DOCSLIB.ORG

A Policy Review of the Tourist Guiding Sector in South Africa in Its Broadest Sense

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Policy Review of the Tourist Guiding Sector in South Africa in Its Broadest Sense A POLICY REVIEW OF THE TOURIST GUIDING SECTOR IN SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF HERITAGE AND HISTORICAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA 2017 – 2018 Table of Contents Page no. List of Tables ii List of Figures iii List of Definitions and Key Concepts iv List of Acronyms and Abbreviations viii SECTION 1: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT OF THE STUDY 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Background and context of the study 2 1.3 Rationale of the study 2 1.4 Problem statement 3 1.5 Purpose of the study 3 1.6 Research questions 3 1.7 Objectives of the study 5 SECTION 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2.1 Literature survey 6 2.2 Data collection 6 2.3 Data analysis 7 2.4 Ethical aspects 7 SECTION 3: THEORY AND LITERATURE OVERVIEW 3.1 Theoretical background 8 3.2 Literature review 13 SECTION 4: INTERNATIONAL TOURIST GUIDING ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Introduction 40 4.2 Defining the tourist guide 40 4.3 Roles and responsibilities of the tourist guide 42 4.4 The international tourist guiding training environment 48 4.5 International tourist guiding legislation 57 4.6 Conclusion 65 SECTION 5: THE SOUTH AFRICAN TOURIST GUIDE 5.1 Introduction 66 5.2 Historical background of tourism and tourist guides in South Africa 67 5.3 The South African tourist guide 75 5.4 Conclusion 86 SECTION 6: TOURIST GUIDING LEGISLATION OF SOUTH AFRICA 6.1 Introduction 87 6.2 Current legislation (Tourism Act 3 of 2014) 99 6.3 Conclusion 106 SECTION 7: TOURIST GUIDING AUTHORITIES OF SOUTH AFRICA 7.1 Introduction 107 7.2 National Qualifications Framework 108 7.3 South African Qualifications Authority 109 7.4 Quality Councils 126 7.5 Skills Development Act 97 of 1998 129 7.6 Sector Education and Training Authority’s 130 7.7 FGASA and Drum Beat 132 7.8 Conclusion 134 SECTION 8: TOURIST GUIDING ASSOCIATIONS OF SOUTH AFRICA 8.1 Introduction 137 8.2 Overview of tourist guiding associations 138 8.3 International best practice tourist guiding associations 140 8.4 Tourist guiding associations of South Africa 159 8.5 Conclusion 174 SECTION 9: PROFESSIONALISATION OF THE TOURISM SECTOR 9.1 Introduction 175 9.2 History of professionalisation in the tourism industry 175 9.3 Professionalisation of tourist guiding 184 9.4 Conclusion 191 SECTION 10: CONCLUSION – A REVIEW OF THE TOURIST GUIDING POLICIES IN SOUTH AFRICA 10.1 Introduction 192 10.2 Legislative and regulatory policy recommendations 194 10.3 Practical suggestions and recommendations 202 BIBLIOGRAPHY 207 ANNEXURES Annexure 1: Tourist guide registration process (South Africa) 230 Annexure 2: Letter of introduction and informed consent 233 Annexure 3: Postgraduate Research and Ethics Committee approval 235 Annexure 4: Pre-workshop questionnaire (Kimberley) 237 Annexure 5: Workshop questionnaire (Kimberley) 241 Annexure 6: Adventure tourism questionnaire (Grabouw) 244 Annexure 7: Site guide fieldwork questionnaire 248 Annexure 8: Comparative analysis of tourism acts (1978 – 2014) 252 Annexure 9: Comparative analysis of tourism regulations (1981 – 2016) 287 List of Tables Table Title Page number 1 Preliminary analytical table of South Africa 11 2 Adapted chronological summary of the roles of the tourist guide 44 3 Hierarchy of outcomes of a training course 52 4 The tourism policy cycle 60 5 Tourism policy development in South Africa 87 6 Example of unit standards – Tourist guiding (NQF 4) 113 7 Member states to the WFTGA 145 8 Proposed national tourist guiding association 163 9 KZNTGA qualifications of membership 172 10 MTGA’s membership tiers 174 11 Focus areas of professionalisation in South Africa 187 ii List of Figures Figure Description Page number 1 A model for sustainable tourist guide training 56 2 Phases of international tourism policy development 61 3 The South African tourist guiding environment 66 4 Levels of tourist guiding in South Africa 77 5 Reporting structures for training and qualifications bodies 136 6 The change in responsibilities (Ministry of Education) 137 Proposed placement of the NTGA within the South African tourism 7 162 domain Conceptualization of the dimensions of professionalism in the tourism 8 179 context 9 Depiction of the tourist guide at the epi-centre of the galaxy 192 10 Comparing tourist guiding registration processes in the global South 198 Current devolution of power of the National Department of Tourism in 11 199 the sector 12 Proposed centrality of the National Department of Tourism in the sector 200 13 Indigenous Story Teller (IST): Northern Cape 205 iii List of Definitions and Key Concepts ACCREDITATION – the authority or sanction given to someone or something by an official body when the recognised and accepted standards are met. CERTIFICATE – a document which confirms that someone has reached a certain level of achievement in a course of study or training. COMPETENCY TRAINING – any training required by a staff member in order to perform their job; this training directly relates to the task required to do their job. COOPERATION – an action or process of working together towards the same end. COLLABORATION – an action of working together to produce something or achieve similar objectives. CULTURE GUIDE – a person that conducts extensive tours with an emphasis on cultural wealth, both to enlighten and entertain international and local visitors as well as informing them of the different aspects of a particular culture. CURRICULUM – the subjects comprising a course of study in a school or tertiary institution. DOMESTIC TOURISM – tourism that takes place between and within regions of a particular country; it effectively includes inter-regional tourism and intra-regional tourism. INSTITUTION – an organization that was founded for a purpose such as education. It may be a primary, secondary, tertiary or private institute. INTER-REGIONAL TOURISM – tourism that takes place across the boundaries of regions. INTRA-REGIONAL TOURISM – tourism that takes place within certain countries within a region. INTERPRETATON – the action of explaining the meaning of something or an educational activity aimed at revealing the means and relationships to people about places that they visit and the things that they can see and do there. LEGISLATION – laws which are considered collectively or the process of making or enacting laws. iv NATURE GUIDE – a person that interprets the natural wealth of a site or province to a group of international or local visitors and educates and informs them of the different natural aspects of that particular area. PARASTATAL – an organization or industry, especially in some African countries which is given some political authority and serves the state indirectly. POLICY – a course or principle of action adopted and proposed by an organisation or individual. PROFESSIONAL – a person formally certified by a professional body or belonging to a specific profession by virtue of having completed a required course of studies and/ or practice, and whose competence can usually be measured against an established set of standards. PROFESSIONALISATION – a social process by which any trade or occupation transforms itself into a definable profession of the highest integrity and competence. QUALIFICATION – the passing of an examination or an official completion of a course, especially one conferring status as a recognised practitioner. RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING (RPL) – a type of assessment used for individuals who have been working as an unregistered individual or registered according to a former regulation to acknowledge all the qualifications, work experience and skills of that particular individual. Certain areas or unit standards may be identified as needing attention and it is advised that extra attention is given to these. REGISTRAR – a ministry appointed suitably qualified official responsible for keeping a register or official records and overseeing general progress within the tourism market. The South African tourist guiding sector adheres and is overseen by a national and provincial registrar(s). REGULATIONS – a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority; the action or process of regulating or being regulated. ROLE – the function assumed or the part played by a person or thing in a particular situation. SIMPLIFICATION – the process of making something simpler or easier to do or understand. SKILL(S) – the ability to do something well or to have expertise in performing a certain task. v STANDARDISATION – the process of making something conform to a specific standard. STANDARD – a level of quality or something which is used as a measure. TOURISM – the movement of tourists to places outside of their home context for less than one year, for reasons of recreation, leisure or business. TOURISM SERVICE – tourism and travel-related services include services provided by hotels and restaurants (including catering), transport entities, travel agencies and tour operator services, tourist guide services and other related services. TOURIST – a person who travels away from their home and stays away for at least one night (more than 24 hours) at their destination and they may travel for different purposes including business, leisure and exploration; types of tourists could include domestic, regional or international tourists. TOURIST GUIDE – a person who has attained a tourist guiding qualification, according to legislative requirements, and who guides and informs travellers in the regions in which they operate; various levels of tourist guiding are theoretically present in South Africa: NATIONAL GUIDE - a tourist guide who is licensed to operate at a national level. PROVINCIAL GUIDE - a tourist guide who is licensed to operate in certain provinces. REGIONAL GUIDE - a tourist guide who is licensed to operate in certain regions. SITE GUIDE – conducts short localised tours with a specific emphasis on the tourist attractions (cultural, natural or adventure) at a specific site. Guides may work at one specific site or may be qualified for a number of different sites. TOURIST GUIDE ASSOCIATIONS – organisations or institutions that help to organise and regulate nature, culture and adventure tourist guides in South Africa. Associations are established to professionalise tourist guiding, while promoting co-operation between tourist guides and tourism authorities.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hier Steht Später Die Headline
    S OUTH AFRICA : COUNTRY PROFILE Konrad Adenauer Foundation Last Update: April 2019 ww.kas.de/Südafrika COUNTRY OFFICE SOUTH AFRICA Country Profile South Africa Konrad Adenauer Foundation Contents 1 General Information: Republic of South Africa ......................................................................................... 2 2 History ............................................................................................................................................... 3 3 The Political System of South Africa ....................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Executive Power .............................................................................................................................. 4 3.1.1 National Level ................................................................................................................................. 4 3.1.2 Provincial Level ............................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Judicial Power ................................................................................................................................. 5 3.3 Legislative Power ............................................................................................................................. 6 3.3.1 National Level ................................................................................................................................. 6 4 Economy .........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Zuma's Cabinet Reshuffles
    Zuma's cabinet reshuffles... The Star - 14 Feb 2018 Switch View: Text | Image | PDF Zuma's cabinet reshuffles... Musical chairs reach a climax with midnight shakeup LOYISO SIDIMBA [email protected] HIS FIRST CABINET OCTOBER 2010 Communications minister Siphiwe Nyanda replaced by Roy Padayachie. His deputy would be Obed Bapela. Public works minister Geoff Doidge replaced by Gwen MahlanguNkabinde. Women, children and people with disabilities minister Noluthando MayendeSibiya replaced by Lulu Xingwana. Labour minister Membathisi Mdladlana replaced by Mildred Oliphant. Water and environmental affairs minister Buyelwa Sonjica replaced by Edna Molewa. Public service and administration minister Richard Baloyi replaced by Ayanda Dlodlo. Public enterprises minister Barbara Hogan replaced by Malusi Gigaba. His deputy became Ben Martins. Sport and recreation minister Makhenkesi Stofile replaced by Fikile Mbalula. Arts and culture minister Lulu Xingwana replaced by Paul Mashatile. Social development minister Edna Molewa replaced by Bathabile Dlamini. OCTOBER 2011 Public works minister Gwen MahlanguNkabinde and her cooperative governance and traditional affairs counterpart Sicelo Shiceka are axed while national police commissioner Bheki Cele is suspended. JUNE 2012 Sbu Ndebele and Jeremy Cronin are moved from their portfolios as minister and deputy minister of transport respectively Deputy higher education and training minister Hlengiwe Mkhize becomes deputy economic development minister, replacing Enoch Godongwana. Defence minister Lindiwe Sisulu moves to the Public Service and Administration Department, replacing the late Roy Padayachie, while Nosiviwe MapisaNqakula moves to defence. Sindisiwe Chikunga appointed deputy transport minister, with Mduduzi Manana becoming deputy higher education and training minister. JULY 2013 Communications minister Dina Pule is fired and replaced with former cooperative government and traditional affairs deputy minister Yunus Carrim.
    [Show full text]
  • Mandela & Sisulu
    THE MANDELA & SISULU Centenary NEWSLETTER August/September 2018 Foreword By Nomvula Mokonyane n 9 August 1956, about 20 000 South African women the forefront of the struggle, and sent a clear message that Omarched to the Union Buildings in Pretoria to the women’s role was everywhere. It inspired generations demand that the apartheid government repeal pass laws of women to join and lead the struggle as equal partners. that restricted their movement and This year marks the 62nd violated their human rights. This anniversary of the Women’s March historic march was organised by and coincides with the centenary women under the banner of the celebrations of both Mama Albertina Federation of South African Women Nontsikelelo Sisulu and former (FEDSAW). President Nelson Mandela. Mama The women marched in the Sisulu and other brave women of knowledge that they would in her generation helped to ensure all probability be met by brutal that the 1956 Women’s March was and unrelenting force of the a success. One of the key roles of security police; but they marched organisers at the time was helping nonetheless and chanted “Wathint’ women bypass police roadblocks Abafazi Wathint’ imbokodo” (“You that were meant to prevent them strike women, you strike a rock”). from attending the march. These powerful words gave them Mama Sisulu, who was married courage and strength to continue to Struggle icon Walter Sisulu, with their march because they was herself actively involved in knew their actions would benefit politics. For instance, she was one generations to come. of the first women to be arrested The courageous acts of these women were not in vain under the General Laws Amendment Act of 1956, which as the protest was one of the turning points in the history empowered police to detain suspects for 90 days without of our country.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating Freedom Month Vision
    MonthlyMAKING magazine YOUR FUTURE of the Parliament WORK BETTER of the –Republic Learning of Southfrom AfricaMadiba The official newsletter of the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa ISSUE 3 2018 Celebrating Freedom month Vision An activist and responsive people’s Parliament that improves the quality of life of South Africans and ensures enduring equality in our society. Mission Parliament aims to provide a service to the people of South Africa by providing the following: • A vibrant people’s Assembly that intervenes and transforms society and addresses the development challenges of our people; • Effective oversight over the Executive by strengthening its scrutiny of actions against the needs of South Africans; Provinces of Council National of • Participation of South Africans in the decision-making of of Assembly National processes that affect their lives; • A healthy relationship between the three arms of the Black Rod Mace Mace State, that promotes efficient co-operative governance between the spheres of government, and ensures appropriate links with our region and the world; and • An innovative, transformative, effective and efficient parliamentary service and administration that enables Members of Parliament to fulfil their constitutional responsibilities. Strategic Objectives 1. Strengthening oversight and accountability 2. Enhancing public involvement 3. Deepening engagement in international fora 4. Strengthening co-operative government 5. Strengthening legislative capacity contents 9 7 11 14 18 28 5 Mandela Day is an occasion
    [Show full text]
  • ADVISORY: 20 Changes to South Africa's Cabinet
    Equity House 107 St. Georges Mall Second Floor, Suite 2B, Cape Town 8001 T: +27 (0) 21 424 1443 / 3125 E: [email protected] www.ethicore.co.za ADVISORY: 20 changes to South Africa’s Cabinet: All you need to know Courtesy: News 24 and Eye Witness News 31 MARCH 2017 HOW IT WENT DOWN • In the late hours of the evening of 30 March 2017, the Presidency of the Republic of South Africa issued an alert that it would make an announcement related to changes to the National Executive. • Just after midnight on 31 March 2017, the Presidency issued a statement announcing President Jacob’s Zuma’s appointment of 10 new Cabinet Ministers and 10 new Deputy Ministers. • According to the statement, 20 changes to the National Executive were made “in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness” and “bring some younger MPs and women into the National Executive in order to benefit from their energy, experience and expertise”. • In total 5 former Cabinet Ministers and 2 former Deputy Ministers have been completely removed from the National Executive. At present, they do however remain Members of Parliament. At this stage, none have indicated any intention to resign from Parliament and have thus retained their seats. • The new Ministers and Deputy Ministers who have been appointed have been issued a clear directive by President Jacob Zuma to work tirelessly with other Cabinet members to bring about radical socio-economic transformation and delivery of the party’s electoral mandate. • Some former Cabinet Ministers and Deputy Ministers have been relieved of their duties, while others have been moved laterally.
    [Show full text]
  • History Pocket Guide to South Africa 2016/17
    History Pocket Guide to South Africa 2016/17 121 Pocket Guide to South Africa 2016/17 11. Government-Final.indd 121 11/22/17 10:05 AM GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS South Africa is a constitutional democracy with a three-tier system of government and an independent judiciary. The national, provincial and local levels of government all have legislative and executive authority in their own spheres, and are defined in the Constitution as “distinctive, interdependent and interrelated.” The Constitution The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. No other law or government action can supersede the provisions of the Constitution. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996 was approved by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996 and took effect on 4 February 1997. Government Government consists of national, provincial and local spheres. The powers of the legislature, executive and courts are separate. Parliament Parliament consists of the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces (NCOP). Parliamentary sittings are open to the public. Several measures have been implemented to make Parliament more accessible and accountable. National Assembly The National Assembly consists of no fewer than 350 and no more than 400 members, elected through a system of proportional representation for a five-year term. It elects the President and scrutinises the executive. National Council of Provinces The NCOP consists of 54 permanent members and 36 special delegates. The purpose of the NCOP is to represent the interests of the provinces in the national sphere of government. Government clusters Clusters were established to foster an integrated approach to governance that is aimed at improving government planning, decision making and service delivery.
    [Show full text]
  • Candidates List 2019 Elections
    AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS CANDIDATES LIST 2019 ELECTIONS NATIONAL TO NATIONAL 1. MATAMELA CYRIL RAMAPHOSA 2. DAVID DABEDE MABUZA 3. SAMSON GWEDE MANTASHE 4. NKOSAZANA CLARICE DLAMINI-ZUMA 5. RONALD OZZY LAMOLA 6. FIKILE APRIL MBALULA 7. LINDIWE NONCEBA SISULU 8. ZWELINI LAWRENCE MKHIZE 9. BHEKOKWAKHE HAMILTON CELE 10. NOMVULA PAULA MOKONYANE 11. GRACE NALEDI MANDISA PANDOR 12. ANGELA THOKOZILE DIDIZA 13. EDWARD SENZO MCHUNU 14. BATHABILE OLIVE DLAMINI 15. BONGINKOSI EMMANUEL NZIMANDE 16. EMMANUEL NKOSINATHI MTHETHWA 17. MATSIE ANGELINA MOTSHEKGA 18. LINDIWE DAPHNE ZULU 19. DAVID MASONDO 20. THANDI RUTH MODISE 21. MKHACANI JOSEPH MASWANGANYI 22. TITO TITUS MBOWENI 23. KNOWLEDGE MALUSI NKANYEZI GIGABA 24. JACKSON MPHIKWA MTHEMBU 25. PAKISHE AARON MOTSOALEDI 1 ANC CANDIDATES 2019 NATIONAL TO NATIONAL 26. KGWARIDI BUTI MANAMELA 27. STELLA TEMBISA NDABENI-ABRAHAMS 28. MBANGISENI DAVID MAHLOBO 29. DIPUO BERTHA LETSATSI-DUBA 30. TOKOZILE XASA 31. NCEDISO GOODENOUGH KODWA 32. JEFFREY THAMSANQA RADEBE 33. NOCAWE NONCEDO MAFU 34. NOSIVIWE NOLUTHANDO MAPISA-NQAKULA 35. MAITE EMILY NKOANA-MASHABANE 36. CASSEL CHARLIE MATHALE 37. AYANDA DLODLO 38. MILDRED NELISIWE OLIPHANT 39. GODFREY PHUMULO MASUALLE 40. PEMMY CASTELINA PAMELA MAJODINA 41. BONGANI THOMAS BONGO 42. NOXOLO KIVIET 43. MMAMOLOKO TRYPHOSA KUBAYI-NGUBANE 44. BALEKA MBETE 45. MONDLI GUNGUBELE 46. SIDUMO MBONGENI DLAMINI 47. MOKONE COLLEN MAINE 48. PINKY SHARON KEKANA 49. TANDI MAHAMBEHLALA 50. MATHUME JOSEPH PHAAHLA 51. VIOLET SIZANI SIWELA 52. FIKILE DEVILLIERS XASA 53. BARBARA DALLAS CREECY 54. SIYABONGA CYPRIAN CWELE 55. RHULANI THEMBI SIWEYA 56. ALVIN BOTES 57. MAKGABO REGINAH MHAULE 58. SUPRA OBAKENG RAMOELETSI MAHUMAPELO 59. PHINDISILE PRETTY XABA-NTSHABA 60. THEMBELANI WALTERMADE THULAS NXESI 2 ANC CANDIDATES 2019 NATIONAL TO NATIONAL 61.
    [Show full text]
  • Police Officers Honoured
    Health • Rural Development • Employment • Safety & Security • Education JOBSJOBS Vuk’uzenzele INSIDE:INSIDE: Produced by Government Communications (GCIS) | September 2016 Edition 2 Township economy gets a boost Page 9 Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa (centre), Minister Nkosinathi Nhleko, and Acting National Commissioner Kgomotso Phahlane during the South African Police Services’ Annual Commemoration Day. Police officers Top female farmers honoured honoured Page 10 Neo Semomo ficers who lost their lives dent Ramaphosa. have a voice in local po- between 1 April 2015 and The youngest of the po- licing and become aware eputy President 31 March 2016. lice officers who lost their of crime trends in their Cyril Ramapho- He added that citizens lives was Constable Sa- areas.” Dsa says the kill- should work together to belo Manyanga (28) who Deputy President Rama- ing of police can never create a nation that cares was shot two days before phosa told the families of be justified and must for each other. Christmas last year while the police officers that the come to an end. "Together we must build on duty in KwaZulu-Na- country was behind them. “We must build a culture a nation that values the tal. “May you all find com- that values police that sees sanctity of life and pro- He had three children fort in the knowledge that them not merely as pub- tects the most vulnerable. with the youngest being millions of South Africans lic servants, but as coura- “We ask our nation to one month old. truly value your loved ALSO AVALAIBLE ON: geous men and women unite in saying that the The Deputy President ones and the service they who have answered a murder of our police of- said the murder of police rendered with distinction calling.” ficers is unacceptable and officers should not only be to the people of South Af- The Deputy President it must end.
    [Show full text]
  • Steht Später Die Headline
    S OUTH AFRICA: COUNTRY PROFILE Konrad Adenauer Foundation April 2018 COUNTRY OFFICE SOUTH AFRICA Country Profile South Africa April 2018 Konrad Adenauer Foundation Contents 1 General Information: Republic of South Africa (RSA) ................................................................................ 2 2 History ............................................................................................................................................... 3 3 The political system of South Africa ....................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Executive power .............................................................................................................................. 4 3.1.1 National level .................................................................................................................................. 4 3.1.2 Provincial level ................................................................................................................................ 5 3.2 Judicial Power ................................................................................................................................. 5 3.3 Legislative power ............................................................................................................................. 6 3.3.1 National Level ................................................................................................................................. 6 4 Economy .........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa Yearbook 2015/16 International Relations
    International Relations South Africa Yearbook 2015/16 International Relations South Africa Yearbook 2015/16 271 International Relations International Relations According to the South African Constitution, Legislation the President is ultimately responsible for the The DIRCO derives its mandate from the foreign policy and international relations. It is following legislation: the President’s prerogative to appoint heads • The Foreign States Immunities Act, 1981 of mission, receive foreign heads of mission, (Act 87 of 1981), regulates the extent of the conduct state-to-state relations, and negotiate immunity of foreign states from the jurisdiction and sign all international agreements. of the South African courts and provides for International agreements that are not of a matters connected therewith. technical, administrative or executive nature • The Diplomatic Immunities and Privileges will only bind the country after being approved Act, 2001 (Act 37 of 2001), provides for by Parliament. Parliament also approves the the immunities and privileges of diplomatic country’s ratification of or accession to multilateral missions and consular posts and their agreements. All international agreements must members, heads of state, special envoys and be tabled in Parliament for information purposes. certain representatives of the United Nations The Minister of International Relations and (UN) and its specialised agencies, and other Cooperation is entrusted with the formulation, international organisations and certain people. promotion, execution and daily conduct of South • The African Renaissance and International Africa’s foreign policy. Cooperation Fund Act, 2001 (Act 51 of 2001), The Department of International Relations and establishes an African Renaissance and Cooperation’s (DIRCO) overall mandate is to International Cooperation Fund to enhance work for the realisation of South Africa’s foreign cooperation between South Africa and other policy objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Pretoria ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL TOURISM CO-OPERATION: the CASE of SOUTH AFRICA and CHINA, 2
    ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL TOURISM CO-OPERATION: THE CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA AND CHINA, 2009 TO 2017 By MALESELA WILLIAM LESO A mini-dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts (Diplomatic Studies) In the Department of Political Science UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Supervisor Professor SS Zondi November 2017 Ⓒ University of Pretoria TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGES Declaration iv Acknowledgement v List of Abbreviations vi Abstract viii List of Figures and Tables Figure 1: Top five countries: International Tourism Expenditure in 2016 55 Figure 2: Top ten leading long-haul source markets in SA between 2015-16 56 Figure 3: SA Tourism’s 5th Leisure Market Portfolio (2014-2017) 57 Figure 4: Chinese tourist arrivals & spending pattern in SA from 2009-16 58 Chapter One: Background and Rationale of the Study 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Contextual Background 1 3. Purpose and Rationale of the Study 3 4. Conceptual Framework 4 4.1 Establishing the Essence of Economic Diplomacy 4 4.2 Defining Diplomacy through Theoretical Lenses 4 4.3 Economic Diplomacy: Conceptual Framework 7 5. Analytic Framework: Integrative Diplomacy 10 6. Research Methodology 12 7. Literature Overview 13 7.1 South Africa and Economic Diplomacy 14 7.2 Tourism and Economic Diplomacy 16 8. The Structure of this Mini-Dissertation 17 9. Conclusion 18 Chapter Two: SA & China: Evolution of Diplomatic Relations 19 1. Introduction 19 2. From Mandela to Mbeki Administrations 19 3. The new era of President Zuma 22 4. The implication of the diplomatic evolution 24 5. Conclusion 26 ii Ⓒ University of Pretoria Chapter Three: Economic Diplomacy and Tourism Co-operation 27 1.
    [Show full text]
  • President Zuma Makes Extensive Changes to SA Cabinet
    From left to right: Herman van Papendorp (Head of Investment Research and Asset Allocation), Sanisha Packirisamy (Economist) President Zuma makes extensive changes to SA cabinet Long-anticipated cabinet reshuffle finally triggered For some time there has been consistent rumours that President Jacob Zuma was about to reshuffle his cabinet, in order to adjust to the dawning reality that he has lost the confidence of some key ministers that have increasingly becoming more vocal in opposing him in making decisions that they deemed to be inappropriate for the direction the country needed to embark upon, to successfully complete the next chapter of radical socio-economic transformation. This finally happened overnight with the announcement that Zuma had made 20 changes to his administration. The new cabinet changes include the following in table 1 below. Table 1: Cabinet changes Department Minister Deputy Minister Energy Ms Mmamoloko “Nkhensani” Kubayi - Transport Mr Joe Maswanganyi - Finance Mr Malusi Gigaba Mr Sifiso Buthelezi Police Mr Fikile Mbalula Mr Bongani Mkongi Public Works Mr Nathi Nhleko - Sports and Recreation Mr Thembelani Nxesi - Tourism Ms Tokozile Xasa Ms Elizabeth Thabethe Public Service and Administration Ms Faith Muthambi Ms Dipuo Letsatsi-Duba Home Affairs Prof Hlengiwe Mkhize - Communications Ms Ayanda Dlodlo Ms Thandi Mahambehlala Public Enterprises - Mr Ben Martins Arts and Culture - Ms Maggie Sotyu Trade and Industry - Mr Gratitude Magwanishe Telecommunications and Postal Services - Ms Stella Ndabeni-Abrahams Small Business Development - Ms Nomathemba November macro research and asset allocation Of key concern to the market, is the removal of highly regarded Mr Pravin Gordhan and Mr Mcebisi Jonas from their posts as Finance Minister and Deputy Finance Minister.
    [Show full text]