Disk Recovery Tools
If you are looking to recover data from a drive that is at least potentially failing, you should first resort to try to make a clone/image of that drive to a backup drive. Tools like DiskDrill on MacOS, or Clonezilla and DDrescue are great at doing this. Linux can also be a great last resort OS to try to recover data from a drive if you keep running into issues on Windows or MacOS
pmount
dd / ddRescue
CloneZilla
Repair/Fix HFS+ (macOS) partition using Ubuntu
TestDisk pmount pmount manual pmount is a device mounting solution that simplifies mounting and will automatically try to remount any devices that may eject on their own. Very useful for doing data recovery on misbehaving drives.
sudo apt install pmount dd / ddRescue
Install ddrescue through the gddrescue package dd is a recovery tool probably found on every UNIX system. It is built to be lightweight, simple, and available. However, ddrescue (GNU) is more sophisticated algorithm to read "good" or "big" blocks first and then more damaged areas later to help reduce the amount of data read in a single operation.
Install gddrescue package containing ddrescue (GNU) by entering this command:
sudo apt install gddrescue
References
https://opensource.com/article/18/7/how-use-dd-linux
https://askubuntu.com/questions/803789/testdisk-is-showing-wrong-size-of-drive
https://superuser.com/questions/1024643/in-which-case-should-i-prefer-dd-over-gnu-
ddrescue
Manual
https://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/manual/ddrescue_manual.html CloneZilla
CloneZilla is useful disk cloning software that can be installed using Windows, MacOS, or Linux.
sudo apt install clonezilla
Using the uMount command, You will need to unmount the drives that you want to restore from / clone to:
umount /dev/yourdrive
#i.e.
umount /dev/sdb/
umount /dev/sdc/ Repair/Fix HFS+ (macOS) partition using Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install hfsprogs
# Use fdisk to find the Mac Partition.
sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 00006451-5A98-0000-F944-0000E3560000
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 40 409639 409600 200M EFI System
We want to do a FSCK check on the mac partition. sda1 is the EFI partition, so the mac partition should be sda2 (verify this in fdisk).
sudo fsck.hfsplus -fryd /dev/sda2
# -f will force a filesystem check even if the specified device is "clean".
# -r will try to rebuild the catalog file on the specified file system
# -y Tries to repair fielsystem errors automatically during the check TestDisk
If you are trying to recover data from a failing hard drive, try to clone the drive first. Resort
to TestDisk only if that fails. Also, you should really only try to use TestDisk on a recovered
image on a healthy disk rather than a damaged image on a failing drive. The reason to use it
in this way is because the write operations that TestDisk performs will likely aggravate or
further damage the failing drive more.
TestDisk is an excellent multi-purpose repair software. It can perform repairs on most partitions and partition tables, and make non-booting disks bootable again. It can also help in a pinch with data recovery, though you should run it on secured and recovered data only (see the warning above). Check https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk#Filesystems for a complete list of supported filesystems.
Install TestDisk
On Linux, TestDisk is really easy to install via package management. Otherwise, if you use
TestDisk on Windows or MacOS you will have to compile binaries to run TestDisk on those platforms.
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt update
sudo apt install testdisk
Basic Commands
Run TestDisk
sudo testdisk
Run TestDisk and provide debugging and a log file.
sudo testdisk /debug /log TestDisk - Data Recovery Examples https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/Data_Recovery_Examples