DOCSLIB.ORG

How to Comply with Your Environmental Permit Additional Guidance For

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How to Comply with Your Environmental Permit Additional Guidance For 27/07/2018. on withdrawn was and date How to comply with your environmental permit of Additional guidance for: out is Paper and Pulp (EPR 6.01) document This 27/07/2018. on withdrawn was and date of out is Published by: Environment Agency Rio House Waterside Drive, Aztec West Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4UD Tel: 0870 8506506 documentEmail: [email protected] www.environment-agency.gov.uk This © Environment Agency All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced with prior permission of the Environment Agency. March 2009 GEHO0209BPJB-E-E Contents 27/07/2018. on Introduction ............................................................................................................................2 Installations covered .............................................................................................................3 Key issues ............................................................................................................................4 1. Managing your activities ...................................................................................................7 1.1 Energy efficiency ............................................................................................................7 1.2 Efficient use of raw materials and water .........................................................................8withdrawn 1.3 Avoidance, recovery and disposal of wastes................................................................10 2. Operations ........................................................................................................................was 12 2.1 Raw material selection..................................................................................................12 2.2 Preparing fibre ..............................................................................................................13 2.3 Pulping..........................................................................................................................15and 2.4 Bleaching......................................................................................................................19 2.5 Papermaking.................................................................................................................21date 2.6 Coating .........................................................................................................................23 3. Emissions and monitoringof.............................................................................................. 25 3.1 Emissions to water........................................................................................................25 3.2 Emissions to airout............................................................................................................27 3.3 Noise.............................................................................................................................29is 3.4 Odour............................................................................................................................30 3.5 Monitoring and reporting of emissions to air and water ................................................31 4. Annexes ............................................................................................................................34 Annex 1- Emission benchmarks .........................................................................................34 documentAnnex 2- Other relevant guidance and abbreviations.........................................................41 This Environment Agency How to comply with your environmental permit Paper and pulp (EPR6.01) 1 Introduction 27/07/2018. on Introduction In “Getting the basics right – how to costs and benefits. Part 2 of Horizontal comply with your environmental permit” Guidance Note H1 Environmental Risk (GTBR) we described the standards and Assessment (see GTBR Annex 1) gives a measures that we expect businesses to formal method of assessing options which take in order to control the risk of pollution you should use where major decisions are from the most frequent situations in the to be made.withdrawn waste management and process industries. We will consider the relevance and relative importancewas of the information to the This sector guidance note (SGN) is one of installation concerned when making a series of additional guidance for Part technical judgments about the installation A(1) activities listed in Schedule 1 of the and and when setting conditions in the permit. Environmental Permitting Regulations (the Regulations). We expect you to use the Modern permits describe the objectives (or standards and measures in this notedate in outcomes) that we want you to achieve. addition to those in GTBR to meet the They do not normally tell you how to objectives in your permit. of achieve them. They give you a degree of flexibility. Sometimes, particularlyout difficult issues arise such as problemsis with odour or Where a condition requires you to take noise. You may then need to consult the appropriate measures to secure a “horizontal” guidance that gives in depth particular objective, we will expect you to information on particular topics. Annex 1 use, at least, the measures described of GTBR lists these. which are appropriate for meeting the objective. You may have described the The IPPC Directive requires that the Best measures you propose in your application documentAvailable Techniques (BAT) are used. or in a relevant management plan but When making an application, explain how further measures will be necessary if the you will comply with each of the indicative objectives are not met. This BATs in this sector guidance note. Where indicative BAT is not included, where you The measures set out in this note may not propose to use an alternative measure or all be appropriate for a particular where there is a choice of options you circumstance and you may implement should explain your choice on the basis of equivalent measures that achieve the Environment Agency How to comply with your environmental permit Paper and pulp (EPR6.01) 2 Introduction 27/07/2018. same objective. In cases where the activity may result in the onrelease into measures are mandatory this is stated. water of any substance described in paragraph 7 of Part 1 in a quantity which, in any 12 month period, is In response to the application form greater than the background quantity question on Operating Techniques, you by more than the amount specified in should address each of the measures that paragraph in relation to that described as indicative BAT in this note as substance.withdrawn well as the key issues identified in GTBR. In paragraph c), ‘paper pulp’ includes Unless otherwise specified, the measures waspulp made from wood, grass, straw and benchmarks described in this note and similar materials and references to reflect those of the previous Sector the making of paper are to the making Guidance Note. They will be reviewed in and of any product using paper pulp. the light of future BREF note revisions. In the meantime we will take account of advances in BAT when consideringdate any Directly Associated Activities changes to your process. As well as the main activities described of above, the installation will also include Installations covered directly associated activities which have a direct technical connection with the main out activities and which may have an effect on This note applies to activities regulated emissions and pollution. These may under the followingis section of schedule 1 involve activities such as: of the Regulations: • storage and handling of raw materials Section 6.1, Part A(1) Pulp and Paper • water abstraction and treatment plant Manufacturing Activities: • debarking and chipping • pulping or repulping a) Producing, in industrial plant, pulp from • de-inking documenttimber or other fibrous materials. • washing b) Producing, in industrial plant, paper • bleaching and board where the plant has a • stock preparation This production capacity of more than 20 • papermaking tonnes per day. • reeling and cutting c) Any activity associated with the • storage and despatch of finished making paper pulp or paper, including products, waste and other materials activities connected with the recycling of paper such as de-inking, if the Environment Agency How to comply with your environmental permit Paper and pulp (EPR6.01) 3 Introduction 27/07/2018. on • the control and abatement systems for large mill with the best conventional emissions to all media Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) may still • on and off machine coating plants; release 2-5 tonnes/day of largely • the power plant unidentified substances with poor • a waste to energy plant biodegradability (COD) into the • waste handling and recycling facilities. watercourse. Emissions to sewer and controlled waters withdrawn Key issues Most mills discharge via either their own or a municipal treatment works. In either The key issues are: case,was confirmation that the more persistent Accident prevention and control substances are broken down remains an Apart from the normal process and and issue, as does the minimisation of BOD. spillage risks, older sites may have poor Significant detail is required in assessing drainage systems that will need attention. rinsing and metal recovery systems used within the installation and you should Process selection and raw materialsdate provide a full justification for current As far as practicable, you should use the techniques and planned improvements
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Making! the E-Magazine for the Fibrous Forest Products Sector
    PAPERmaking! The e-magazine for the Fibrous Forest Products Sector Produced by: The Paper Industry Technical Association Volume 5 / Number 1 / 2019 PAPERmaking! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY Volume 5, Number 1, 2019 CONTENTS: FEATURE ARTICLES: 1. Wastewater: Modelling control of an anaerobic reactor 2. Biobleaching: Enzyme bleaching of wood pulp 3. Novel Coatings: Using solutions of cellulose for coating purposes 4. Warehouse Design: Optimising design by using Augmented Reality technology 5. Analysis: Flow cytometry for analysis of polyelectrolyte complexes 6. Wood Panel: Explosion severity caused by wood dust 7. Agriwaste: Soda-AQ pulping of agriwaste in Sudan 8. New Ideas: 5 tips to help nurture new ideas 9. Driving: Driving in wet weather - problems caused by Spring showers 10. Women and Leadership: Importance of mentoring and sponsoring to leaders 11. Networking: 8 networking skills required by professionals 12. Time Management: 101 tips to boost everyday productivity 13. Report Writing: An introduction to report writing skills SUPPLIERS NEWS SECTION: Products & Services: Section 1 – PITA Corporate Members: ABB / ARCHROMA / JARSHIRE / VALMET Section 2 – Other Suppliers Materials Handling / Safety / Testing & Analysis / Miscellaneous DATA COMPILATION: Installations: Overview of equipment orders and installations since November 2018 Research Articles: Recent peer-reviewed articles from the technical paper press Technical Abstracts: Recent peer-reviewed articles from the general scientific press Events: Information on forthcoming national and international events and courses The Paper Industry Technical Association (PITA) is an independent organisation which operates for the general benefit of its members – both individual and corporate – dedicated to promoting and improving the technical and scientific knowledge of those working in the UK pulp and paper industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Revision of the EU Ecolabel Criteria for Paper Products
    Revision of the EU Ecolabel criteria for Paper products Technical Report 3.0 Draft criteria proposal Malgorzata Kowalska, Shane Donatello, Oliver Wolf January, 2018 EUR xxxxx xx This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. Contact information Name: Malgorzata Kowalska Address: Edificio Expo, c/ Inca Garcilaso, 3. 41092 Seville (Spain) Email: [email protected] Tel.: +34 954 488 347 JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRCxxxxx EUR xxxxx xx PDF ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x ISSN xxxx-xxxx doi:xx.xxxxx/xxxxxx Seville: European Commission, 2018 © European Union, 2018 The reuse of the document is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the original meaning or message of the texts are not distorted. The European Commission shall not be held liable for any consequences stemming from the reuse. How to cite this report: Malgorzata Kowalska et al., Revision of the EU Ecolabel criteria for Copying and Graphic Paper and Newsprint Paper, EUR, doi All images © European Union 2016 unless otherwise specified January 2018 EUR xxxxx xx Contents Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Brief background to the EU Ecolabel ............................................................... 4 1.2 The criteria revision process .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fact Sheet: Paper and the Environment 1 FACT SHEET Paper and the Environment Paper and the Environment
    Fact sheet: paper and the environment 1 FACT SHEET Paper and the environment Paper and the environment For 2000 years, paper has helped shape the modern world. It has been hugely important in developing our cultural and creative life. Newspapers, magazines, books, packaging and banknotes are everywhere – and how many of us actually work in a ‘paperless office’? Concerns still abound over paper’s use and production. What paper you choose, and how you use it, makes a difference. This fact sheet concentrates on European paper production and use. Hopefully it will answer some of your main questions. Fact sheet: paper and the environment 3 Is paper bad for the environment? What to look for when choosing When recycled or FSC virgin fibre based paper are not available, then the fallback would be to ask for In a nutshell – no. Paper is made from a renewable a paper paper that is certified under an alternative forest raw material that can be recycled. It boasts the Use paper with post-consumer recycled fibre. certification scheme, such as the Programme for highest rate of recycling of any material in the Fibre from collected waste paper materials can the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes UK, and it is potentially sustainable. Demand also be reused up to seven times before becoming too (PEFC). encourages responsible forestry and the growth worn out to bind together. Although it needs to be of recycling. de-inked, recycling uses much less energy, chemicals Responsible pulp and paper producers monitor and water, and normally produces less pollution, and manage energy, waste, raw material selection European paper production uses non-tropical than processing virgin wood fibres.
    [Show full text]
  • Elemental Chlorine-Free Bleaching of Soda Rapeseed Pulp
    ELEMENTAL CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHING OF SODA RAPESEED PULP FRANTIŠEK POTŮČEK and MARTINA ŘÍHOVÁ University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic ✉Corresponding author: František Potůček, [email protected] Dedicated to the memory of the founder of the Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Journal, Acad. Professor Cristofor I. Simionescu Received November 18, 2016 Soda rapeseed pulps delignified to kappa numbers of 21.4 and 16.4 underwent elemental chlorine-free bleaching using chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peracetic acid as bleaching agents under laboratory conditions. Three four-stage bleaching sequences, DEPPPaa, D0EPD1P and D0EPD1D2, were applied to investigate the properties of bleached soda pulps, namely their brightness, zero-span breaking length and degree of polymerisation. For comparison, an oxygen-predelignified kraft softwood pulp with an initial kappa number of 10.5 was bleached under the same conditions. Soda pulps subjected to bleaching processes comprising two or three D stages were found to have a final brightness of 83.1 to 83.8% ISO, which was lower than that of 87.6 to 87.9% ISO obtained for kraft softwood pulp. The decrease in fibre strength was of only 7-9% for soda pulps, slightly greater than that of kraft softwood pulp. In contrast to fibre strength, the loss in the degree of polymerisation was considerable, roughly of 35% for soda pulps and 40 to 47% for kraft softwood pulp, depending on the
    [Show full text]
  • Durian Rind Soda-Anthraquinone Pulp and Paper: Effects of Elemental Chlorine-Free Bleaching and Beating
    Journal of Tropical Forest Science 30(1): 106–116 (2018) Masrol SR et al. https://doi.org/10.26525/jtfs2018.30.1.106116 DURIAN RIND SODA-ANTHRAQUINONE PULP AND PAPER: EFFECTS OF ELEMENTAL CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHING AND BEATING Masrol SR1, 2, 3, *, Ibrahim MHI3, 4, Adnan S5, Abdul Raub R4, Sa’adon AM4, Sukarno KI4 & Yusoff MFH 4 1Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Education Hub, 84600 Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia 2Innovative Manufacturing Technology Research Group, Advanced Technology Centre, Pagoh Education Hub, 84600 Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia 3Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Center, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia 4Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia 5Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia *[email protected] Submitted April 2017; accepted August 2017 A study was conducted to investigate the preliminary characteristics of soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ) durian rind waste pulp and paper with the effects of elemental chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching and beating revolutions. Pulping was carried out using rotary digester with 0.1% antraquinone, 20% active alkali (NaOH), cooking time of 120 min and temperature of 170 °C. ECF bleaching with chlorine dioxide – alkali extraction – chlorine dioxide – alkali extraction – peroxide sequence and beating in the range of 0 to 1000 revolutions were applied to the unbeaten and unbleached pulp. ECF bleached pulp produced soda-AQ durian rind paper with greater tensile index, burst index, tear index, number of folds, brightness and scattering coefficients, but with slightly lower opacity compared with paper made from unbleached pulp.
    [Show full text]
  • Containerboard Performance Liner- East Coast
    Containerboard Performance Liner- East Coast KapStone’s Performance linerboard grades provide optimum performance when combined with corrugated medium in the construction of corrugated boxes. These two-ply linerboard grades are produced using 100% virgin kraft TYPICAL USES fiber. Grades range from Mullen-standard Kraft Liner (KL), High Compression Packaging Applications Liner (HCL) and Ultra Performance Liner (UPL). Superior strength, appearance Corrugated Containers and performance makes KapStone grades ideal for corrugated boxes as well Laminations as specialty, non-box applications. Wraps Retail Ready Packaging ___________________________________________PRODUCT FEATURES BENEFITS______________________________________________________________________________________ Kraft Liner KapStone’s basic Kraft Liner sets the standard for consistent, MANUFACTURING balanced structure; appearance and performance. Two-ply LOCATION construction and rigorous production standards combine specially North Charleston, SC refined top and bottom kraft fibers for reliable strength, printability Roanoke Rapids, NC and converting performance. High Compression Liner Produced under rigorous manufacturing standards, KapStone HCL provides 15% greater strength per pound than standard kraft liner, allowing significant box weight reduction while maintaining excellent box compression strength, printability and appearance. Ultra Performance Liner Produced with demanding fiber preparation strategy and tightly controlled paper machine operating parameters, KapStone UPL grades
    [Show full text]
  • Tappi Peers 2020 Pulp Bleaching, Clo 2 Technology & Related Challenges
    18.3 Pulp Bleaching, ClO2 Technology & Related Challenges J. Barry Billett, Nouryon TAPPI PEERS November 3, 2020 Session18: Effective Bleaching Strategies eka.nouryon.com TAPPI PEERS November 3, 2020 Session18: Effective Bleaching Strategies Pulp Bleaching, ClO2 Technology and Related Challenges Preface In the highly competitive global Pulp and Paper industry the safe, reliable and efficient generation, storage and application of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is one of several processes critical to sustainable management of bleached pulp production. Introduction Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a strong and selective gas phase oxidizer discovered in the early 1800’s and first used as a bleaching agent over a century later in the textile industry during the 1920’s. [26] Early applications for pulp bleaching dates back to the 1940’s. Due to ClO2’s oxidizing performance characteristics for producing brighter, stronger pulp, industry use continued to increase into the 1960’s and 70’s. [1-5, 10, 30-46] During the 1990’s local and federal environmental regulations further pushed the Canadian and US industries towards ECF pulp production, 100% ClO2 substitution. Over the past century driven by environmental, quality, cost and competitive considerations ClO2 has emerged as the globally dominant pulp bleaching agent. The benefits of ClO2 bleaching outweigh the associated challenges. [12, 30-46] However, to remain competitive the challenges associated with ClO2 demand significant industry investment and attention, particularly within aging North American (NA) facilities. In pulp mills ClO2 must be produced on site at the point of application which introduces a host of considerations. Safety is paramount within any modern industry and Under the US Code of Federal Regulations (29 CFR 1910.119), ClO2 is designated as a highly hazardous chemical, thus demanding site and organizational focus on Process Safety Management (PSM6) programs.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Paper Industry 2007
    The State of the Paper Industry Monitoring the Indicators of Environmental Performance A collaborative report by the Steering Committee of the Environmental Paper Network THE STATE OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY EDITOR: Jennifer Roberts AUTHORS: Susan Kinsella, Gerard Gleason,Victoria Mills, Nicole Rycroft, Jim Ford, Kelly Sheehan, Joshua Martin LEAD RESEARCHER: Sarah Ives ADDITIONAL RESEARCH: Mary Lee Haughwout, Aimee Baxendell, Aaron Firestone ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The Environmental Paper Network would like to express our appreciation to the following experts who provided comments on a draft of this report: Janet Abramowitz, Peter Lee, Derek Smith, Judy Rodrigues, Delores Broten, Tyson Miller, Frank Locantore, Scot Quaranda, Peggy Bernard, Danna Smith, Jim Strittholt, Debbie Hammel, Eric Palola and Laura Hickey. The authors would also like to acknowledge and thank for their help: Tracy Godfrey,Valerie Langer, Tracy London, Andrew Goldberg, Aaron Sanger, Sean Cadman, Orin Langelle, and Anne Petermann. LAYOUT AND DESIGN: Serena Fox Design (www.serenafoxdesign.com) The Environmental Paper Network l inks environmental organizations that collaborate to support the conversion of the pulp and paper industry to socially and environmentally sustainable processes. For more information visit: www.environmentalpaper.org Steering Committee of the Environmental Paper Network: A s You Sow, Borealis Centre for Environmental and Trade Research, Conservatree, Co-op America, Green Press Initiative, Dogwood Alliance, ForestEthics, Environmental Defense, Markets Initiative, National Wildlife Federation. Copyright Environmental Paper Network, 2007 Executive Summary printed on 100% post-consumer recycled paper, processed chlorine free. In an effort to conserve resources, the full report is only available online at: www.environmentalpaper.org/stateofthepaperindustry. If printing the report or portions of it, please print double-sided whenever possible and consider your choice of paper carefully.
    [Show full text]
  • Technology of Pulping and Paper Making
    11 Technology of pulping and paper making This section presents an overview of the technology used in pulping and paper- making in Australia and New Zealand. It is designed to provide basic and generalised information to assist those readers not familiar with the processes. A glossary of commonly used terms is also provided in this section. 54 Australia & New Zealand Pulp & Paper Industry Guide 2015 Pulping & paper making technologies Details of the pulping technologies and steps in the paper-making process in Australia and New Zealand are presented in this section along with a glossary of terms commonly used in the industry. A basic illustration of a chemical pulp mill and integrated paper machine is shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 An illustration of an integrated chemical pulp mill and paper machine. Pulp mills can vary considerably, however the paper-making process is relatively constant across all grades of paper. Image: www.gunter.wordpress.com Fibre treatment The Australian and New Zealand paper industries have some fundamental differences and these, to a large extent, determine both the end products and the technologies used in processing. Cellulose fibres make up most of the woody mass of a Technology of tree. It is these fibres that are used in paper-making. In its simplest description, the fibres are ‘glued’ together by lignin, a complex organic polymer of varying composition, pulping and and this makes up wood (Fig. 8). Almost all the fibre used in both countries originates from paper making wood, either long-fibred softwood (generally pine) or short-fibred hardwood (generally eucalypt) trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Total Chlorine-Free Bleaching of Populus Deltoides Kraft Pulp by Oxone
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry Volume 2015, Article ID 381242, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/381242 Research Article Total Chlorine-Free Bleaching of Populus deltoides Kraft Pulp by Oxone Mohsen Miri,1 Ali Ghasemian,1 Hosein Resalati,1 and Farhad Zeinaly2 1 Department of Pulp & Paper Industries, Faculty of Wood & Paper Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49175-487, Iran 2Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj 31485-313, Iran Correspondence should be addressed to Farhad Zeinaly; [email protected] Received 19 May 2015; Revised 30 July 2015; Accepted 30 July 2015 Academic Editor: J. F. Vliegenthart Copyright © 2015 Mohsen Miri et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Since the bleaching process is one of the most important environmental pollutant stages in the pulp and paper industry, here, the total chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching of poplar kraft pulp by applying Oxone and peroxide under alkaline conditions has been investigated. The pulp samples were bleached in two stages of OxoneX (O ) treatment using an AOX1OX2 sequence (A: acid pretreatment), and then the treated pulps were bleached by peroxide (P) to achieve target brightness (about 80%). The influence of various reaction parameters such as alkali charge, temperature, reaction time, and bleaching agent dosage was optimized. The final achieved brightness was more than 78%. Accelerated aging experiments showed more stability in brightness for the Oxone treated pulp, because alkali Oxone bleaching stops thermal degradation.
    [Show full text]
  • Elemental Chlorine Free Bleaching of Wheat Straw Chemimechanical Pulp
    CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTAL CHLORINE FREE BLEACHING OF WHEAT STRAW CHEMIMECHANICAL PULP AHMAD JAHAN LATIBARI,* MOHAMMAD ALI HOSSEIN,* REZA HOSSEINPOUR ** and AJANG TAJDINI * *Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Karadj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karadj, Iran ** Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Received October 3, 2012 Production of bleachable CMP pulp from wheat straw using different dosages of NaOH and chemical treatment time was investigated. The yield after chemical treatment varied between 64.6 and 72.7% and the total yield after defiberizing was measured between 53.4% and 62%. The pulp produced applying 10% NaOH, 40 minutes pulping time and 95 °C pulping temperature was selected for bleaching trials. Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) bleaching sequence was used for bleaching the selected pulp. Applying 3% (based on oven dry weight of the unbleached pulp) chlorine dioxide in D 0EPD1 bleaching sequence (2% in D 0 stage and 1% in D 1 stage) improved the brightness to 62.2% ISO. The kappa number of the ECF bleached pulp was reduced from the value of 40.1 to the final value of 13.4 for bleached pulp. Keywords : wheat straw, CMP, yield, strength, totally chlorine free, elemental chlorine free INTRODUCTION Non-wood fiber resources, such as bamboo development, particularly in regions with limited and reeds, and then straw, were the available and wood supply.1 usable fiber sources for the early production of Regions like Asia and also some countries in paper, when it was invented in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Chemistry and Sustainability in Pulp and Paper Industry
    Green Chemistry and Sustainability in Pulp and Paper Industry Pratima Bajpai Green Chemistry and Sustainability in Pulp and Paper Industry Pratima Bajpai C-103 Thapar Centre for Industrial R&D Consultant (Pulp and Paper) Patiala , India ISBN 978-3-319-18743-3 ISBN 978-3-319-18744-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18744-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015942906 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media ( www.
    [Show full text]