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INCORPORATION OF SPEED/TRAVEL-TIME DATA SETS IN TRAFFIC PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS Hazem Refai, Ph.D. Samir Ahmed, Ph.D. Naim Bitar Mohanad Kaleia Nika Mostahinic Tamer Alamiri Varun Gupta SPTC15.2-08-F Southern Plains Transportation Center 201 Stephenson Parkway, Suite 4200 The University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma 73019 DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. ii TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. REPORT NO. 2. GOVERNMENT ACCESSION 3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NO. NO. STPC 15.2 -08 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. REPORT DATE Incorporation of Speed/Travel-Time Data Sets in September 2019 Traffic Performance Analysis 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE 7. AUTHOR(S) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT Hazem Refai, Ph.D. The University of Oklahoma Samir Ahmed, Ph.D. 202 W. Boyd St., Room 104 Naim Bitar, Graduate Student Norman, OK. 73019-0631 Mohanad Kaleia, Graduate Student Nika Mostahinic, Graduate Student Tamer Alamiri, Graduate Student Varun Gupta, Graduate Student 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. WORK UNIT NO. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma 11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. SPTC 15.2-08 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED Oklahoma Department of Transportation Final Report Office of Research and Implementation Jan 2016 - Jan 2019 200 N.E. 21st Street, Room 3A7 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE Oklahoma City, OK 73105 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Click here to enter text. 16. ABSTRACT An accurate Travel Time (TT) information is essential for traffic prediction and analysis. Correct TT measurements can be used to reduce congestions, improve safety and enhance traffic flow. The work detailed in this paper reports on the development and implementation of an inexpensive Bluetooth traffic monitoring system for reliable and real-time TT measurements. The Bluetooth system proved instant and accurate TT measurements 99.9% of the time. Furthermore, algorithms used for collecting traffic information from various ODOT platforms were fully developed, integrated, and evaluated. National Performance Management Research Dataset (NPRMDS) was chosen for developing TT models, and for identifying TT outliers and anomalies. Since incidents on highways increase TT, artificial neural network (ANN) model was designed for incident classification based on many features, such as vehicle count, weather condition and traffic flow. The ANN model reported accuracy of 91%. Moreover, a Bayesian model for detecting non-recurrent congestions was developed and evaluated. 17. KEY WORDS 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Travel Time (TT), Travel Time No restrictions. This publication is available from the Reliability (TTR), Bluetooth Traffic Office of Research and Implementation, Oklahoma DOT. Monitoring System, Bayesian Model 19. SECURITY CLASSIF. (OF THIS 20. SECURITY CLASSIF. (OF THIS 21. NO. OF PAGES 22. PRICE REPORT) PAGE) Unclassified Unclassified 175 N/A iii SI* (MODERN METRIC) CONVERSION FACTORS APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS SYMBOL WHEN YOU KNOW MULTIPLY BY TO FIND SYMBOL LENGTH in inches 25.4 millimeters mm ft feet 0.305 meters m yd yards 0.914 meters m mi miles 1.61 kilometers km 2 AREA 2 in square inches 645.2 square millimeters mm 2 ft square feet 0.093 square meters 2 2 m yd square yard 0.836 square meters m2 ac acres 0.405 hectares ha 2 2 mi square miles 2.59 square kilometers km VOLUME fl fluid ounces 29.57 milliliters mL oz gallons 3.785 liters L gal cubic feet 0.028 cubic meters 3 3 m ft cubic yards 0.765 cubic m3 MASS oz ounces 28.35 grams g lb pounds 0.454 kilograms kg T short tons (2000 lb) 0.907 megagrams (or "metric ton") Mg (or "t") TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) oF Fahrenheit 5 (F-32)/9 oC Celsius or (F 32)/1 8 ILLUMINATION fc foot-candles 10.76 lux lx 2 2 fl foot-Lamberts 3.426 candela/m cd/m FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS lbf poundforce 4.45 newtons N 2 lbf/in poundforce per square inch 6.89 kilopascals kPa APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS SYMBOL WHEN YOU KNOW MULTIPLY BY TO FIND SYMBOL LENGTH mm millimeters 0.039 inches in m meters 3.28 feet ft m meters 1.09 yards yd km kilometers 0.621 miles mi 2 AREA 2 mm square millimeters 0.0016 square inches in 2 2 square meters 10.764 square feet ft m 2 m2 square meters 1.195 square yards yd ha hectares 2.47 acres ac 2 2 km square kilometers 0.386 square miles mi VOLUME mL milliliters 0.034 fluid ounces fl oz L liters 0.264 gallons gal 3 3 cubic meters 35.314 cubic feet ft m 3 m3 cubic meters 1.307 cubic yards yd MASS g grams 0.035 ounces oz kg kilograms 2.202 pounds lb Mg (or "t") megagrams (or "metric ton") 1.103 short tons (2000 lb) T TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) oC Celsius 1.8C+32 Fahrenheit oF ILLUMINATION lx lux 0.0929 foot-candles fc 2 2 cd/m candela/m 0.2919 foot-Lamberts fl FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS N newtons 0.225 poundforce lbf 2 kPa kilopascals 0.145 poundforce per square h lbf/in *SI is the symbol for the International System of Units. Appropriate rounding should be made to comply with Section 4 of ASTM E380.(Revised March 2003) iv Acknowledgements PI Dr. Refai and his research team recognize the Southern Plains Transportation Center (SPTC) and the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) for providing funding to support the research activities of this project. Additionally, ODOT personnel are highly acknowledged for support in coordinating highway deployments, testing developed system, and engaging in insightful discussions throughout this project. v INCORPORATION OF SPEED/TRAVEL-TIME DATA SETS IN TRAFFIC PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FINAL REPORT ~ SPTC 15.2-08 Submitted by: Hazem Refaia, Ph.D. Samir Ahmedb, Ph.D. Naim Bitara, Graduate Student Mohanad Kaleiaa, Graduate Student Nika Mostahinica, Graduate Student Tamer Alamiria, Graduate Student Varun Guptaa, Graduate Student School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) aThe University of Oklahoma bOklahoma State University Southern Plains Transportation Center 201 Stephenson Parkway, Suite 4200 The University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma 73019 September 2019 vi Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ........................................................................................................... vii List of Tables .................................................................................................................. xii List of Figures ................................................................................................................ xiii Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... xx 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Field Measurement Techniques ...................................................................... 3 1.3 Travel Time Reliability ..................................................................................... 5 1.4 Travel Time Reliability and Congestion ........................................................... 7 1.5 Legislative and Regulatory Requirements ..................................................... 11 1.6 Travel Time Reliability Metrics ...................................................................... 13 1.7 Travel Time Reliability Monitoring System (TTRMS) ..................................... 19 1.8 Research Motivation ..................................................................................... 23 1.9 Report Structure ............................................................................................ 23 2. Bluetooth-Station Deployment ................................................................................ 25 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 25 2.2 Removing Unwanted Duplicate LAPs ........................................................... 25 2.3 Real-time Communication System ................................................................ 27 2.4 Websocket Message Types .......................................................................... 27 2.5 Back-end Processing and Storage (Server Side) .......................................... 27 2.6 Deployments and Analysis Results ............................................................... 30 2.6.1 Four Bluetooth Stations Deployed in Oklahoma City ............................... 30 2.6.2 Three Bluetooth Stations Deployed in Tulsa, OK ..................................... 30 vii 3. Integration of Bluetooth Travel Time Measurements into ODOT Travel Time System ................................................................................................................................ 33 3.1 Removing Unwanted Duplicated MACs ........................................................ 33 3.2 Vehicle Reidentification ................................................................................. 34 3.3 Travel Time Estimation.................................................................................

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