff law; which were OTdered to lie on the table. Mr. HOAR presented the petition of Joseph Dobbins and 86 Mr. PRITCHARD presented a petition of sundry citizens -of other citizens of W orce ter, Mass., employed in the carpet mills Raleigh, N. C., praying for the early passage of the pending tariff of M. J. W. Whithall, praying for the early enactment of a pro­ bill; which was ordered to lie on the table. tective-tariff law; which was ordered to lie on the table. He also presented the petition of Thomas J. Keith, of Charlotte, He also presented a memorial of sundry citizens of Massachu­ N.C., praying that he be remunerated for services as night watch­ setts, remonstrating against the proposed duty of $2 per thousand man at the post-offi-ce at that city; which was r eferred to the Com­ feet upon lumber; which was ordered to lie on the table. mittee on Claims. He also presented a memorial of sundry citizens of Massa.chu­ Mr. PROCTOR pr~sented the memorial of C. J. Hibbard, -of setts, remonstrating against any increase in the present rate of Newport, Vt., remonstrating against an increase in the present duty on India t-anned skins for morocco; which was ordered to lie rate of duty on tanned skins for morocco, or ~duty on raw goat­ on the table. skins; which was ordered to lie on the table. He also presented a petition of the Woman's Auxiliary of the REPORTS OF COMMITTEES, Yonng Men·s Christian Association of Somerville, Mass., praying for the ena-Ctment of legislation pTohibiting the reproduction of Mr. THURSTON, from the Select Committee on International p~·ize fights by means of the kinetoscope; which was ordered to lie Expositions, to whom was referred the joint resolution (S. R. 32) o n the table. accepting the invitation of the French Republic to take part in an Mr. DAVIS presented a petition of the Board of Trade of Min­ international exposition to be held in Paris in 1900 A. D., reported neapolis, ~finn., and a petition of 103 citizens of Lake Crystal, it with an am~mdment, and submitted a. report thereon. Minn., praying for the early passage of the pending tariff bill; l\Ir. MARTIN, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was which were ordered to lie on the t..1.ble. referred the bill (S. 1133) to pay the Richmond Locomotive and He also presented a memorial of 4.9 citizens of Rochester, Minn., !!lachine Works its claim for damages and losses incurred in the remonstrating against the passage of a clause in the pending construction of th~ armored battle ship Texas, reported it without tariff bill providing for the use of stamps on bank checks; which amendment, and submitted a report thereon. was ordered to lie on the table. Mr. CHILTON, from the Committee on Interstate Commerce, Mr. PLATT of New York presented a petition of sundry citi­ to whom was referred the bill (8. 2041) to amend section 4386 of zens of Rifton Glen, N.Y., praying for the early enactment of a the Revised Statutes of the United States, striking out "twenty­ protective-tariff law; which was ordered to lie on the table. eight consecutive hours" and •• twenty-eight hours" and inserting He also presented sundry memorials of citizens of New York ''forty consecuti-ve hours!' and "forty hours," reported it without City, remonstrating against the proposed increase of the tax on amendment. beer; which were ordered to lie on the table. LANDS IN GREER COUNTY, OKLA. Mr. MORRILL presented a p etition of sundry citizens of Ran­ Mr. CARTER. Upon the 19th of l\Iay the Secretary of the In· dolph, Vt., praying for the earliest possible passage of a protective­ terior addressed a communication to Congress r equesting that the tariff bill: which was ordered to lie on the table. time within which certain homestead settlers in Greer County, .Mr. MITCHELL presented a petition of the Millers' National Okla., should have the preference right to file on lands be ex­ Association of the United States, praying for the adoption of a tended for the period of six months. The extension was sought r eciprocity clause in the pending tariff bill; which was ordered to because the land office could not be opened before the 1st day of lie on the table. July, whereas under the existing law the prefe1·ence ri~ht would · H e also presented a petition of the Rohlfing Sons' Music- Com­ expire on the 18th day of that month. The intervening time, that pany and other importers of musical merchandise of Milwaukee, is, the space of time between the opening of the land office and Wis., praying that the customs duty on musical instruments and the expiration of the preference right under the law, is not ade­ parts for the same be provided for at the rate of 35 per cent ad quate to enable all of the settlers to make their filings. The Com­ valorem; which was ordererl to lie on the table. mittee on Public Lands unanimously report a bill granting the He also presEmted memorials of the Krause Shoe Company, of extension as requested, and I ask unanimous consent for its pres· Milwaukee; of the Racine Shoe Company, of R acine, and of the ent consideration. Atwell Shoe Company, of Mil waukee, all in the State of Wisconsin, Mr. ALLISON. I shall not object n n1ess it leads to debate. 1·emonstrating against an import duty on raw goatskins; which If it does, of course I must insist on the regular order. were ordered to lie on the table. Mr. COCKRELL. It \vill not lead t-o debate.