July 2010 The International AIDS Society (IAS) is the world’s leading independent association of HIV professionals. The IAS Newsletter is a tool for the organization’s diverse members to find out more about past, ongoing and future activities at the IAS and to learn how to become involved. For more information about the IAS, to search for and contact other members, or to find breaking news in HIV and AIDS prevention, care and treatment, and updates on upcoming IAS conferences, please visit the website at www.iasociety.org.

Sign the Vienna Declaration Join the call of the international scientific community for drug A person previously addicted to drugs gives an educational lecture to patients at a drug policy reform. page 6 rehabilitation centre in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Photo: © G.M.B. Akash / Panos Pictures

Message from the President page 2 AIDS 2010 to Intensify Focus on Introducing the New IAS Officers page 13 Message from the Acting Executive Director page 2 Human Rights page 5 The IAS Talks with Michel Kazatchkine page 14 Towards A Cure: IAS Pre-Conference The Vienna Declaration page 6 Regional Conferences Update page 15 Workshop page 3 IAS Activities at AIDS 2010 page 8 Measuring the Long-term Impact of the International Freedom and Equality in Africa page 4 Bridging the Divide: HIV and Health Systems page 11 AIDS Conference page 16 Universal Access Now Update page 12 2 Messages from the President and the Acting Executive Director IAS Newsletter July 2010

decreasing HIV transmission. This alone can Addressing those needs requires that we have a “game-changing” effect on our work. change the course of global drug policy, em- bracing evidence over political expediency Yet, as evidence mounts and we are on the and criminalization. To that end, I urge you verge of even greater progress, we face an to read the Vienna Declaration on page 6 alarming retreat from political leaders on and visit www.viennadeclaration.com to sign their commitment to universal access. This on. The declaration will be one of the most cannot be allowed to stand. As those who important outcomes of AIDS 2010 and we know first-hand both the power and poten- need as many signatures as possible. Please tial of scaling up prevention and treatment sign it today. services to reach universal access, we must remain vocal advocates for the resources As I complete my tenure as IAS President, and political commitment necessary to I welcome my colleague Dr. Elly Katabira, achieve this goal. who will be the first African to hold this lead- Message from the ership position. Elly will bring tremendous With its Universal Access Now campaign, experience and a crucial perspective to his President the IAS is doing tremendous work to build presidency. I look forward to continuing to greater support for renewed commitments. work with him on the Governing Council. 2010 is a pivotal moment in our As we push for universal access, we must collective efforts to change the remain mindful of the need to embrace all It has been a tremendous honour to serve course of the HIV epidemic. those affected by HIV and AIDS, and, as we in this role, especially at this critical junc- prepare for Vienna, I am especially cognizant ture. It remains my deepest hope that our With four million people in low- and of the need for significant improvements in collective efforts to build a deep well of middle-income countries now on treatment, programmes for people who use drugs. As my scientific and programmatic evidence will we have conclusive evidence of our ability colleague Nora Volkow and I recently noted in move world leaders to action. to build large-scale, effective HIV treatment a JAMA editorial, “Ultimately, the HIV/AIDS programmes. At the same time, we have a epidemic cannot be adequately dealt with Julio Montaner critical new understanding of the secondary locally or internationally without addressing IAS President benefit of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the needs of HIV-infected substance users.”

With just months before the universal ac- I imagine that a great many of us will now cess deadline, AIDS 2010 could have been come to Vienna deeply frustrated by this the last checkpoint in reaching that goal and turn of events, and rightly so. While this commitment. is not where we would have hoped to find ourselves at this moment, we must act as Donor nations should see and be wel- the circumstances demand. The fact that coming the tremendous return on their the G8 renewed its commitment to univer- investments – lives saved and productive sal access, but this time without a timeline work years extended. The most devastated and again without financial commitment, countries, now witnesses to the possibility does not help much. The crucial proof of of change, should be marshalling their own progress now depends on the success of the resources and increasing their resolve to be next Global Fund replenishment meeting true partners in HIV programme scale-up. just ahead of us. AIDS 2010 can be used to highlight what can be accomplished in the Under this scenario, the impressive Universal next three years with the necessary influx Access Now campaign initiated by the IAS under of resources. the leadership of former Executive Director Robin Gorna would have never been necessary. As we continue making the case for uni- versal access, the call for human rights must Message from the Acting Instead, we gather this July with the real- remain at the core. No matter how many Executive Director ity of more and more people living with HIV resources flow, our ultimate success is also that have been benefitting from the treat- dependent upon the expansion of human Since 2005 we have had a dream. ment scale-up now facing stock-outs while rights for those at risk for and living with others who envisioned starting treatment HIV. The opening of AIDS 2010 are rejected due to cruel financial pressures should have been a celebra- faced by funding agencies and implement- Mats Ahnlund tion of universal access to HIV ers on the ground. The notion that the Acting Executive Director prevention, treatment, care and world’s wealthy nations would make such significant investments in AIDS only to support. The dream included curtail those investments when momentum Editorial Committee: Shirin Heidari, Erika increased commitments from and science are on our side is unfathom- Lundstrom, Jacqueline Bataringaya, Scott donor and recipient nations able to those in need of treatment and those Sanders, Regina Aragón heartened by the impact of their who care for them. Equally disheartening Web Coordinator: Mona Dolan is the unwillingness of African nations to © International AIDS Society, Geneva Email: [email protected] ■ investments. fulfill their pledge to contribute 15% of their national budgets to health. IAS Newsletter July 2010 Towards a Cure: HIV Reservoirs and Strategies to Control Them 3

Towards a Cure: Current anti-HIV drugs do not eradicate HIV HIV Reservoirs and Strategies to Control START HAART STOP

Them HIV infection is Antiretroviral drugs However, the virus characterized by high (HAART) are capable of rebounds after levels of circulating suppressing HIV, even to cessation of therapy. IAS Pre-Conference Workshop: viruses in the blood. undetectable levels. 16–17 July 2010, Vienna, Austria

By Alain Lafeuillade, Marie-Capucine Pénicaud VIRUS CIRCULATING Limit of detection and Sierra Milley-Boland

“There is a strong need for continued TIME investments in basic research in order to HIV hides in reservoirs that are not sensitive to current therapies. increase our understanding of the mecha- Adapted from Nicolas Chomont, VTGI Florida nisms of HIV persistence and elaborate better and more affordable treatment op- The workshop organizers have placed a Session 5: What are Potential Therapeutic Interventions and How to Evaluate Them? tions,” noted Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, strong emphasis on ensuring representa- IAS Governing Council Member and tion of scientific excellence from around the Frank Maldarelli, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Chair of the pre-conference workshop in world, and scholarships will be provided for National Institutes of Health, will discuss what July 2009 at the 5th IAS Conference on HIV at least 62 participants. therapeutic strategies must be developed to Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. target HIV reservoirs, and what tools are needed to assess their effect. Key Issues Reservoirs May Hold Key to Eradication The workshop programme will feature key- Closing Keynote Current antiretroviral drugs fail to com- note addresses delivered by some of the pletely eradicate the virus from the body world’s most distinguished researchers and Daria Hazuda, Merck Research Labs, will discuss because HIV rests in some cells in a numerous oral abstract presentations. the feasibility of HIV eradication. non-replicating stage called latent infec- tion. Over time, latent cells can become The programme will cover a wide range Next Steps activated, causing HIV to begin replicat- of issues related to HIV reservoirs, from the In order to broaden the workshop’s impact, ing again. The strategies currently being characterization of viral reservoirs to the crucial the abstracts presented at the workshop and investigated to control HIV reservoirs may question of the feasibility of HIV eradication. an impact report will also be published in hold the key to the eradication of HIV. the Journal of the International AIDS Society. However, HIV eradication or even a ‘func- Agenda For those interested in deepening their tional cure’ remain daunting challenges. knowledge of HIV reservoirs, The Fifth Opening Keynote International Workshop on HIV Persistence Despite the availability of new an- during Therapy will be held in St. Martin, tiretroviral drugs – easier to take and Steven Deeks, University of California, San West Indies, 6–9 December 2011. ■ with lower toxicity – and the tremendous Francisco, will focus on the clinical implications of HIV persistence during therapy. increase in life expectancy they provide, The workshop is organized thanks to the generous HIV persistence under therapy continues Session 1: Where and What are Viral Reservoirs? HIV-1 support from the Agence Nationale de Recherches to cause several problems. First, antiretro- Reservoirs and Sanctuary Sites sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales, U.S. National viral therapy cannot be stopped because Satya Dandekar, University of California, Davis, Institutes of Health, The Austrian Federal Ministry viremia rebounds each time within a few will present an overview of HIV reservoirs and of Science, Sidaction and Treatment Action Group. days. Second, little is known about long- sanctuary sites that subvert viral eradication term toxicities when HAART is planned strategies. HIV Reservoirs at AIDS 2010 for decades. Further, even if HIV is com- “Understanding HIV reservoirs is critical to Session 2: What are the Mechanisms of Persistence? pletely blocked in plasma, the infection still the goal of developing treatment strategies evolves in other areas, such as the central Eric Verdin, Gladstone Institute of Virology and that are not dependent on lifelong therapy. nervous system, where drug diffusion is Immunology, will provide an update on the HIV reservoirs will be one of the exciting not adequate. Finally, the persistence of problem of virus reactivation and subsequent basic and translational science topics abnormal levels of inflammation can drive eradication by HAART. The session will include featured at AIDS 2010. “ an accelerated aging process in success- a discussion on the Berlin stem-cell transplant –Diane Havlir, AIDS 2010 Scientific fully treated patients. case. Programme Committee Co-Chair

Session 3: What is the Role of the Immune System in HIV The results from the pre-conference Workshop to Drive Research on HIV Persistence? workshop will be shared with AIDS 2010 Reservoirs delegates through a number of sessions In order to promote state-of-the-art re- Brigitte Autran, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, will and a press conference. search on viral reservoirs and to increase focus on the immune mechanisms contributing Opening Session to HIV persistence in individuals treated with the focus on basic science at AIDS 2010, HAART, as well as the important role played by State of the Epidemic: Strategies for a Cure the International AIDS Society is conven- HIV-specific immune responses in the control of Workshop (advanced) ing a high-level, invitation-only workshop HIV reactivation under HAART. HIV Reservoirs: What are the Strategies for on HIV reservoirs and strategies to control HIV Eradication? Session 4: What Host Factors are at Play? them. The pre-conference workshop in- Abstract Sessions cludes basic scientists, clinical research- Paul de Bakker, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Poster Discussion: Viral Persistency and Latency ers, scientific journalists and community will review current knowledge about host Oral Abstract Session: Persistence of HIV representatives, as well as senior admin- genetic determinants of viral control. Reservoirs istrators from major research institutions. 4 LGBTI Freedom and Equality in Africa: a Different South African Perspective IAS Newsletter July 2010

expression. However, that young, Black gay man’s only rights include sex with a partner of his choice and to openly associate with LGBTI people. These rights are vital, but real equality is a chimera.

Equality, privacy and freedom are privi- leges enjoyed by middle- and upper-class people, including gay men of all races.

LGBTI people both consciously and unconsciously lay claim to their rights as human beings and they locate these rights as global citizens. These rights to freedom and equality correctly inspire and activate people everywhere.

However, the uncritical adoption of the American, Australian and European rights– based strategies focused on the lobbying of parliaments, litigation and visibility through the media has led to an impasse. A rights- based movement that looks only to parlia- Photo: © iStockphoto, Tor Lindquist ments and the courts must fail, since they are largely captured by corporations and the urban, middle- and upper-class elites. LGBTI* Freedom and parades and LGBTI film festivals, and I also have access to queer literature and films. I For the LGBTI community, a rights-based Equality in Africa: a have great friendships. strategy must redirect efforts to commu- Different South African nity education and relationship building. Contrast this “lifestyle” to that of a Patient engagement with friends, parents Perspective gay adolescent I met in the shanty-town and friendly priests as potential allies will Khayelitsha in 1993 when he was 12 years be difficult, but will sustain a constitutional- By Zackie Achmat old. He lived in a shack, organized drama rights culture. Our allies must always assist sketches for the children and spoke of the advocacy efforts with the more conserva- Black, working-class lesbians “cruelty” of aunts and other children. The tive forces of tradition, religion and culture. raped and murdered in South unspoken but known cause of that cruelty Africa; gay men arrested, humili- was his gay identity, which he later claimed LGBTI participation in struggles for the ated, degraded and detained in because of our constitution. rights of the most vulnerable is indispens- able to our freedom and equality. This does Malawi; mob violence led by Seventeen years later, as a gay man, his not and cannot mean the abandoning of an Christian and Muslim clerics life is marked by even greater inequality. LGBTI- rights focus by organizations, but it against Kenyan gay men; a Forced out of school because of poverty requires understanding and solidarity with sustained campaign of homopho- and homophobia, he is a low-paid waiter in other struggles. a restaurant frequented by gay men. After bia in Uganda culminating in 10 hours work, he returns home in the early We should not abandon parliaments or the Anti-Homosexuality Bill in hours of the morning on a 30-kilometre jour- courts, but these efforts really make sense its parliament; and men who ney in a crowded taxi to a one-room shack. as a subordinate strategy. Our primary focus have sex with men imprisoned His work is “casual” with no benefits. must include education on sexual orienta- tion equality and solidarity with struggles in Senegal for attending an HIV This Black African gay man also attends of all vulnerable and marginalised people at conference are some of the pride celebrations, uses NGO services for community level. ■ examples of a sexual panic on gay men and has often attended the LGBTI film festival as a part of its subsidy policy. Zackie Achmat is founder and former chair- our continent. In his community, there is a measure of man of Treatment Action Campaign, former tolerance. Yet, he also fears hate crimes, director of the AIDS Law Project, founder of This homophobia is cause for anger, revul- including rape by gangsters who prey on the National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian sion and activism by every person. Despite the entire community, because of femininity Equality and a member of the African its terror, it also creates the possibility for in his manner. National Congress. an open discussion of sexuality. In theory, we are equal as gay men. We can *Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex. As a middle-class, married gay man, I am have sex without any fear of prosecution. 1 I nominally serve on the Board of Cape Town Pride; however, I reject the notion of “pride” in any identity over privileged. My privilege is most often based The constitution and a myriad of laws guar- another. Our identities both received at birth and those on rights denied to others. Independence, antee us equal access to social services, em- of choice always combine the good and bad, the safe and privacy, access to health, legal services, ed- ployment benefits, fostering, adoption, mar- dangerous, the ethical and the unethical, the questioning and the obedient. The assertion of freedom, dignity and ucation, a home with an office, and study in riage, divorce and inheritance. We can also equality of all human beings sustains our conscious and a peaceful neighbourhood form the basis of serve in the South African National Defence unconscious comfort and discomfort. LGBTI “pride” must this privilege. Occasionally, I attend “pride” Force and enjoy gay culture and freedom of be transformed into equal citizenship. IAS Newsletter July 2010 AIDS 2010 to Intensify Focus on Human Rights 5

Join the Conversation

Whether you will be attending AIDS 2010, participating in a conference hub or following from home, follow the events and join the conversation through: • the AIDS 2010 website, featuring transcripts from key sessions and the fully-searchable Programme-at- a-Glance with direct links to the full text of all accepted abstracts, as well as copies of presenters’ slides and speeches

Participants in the International Rally for HIV and Human Rights at AIDS 2008. • short summaries of all sessions and Photo: © International AIDS Society/Mondaphoto each day’s highlights prepared by onsite rapporteurs and posted online each evening “There are significant overlaps between AIDS 2010 to Intensify • the conference blog, which will offer human rights issues and our efforts to frequent posts on key events and Focus on Human Rights prevent and treat HIV among people who guest posts from interesting and use drugs, and these issues are especially high-profile participants The AIDS 2010 theme, Rights important in Eastern Europe and Central Here, Right Now, will echo Asia where injecting drug use continues to • Facebook pages, including pages dedicated to the Global Village and through a number of sessions fuel the epidemic,” said AIDS 2010 Local Co-Chair Dr. Brigitte Schmied, President Youth Programme and activities. of the Austrian AIDS Society. • Twitter (@aids2010, #aids2010) • webcasts provided by the Kaiser “In organizing the conference, we have The Human Rights Networking Zone in Family Foundation made a strong effort to delve into the var- the Global Village will provide delegates • online news coverage from NAM/ ied aspects of human rights and HIV and to and the general public with opportuni- aidsmap.com highlight the connection between protect- ties to meet human rights experts, talk to ing the rights of those living with and at journalists, discuss and debate hot topics, • online scientific analysis from Clinical risk for HIV and the success of efforts to sign petitions, view short videos and attend Care Options, Inc. scale up HIV programmes,” said AIDS 2010 workshops. A collaboration of leading HIV Chair Dr. Julio Montaner, President of the and human rights organizations around the You can find links to all of these International AIDS Society and Director of world, the networking zone is co-hosted by resources at www.aids2010.org. the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS the Open Society Institute Public Health in Vancouver, British Columbia. Program and the Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network. The Opening Session will include three “State of the Art” plenary presentations, Human rights issues will also take center focused on human rights and epidemiol- stage on Tuesday, 20 July, when interna- ogy and human rights and the response to tionally acclaimed singer songwriter and rights. The rally will feature people living HIV, as well as efforts to find a cure. Other AIDS activist Annie Lennox headlines a with or affected by AIDS from around the human rights–related plenary sessions will rally for human rights. The rally will fol- world. Following the rally, Lennox will examine positive health, dignity and preven- low a march beginning in the city centre at give a special presentation on her SING tion, violence against women and girls, drug 19:00 and making its way to Heldenplatz, Campaign and a musical performance. policy and harm reduction, and HIV and in- where activists and government leaders For the latest information on the march, carceration. The Jonathan Mann Memorial will rally the crowd in support of human visit www.HivHumanRightsNow.org. ■ Lecture, delivered by Meena Seshu of India, will focus on an overview of human rights and HIV. Conference Hubs: Eastern Europe and Central Asia: • Moscow, Russia (organized by AIDS In addition to a wide range of abstract Bringing AIDS 2010 Infoshare) and non-abstract driven sessions, satellite to the World • Kiev, Ukraine (organized by the All- meetings and workshops addressing a Ukrainian Network of People Living diverse array of human rights issues, two Conference hubs will provide AIDS with HIV/AIDS) special sessions will offer the opportunity to 2010 content directly to people • Almaty, Kazakhstan (organized by more deeply explore human rights. One will around the world. The hubs will feature the Kazakhstan Union of People examine human rights and health and the screenings of selected conference Living with HIV/AIDS). other will convene law enforcement lead- sessions and moderated discussions ers to share strategies for ways in which of how a session’s content can be used Independent conference hubs will be law enforcement can and should work in locally. Some hubs may also feature located at sites around the world. Visit support of HIV programmes, human rights workshops and trainings. There will be www.aids2010.org/hubs.aspx for an and public health, with a focus on drug policy. three official conference hubs based in up-to-date list of conference hubs. 6 Sign the Vienna Declaration IAS Newsletter July 2010 Sign the Vienna Declaration Join the call for evidence-based drug policy reform! Declare your support for policy that re- spects, protects and fulfils human rights and removes barriers to effective HIV prevention, treatment and care. Sign the declaration at www.viennadeclaration.com.

The Vienna Declaration enforcement drives drug users away from prevention and The criminalisation of illicit drug users is fuelling the HIV epidemic care services and into environments where the risk of infec- and has resulted in overwhelmingly negative health and social tious disease transmission (e.g., HIV, hepatitis C & B, and consequences. A full policy reorientation is needed. tuberculosis) and other harms is increased.14-16 • A crisis in criminal justice systems as a result of record incar- In response to the health and social harms of illegal drugs, a large ceration rates in a number of nations.17, 18 This has negatively international drug prohibition regime has been developed under affected the social functioning of entire communities. While the umbrella of the United Nations.1 Decades of research provide racial disparities in incarceration rates for drug offences are a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of the global “War on evident in countries all over the world, the impact has been Drugs” and, as thousands of individuals gather in Vienna at the particularly severe in the US, where approximately one in XVIII International AIDS Conference, the international scientific nine African-American males in the age group 20 to 34 is community calls for an acknowledgement of the limits and harms incarcerated on any given day, primarily as a result of drug of drug prohibition, and for drug policy reform to remove barriers law enforcement.19 to effective HIV prevention, treatment and care. • Stigma towards people who use illicit drugs, which reinforces the political popularity of criminalising drug users and under- The evidence that law enforcement has failed to prevent the avail- mines HIV prevention and other health promotion efforts.20, 21 ability of illegal drugs, in communities where there is demand, is • Severe human rights violations, including torture, forced now unambiguous.2, 3 Over the last several decades, national and in- labour, inhuman and degrading treatment, and execution of ternational drug surveillance systems have demonstrated a general drug offenders in a number of countries.22, 23 pattern of falling drug prices and increasing drug purity—despite • A massive illicit market worth an estimated annual value massive investments in drug law enforcement.3, 4 of US$320 billion.4 These profits remain entirely outside the control of government. They fuel crime, violence and Furthermore, there is no evidence that increasing the ferocity corruption in countless urban communities and have of law enforcement meaningfully reduces the prevalence of drug destabilised entire countries, such as Colombia, Mexico and use.5 The data also clearly demonstrate that the number of countries Afghanistan.4 in which people inject illegal drugs is growing, with women and • Billions of tax dollars wasted on a “War on Drugs” approach children becoming increasingly affected.6 Outside of sub-Saharan to drug control that does not achieve its stated objectives Africa, injection drug use accounts for approximately one in three and, instead, directly or indirectly contributes to the above new cases of HIV.7, 8 In some areas where HIV is spreading most harms.24 rapidly, such as Eastern Europe and Central Asia, HIV prevalence can be as high as 70% among people who inject drugs, and in some Unfortunately, evidence of the failure of drug prohibition areas more than 80% of all HIV cases are among this group.8 to achieve its stated goals, as well as the severe negative con- sequences of these policies, is often denied by those with In the context of overwhelming evidence that drug law enforce- vested interests in maintaining the status quo.25 This has cre- ment has failed to achieve its stated objectives, it is important that ated confusion among the public and has cost countless lives. its harmful consequences be acknowledged and addressed. These Governments and international organisations have ethical and consequences include but are not limited to: legal obligations to respond to this crisis and must seek to • HIV epidemics fuelled by the criminalisation of people who enact alternative evidence-based strategies that can effectively use illicit drugs and by prohibitions on the provision of sterile reduce the harms of drugs without creating harms of their own. needles and opioid substitution treatment.9, 10 We, the undersigned, call on governments and international • HIV outbreaks among incarcerated and institutionalised drug organisations, including the United Nations, to: users as a result of punitive laws and policies and a lack of HIV • Undertake a transparent review of the effectiveness of cur- prevention services in these settings.11-13 rent drug policies. • The undermining of public health systems when law • Implement and evaluate a science-based public health IAS Newsletter July 2010 Sign the Vienna Declaration 7 Sign the Vienna Declaration Join the call for evidence-based drug policy reform! Declare your support for policy that re- spects, protects and fulfils human rights and removes barriers to effective HIV prevention, treatment and care. Sign the declaration at www.viennadeclaration.com.

approach to address the individual and community harms Effects of UN and national government approaches. Report. New York: Open Society Institute; 2004. stemming from illicit drug use. 8 2008 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/ • Decriminalise drug users, scale up evidence-based drug AIDS; Geneva, 2008. dependence treatment options and abolish ineffective 9 Lurie P, Drucker E. An opportunity lost: HIV infections associated with lack of a national compulsory drug treatment centres that violate the Universal needle-exchange programme in the USA. Lancet 1997;349:604. 26 Declaration of Human Rights. 10 Rhodes T, Lowndes C, Judd A, et al. Explosive spread and high prevalence of HIV infec- • Unequivocally endorse and scale up funding for the imple- tion among injecting drug users in Togliatti City, Russia. AIDS 2002;16:F25. mentation of the comprehensive package of HIV interventions 11 Taylor A, Goldberg D, Emslie J, et al. Outbreak of HIV infection in a Scottish prison. British spelled out in the WHO, UNODC and UNAIDS Target Setting Medical Journal 1995;310:289. Guide.27 12 Sarang A, Rhodes T, Platt L, et al. Drug injecting and syringe use in the HIV risk environ- • Meaningfully involve members of the affected community ment of Russian penitentiary institutions: qualitative study. Addiction 2006;101:1787. 13 in developing, monitoring and implementing services and Jurgens R, Ball A, Verster A. Interventions to reduce HIV transmission related to injecting drug use in prison. Lancet Infectious Diseases 2009;9:57-66. policies that affect their lives. 14 Davis C, Burris S, Metzger D, Becher J, Lynch K. Effects of an intensive street-level police intervention on syringe exchange program utilization: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We further call upon the UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, American Journal of Public Health 2005;95:233. to urgently implement measures to ensure that the United Nations 15 Bluthenthal RN, Kral AH, Lorvick J, Watters JK. Impact of law enforcement on syringe system—including the International Narcotics Control Board— exchange programs: A look at Oakland and San Francisco. Medical Anthropology 1997;18:61. speaks with one voice to support the decriminalisation of drug 16 Rhodes T, Mikhailova L, Sarang A, et al. Situational factors influencing drug injecting, risk users and the implementation of evidence-based approaches to reduction and syringe exchange in Togliatti City, Russian Federation: a qualitative study of 28 drug control. micro risk environment. Social Science & Medicine 2003;57:39. 17 Fellner J, Vinck P. Targeting blacks: Drug law enforcement and race in the United States. Basing drug policies on scientific evidence will not eliminate New York: Human Rights Watch; 2008. drug use or the problems stemming from drug injecting. However, 18 Drucker E. Population impact under New York’s Rockefeller drug laws: An analysis of life reorienting drug policies towards evidence-based approaches that years lost. Journal of Urban Health 2002;79:434-44. respect, protect and fulfil human rights has the potential to reduce 19 Warren J, Gelb A, Horowitz J, Riordan J. One in 100: Behind bars in America 2008. The harms deriving from current policies and would allow for the re- Pew Center on the States Washington, DC: The Pew Charitable Trusts 2008. 20 direction of the vast financial resources towards where they are Rhodes T, Singer M, Bourgois P, Friedman SR, Strathdee SA. The social structural produc- tion of HIV risk among injecting drug users. Social Science & Medicine 2005;61:1026. needed most: implementing and evaluating evidence-based preven- 21 Ahern J, Stuber J, Galea S. Stigma, discrimination and the health of illicit drug users. tion, regulatory, treatment and harm reduction interventions. ■ Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2007;88:188. 22 Elliott R, Csete J, Palepu A, Kerr T. Reason and rights in global drug control policy. References Canadian Medical Association Journal 2005;172:655-6. 1 William B McAllister. Drug diplomacy in the twentieth century: an international history. 23 Edwards G, Babor T, Darke S, et al. Drug trafficking: time to abolish the death penalty. Routledge, New York, 2000. Addiction 2009;104:3. 2 Reuter P. Ten years after the United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS): 24 The National Centre on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (2001). assessing drug problems, policies and reform proposals. Addiction 2009;104:510-7. Shoveling up: The impact of substance abuse on State budgets. 3 United States Office of National Drug Control Policy. The Price and Purity of Illicit Drugs: 25 Wood E, Montaner JS, Kerr T. Illicit drug addiction, infectious disease spread, and the 1981 through the Second Quarter of 2003. Executive Office of the President; Washington, need for an evidence-based response. Lancet Infectious Diseases 2008;8:142-3. DC, 2004. 26 Klag S, O’Callaghan F, Creed P. The use of legal coercion in the treatment of substance 4 World Drug Report 2005. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; 2005. abusers: An overview and critical analysis of thirty years of research. Substance Use & Misuse 2005;40:1777. 5 Degenhardt L, Chiu W-T, Sampson N, et al. Toward a global view of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. PLOS 27 WHO, UNODC, UNAIDS 2009. Technical Guide for countries to set targets for universal Medicine 2008;5:1053-67. access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injection drug users. 6 Mathers BM, Degenhardt L, Phillips B, et al. Global epidemiology of injecting drug use 28 Wood E, Kerr T. Could a United Nations organisation lead to a worsening of drug-related and HIV among people who inject drugs: A systematic review. Lancet 2008;372:1733-45. harms? Drug and Alcohol Review 2010;29:99-100. 7 Wolfe D, Malinowska-Sempruch K. Illicit drug policies and the global HIV epidemic: 8 IAS Events and Activities at AIDS 2010 IAS Newsletter July 2010

IAS Events and Activities at AIDS 2010

The International AIDS Society (IAS) will host a range of organization-specific activities before and during the confer- ence, highlighting its priorities and some of the new initiatives it is undertaking. All locations are in the Reed Messe Wien unless otherwise noted.

The following activities are confirmed to date. For the most up-to-date information, visit www.aids2010.org. Photo: © Reed Messe Wien, G. Szuklits IAS Exhibition Booth

Sunday, 18 July–Thursday, 22 July; Exhibition Hall B, Exhibition Booth 400 12:00–18:30 (Sunday); 10:00–18:30 gies to control them, and will be closely linked health (SRH) for women living with HIV. Promoting (Monday–Thursday) to the conference programme. Related abstracts women’s rights and access to reproductive and submitted under Track A and Track B (Basic family planning services is a global imperative, and At the IAS Exhibition Booth, delegates can learn Science and Clinical Sciences) of the conference this satellite will explore the challenges of inte- more about the IAS and its conferences, policy will be presented and discussed, and results from grating HIV and SRH services and programmes in and research promotion activities. Visitors have the workshop will be shared with AIDS 2010 both generalized and concentrated HIV epidemics. the opportunity to collect information on the delegates. The best abstract presented by a young Participants will be invited to review programmes upcoming IAS 2011 and AIDS 2012 conferences, investigator will receive the IAS-ANRS Prize on HIV and funding streams, review public health meet IAS staff and network with IAS members and Reservoirs. This workshop will gather up to 200 planning and explore opportunities for advancing representatives from the IAS Governing Council. leading HIV basic scientists, clinical researchers, SRH/HIV linkages. Delegates can also apply for or renew their IAS selected editors of scientific journals, community membership at the IAS Membership Desk. The IAS advocates and senior administrators from major Satellite: Towards a Paradigm Shift in HIV also provides visitors with Internet access in the research institutions. Treatment and Prevention Internet area of the Exhibition Booth. Pre-Conference Meeting: Bridging the Sunday, 18 July, 13:30–15:30, Session Room 9 IAS Members’ Meeting Divide: Interdisciplinary Partnerships for UNAIDS and the IAS are hosting a discussion on a Stronger Together: Can IAS Members End the HIV and Health Systems new vision to reinvigorate the global movement HIV Epidemic? Friday and Saturday, 16–17 July, Vienna Marriott Hotel. By to achieve universal access to HIV prevention, Wednesday, 21 July, 18:30–20:30 with a networking invitation only. treatment, care and support. National and global session at 18:15, Session Room 7 leaders will examine emerging opportunities to The IAS – with funding from the Rockefeller expand access to better treatment and significantly Conference delegates are invited to attend Foundation and in collaboration with the reduce HIV transmission, while shaping a more the IAS Members’ Meeting with feedback from International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment efficient and sustainable global AIDS response. IAS-sponsored satellites and pre-meetings, and Programs and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Elements of the new vision for debate include: the opportunity for participants to ask questions. Tuberculosis and Malaria – is hosting a two-day • development of more resilient treatment In addition, the new IAS Strategic Plan, which will meeting for 200 researchers, practitioners and regimens and simplified diagnostic tools guide the work of the IAS over the coming five implementers from the fields of HIV and health • increased treatment coverage to strengthen the years, will be presented, and meeting participants systems. The discussion builds on lessons learned prevention impact of ART will be introduced to the newly elected members from Accelerating the Impact of HIV Programming • reduced non–drug-related costs of ART of the IAS Governing Council (GC), as well as on Health Systems Strengthening, held in advance • increased demand for testing and HIV services current GC members.The meeting will be preceded of IAS 2009, outcomes of the Bellagio meeting, within a rights-based framework through by a networking reception at 18:15. Leveraging HIV Scale-Up to Strengthen Health community-systems strengthening. Systems in Africa, and other relevant initiatives. This Office meeting will foster interdisciplinary partnerships Meeting: Thinking Politically between HIV and other health experts, health The on-site IAS office is located in Hall A of the economists and health systems experts; present Sunday, 18 July. By invitation only. Reed Messe Wien. This is also the location of the data and evidence from implementation research, AIDS 2010 conference secretariat. evaluation and case studies addressing vital A small closed meeting of political scientists to questions on the impact of HIV programming on be held prior the conference. This steering group health systems; discuss options for the future with is working together with the IAS and UNAIDS to respect to leveraging HIV programming to improve develop a 2011 workshop on political science and IAS Events health systems and priority health conditions; and AIDS, intended to generate engagement with a identify a priority research agenda regarding HIV broad spectrum of political scientists and to pave Pre-Conference Workshop: Towards a Cure: and health systems. the way for greater social and political science HIV Reservoirs and Strategies to Control participation during AIDS 2012 in Washington, DC. Them Satellite: The Global Context of Sexual Meeting: Social and Political Science Friday and Saturday, 16–17 July. By invitation only. and Reproductive Health and HIV: Making Seamless Programmes and Services a Tuesday, 20 July, 07:00–08:30, IAS Office To expand the focus on basic science at the Reality for PLHIV International AIDS Conference, the IAS is hosting Social and political scientists who are members Sunday, 18 July, 11:15–1:15, Mini Room 9 a high-level, two-day workshop, chaired by 2008 of the IAS are invited to discuss strategies for raising the profile of social and political science in Nobel Laureate for Medicine and IAS Governing With support from the Packard Foundation, the IAS the work of the IAS, following publication of the Council Member Françoise Barré-Sinoussi. The is hosting a satellite on sexual and reproductive workshop will focus on HIV reservoirs and strate- recent report The State of Social and Political Science IAS Newsletter July 2010 IAS Events and Activities at AIDS 2010 9

Research Related to HIV. This meeting will also were selected and each awarded up to US$150,000. hear the outcomes and proposed plan of action They will be announced at the conference. Award for Thinking Politically – a workshop to be held in recipients will participate in a pre-conference 2011. seminar with leading HIV scientists entitled The Field of HIV Research: An Introduction. Satellite: Integrating Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV: Building New Practices and Innovative Research Workshop: Change Your Country’s Discriminatory Laws: How to Advocate Thursday, 22 July, 18:30–20:30, Mini Room 5 for Removal of HIV-specificT ravel and Residence Restrictions This satellite will examine key achievements, best practice and research needed to support Monday, 19 July, 11–12:30, Mini Room 9 women living with HIV to realize and enjoy safe motherhood and healthy sexual lives, including The IAS in partnership with the Global Network the need to address challenging rights issues such of People Living with HIV and AIDS, the European as abortion and forced sterilisation. Attention will AIDS Treatment Group and Deutsche-AIDS Hilfe also be given to male involvement in sexual and will convene a workshop that aims to capture reproductive health and to youth-specific needs. best models of country-level and global advocacy The satellite is open to researchers, implementers toward removing HIV-specific entry, resident and and activists concerned with sexual and reproduc- immigration restrictions. Examples of advocacy tive health issues. experiences from China, El Salvador, Namibia, South Korea, Ukraine and the United States will Symposium: Prevention and Treatment of be explored. Presenters and participants will be HIV/AIDS among Drug Using Populations: asked to identify and workshop specific tools and A Global Perspective strategies for how to overturn these discriminatory laws and how to mobilize support for their removal Friday, 23 July, 11:00–12:30, Session Room 7 through evidence-based advocacy.

The IAS in collaboration with the National Institute Workshop: Publish or Perish for Junior Photo: ©iStockphoto.com/Matej Krajcovic on Drug Abuse (NIDA) convened a global consulta- Authors: Writing and Publishing Scientific tion meeting in January 2010 in Washington, DC Manuscripts on HIV/AIDS and Related to provide input to U.S. and global policy on the Topics key clinical, implementation and research priorities in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS Wednesday, 21 July, 16:30–18:00, Mini Room 3 Regional Sessions among drug-using populations. The goal of the symposium is to feedback key outcomes from this This interactive workshop provides an overview of Sub-Saharan Africa meeting to HIV and AIDS scientists and AIDS 2010, the scientific writing process and an introduction Monday, 19 July, 14:30–16.00, Session highlighting the importance of including people to the publishing process. The writing section will Room 2 who use drugs, particularly injection drug users cover key components of a scientific manuscript with the aim of providing researchers with a Simultaneous interpretation from and (IDUs), in any comprehensive, multidisciplinary into English and French approach to HIV prevention and treatment. The practical cookbook on how to write a good paper session is intended to advance understanding and and highlight resources available to authors. The action with respect to the epidemiological link publishing section will describe the publication Middle East and North Africa between substance abuse and HIV in key regions and the peer-review process, and address ethical Tuesday, 20 July, 16:30–18:00, Session of the world, the neurobiology of drug abuse issues in scientific writing. An editors’ panel will give insights into the workings of an editorial Room 2 and HIV risk behavior, substance abuse treat- Simultaneous interpretation from and ment as HIV prevention, optimizing antiretroviral office and discuss the most common reasons therapy among drug using populations – when for manuscript rejection. The aim is to make the into English and French to start, what to start, etc., and management of editorial decision-making process transparent and co-morbidities, co-infections and drug interactions. provide practical information on how to navigate Latin America The symposium will also present new evidence in the publication process by avoiding common pitfalls. Although targeted at junior researchers, the Wednesday, 21 July, 11:00–12:30, the application of the “Seek, Test, Treat and Retain” Session Room 2 strategy, a new approach to reaching people workshop focuses on practical issues in scientific who use drugs, essential not only to optimizing publishing also of interest to more experienced Simultaneous interpretation from and antiretroviral therapy, health and well being, but authors. into English and Spanish also crucial to HIV prevention through stemming Interactive Workshop on Scientific Writing: the spread of HIV among people who use drugs Asia and the Pacific and the general population. Scientific Integrity and Ethical Issues in Publishing in the Field of HIV and AIDS Wednesday, 21 July, 16:30–18:00 Session Room 2 Thursday, 22 July, 11:00–12:30, Mini Room 2 English IAS Education Programmes This workshop will focus on the ethical and practical dilemmas faced by novice and experi- Europe and Central Asia Research Grant Programme: Creative enced authors in the course of publishing their Thursday, 22 July, 11:00–12:30, Session and Novel Ideas in HIV Research Grant research on HIV and AIDS and related topics. Room 2 Programme. Experienced editors will discuss the most common Simultaneous interpretation from and issues related to scientific integrity in publishing, Thursday, 16 July–Friday, 23 July. By invitation only. including the principles and responsibilities of into English and Russian In collaboration with the U.S. Centers for AIDS authorship, plagiarism, duplicate publication, good Research and the U.S. National Institutes of Health, citation practices, conflict of interest, confiden- USA and Canada the IAS will unveil a new research grant programme tiality of patient data and the special challenges Thursday 22 July, 14:30–16:00, Session to encourage innovation in HIV research. The focus faced by young investigators in publishing their Room 2 dissertation research. Editors will review practical of the programme is developmental research by English scientists from outside the field of HIV research to measures to address these issues, and will present help address new questions related to emerging model institutional guidelines aimed at promoting issues of long-term survival with HIV infection and research integrity and a model for ethical decision The Caribbean the prevention of HIV transmission. The initiative making in scientific publishing. The workshop will Friday, 23 July, 11:00–12:30, Session aims to foster cross-disciplinary research, promote be hosted by the Journal of the International AIDS Room 2 Society, International Society of Addiction Journal novel ideas and aid in the success of investigators English at an early career stage. Following a robust and Editors, and European Association of Science Editors. competitive application process, 12 to 15 grantees 10 IAS Events and Activities at AIDS 2010 IAS Newsletter July 2010

Photo: ©iStockphoto.com/Karina Tischlinger

The International AIDS Society and IAS/ANRS Young Investigator Award IAS TB/HIV Research Prize National Institute on Drug Abuse Joint Fellowship Programme Encouraging HIV Wednesday, 21 July, 08:55, Session Room 1 Thursday, 22 July, 12:30, Session Room 2 and Drug Use Research The US$2,000 IAS/ANRS Young Investigator The aim of the US$2,000 IAS prize on TB/HIV Friday, 23 July, 11:00–12:30, Session Room 7 Award is jointly funded by the IAS and the Agence research is to generate interest and stimulate Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites research on basic, clinical and operations research With the support of NIDA, the IAS established Virales to support young researchers who demon- in TB/HIV prevention, care and treatment. The IAS a multi-year research fellowship programme strate innovation, originality, rationale and quality TB/HIV Research Prize is an incentive for researchers in 2009, focusing on HIV and illicit drug use in the field of HIV and AIDS research. The award to investigate pertinent research questions that affect with the goal of contributing to advances in is made to the author of an abstract accepted for TB/HIV co-infection and operational effectiveness of the scientific understanding of the complexity presentation who is under 35 years of age. One core TB/HIV collaborative services. of drug use and HIV. The programme hopes to prize is awarded in each of the six conference foster collaborative international research. Up to tracks. IAS Presidential Awards four fellowship winners will be announced at the conference, immediately following the joint IAS/ IAS/CCABA Prize for Excellence in Research Friday, 23 July, Session Room 1, Closing Session NIDA Symposium Prevention and Treatment of Related to the Needs of Children Affected HIV/AIDS among Drug Using Populations: A Global by AIDS The IAS Presidential Awards aim to recognize the Perspective. achievements of individuals who demonstrate Thursday, 22 July, 08:55, Session Room 1 a long history of leadership and excellence as pioneers or advocates at the forefront of the The US$2,000 prize is jointly offered by the IAS and response to HIV and AIDS. The awards highlight an IAS Prizes and Awards the Coalition on Children Affected by AIDS. One individual’s contribution that results in increased prize will be awarded to an investigator whose knowledge, skills, creative solutions or evidence- The IAS and its partners sponsor a number abstract demonstrates excellence in research that based policies and programmes to enhance the of scientific prizes and awards aimed at is likely to lead to improved services for children global response to AIDS. The Presidential Awards rewarding promising researchers who are doing affected by HIV and AIDS. are recognition awards, with no monetary value. ■ outstanding research on HIV and AIDS.

Women, Girls and HIV Investigator Prize

Tuesday, 20 July, 08:55, Session Room 1 Offi cial Journal of the International AIDS Society

The Women, Girls and HIV Investigator Prize is offered jointly by the IAS, the IAS-Industry www.aidsonline.com Liaison Forum and UNAIDS, and is supported by Access to crucial developments in the International Centre for Research on Women and the International Community of Women the fi eld of HIV and AIDS Living with HIV/AIDS. The US$2,000 prize is Go online now to: awarded to an investigator from a low- or • Read full-text of all articles—including abstracts, enhanced middle-income country whose abstract demon- HTML for easier onscreen reading, and PDF of the printed article strates excellence in research and/or practice • New mobile view—access the journal on your favorite mobile that addresses women, girls and gender issues internet device related to HIV and AIDS. This prize serves to • Read articles published ahead of print highlight the challenges faced by women and • E-TOC service—choose to be notifi ed via email whenever new girls in the epidemic and to encourage investi- content is added to the site gators from low- and middle-income countries • Search through back issues/articles to pursue research in this area. For more information on AIDS, please visit:

www.aidsonline.com JAIDR415 IAS Newsletter July 2010 Bridging the Divide: HIV and Health Systems 11

The Baylor College of Medicine-Abbott Fund Children’s Among the sessions and topics at the Clinical Centre of Excellence in Lilongwe, Malawi. meeting will be: Photo: © UNAIDS/G. Pirozzi • a forward-looking, high-level debate on HIV scale-up and global health: what are the challenges, competitions and synergies of working together? • new findings from implementation research • country case studies highlighting health systems strengthening interven- tions that work • leveraging the private sector for advanc- ing HIV outcomes and other priority health conditions • evidence on how to leverage the impact Bridging the Divide: chronic disease experts, so that we can of HIV programming to improve non- build strong partnerships,” said Dr. Wafaa targeted services Interdisciplinary El-Sadr, Director of ICAP and chair of the • effective use of HIV levers to strength- Partnerships for HIV and meeting’s steering committee. “The work en the health workforce we all do is driven by the common goals of • how to move forward with key out- Health Systems improving health outcomes in resource- comes and priority research. limited settings and in making substantial HIV and health systems imple- progress in our ability to translate HIV A special session at AIDS 2010 will high- menters and researchers gather scale-up into broader health systems light the key findings and outcomes and link improvements.” the detailed pre-conference discussions at AIDS 2010 pre-conference to the larger conference. Results from meeting to strengthen the ap- The pre-conference will be an oppor- the pre-conference meeting will also be plication of lessons learned in tunity to highlight the link between the disseminated through a summary report HIV scale-up to improve overall scale up towards universal access to HIV highlighting key outcomes and publica- services and health systems strengthening. tion of a review article in a peer-reviewed health systems performance. Researchers at Accelerating the Impact journal. of HIV Programming on Health Systems Bridging the Divide: Interdisciplinary Strengthening, held in advance of IAS 2009, Bridging the Divide was organized with Partnerships for HIV and Health Systems, presented evidence that health systems were guidance from the steering committee, is a two-day, invitation-only meeting for clearly in crisis at the start of HIV scale-up which includes leading experts from key 200 experts, researchers, practitioners with many health facilities dilapidated, hos- stakeholder organizations, including and implementers from the fields of HIV pitals and clinics overcrowded, pharmaceu- Columbia University, the Global Fund, and health systems aimed at building and tical supply systems barely functional, and the World Bank, WHO, UNAIDS, USAID/ developing new partnerships to strengthen the health workforce demoralized and often OGAC/CDC, Médecins sans Frontières, both health systems and HIV responses. overworked. The evidence further showed Institute of Tropical Medicine, University that in many resource-limited settings HIV of Cape Town, University of Pretoria, A follow-up to the IAS 2009 pre-confer- programmes have clearly contributed to Kenya Ministry of Health; African ence meeting on HIV programmes and overall health systems strengthening. Center for Global Health and Social health systems strengthening in Cape Those successes and the lessons learned Transformation (ACHEST-Uganda), and Town, this meeting is presented by the are critical to informing new investments the IAS. ■ IAS in collaboration with the International geared toward improving HIV outcomes, Center for AIDS Care and Treatment addressing other priority health conditions, Programs (ICAP) at Columbia University’s strengthening health systems perform- Mailman School of Public Health and The ance and advancing other health-related Health Systems Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis Millennium Development Goals. Strengthening at AIDS and Malaria (The Global Fund), with fund- ing from the Rockefeller Foundation. The objectives of Bridging the Divide are to: 2010 • foster interdisciplinary partnerships be- HIV programmes represent the first tween HIV experts, experts from other Bridging the Divide will comple- successful large-scale response to chronic health programmes, health economists, ment and expand the role of the diseases in resource-limited settings in and health systems experts International AIDS Conference in history, and the lessons learned are critical • present data and evidence from focusing attention on the evidence to broader health systems strengthening. implementation research, rigorous and advancing the science of HIV and Existing data on the interactions between evaluation and country case studies ad- broader health systems strengthen- HIV programmes and broader health sys- dressing vital questions on the impact ing. For the first time, a conference tems are scarce but growing. of HIV programming on health systems track – Track E: Economics, Operations • discuss options for the future with Research, Care and Health Systems “The critical next step is bridging the respect to leveraging HIV program- – will examine how HIV programmes divide between HIV researchers and ming to improve health systems and affect non-HIV outcomes, global health implementers and our colleagues who are other priority health conditions indicators, health systems functioning experts in other sectors, including health • identify strategies to further an interdis- and financing, as well as economic economists, health system and health ciplinary research agenda on HIV and growth and human development. workforce researchers, as well as other health systems. 12 Universal Access Now Update IAS Newsletter July 2010

Universal Access Now Will We End the HIV Epidemic? Universal Access by 2010: Update: Global Fund The Impact of HIV Treatment on HIV Prevention and Scaling Up for Success Implications for the 2010 Replenishment of the Global Policy Paper Replenishment and Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria Activities at AIDS 2010

Events are moving swiftly in this defining year for global health

Photo: UNAIDS/A.Gutman March 2010 and development goals. The first Photo: UNAIDS/A.Gutman March 2010 meeting of the Third Voluntary Replenishment of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and The IAS released two policy papers as a part of the Universal Access Now campaign, available at Malaria was held 24–25 March in www.iasociety.org, and launched a blog (http://blog.iasociety.org/ )dedicated to the campaign. The Hague.

The meeting ended on a generally positive Round 10 of funding with no cap – which had have already achieved substantial impact note, with the donor community and other been feared – but funding for this round will on MDGs 4 and 5, as well as 6, but the fu- constituencies recognizing the remarkable be completely dependent on new pledges ture direction of the Global Fund, whether achievements of the Global Fund as an received in 2011 through the replenishment and how it works across all health MDGs effective aid instrument that has demon- process, as the Global Fund will have no remains a live discussion. strated substantive progress on a range of uncommitted assets by the end of 2011. The health outcomes. However, there were also deadline to submit proposals for Round 10 With the summits and May World Health signals from some donors concerned that is 20 August. Assembly passed, efforts will look forward the Global Fund’s financing scenarios for to the MDG Summit in September and the the 2011–2013 grant cycle – prepared for the The struggle to balance the tension be- Global Fund pledging meeting in October. replenishment process and which included tween the anticipated funding supply with Building towards these critical meetings, possible three scenarios of US$13, $17 and the anticipated demand from countries was attention will focus on a number of activities $20 billion dollars – were too ambitious in reflected in negotiations among Board dele- at the XVIII International AIDS Conference the current fiscal climate. gates and their constituencies. Fortunately, (AIDS 2010) focused on various aspects of the Board reached a consensus on the pa- universal access. They include: “The replenishment process is a crucial rameters for prioritization of eligible Round opportunity for donor nations to act on their 10 proposals. This included establishing a • a series of AIDS 2010 plenary, abstract, commitment to universal access,” said Julio one-off innovative reserve fund of US$75 non-abstract driven sessions and satel- Montaner, IAS President and Director of the million to support programmes for most lites on universal access and the Global BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS in at-risk populations aimed at addressing Fund (see the Programme-at-a-Glance Vancouver, British Columbia. “The Global demand from countries with concentrated for a roadmap on universal access) Fund has demonstrated its success quite epidemics – these countries risked becom- • publication of a post-conference AIDS clearly and laid out a sound rationale for a ing a low priority for Global Fund resources 2010 report on universal access to $20 billion commitment that donors should due to their overall income status. help inform the September 2010 MDG be eager to support.” Review Meeting in New York • incorporating research data and other The replenishment process provides evidence from AIDS 2010 to inform the donors the opportunity to exchange “The replenishment process is IAS’s Universal Access Now campaign views on the Global Fund’s performance, activities consider its funding needs and determine a crucial opportunity for donor • leveraging the substantial media their contributions for the next three years. nations to act on their commit- presence at AIDS 2010 to disseminate Formal pledges from donors for the cur- ment to universal access.” messages on the evidence demonstrat- rent replenishment are not expected until ing how HIV investments are having the October pledging meeting in New a remarkable impact in progress on York City, but some are already signaling a variety of health and development their likely contributions, and it is unclear goals. if substantial increases are likely from all donors. At the Global Fund’s April Board It was clear from discussion in and around The IAS’s Universal Access Now cam- meeting there was good news from Japan, the Board meeting that many stakehold- paign continues to attract positive attention. which announced that it would increase its ers were looking to the June G8 and G20 The IAS encourages members, confer- contribution by 27%, contributing US$247 Summits in Canada for strong signals re- ence delegates and other allies to review million to the replenishment, despite con- garding increased financial commitments the resources and research papers on the siderable domestic fiscal challenges in the to the Global Fund and to scaling up financ- campaign website (www.iasociety.org), write wake of the global recession. ing for AIDS to meet the international com- to political leaders as part of our e-advocacy munity’s commitment to universal access letter-writing campaign, share these links The global fiscal context underscored and Millennium Development Goal (MDG) with colleagues and friends, and post your the challenges and sometimes differing 6 (AIDS, TB and malaria), as well as MDG thoughts about the campaign on the IAS strategic approaches about how best to 4 (improving child health) and MDG 5 Stronger Together blog. ■ manage them during the Board meeting. (improving maternal health). The Global The Board ultimately agreed to launch Fund has demonstrated that its investments IAS Newsletter July 2010 Introducing the New IAS Officers 13

Photo: © Chris Smith, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Photo: © Institut Pasteur

Introducing the IAS’s New Katabira is the author of more than 200 the Institut Pasteur International Network published scientific articles and abstracts. and the coordination of the Agence President and President- Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Elect, and Continuing In June 2000 Dr. Katabira was elected a Hépatites Virales research programmes member of IAS Governing Council in in Cambodia and Vietnam, reflecting her Treasurer: 2010–2012 the African Region. Since then he has strong commitment to building capacity, actively participated in many IAS activi- training and technology transfers on site President: Elly Katabira ties including co-chair of the IAS-Industry in Africa and Asia. Prof. Barré-Sinoussi Dr. Elly Tebasoboke Katabira, MBChB, Liaison Forum (IAS-ILF) and Co-Editor is author and co-author of 249 original FRCP Edin., is Professor of Medicine and of the Journal of the International AIDS publications and more than 120 articles former Deputy Dean for Research, Faculty of Society (JIAS). He was elected President- in book reviews. She has been invited as Medicine at Makerere University, Kampala, Elect in December 2007, to take office as a speaker to more than 300 international Uganda. He was trained as a medical doctor President in July 2010. meetings and conferences. at Makerere University and later trained as a physician and specialized in Neurology President-Elect: She has been and remains a member of a (Manchester, UK; 1984). Since his return to Françoise Barré-Sinoussi number of scientific committees in France Uganda in 1985, he has worked extensively Professor Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, PhD, is and elsewhere, including the scientific in the field of care and support for people liv- the Director of the Regulation of Retroviral committees of several International AIDS ing with HIV. He is the Clinical Advisor at the Infections Unit at the Institut Pasteur in Conferences. She has received more than AIDS Clinic in Mulago Hospital and at the Paris. She has been involved in retrovirol- 10 national or international awards, includ- Infectious Diseases Institute of Makerere ogy research since the early 1970s. She is ing the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2008 University College of Health Sciences. In recognized for her contributions to HIV together with Professor Luc Montagnier for 1990, he was recognized as a World AIDS and AIDS research, in particular as the her contributions to HIV and AIDS. She has Foundation International Scholar. first author of the publication that reported also been awarded Doctor Honoris Causa of in 1983 the discovery of a retrovirus, later a number of universities. In February 2009, Dr. Katabira’s strength is in the de- named HIV, in a patient at risk for AIDS. In she was elected a member of the French velopment of treatment and management 1988, she became responsible for her own Academy of Science. guidelines for HIV and AIDS, and he has laboratory at the Institut Pasteur and initi- written several publications and chapters in ated research programmes on viral and host In June 2006, Prof. Barré-Sinoussi was various books on this topic. His research in- determinants of HIV/AIDS pathogenesis. elected as an IAS Governing Council terests include clinical trials and operational member in the European Region and in research issues on various aspects of HIV Between 1988 and 1998, she was also November 2009 she was confirmed as the and AIDS care and support, both within in- involved in collaborative programmes on next President-Elect of the IAS, to take of- stitutions and in the community. He has also HIV vaccine research, using primate mod- fice in July 2010. undertaken several consultancies on HIV els. Today, the research programmes of her and AIDS care and support for UNAIDS team are focused on mechanisms required Treasurer: Alan Whiteside and WHO, both for the headquarters in to induce protection against HIV/SIV infec- Professor Alan Whiteside, D Econ, of the Geneva and for the African Regional Office, tion and/or against HIV/SIV infection and/ University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban, as well as for Family Health International. or against AIDS in human and non-human South Africa, where he is the Director of He is also co-founder of The AIDS Support primates. Along with her research activities, the Health and Economics and HIV/AIDS Organization (TASO) and has served as Prof. Barré-Sinoussi has been involved in Research Division (HEARD), will continue their Medical Advisor since 1987. He is a promoting integration between HIV and as IAS Treasurer for a second two-year founding member of the Academic Alliance AIDS research and actions in resource- term. ■ of AIDS Care and Prevention in Africa. Dr. limited countries, in particular through 14 The IAS Talks with Michel Kazatchkine IAS Newsletter July 2010

transmission of HIV from mother to child. Q: How can the IAS be most success- We can do this, and we must do this, both ful in building support for evidence- for public health and human rights.” based interventions in Eastern Europe and Central Asia? Q: Dr. Kazatchkine, how do you On issues like harm reduction, the sci- see your role as an IAS Governing ence is clear. The IAS should continue to Council member in Europe? reach out to its members in the region and The IAS has recently expanded its activities. make sure they have the information they Indeed, for a long time, many used to see need and are supported in their efforts the IAS primarily as the organizer of the to advocate for evidence-based interven- International AIDS Conference and other tions. conferences. But today this is quite differ- ent. With its campaign for universal access, Q: How does your role on the IAS its advocacy against travel restrictions Governing Council complement your and, more broadly, for the human rights of leadership of the Global Fund? people living with and affected by HIV, its ef- It has been a privilege to serve both as Photo: © International AIDS Society/ Simon Deiner/SDR Photo forts to promote harm reduction in Eastern Executive Director of the Global Fund Europe, and other recent initiatives, the IAS and as an IAS Governing Council member has become a more vocal and active player for the past several years, participating The IAS Talks With in the fight against AIDS. As a Governing in discussion and debate with scientific, Council member, I support these changes, political and community leaders that have Michel Kazatchkine, which really help us to move from evidence helped shape the global response to AIDS. IAS Governing Council to action. Research and programmatic evidence from IAS conferences have informed the content Member in Europe Q: Which of the IAS policy and advo- and delivery of HIV prevention, care and cacy priorities are most relevant for treatment programmes for more than 20 Dr. Michel D. Kazatchkine has your region and in Eastern Europe years. In 2010, more than ever before, ev- spent the past 25 years fighting specifically? eryone engaged in the fight against AIDS Of course, all of the priorities are relevant in needs to work together closely, with a joint AIDS as a leading physician, the region. But one issue that is very close to purpose and joint advocacy messages – and researcher, administrator, advo- my heart is to ensure greater access to harm the Global Fund and the IAS are already cate, policy maker and diplomat. reduction interventions for people who use doing this. drugs in Eastern Europe. We know from a Dr. Kazatchkine attended medical large number of scientific studies that harm We both understand that 2010 will be school at Necker-Enfants-Malades in Paris, reduction works. In fact, needle and syringe decisive. The world will review progress studied immunology at the Pasteur Institute programmes, opioid substitution therapy on the Millennium Development Goals at a and completed post-doctoral fellowships at (OST) and the other harm reduction in- summit at the United Nations in September, St. Mary’s Hospital in London and Harvard terventions that are part of the so-called two months after the International AIDS Medical School. He was Professor of “comprehensive harm reduction package” Conference. But 2010 is also the year of Immunology at Université René Descartes are absolutely essential in Eastern Europe the Third Voluntary Replenishment of the and Head of the Immunology Unit of the where the HIV epidemic is largely concen- Global Fund. The outcome will determine Georges Pompidou Hospital in Paris. In trated among people who inject drugs and where the world will be with respect to addition to his teaching and research activi- their sexual partners. Nevertheless, some AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria and the ties, Dr. Kazatchkine has played key roles in countries in the region still oppose OST or health-related Millennium Development many organizations, including Director of fail to adequately scale up harm reduction Goals in 2015. It will determine whether the National Agency for Research on AIDS interventions. In prisons and pre-trial de- we will win the fight – or whether we will in France and French Ambassador on HIV/ tention centres, the situation is often even waver in our commitment and let the prog- AIDS and communicable diseases. worse – despite evidence of injecting drug ress falter, allowing AIDS, tuberculosis and use in these settings, most prisoners and malaria to gain force again. With the launch Dr. Kazatchkine was elected Executive pre-trial detainees in the region have no of its advocacy campaign, Universal Access Director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, access to evidence-based HIV prevention. Now, the IAS has added an important voice Tuberculosis and Malaria in February to replenishment discussions and is making 2007 and took office in April 2007. While Q: What can the IAS do to better powerful arguments that should resonate recognizing the enormous challenges of work with the regions? with political leaders and policymakers tackling HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and ma- The IAS has already done a lot in recent worldwide. laria globally, Dr. Kazatchkine believes that years to increase its presence in Eastern the progress made in recent years – par- Europe, by organizing conferences and Q: Why would you advise someone ticularly through programmes supported meetings in the region and increasing to become a member of the IAS? by the Global Fund – presents enormous outreach to the region. Language remains There are many good reasons for becom- opportunities: “Malaria may be eliminated a major barrier and it would be important ing a member, starting from the invaluable as a public health problem in most malaria to increase the number of IAS publications information regularly made available to endemic countries and indeed we can hope available in Russian. At the International members. I invite everyone engaged in for a world without malaria deaths by 2015. AIDS Conference in Vienna, a number of the fight against AIDS to join this global Millions more HIV infections may be pre- great opportunities to engage activists and movement and to play an active role in vented and lives otherwise lost to AIDS leaders from the region may be lost in the realizing the IAS’s vision: “to end the HIV saved, and the growing threat of multi- absence of simultaneous interpretation of epidemic, applying scientific evidence and drug resistant TB may be contained. And I all sessions unless we find creative ways best practice at every level of the HIV strongly believe we can virtually eliminate to allow people to understand each other. response”. ■ IAS Newsletter July 2010 Regional Conferences Update 15

Report from the 5th IAS Activities Tenth International Congress on The Journal of the International AIDS Society Drug Therapy in HIV Infection Francophone Conference (JIAS) presented “Publish or Perish”, an 7 – 1 1 N O VEMBER interactive workshop on the importance of on HIV/AIDS accurate and ethical scientific writing.JIAS The 5th Francophone Conference on Editor-in-Chief Dr. Papa Salif Sow facilitated HIV/AIDS, held from 28–31 March in the workshop. Casablanca, Morocco, gathered over 1,500 participants representing more than 50 na- The workshop’s objective was to pro- GLASGO W, U K tionalities under the theme Strengthen the vide a set of guidelines to help attendees Resources. enhance and strengthen their knowledge Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection (HIV10) and scientific writing skills. Dr. Sow The conference, held for the first time highlighted the importance and impact of 7–11 November 2010 on the African continent, emphasized accurate and evidence-based scientific ab- Glasgow, UK the significant importance of a continued stracts. Questions about resources, ethics, Bringing together HIV-treating physicians, exchange and collaboration between the plagiarism and the review process were at healthcare professionals and community North and the South and the involvement the heart of the interaction with the more workers, the congress aims to provide a relevant of Francophone players to ensure an effec- than 50 delegates who attended. and topical scientific programme reflecting tive response to the epidemic. Participants recent progress in therapeutic strategies and called for continued political and financial The IAS was present at the booth of the research affecting the management of HIV commitments to universal access, while the Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le infection. Although progress is continually being made in HIV drug treatment, significant rights and needs of vulnerable populations Sida et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS) to pro- challenges still remain, and, as at previous – prisoners, sex workers and men who have mote and answer questions about the XVIII meetings, issues such as paediatric infection, sex with men – were also a key area of focus. International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2010) vertical transmission and treatment in resource- and IAS initiatives and activities, as well as poor settings will be highlighted. The Francophone Alliance of Healthcare provide IAS membership information. Professionals against HIV (AFRAVIH) For more information, visit www.hiv10.com. organized the conference under the lead- ership of Hakima Himmich, President of Regional Conferences United States the 5th Francophone Conference on HIV/ 2nd International Scientific Symposium AIDS and the Morocco’s Association de Conference on AIDS (USCA) on Anti Retroviral Drug Resistance in Lutte Contre le SIDA. The conference is Africa: Scaling-up HIV Treatment in Africa: an important forum for combining scientific 12–15 September 2010 Challenges, Prospects and Outcomes Orlando, Florida evidence and community perspectives, and 24–26 November 2010 organizers received 1,800 abstract submis- USCA is the largest Accra, Ghana sions from 40 countries. AIDS-related gathering The symposium will offer an exciting scientific in the U.S., bringing programme, including skills building workshops, HIV in the Host Country of Morocco together over 2,700 plenary sessions and abstract-driven parallel workers from all fronts With less than 0.1% of the population in- sessions presenting innovative research findings of the AIDS response – from case managers fected with HIV, Morocco is considered a on antiretroviral drug resistance in Africa. The and physicians to public health workers and low-prevalence country. The populations Society for AIDS in Africa is organizing the advocates, people living with HIV and policy most vulnerable to HIV are sex workers, symposium. makers – to build national support networks, men who have sex with men and people exchange the latest information and learn For more information, visit www.saafrica.org. ■ who inject drugs. It is estimated that 2.1% cutting-edge tools to address the challenges of of female sex workers, 4% of men who have HIV and AIDS. sex with men and 6.5% people who inject drugs are infected with HIV. For more information, visit www.2010usca.org.

Editors-in-Chief: Susan Kippax, PhD Currently on JIAS: (Australia), Papa Salif Sow. MD, MSc (Senegal), Mark Wainberg, PhD (Canada) Executive Supplement: Family-centred services for children affected by HIV and AIDS Editor: Shirin Heidari, PhD (Switzerland) The HIV epidemic continues to place a great burden on children, and the importance that treatment and care for children are integrated into the broader context of family-support schemes is becoming increasingly recognized. In this supplement, JIAS has brought together a wide range of articles by leading researchers in the field discussing the rationale for family-centred services and some of the available evidence for the effectiveness of doing so.

Linking sexual & reproductive health and HIV interventions: A systematic review Caitlin E Kennedy, Alicen B Spaulding, Deborah Bain Brickley, Lucy Almers, Joy Mirjahangir, Laura Packel, Gail E Kennedy, Michael Mbizvo, Lynn Collins and Kevin Osborne

Is there an association between PEPFAR funding and improvement in national health indicators in Africa? a retrospective study Herbert C Duber, Thomas J Coates, Amy H Kaji, Greg Szekeres and Roger J Lewis www.jiasociety.org Kindlimuka is the first association set up by people living with HIV in Mozambique. Photo: © UNAIDS/A. Gutman

In this Edition: Towards A Cure: IAS Pre-Conference Workshop l Freedom and Equality in Africa l AIDS 2010 Highlights l The Vienna Declaration l IAS Activities at AIDS 2010 l Bridging the Divide: HIV and Health Systems l Universal Access Now Update l Meet the New IAS Officers l The IAS Talks with Governing Council Member Michel Kazatchkine l Regional Conferences Update

Measuring the Long-term Impact of the International AIDS Conference

In January 2010, the International AIDS majority of surveyed delegates reported Society surveyed approximately 1,200 del- having remained in contact with at least Examples of Influences egates from the XVII International AIDS one person they met at AIDS 2008 (75%), Conference (AIDS 2008) to measure the mainly to exchange knowledge, lessons Reported at Country conference’s long-term impact on their learned and/or suggested solutions (86%). work and their perception of its impact on For the vast majority of surveyed delegates Level larger responses to HIV. (86%), AIDS 2008 was also an important op- • “During the conference, there was a portunity to strengthen collaboration and lot of discussion on the side effects About two-thirds of surveyed delegates networking with existing partners. of D4T with many people advocating reported having learned something new its withdrawal from the regimen. In and that they changed some aspects of their The survey results demonstrated that Uganda now, D4T has been with- work practice as a result of the knowledge AIDS 2008 had a clear impact on delegates’ drawn and substituted with AZT.” gained at the conference. work and on their organizations, and that (Uganda) the conference influence has extended far • “Some policies have been changed The conference has also had measure- beyond those who attended as the result following the AIDS Conference, able impact at the national level, with almost of networking, collaboration, knowledge such as PMTCT, Strengthening Key 40% of surveyed delegates reporting that sharing and advocacy at all levels. Far more Populations, etc.” (Indonesia) they have observed the influence of AIDS than a five-day event, the International AIDS • “The conference helped to reduce 2008 on HIV work, policies or advocacy in Conference is a key forum for those work- the antiretroviral prices in Mexico.” their countries. ing in HIV and AIDS, reaching thousands (Mexico) of delegates and non-attendees and accel- • “The lifting of the U.S. immigration The networking opportunities offered erating the national, regional and global ban was fostered by the publicity and at AIDS 2008 appear to have significantly responses to HIV. awareness raised at the conference.” enhanced the conference’s impact. The (USA)

The IAS invites you to visit our website at www.iasociety.org or get in touch with us at: International AIDS Society HQ | P.O. Box 28, CH - 1216 Cointrin, Geneva,

Switzerland | Phone: +41-(0)22-7100 800 | Fax: +41-(0)22-7100 899 | Our email address is [email protected] | We are looking forward to hearing from you. www.sandstromdesign.se design: is 978-92-95069-13-8 | Newsletter July newsletter ISBN number for