The Fruits of Oligar
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University Micrcxilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1326420 ZEA, PHILIP MARTIN THE FRUITS OF OLIGARCHY: PATRONAGE AND JOINERY IN WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS, 1630-1730 University of Delaware (Winterthur Program) M.A. 1984 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright i984 by ZEA, PHILIP MARTIN All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. 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Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE FRUITS OF OLIGARCHY: PATRONAGE AND. JOINERY IN WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS, 1630-1730 By PHILIP MARTIN ZEA A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of. the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Early American Culture June, 1984 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Copyright 1984 Philip Zea All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE FRUITS OF OLIGARCHY: PATRONAGE AND JOINERY IN WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS, 1630-1730 By PHILIP MARTIN ZEA Approved %Sfa>t ^/iu> ----- --------- Robert Blair St. George, Ph.D. Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved O r U __________________ Stephanie G. Wolf7Ph\D^ Coordinator, Winterthur Program in Early American Culture Approved R.B. Murray, Ph.D. • University Coordinator for Graduate Studies Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. IN MEMORY OF MY MATERNAL GRANDPARENTS DR. EDMUND OTIS HOVEY AND DELL ROGERS HOVEY WHOSE CAREERS IN MUSEUM WORK SHAPED MY EDUCATION iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My Winterthur thesis was begun in 1979 under the tutelage of Benno Forman. His death in 1982 marked the loss of a demanding teacher whose insistence on excellence and on seeing, rather than looking, shaped the perception of interested students for over a decade. I am grateful for his advice on the initial draft of my thesis. Hopefully, a trace of his sense of history and connoisseurship is perceptible in the following pages. Selfishly, I regret the loss of his comments on the final draft of my work. The completion of my writing is due to the encouragement and commentary of Stephanie Wolf, Coordinator of the Winterthur Program, and of Robert Blair St. George, Teaching Associate, who offered to advise my work after his appointment at the Winterthur Museum. His criticism has been valuable. Several people assisted me during the research and preparation of my thesis; in fact, there are more contributors than there are "Hadley" chests to ponder. I cannot acknowledge everyone individually within the context of the current presentation. However, I would like to recognize the encouragement of Donald R. Friary and my colleagues at Historic Deerfield and the help of staff members at the Pocumtuck Valley Memorial- Association in Deerfield, the Porter-Phelps-Huntington House in Hadley, the Hadley Historical Society, the Hatfield Historical Society, and the Connecticut Valley Historical Museum in Springfield. iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE. OF CONTENTS Page APPROVAL PAGE........... ii DEDICATION............ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......... iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS............. vi LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS..............................viii ABSTRACT..... ............. ix CHAPTER I DEFINING THE CULTURE OF RURAL NEW ENGLAND 1 II "AN ERRAND TO THE WILDERNESS"................ 6 III THE COVENANTS WITH LEADERSHIP AND FAMILY 24 IV LEADERSHIP, FAMILY, AND DESIGN............... 48 V THE JOINERY............ 62 VI A CATALOGUE OF HAMPSHIRE COUNTY JOINERY...... 78 VII BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................. 141 V Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page 1. Map of Present-day Western Massachusetts.......... 8 2. Dudley Woodbridge, Sketch of Deerfield, 1728...... 19 3. Box, Springfield Area, circa 1700................. 51 4. • Joined. Chest with Two Drawers, "N^M/1700", Springfield Area................................... 52 5. Joined Chest with Drawer, "WA", Northern Hampshire County, circa 1700................................. 64 6. Underside of Joined Chest with Drawer, "WA", Northern Hampshire County, circa 1700 ............. 65 7. Back of Joined Chest with Drawer, "RA", Hatfield or Springfield Areas, circa .1700 .................. 66 8. Detail of Bottom Boards of Joined Chest with Drawer, "AA", Probably Hatfield Area, 1685-1710... 67 9. Drawers of Joined Chest with Three Drawers, "SH", Northern Hampshire County, 1700-1720.............. 68 10. Drawer Support of Joined Chest with Drawer, "WA", Northern Hampshire County, circa 1700 ............. 69 11. Two Panels of Chest with Drawer, "RA", Hatfield or Springfield Areas, circa 1700 .................. 70 12. Side of Chest with Drawer, "RA", Hatfield or Springfield Areas, circa 1700 ..................... 71 13. Interior of Side Panel of Chest with Drawer, "RA", Hatfield or Springfield Areas, circa 1700 ....... 72 14. Detail of Right Post of Chest with Drawer, "RA", Hatfield or Springfield Areas, circa 1700 ........ 73 15. Joined Chest with Drawer, "PK/1699, Springfield Area.................... 81 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Page 16. Joined Chest with Two Drawers, "AA" , Probably Hatfield Area, 1685-1710 .. 87 17. Joined Chest with Two Drawers, "MS", Probably Hadley Area, 1710-1725......................... 91 18. Joined Chest with Drawer, "PW", Possibly Springfield Area, circa 1700 ................. 94 19. Joined Chest with Drawer, "RA", Hatfield or Springfield Areas, circa 1700..................... 98 20. Joined Chest with Two Drawers,