Harpers Ferry Center U.S. Department of the Interior

River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan July 2015 Prepared by

River Raisin National Battlefield Park Midwest Region of the National Park Service

Harpers Ferry Center Interpretive Planning

U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Table of Contents

Foundation Planning Background 1 Park Purpose 2 Fundamental Resources and Values 3 Battlefield Significance Statements 5 Interpretive Themes 5 Table of Significance Statements and Interpretive Themes 6 Interpretive Theme Matrices: Concepts, Topics and Stories 7 The Most Appropriate Sites to Interpret Park Themes Relating to the Battles or its Aftermath within Monroe and Wayne Counties, but Outside of Park Boundaries 12 The Most Appropriate Sites to Interpret Park Themes Relating to the Battles or its Aftermath Outside of Monroe and Wayne Counties and Park Boundaries 13 Management Goals Relating to Interpretation 14 Visitor Experience Goals 14

Existing Conditions 16 Facilities 17 Core Operations 18 Educational Programs and Projects 19 Interpretive Programs and Projects 22 Media Developed by the Battlefield or in Partnership 26 Partnerships and Collaborating Entities 28 Visitor Destination Programs that Overlap with River Raisin NBP 31 Audience Profiles 32 Current Programs and Media 35 Project Management Information System (PMIS) 36 Opportunities Relating to Interpretation 38 Research Needs 42

Recommendations 44 Summary of Recommendations 45 Interpretive and Educational Base-Funding Investment Priorities 47 Strategy for Development of Park Signage 47 Strategy for Research 49 Visitor Education Center 51 Matrices of Goals and Recommendations 53 Implementation Plan 56

Appendix 58 The Planning Team 58 Hull’s Trace Sign Plan 59

National Park Service c Foundation for Planning

d River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Foundation for Planning

River Raisin National Battlefield Park (Park) covers roughly 42 acres in Monroe, , and is a new rapidly growing park in southeast Michigan. The January 1813 Battles of Frenchtown were significant historic events that resulted from the convergence of incongruent cultures colliding for more than 60 years. The Park represents the greatest victory for the American Indian Confederation who sought to prevent U.S. expansion and to establish an American Indian territory in the . The Indian nations engaged in the battles power of the Confederation, armed The 2012 Foundation Document regardless of which side they aligned. was developed as a joint through alliances with Great Britain, For the Wyandotte (Wyandot\Huron), effort among members of the successfully took control of the , (Bodéwadmi), academic community, municipal and struck fear \, Chippewa (), government representatives, throughout the . The Wyandot of Anderdon Nation Delaware\Lenape (Lunaapeew), battles, subsequent killing of wounded members, and a local advisory Miami (Myaamiaki), Winnebago (Ho- U.S. prisoners and destruction of group along with National Park Chunk), Creek (Muscogee), Kickapoo Frenchtown directly contributed to Service staff. (Kiikaapoi), Sauk or Sac (Thâkîwa), regional and national developments Fox (Meskwaki), and Seneca-Cayuga during and following the War. The (Mingoes) the Aftermath of the Battles battles of Frenchtown remain the resulted in intense force removal and largest conflict to ever have occur struggles that continue today. within the present boundaries of Michigan and proved the deadliest The Park’s headquarters is located 40 engagement for U.S. forces during the miles south of and 20 miles War of 1812. This loss inspired the north of Toledo, in close proximity battle cry “Remember the Raisin!” for to the western shores of , U.S. forces in subsequent battles during adjacent to the River Raisin. This the War of 1812, including the decisive strategic location played a significant U.S. victory at the role in the historic events and Battles in Upper Canada where British forces that took place along the banks of the surrendered and the famous Shawnee River Raisin. leader was killed. The events along the River Raisin mark the last Planning Background hours of Frenchtown, one of the only French ribbon farm settlements to be In 2012, River Raisin National established within the United States Battlefield Park completed the after the Revolutionary War. In the park’s Foundation Document. The western Great Lakes, the aftermath of Foundation Document articulates the Battles spurred the United States the park’s purpose and significance, to achieving the goal of defeating interpretive themes, and other critical the American Indian Confederacy elements of park planning. Using the and driving the British out of the Foundation Document materials, a region. In the end, the victory was Long-Range Interpretive Plan (LRIP) as complete for the United States as Foundation Section workshop was the defeat was for the 12 American held in September of 2013. Following

National Park Service 1 review of the draft Foundation Section, a contract with Dr. Mark David an Interpretive Recommendations Spence. The Historic Resource Workshop was conducted in March Study will provide a historical of 2014 to outline interpretive and overview of the park and region, educational priorities for the next identifying and evaluating the 7-10 years. Some of the important park’s cultural resources within factors considered in crafting the historic context and will be a key recommendations include: tool to frame the development of interpretive media, programs, and • characteristics and needs of activities. The Historic Resource various park audiences; Study is projected to be completed • management goals relating to in 2015. A primary component of the Historic Resource Study interpretation; is the updating of the existing • fundamental resources and values; National Register of Historic Places nomination (1982) to reflect current • visitor experience goals; conditions.

• park purpose and significance; and Reference Library & Materials: In 2012, with the help of Battlefield • interpretive themes. volunteers, a basic reference library Several key planning documents have and files system was developed. been used in creation of this Long- Cataloging and expansion of the Range Interpretive Plan, including: reference materials continues to be a major project. Efforts are Foundation Document: In underway to inventory and connect December of 2012, the Battlefield other existing reference materials staff and stakeholders worked with throughout the region to the the Midwest Regional Office and Battlefield. Denver Service Center to craft the Battlefield Purpose, Statements of Park Purpose Significance, Fundamental Resources and Values, and Interpretive Themes. The purpose statement identifies the This Long-Range Interpretive Plan specific reason(s) a particular park is works from these statements as a established. The purpose statement for guiding framework. River Raisin National Battlefield Park was drafted through a careful analysis Cultural Landscape Study and of its enabling legislation and the Report: In 2012, the Monroe County legislative history that influenced its Historical Society provided funding development. for the Battlefield to develop a Cultural Landscape Study and The following purpose statement lays Report in partnership with the the foundation for understanding what Jeff Green and Eastern Michigan is most important about River Raisin University. Research continues on National Battlefield Park: this project and a draft is expected for review in 2015. River Raisin National Battlefield Park preserves, commemorates, and Historic Resource Study: In 2013, interprets the January 1813 battles of River Raisin National Battlefield the War of 1812 and their aftermath. Park and the Midwest Region of the National Park Service initiated a Historic Resource Study through

2 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Fundamental Resources and Values

Fundamental Resources and Values during planning and management are those features, systems, processes, processes because they are essential to experiences, stories, scenes, sounds, achieving the purpose of the park and smells, or other attributes determined maintaining its significance. to merit primary consideration

1. Fundamental Resource -Archeological Evidence and Research

River Raisin National Battlefield Park protects archeological evidence, which has the potential to yield information important to our understanding of the historic events that took place at this site. Numerous investigations, testing, and research have already identified the likelihood of a rich archeological record that requires the stewardship and protection of the park. This archeological evidence includes the possible development of collections associated with the battles of River Raisin.

2. Fundamental Resource - Battlefield Landscape

The land owned and managed by the National Park Service consists of core areas of the battle site where the historic events of January 1813 took place. Key features within the existing park boundary include Mason Run and access points to River Raisin. The physical location of the battles of River Raisin provides an opportunity for stewardship and interpretation.

Military band concerts have been hosted to honor all veterans and members of the U.S. Armed forces, reinforcing the connections between contemporary visitors and the historic battles.

National Park Service 3 1. Fundamental Value - Areas of the Battlefield Landscape Outside of the Park Boundary

The larger extent of the battles of River Raisin includes landscape features and geographic locations that are not currently owned or managed by the National Park Service. These areas are of value to understanding the full significance of events at River Raisin. These areas include, but are not limited to, Plum Creek Crossing, South Otter Creek Crossing, Stony Creek Crossing, Crossing, La Plaisance Bay Landing, and the “corduroy road” section of Hull’s Trace.

Associated Sites Sites Related to Troop Movements • Contemporary roads that follow Hull’s Road • , site of first shots of War of 1812, British counter invasion of the United States, and the signing of the Treaty of Spring Wells • Humbug Marsh Unit, where troops from Ft. Malden may have made their crossing • Plum Creek Crossing • Remnants of Hull’s Trace in Wayne County at the mouth of the Huron river boundary on the Huron River • Sandy Creek crossing where British and Indians camped on January 21 • South LaPlaisance Bay where US troops made landfall after coming up the Western shore • South Otter Creek Crossing • Stony Creek crossing • Swan Creek: a pause Battle Sites • Battle of Brownstown near Carlson High School • Battle of Manguaga and Maguaga Indian Village • North of Mason Run to Heck Park, place of first battle • Plum Creek • South Otter Creek • The sand hill of Spring Wells (current day Fort Wayne) Burial Sites • American Indian burial sites • Core Battlefield area (unidentified, but documented mass grave sites) • Plum Creek Park, where 40 bodies were recovered • Sites where Kentuckians and soldiers are interred ( Memorial, Woodland Cemetery) Sites of Historic Structures • 42 markers in Monroe County related to War 1812 • Colonel Francois Navarre’s home • Kentucky Volunteer Monument, 1904 (Centennial Project of State of Michigan) • LeBeau and Soleau homestead sites on Sandy Creek • Macon Reserve Monument • Michigan Memorial Park American Indian Monument • Monuments • Navarre-Anderson Trading Post • Sites of three stockades (Wayne Stockade, Frenchtown Stockade and South Otter Creek) • St. Antione Church • St. Joseph’s presents a list of those captured; rock with marker • War of 1812 Monument (Elm & Dixie Hwy) • Wyandot statues at the Wyandot golf course Treaty Sites • American Indian Reservations including the Macon Reserve, Ottawa Reserve, and Huron Reserve • Treaty of Spring Wells that marked the official end of the War of 1812 on September 8, 1815, between the U.S. and American Indian Tribes

4 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Students learn about the battlefield’s significance through sensory-based, interactive programs which involve multiple learning styles and connect with a range of student interests.

Battlefield Significance Interpretive Themes Statements Interpretive themes are often described Significance statements express why as the key stories or concepts that River Raisin National Battlefield Park visitors should understand after resources and values are important visiting a park- they define the most enough to merit national park unit important ideas or concepts designation. Statements of significance communicated to visitors about describe why an area is important a park unit. Themes are derived within a global, national, regional, and from – and should reflect – park systemwide context. These statements purpose, significance, resources, are linked to the purpose of the park and values. The set of interpretive unit, and are supported by data, themes is complete when it provides research, and consensus. Significance the structure necessary for park staff statements describe the distinctive to develop opportunities for visitors nature of the park and inform to explore and relate to all of the management decisions, focusing park significances and fundamental efforts on preserving and protecting resources and values. the most important resources and values of the park unit. The park’s five The following table aligns the Significance Statements are articulated Battlefield’s five Significance in the following “Table of Significance Statements with the Battlefield’s five Statements and Interpretive Themes.” Interpretive Themes. National Park Service 5 Table of Significance Statements and Interpretive Themes

Title Significance Statement Theme

Battle for Supremacy or Survival River Raisin National Battlefield The strategic location and abundant resources of the Old Northwest made Park reflects the multinational Frenchtown (on the banks of the River Raisin) a battleground for national battle for supremacy or survival supremacy. The interests of many nations led to violent conflicts with in the Old Northwest during the dramatic and profound consequences that reshaped North America. Out War of 1812, which included of this violence came a lasting peace for some but not for all, prompting the United States, tribal nations, reflection on how best to craft lasting conflict resolution. and the British Empire.

Remember the Raisin The Battles of the River Raisin The phrase “Remember the Raisin” means something different to all who resulted in the largest number hear it. In 1813, it served as a rallying cry for U.S. citizens for recruiting and of U.S. fatalities during the War revenge; for the British and First Nations people, it was fear mongering of 1812. Following the battles wartime propaganda. Today, these words serve to remind us of the battlefield, and aftermath, “Remember the to honor the loss; to reflect on the ways the war could have been averted; Raisin” became a rallying cry to confront our own mortality; and to recognize the price paid by all that galvanized the fledgling participants-in human life, cultural heritage, monetary fortunes, and future nation, helped unify the cause potential-all in a belief in the righteousness of the war. for war, and influenced U.S. policy regarding tribal nations.

Le Choc Des Cultures River Raisin National Battlefield The Battles of the River Raisin represent far more than military engagements Park reflects the many different among the British Empire, the U.S., and Tecumseh’s Confederation; the battles cultures (including tribal represented a violent convergence of cultures, languages, traditions, and nations, French habitant, U.S., political policies. Families and alliances were fractured by the warfare, and and British) involved in the land groups such as the Metis Society, were fragmented and changed forever. The campaign of the Old Northwest cultural continuum at this historic site has relevance to modern-day efforts during the War of 1812. toward implementing cultural diversity.

Tecumseh’s Confederation The combined forces of Vast natural resources and transportation routes lured past generations Realized Tecumseh’s Confederation and continue to attract people today to the River Raisin region. Tecumseh’s demonstrated their strength Confederation united many First Nations people to defend their lands and and power on the battlefield at ways of life against Western expansion and the threat of change-a struggle River Raisin, leading to recogni- that continues to evolve. The powerful demonstration of Tecumseh’s alliance tion as a significant military resonated across colonized North America, influencing the outcome of the force during the War of 1812. War of 1812 and who we are today. Tecumseh’s Confederation united many tribal nations to defend their lands and ways of life against Western expansion and the threat of change- a struggle that continues to evolve.

Hull’s Corduroy Road Rare corduroy road remnants of Like the interstate highways of today, Hull’s Road was a reliable means of Hull’s Trace are located about transportation in the region, which had strategic importance for all sides 14 miles north of the core of in the War of 1812. Control of this corridor was vital to those living in the the battlefield. The 200-mile- Old Northwest and those who sought to hold supremacy over the region. long Hull’s Trace between Remnants of the corduroy road segment survive to this day, giving visitors Urbana, , and Fort Detroit the opportunity to experience a tangible connection to the past worthy of was constructed by U.S. troops preservation. under the command of General William Hull as a supply route. Portions of the route built through marshy tracts were shored up with a series of logs placed horizontally. These be- came known as corduroy roads. The road was a thoroughfare for troops entering and exiting Frenchtown for the battles.

6 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Interpretive Theme Matrices: Concepts, Topics, and Stories

The information and implications of each Interpretive Theme are extensive and complex. This layer of supporting material informs development of individual park presentations, exhibits, and other media. A listing of the important concepts, topics and stories which supports each Interpretive Theme is articulated in the Interpretive Theme Matrices. These lists are not exhaustive or undeviating, but may be updated as new information is uncovered and additional insights are developed.

Interpretive themes provide a framework that guides the focus and content of interpretive and educational programs.

Theme #1 Battle for Supremacy or Survival

The strategic location and abundant resources of the Old Northwest made Frenchtown (on the banks of the River Raisin) a battleground for national supremacy. The interests of many nations led to violent conflicts with dramatic and profound consequences that reshaped North America. Out of this violence came a lasting peace for some but not for all, prompting reflection on how best to craft lasting conflict resolution.

Concepts Topics and Stories

Concepts that may be explored within this theme Representative topics and stories that could be included within the theme

• Illustrate how residents’ backyard gardens and “ribbon • Control of a geographic area via control of access farms” were linked into the battlefield site. • History of the American Indian fur trade with Europeans • Present the implications of the Frenchtown community and settlement of Detroit\Frenchtown being occupied by a foreign power. • US policy regarding tribal nations • Describe how the international battle took place in the • Modes of conflict resolution residents’ backyards. • Righteousness of the war • Explain how the “vast natural resources” that white settlers wanted were of high value because they were • Kentucky Volunteer story already being cultivated by the Native inhabitants. • United States’ dependence on land sales for revenue and • Reveal the “Middle Ground” relationship between local the national leadership’s involvement in land speculation French and Native peoples

National Park Service 7 Theme #2 Remember the Raisin

The phrase “Remember the Raisin” means something different to all who hear it. In 1813, it served as a rallying cry for U.S. citizens for recruiting and revenge; for the British and First Nations people, it was fear mongering wartime propaganda. Today, these words serve to remind us of the battlefield, to honor the loss; to reflect on the ways the war could have been averted; to confront our own mortality; and to recognize the price paid by all participants-in human life, cultural heritage, monetary fortunes, and future potential-all in a belief in the righteousness of the war.

Concepts Topics and Stories

Concepts that may be explored within this theme Representative topics and stories that could be included within the theme

• Present the fact that this was not a memory that U.S. Participants and commanders citizens wanted to preserve. • Personal stories • Explain why called these events a • Occupations “National Calamity.” • Descendants • Describe the Civil War nature of the War of 1812 in the Old that followed behind the Specifics Revolutionary War. • Lead-up to battles • Illustrate the ways in which people genuinely suffered after the war from lack of crops and manpower. • Locations of battles • Provide an opportunity for audiences to discuss the • Issues question of “massacre.” • Strategies and tactics • Present the fact that US declared war on Britain, and • Weapons and uniforms that the war was international. • Destructive effects of battles • Present the facts about the aftermath and continuing • Effects of battles that promoted peace border tensions including the “Patriot Revolt,” The Feinian raids, and tensions during the US Civil War that • Treaties resulted in the construction and garrisoning of Fort • Influence on American Indian policies Wayne in Detroit. • Emphasize the fact that we now share 200 years of Forgetting the Raisin: peace with Canada, and share the longest unprotected • Paper Mill, 1910-1982 border in the world. • Negative impacts to the remaining cultural landscape • Acknowledge that the twelve tribes of American Indians • Tribal removal and American Indian identity involved in the battles are sovereign nations with their own stories Remembering the Raisin: • Acknowledge that Canada is a sovereign nation with its • Restoration vs. preservation own story. • Archeologists have located the Frenchtown Punchant • Emphasize the impact of the War on the American fence line & basements Indian Nations, the Indian removal policy, and the continuing struggle of Native people today. • Monuments and Memorials • Commemorative events

8 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Theme #3 Le Choc Des Cultures

The phrase “Remember the Raisin” means something different to all who The Battles of the River Raisin represent far more than military engagements among the British Empire, the U.S., and Tecumseh’s Confederation; the battles represented a violent convergence of cultures, languages, traditions, and political policies. Families and alliances were fractured by the warfare, and groups such as the Metis Society, were fragmented and changed forever. The cultural continuum at this historic site has relevance to modern- day efforts toward implementing cultural diversity.

Concepts Topics and Stories

Concepts that may be explored within this theme Representative topics and stories that could be included within the theme

• Explain the native culture and history of the principle American Indians: governance and the new American Indian Tribes in the River Raisin Region United States governance. • Tribal Cultures & including the Potawatomi, Wyandotte, and Shawnee. Traditions Comparison of British and French customs, culture, • Explain the historical struggle for world dominance, • Intertribal Relations Great Britain and France’s roles in Upper Canada and and trade influences on the Northwest Territory and the expansion impacts on • Land Use the region. American Indians. • Architecture Foods were available • Explain the American Indians’ desire for the formation • Agriculture then, but are now extinct: of an Indian Territory and the tribes that participated • Trade & Trade Routes • Blue Pike and Passenger including Wyandotte (Wyandot\Huron), Shawnee, Pigeon Potawatomi (Bodéwadmi), Odawa\Ottawa, Chippewa • Native Plants (Ojibwe), Delaware\Lenape (Lunaapeew), Miami Foods were available • Foods (Myaamiaki), Winnebago (Ho-Chunk), Creek (Muscogee), then, but are no longer Kickapoo (Kiikaapoi), Sauk or Sac (Thâkîwa), Fox • Medicines here: (Meskwaki), and Seneca-Cayuga (Mingoes). • Wild rice, Sturgeon French and other settlers: • Explain the migration of French settlers into the River (uncommon), Indian Raisin Region and the development of a new Metis • Culture Corn (uncommon), Society. • Settlement Patterns 3-sisters squash, bear, bison, elk, and moose • Explain the establishment of Frenchtown and the • Architecture trade culture surrounding the natural resources of the Foods that can be used as • Agriculture Michigan Territory. icons: • Barter and Commerce • Explain how the anti-slavery aspect of the Northwest • Judas Tree, Muskrat, Territory Ordinance of 1787 affected the United States, • Motivations and French Pears the Michigan Territory, and the War of 1812. • Participation in Battles Grapes, Apples, and the start of Michigan’s wine • Explain slave and free African American involvement in • Effects of War the Battles of the River Raisin and support roles back in and cider Industries Kentucky and in British Canada. Blending of French and • Explain the first mustering of African American militia in American Indian Cultures Detroit in the War of 1812. • Land • Contrast East Coast settlement patterns with • Marriage Frenchtown’s settlement pattern. Highlight the fact that • Religion Frenchtown was not a New England town. • Foods • Contrast the Underground Railroad movement in the Old Northwest Territory prior to the War of 1812 and • Traditions after the War of 1812 (North-Canada to South-U.S. and French settler connections then switching from South-U.S. to North-Canada.) in the British Territory of Canada and the United States Territory of Michigan. Comparison of British

National Park Service 9 Theme #4 Tecumseh’s Confederation Realized

Vast natural resources and transportation routes lured past generations and continue to attract people today to the River Raisin region. Tecumseh’s Confederation united many First Nations people to defend their lands and ways of life against Western expansion and the threat of change-a struggle that continues to evolve. The powerful demonstration of Tecumseh’s alliance resonated across colonized North America, influencing the outcome of the War of 1812 and who we are today.

Concepts Topics and Stories

Concepts that may be explored within this theme Representative topics and stories that could be included within the theme

• Present the importance of Tenskawata’s leadership in Cultures: the American Indian cultural revival movement which • Language provided a critical background to these battles. • Material culture • Present the idea that the Second Battle was an Indian • Leadership victory rather than a British victory. • Alliances • Explain the appropriateness of the phrase, “The enemy • Customs of my enemy is my friend.” • Tribal splits over how best to preserve tribal lands and • Explore the events of January 23rd. ways of life

• Reveal the various motivations that influenced tribal • Treaties and tribal splits as a result of treaties and forced involvement. removal • Tribal cultures today and sovereignty struggles and social • Discuss battle strategies and tactics, especially those used justice issues that continue by American Indian participants in the Second Battle. Tribes Represented: • Discuss the strategic locations of the Wyandotte villages in General Hull’s plan to use Frenchtown as his supply • Chippewa (Ojibwe) point for the War • Delaware\Lenape (Lunaapeew)

• Explore the Wyandotte Nations role in the co-founding • Fox (Meskwaki) of Detroit • Kickapoo (Kiikaapoi)

• Explore the Potawatomi role in the establishment of • Miami (Myaamiaki) Frenchtown • Odawa\Ottawa • Potawatomi (Bodéwadmi) • Sauk or Sac (Thâkîwa) • Seneca-Cayuga (Mingoes) • Shawnee • Winnebago (Ho-Chunk), Creek (Muscogee) • Wyandotte (Wyandot\Huron)

10 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Theme #5 Hull’s Corduroy Road

Like the interstate highways of today, Hull’s Road was a reliable means of transportation in the region, which had strategic importance for all sides in the War of 1812. Control of this corridor was vital to those living in the Old Northwest and those who sought to hold supremacy over the region. Remnants of the corduroy road segment survive to this day, giving visitors the opportunity to experience a tangible connection to the past worthy of preservation.

Concepts Topics and Stories

Concepts that may be explored within this theme Representative topics and stories that could be included within the theme

• Provide an opportunity to experience historic road Transportation Routes construction techniques. • Land • Explain the importance of Hull’s Trace for commerce and • Water border protection. Modes of Transportation • Explain military logistics as a critical component of • Land winning battles in relation to control of Lake Erie and • Water Hull’s Trace. Road Construction • Describe the Great Swamp and the challenges of moving • Corduroy Road supplies through vast wetlands. • Bridges • Present Hull’s Trace as a rare contemporary reference to • Other the Michigan’s first territorial governor. Road Use • Illustrate how contemporary roads follow the path of • Military Hull’s Trace, which followed established American Indian and settler trails. • Commerce • Social • Provide an opportunity for visitors to see and recognize the Trace remnants. United States Road History • Civilian • Illustrate why the majority of the War of 1812 battles fought in (Brownstown, Monguagon, River Raisin) • Military Michigan were along Hull’s Trace.

• Explain the creation of the first national system of military roads ordered by Congress and administered under Secretary of War John C. Calhoun and relate the significance of Hull’s Trace as the “Great Military Road.”

National Park Service 11 The Most Appropriate Sites to Interpret Park Themes Relating to the Battles or its Aftermath within Monroe and Wayne Counties, but Outside of Park Boundaries

River Raisin NBP protects only a small percentage of the entire battlefield. Interpretation of the Park story may involve sites outside of the Park boundaries. Some of these sites are listed below, and organized by Interpretive Themes.

Battle for Supremacy: • Area of Historic Frenchtown • American Indian reservations (Monroe Multi-Sports Complex & (Macon, Huron, and Ottawa) surrounding areas)

• Brownstown Battle Site • Fort Wayne in Detroit

• Brownstown Village Site • Navarre Trading Post

• Heck Park – 1st Battle of • St. Antoine’s Frenchtown Tecumseh Federation: • Humbug Marsh – British land for • American Indian trails (water and invasion of U.S.\Frenchtown land)

• Maguagua Battle Site • American Indian villages & reserves • Maguagua Indian Village • Brownstown Battle Site & Indian • Remnants of Hull’s Trace Village

• Site of encampment on January 21 • Maguagua Battle Site & Indian • South La Plaisance Bay & Lake Village Erie – U.S. Approach Route from • Site of January 21 encampment Ohio Hull’s Trace: Remember the Raisin: • Contemporary roads that follow • 1904 Kentucky Volunteer the historic trace (Jefferson Avenue, Monument Dixie Highway, etc.)

• Hellenburg Park – 2nd Battle • Crossing of Otter Creek

• Plum Creek Park – 2nd Battle • Hull’s Trace at mouth of Huron

• Rouge Park – 2nd Battle • Markers along Hull’s Trace (such • U.S. Campsite at the mouth of as stone columns & state historic the Huron River – Reflections of markers) Burying of Fallen Soldiers • St. Joseph’s Parish Clash of Cultures: • American Indian villages

12 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan The Most Appropriate Sites to Interpret Park Themes Relating to the Battles or its Aftermath Outside of Monroe and Wayne Counties and Park Boundaries

Battle for Supremacy: in the Battles • Fort Meigs Clash of Cultures: • Godfrey’s Trading Post (Historic • Battle of Thames Marker in Ypsilanti) • in Ontario • Fort Malden • Fort Meigs Remember the Raisin: • 1904 Kentucky Volunteer • Mackinac Island Monument • Niagara

• General William Henry Harrison • Put-in-Bay historic marker at Fort Meigs Tecumseh Federation: • Markers in Lexington/ • American Indian village sites & Georgetown/Frankfort Kentucky reservations representing tribes • Monraviantown in Ontario involved in the Battles and/or Aftermath • Plum Creek Park Hull’s Trace: • Tribal Trail of Tears\Death Routes in Michigan leading to Kansas and • Contemporary roads that follow Oklahoma the historic trace to Dayton, Ohio

• Tribal Reservation and Tribal Jurisdiction Areas relating to American Indian Tribes that fought

Like the interstate highways of today, Hull’s Trace was a reliable avenue of transportation in the region, which had strategic importance for all sides in the War of 1812.

National Park Service 13 As articulated in the park’s purpose statement, River Raisin National Battlefield Park preserves, commemorates, and interprets the January 1813 battles of the War of 1812 and their aftermath. The park’s management has identified the following three goals relating to interpretation.

Management Goals Relating Visitor Experience Goals to Interpretation The division of Interpretation and 1. Access to Park Resources and Values Education serves the park’s purpose by supporting management goals. Provide access to a range of educational Visitor Experience Goals articulate and recreational opportunities that more specifically how audiences will foster the health and integrity of the experience the park, and the purpose park’s environment and its visitors. for which it is being preserved. 2. Shared History Access to Park Resources and Invest in partnerships which empower Values diverse audiences to participate in the discovery and protection of the • Sufficient orientation to the site and Battlefield’s natural and cultural within the site is provided. resources and values. • The Battlefield offers a sense of 3. Viability being “in the real place.” Maintain the natural and built • Audiences can sense the emotional environments to support viable depth of the conflict which and sustainable populations, and to compelled the battle. preserve the integrity of the Battlefield landscape and its stories for present • A range of contact with artifacts and future generations. or reproductions, from hands- on programs to black powder demonstrations and encampments, provides a rich level of access to

River Raisin National Battlefield seeks to provide access to a range of educational and recreational opportunities that foster the health and integrity of the parks environment and its visitors.

14 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan The battlefield’s Junior Ranger program helps to increase recognition of the battlefield as a unit of the National Park System.

the site on physical, sensory, and • Learning is available through imagination levels. experience and engagement as much as through formal • Artifacts and reproductions are programming. coupled with correct information about their ownership or loan status, • Local residents- especially children whether the item is a digital repro- and families- find value in the site as duction, and whether the item is a a community resource. period piece or actual battle artifact.

• Media and technology are fully integrated into visitor experience and operations.

Shared History • Audiences contribute to the story. Co-creation of visitor experience is encouraged.

• Audiences may access the park’s stories and resources through the park’s collaboration with partners.

• Audiences discover topical connections across organizational and geographic boundaries.

Viability • Physical and virtual spaces are comfortable, accessible, attractive, welcoming.

National Park Service 15 Existing Conditions

16 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Existing Conditions

Facilities Areas relating to River Raisin National Battlefield Park cover roughly 100,000 acres in Monroeand Wayne Counties, Michigan. The current park boundary contains approximately 42 acres in Monroe, Michigan. The park’s visitor center is located in a former house which has served for many years as a place to welcome visitors and provide orientation, information, and interpretation.

Large photographs are displayed in Standing in front of the park the windows of the front porch of the • Rolling PowerPoint presentation visitor center in 2012, retired Visitor Center. This display serves as an above the fireplace showing Secretary of the Interior Ken National Park Service Director orientation exhibit, which is especially Mary Bomar acknowledged the useful if the Visitor Center is not open. Salazar establishing the Battlefield contributions of Boy Scouts in improving the park’s facilities. Visitors are greeted at the information • Other video displays desk, provided with a brief interpre- The majority of the exhibits were tation of the Battlefield, and given developed prior to the creation of the suggestions on how to visit the Visitor Battlefield as a Unit of the National Center, the Battlefield, and the sur- Park System and do not meet National rounding areas. NPS Passport stamps Park Standards for design, accessibility, are available, as well as information or interpretive themes. Attempts have about other sites in the area. been made to update and broaden Exhibits include: the interpretive value of the exhibits, but the due to space constraints and • 20 year-old 15-minute fiber optic funding the exhibits remain sub- light show that provides a good standard. Like the fiber optic light U.S. perspective on the Battles show, the exhibits were developed to tell the story of the Battles from • 20-plus year-old Diorama of an American perspective. As a result, historic Frenchtown that provides exhibits point visitors towards one of a general idea of what existed at the the many cultures that clashed at the time of the Battles Battles and fail to allow visitors to truly • A few artifacts of the battles that draw their own conclusions. are displayed with in-house labels The River Raisin National Battlefield • Paintings which illustrate historic Park Foundation, Inc. (a Michigan 501 Frenchtown c3 corporation) operates the Park’s cooperating association educational • Portrait wall consisting of various sales area. The current sales area is individuals associated with the 66 square feet, with a very high sales Battles volume per square foot. The sales area serves as an introduction to the • Small collection of U.S. and British Battlefield’s interpretive themes. The arms books and other take-home theme-

National Park Service 17 An Annual Commemoration is held each January to remember the events of the battlefield and the sacrifices that were made.

related educational items allow visitors place, and the panels are old and worn. to continue learning after they leave the site. The Battlefield Foundation Historic markers, a short interpretive has partnered with Eastern National trail built of asphalt and wood chips, and the National Park Foundation and a picnic shelter representing a to offer many of the same sales items historic barn structure from the time of typically found at other National the battle are part of the site landscape. Parks. The Battlefield Foundation have Core Operations also created several theme-related educational sales items that are specific The Battlefield Superintendent and the and unique to the Battlefield such as Chief of Interpretation and Education sled canons, period firearm education articulate vision for the park, strive to sheets, educational publications, post strengthen the culture of community cards, posters and Major Muskrat Park and collaboration with related sites, Ranger plush animals. obtain funding, increase site visibility, and conduct daily park operations. Around the foot of the building is a In addition to these two employees, garden featuring historic flowers and the Battlefield’s interpretive and herbs, while a small raised vegetable education staff consists of one GS-04 garden is tended on the back side of permanent part-time park guide, one the building. Gardens serve as a living GS-04 permanent subject-to-furlough exception to static exhibits. Plants part-time park guide and varying can reflect the importance of climate, numbers of GS-01/02/03 intermittent seasons, and weather patterns. They and seasonal park guides. Park Guides can illustrate native and culturally also perform daily custodial duties introduced species, and open a and basic building and grounds dialog on the topic of missing species. maintenance due to the fact that no The concept of a backyard battle is maintenance employees are employed disturbing when considered from the at the park. Each of the permanent peace of a garden. part-time park guides assume An accessible Front Plaza features four multiple collateral duties including flag posts and three fiberglass wayside website maintenance, visitor statistics, exhibits. As the exhibits had been curatorial monitoring, school fieldtrip moved from their original location, the scheduling, event notification, and “You are here” arrow is in the wrong many others. Program research, design,

18 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Period clothing, hands-on interactions with props, and personal interactions are used to encourage learning at the battlefield.

and writing is currently completed remains steady from March through by volunteer educators, the Chief of October and slows some November Interpretation, and Superintendent. through February. Slower visitation Publications are developed by times are packed with intense planning the Chief of Interpretation and and program preparation. Superintendent with the help of park guides, interns, educators, and the The Battlefield has had limited funding volunteers. since starting operations in 2011, which has increased the importance of Volunteer staff members provide strong partnerships. Due to turbulent a great deal of physical and service fiscal times, the Battlefield has not support to the Battlefield. In May of had an operating budget until March 2011 two workshops were conducted or April of each year. Unfortunately, for Battlefield staff and Volunteers- the stop-and-go budget pattern of in-Parks which presented scholarly recent fiscal years can be interpreted sessions, interpretive training, and by stakeholders as clumsiness in orientation to site operations. The communication and planning. Volunteer-In-Parks program has grown tremendously since the Educational Programs and initial orientations to 790 volunteers Projects contributing 16,966 hours in Fiscal Summer Educational Institutes: Year 2013 (the park’s centennial year) Starting in 2013, with funding from and 686 volunteers contributing the National Park Foundation’s 13,567 hours in Fiscal Year 2014. America’s Best Idea program, The VIP program is managed by the educators from Monroe and Wayne Superintendent with direct assistance Counties, Michigan, participated in from a park guide as a collateral duty. Summer Educational Institutes. The The volunteer program has huge Institutes continued with additional growth potential if additional staff time funding in 2013 from the National can be dedicated to it. Park Foundation’s Impact Grant and The Visitor Center is open to the Park Stewards Grant program, the extent that funding allows. When Monroe County Historical Society, hours must be reduced due to funding DTE Energy Foundation, and constraints, the Battlefield strives to be Consumers Energy Foundation. The open as much as possible. Visitation Institutes broke important ground

National Park Service 19 in finding multiple contact points 5. “Battles of the River Raisin Pen between standardized curriculum Pal Project” (middle grade 8). in social studies, history, economics, Completed in 2012. chemistry, physics, mathematics, algebra, trigonometry, calculus, and 6. “Treaty Negotiations: Treaties of the relevant topics as presented by the Ghent & Spring Wells” (grade 8). Battlefield. Each Institute is challenged Completed in 2013. to create meaningful standards-based 7. “Bias of the Battles: Point of View” educational curriculum around a (grade 8). Underway 2015. specific interpretive theme and topic. Each of the Institutes consists of 8. “Remember the Raisin Adventure primary and secondary educators, (grades 6-12). Completed in 2012. curriculum development consultants, 9. “Americans at the Round Table: and evaluation experts. Treaties of Ghent & Spring Wells” Educational Programs that are (grades 9-12). Under development currently offered by the Battlefield in 2015. include: 10. “The Ballistics of Artillery” (grades 1. “Letters From the Grave” 7-12). Under development in 2015. (elementary grades 3-5). Educational programs are presented Completed in 2012. in the classroom by teachers and 2. “It’s Not My Fault: Engaging on-site field trips are presented in a Point of View & Historical variety of ways including by park staff, Perspective Through Social volunteers, and through teacher-led Media” (elementary grades 3-5). activities. Completed in 2013. Pilot Educational Program: 3. “A Soldier’s Notes from Michigan’s Virtual Educational Program Big Battle” (middle grades 6-8). River Raisin National Battlefield Completed in 2012. Park in partnership with the Monroe 4. “Analyzing a Battlefield Map & County Intermediate School District Corresponding Image” (middle pilot tested the potential to reach grades 7-8). Completed in 2012. school students through a virtual field trip. The one-day pilot virtual field trip

The Clash of Powers program introduces participants to multiple perspectives and cultures that clashed at the battlefield during the War of 1812.

20 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan reached 413 students in 17 different classes from as far away as Brookwood High School in Alabama. In addition to the classes, three home school groups joined in on the virtual field trip from Jackson, Eaton Rapids, and Clarklake Michigan. There is a high potential for an effective and broad- reaching virtual field educational programs to reach thousands of students annually.

Pilot Educational Program Days River Raisin National Battlefield Park pilot tested the goal of reaching every school student in Wayne and Monroe Counties, Michigan that currently attends at Priority School or lives below the poverty level (34.6% of all location, (5 million K-12 students are A Walk Through Time was a two- Wayne County Children) before they enrolled in school within 50 miles of day event with 14 one-act plays graduate. To achieve this goal, the the Park headquarters), there is a tre- depicting different aspects of the Battlefield would have to serve more mendous potential for it to have one of Battles of the River Raisin. than 60,000 students per year. The the largest educational programs in the Battlefield conducted a pilot education National Park System. week to determine the response from educators to educational opportunities Teachers plan educational program at the Battlefield. During the 1 week experiences at the Battlefield based on event 32 schools brought 1,003 stu- three factors. First, teachers prefer to dents to the Battlefield and additional bring students to the Battlefield during schools were turned down due to a the period of the year that the students lack of capacity to handle the number are studying the topic enhanced by of students. Eleven of the participat- the Battlefield fieldtrip, which tends ing schools were from targeted Wayne to be between late October and May. County impoverished school dis- Second, teachers like to bring students tricts and ranged from the 2nd grade around significant historic event to 12th grade. Programs during the anniversaries, which for the Park is late pilot education days were provided September, December, and January. through a series of themed stations. Third, teachers like to bring students Each program was presented by either to the Park for educational experiences volunteers or Battlefield staff. A total of towards the end of the school year approximately 10 trained people (vol- (March, April, May, and early June). unteers or staff) are required to pro- Due to the time of year teachers prefer vide a full-day educational experience park-based educational experience for 200 students. Overall, in FY 2013 the Park’s educational programs are 2,078 students from 59 schools visited highly restricted by the available space the Battlefield for formal educational and weather. The Visitor Center can programs. This was an increase of accommodate only 2 groups of 50 121% over the previous year. Based on students at a time. In the spring, it is surveys of the teachers, nearly 100% of not uncommon to have between 100 the students were first-time visitors to and 200 students at the Battlefield in the Battlefield. Due to the Battlefields

National Park Service 21 one day. The served 19 school group Gas Utility. This program provides on-site for full-day field trips in 2011, school transportation scholarships in 2012, 69 in 2013 and 73 474 in 2014. to Title 1 schools in Monroe and With appropriate space and staff/ Wayne Counties in Michigan to visit volunteer capacity the Park could the Battlefield. Over 4,000 students significantly increase the number of have benefited from the Ticket to Ride students reached through on-site program over the first two years. educational programs. The America’s Best Idea and Impact The Park Stewards program is programs have been funded through funded by the generous support of the the generous support of the National National Park Foundation through the Park Foundation through L.L. Bean, University of Phoenix, and links science DISNEY, the Anschutz Foundation, the and math to park subjects. The park Ahmanson Foundation, ARAMARK, created numerous educational products the Yawkey Foundation, and the in partnership with educators and Fernandez Pave the Way Foundation. students as a part of the Park Stewards This program has connected teach- Program including a student\teachers ers and students with the Battlefield trail guide, Canon curriculum, and through curriculum development, field service learning programs including trips, virtual educational programs, and air, water, and soil quality monitoring. pod casts. As a part of the service learning urban students learn how the Battlefield was Interpretive Programs and The Clash of Powers programs restored after use as an industrial site Projects were presented by the and are challenged with finding creative The River Raisin National Battlefield Monroe Community Players, a solutions to urban blight. collaborator in education. Park Foundation, Inc. sales outlet provides educational material which visitors can use to illuminate their park visit, and as take-home learning tools.

• River Raisin Battlefield Driving Tour by Ralph Naveaux is a featured sales item. Naveaux uses select Historical Markers from the “War of 1812 Series in the Monroe area” and other scenic and historical landmarks as destinations on the driving tour. The tour is broken down into three manageable drives: the Northern, East-West, and Southern tours.

• Invaded on all Sides by Ralph Naveaux provides a comprehensive and compelling presentation of the complex story of the River Raisin Ticket to Ride scholarships have battles. been funded by the National Park • A wide range of educational books Foundation and matched by the and other educational souvenirs Community Foundation of Monroe are available in addition to the two County, Monroe County Bicentennial items mentioned above. Commission, DTE, and Michigan

22 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan The Active Trails Program has been funded through the generous support of the National Park Foundation through Coca-Cola and the Coca- Cola Foundation. This program has developed park trails, developed park brochures and children’s activities, promoted healthy living through new large park events, increased volunteerism, resulted in program development, and advanced the mission of the Battlefield’s interpretive programs. The Monroe County Bicentennial Committee, Michigan Memorial Park, River Raisin National Battlefield Park Foundation, Friends of the River Raisin, By-Design Graphic Art and Marketing and many others have contributed to the Active British\Canadian, U.S. citizen, and a Ranger-led programs encourage students to explore the Trails Program. Major Muskrat, National Park Ranger. The life-sized character is played by a person inside battlefield while considering the Battlefield’s official mascot was the convergence of cultures at created as a part of the Battlefield’s the costume that cannot talk and has the site. educational programs funded through limited vision. The Major is accompa- the Active Trails program. The Active nied by two to three other people who Trails program has resulted in the are in uniform or costume. One per- development of the Blaze the River son acts as the Major’s handler and is Raisin Heritage Trail program, the River responsible for ensuring the Major does Raisin VISA program, the Footprints not fall, is not pulled over by children, is in Habitat GeoCache Trail program, aware of what is going on around him, the Where it Happened GeoCache is positioned well for photos, and can Trail program, and the Plant Discovery safely move from one point to another. program. Each of the programs were The second person’s job is to aid the developed by the Superintendent Major in communicating, to speak for with the assistance of park guides, the Major by engaging the audiences, volunteers, and graphic designers. and to ensure the interpretive mes- sages of the Battlefield are expressed. Major Muskrat Mascot is a larger- The third person is responsible for than-life costumed character that was photographing the Major with all of his developed to create connections be- friends to be posted on the Battlefield’s tween the Battlefield and youth. Major Major Muskrat Facebook page. Muskrat’s job is to advocate and teach people about the Battlefield. Major Major Muskrat has been the center- Muskrat has been nick-named Major piece for the Battlefield parade float Magnet because of the continuous re- including appearances at the Holland quests for him to participate in commu- Tulip Festival where the Battlefield nity events. Major Muskrat is a highly received the Governor’s award, the Ida effective educational tool that exists as Christmas Parade, and Boots to Roots a life-sized character and as a fictional parade in Amherstburg Canada. Major print character that takes on the five Muskrat has also visited various camps, main personas of the Battles includ- schools, competitions, events, and pro- ing French Habitant, American Indian, grams throughout the region.

National Park Service 23 Major Muskrat uses a variety of tech- Michigan and Kentucky Archives, vari- niques to engage audiences in learning ous university libraries, and many other about the Battles including discovery locations. These locations hold docu- items (replica artifacts) designed to ments and maps, some yet undiscov- have students ask questions, and social ered, which can add authenticity, bal- media. Photographs are taken of visi- ance, and correctness to historical facts. tors with Major Muskrat and they are Battlefield volunteers Jami Keegan, then directed to the Battlefield’s social Dean and Mary Bodine, Bill Saul, Rusty media and websites to learn more about Davis, and others have been involved in the Park. The Major is also used exten- research locating, acquiring, organizing, sively to broaden public awareness in and digitizing materials related to the the community about the Battlefield Battlefield’s resources. and to engage students during virtual educational programs. The Battlefield Logos continues to work with educators to • Major Muskrat is a larger-than- further expand the educational impact life sized mascot which makes a of Major Muskrat. majority of his contacts through Historic Research and Reference special events. The Major Muskrat The Outdoor Explorer program Materials concerning the Battlefield character has a Facebook page. integrates safety, health, and learning with recreational exist at the National Archives and • Major Muskrat is also a cartoon activities. Records Administration, State of character used on publications and posters. This cartoon image is adapted to address specific events, subject matter, and audiences. Major Muskrat is owned jointly by the National Park Service and the River Raisin National Battlefield Foundation.

• “Remember the Raisin” is a historic phrase which can be used to address multiple concepts.

• The Battlefield has a sled cannon logo that was adopted during the first year of operation from the Friends of the River Raisin Battlefield, who have a similar logo.

• The River Raisin National Battlefield Park Foundation has a logo representing the four major cultures that clashed in the Battles of the River Raisin including an arrowhead representing American Indians, an Eagle representing the United States, a French home representing the French Habitants and a sled cannon representing the British.

24 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Special Events In the first years of operations, the Battlefield has experimented with a wide range of special events to reach out to a broad audience, and to increase U.S. citizens’ literacy with the War of 1812. Following is a description of sev- eral recent programs:

• Old French Noel! A French Colonial Christmas celebration held in partnership with the Friends of the River Raisin Battlefield and LaCroix Company. The event includes French traditions such as the yule log, storytelling, cooking, children’s with the Friends of the River Park mascot Major Muskrat poses for a photo on Lake Erie activities, etc. The programs were Raisin, the City of Monroe, and LaCroix Company. Many re- as the US Brig Niagara sails presented by the Friends of the past. Major Muskrat has his River Raisin, LaCroix Company, enactment groups participate in own Facebook page, which and volunteers. the event each year. encourages creative social media interactions with youth. • Christmas and Women’s Teas have • Battlefield Open House and included programs on native herbs Encampment has been held and teas, Women on the River each May and includes period Raisin, and live traditional music. re-enactors and demonstrations. The Teas have been presented by The Open House programming volunteers and park staff. is presented by park volunteers, the Friends of the River Raisin • Clash of Powers – A Walk Through Battlefield, LaCroix Company, and Time was a two-day event with 14 park staff. one act plays depicting different aspects of the Battles of the River • Annual United States Military Raisin from Native American Band Concert. For the past two Life on the Shores of Lake Erie years the Battlefield has had to Winchester’s Rebuttal. Each a United States military band play was performed ten times for perform at the battlefield in honor a total of 140 performances. The of all veterans and members of the programs were presented by the U.S. Armed Forces. This has been Monroe Community Players, a down both as a stand-alone event collaborator in education. and in combination with other events. • An Annual Commemoration is held each January to remember • Black Powder demonstration days the events of the Battlefield and have been held throughout the the sacrifices that were made. summer months in partnership The Commemoration includes with the LaCroix Company. The tactical demonstrations, musket Park’s Chief of Interpretation and and cannon salutes, guest speakers, Education serves as the Certified flag raising ceremony, and special Historic Weapons Demonstration programs. The Commemoration and Black Powder Safety Specialist has been conducted in partnership and ensures all demonstrations

National Park Service 25 within the Park’s boundary meet Scout-o-Ramas. National Park safety requirements. The Battlefield has also been • The Battlefield has held many trail assisted by other National Park events including Blaze the River Black Powder Safety Specialists Raisin Heritage Trail. during major special events. • The Battlefield has had several • Children’s craft days have been other smaller programs such as held that focus on teaching children volunteer militia days, Frenchtown about historic Frenchtown and the Fall Festivities, and much more. battlefield through the eyes of a • The Liberation of Frenchtown child. These programs are provided event was sponsored by the by Park volunteers and staff. National Park Foundation and • American Indian storytelling and drew over 3,000 people to the games days have been presented by Battlefield during the one day park volunteers, American Indian of activities. Programs were tribal members, and park staff. presented by the Monroe Community Players, volunteers, • The Battlefield helped initiate a and park staff. Pow Wow in Monroe County that has now run three consecutive Media Developed by the years at the Monroe County Battlefield or in Collaboration Community College. • Site Bulletins

• The Battlefield held a “Prepare to - River Raisin National Battlefield Additional data generated Defend” event that commemorated Park through a historic resource the mustering of militias and the - National Park War of 1812 Sites study and a cultural landscape construction of Hull’s Trace. Park inventory/study will help staff developed and presented - River Raisin National Battlefield identify and define the programs in partnership with Park Area Attractions potential opportunity for the volunteers and the LaCroix restoration of the cultural - Hull’s Trace (under landscape at the battlefield Company. development) site. Such restoration would • War of 1812 Driving Tour – In increase the opportunities for • The Battlefield has worked closely the interpretive and education with the Boy Scouts of America collaboration with the Motor City potential at the park. and hosted two camporees and National Heritage Area • Battlefield Unigrid – In collaboration with Harpers Ferry Center

• Children’s Activities

- Blaze the River Raisin Heritage Trail – In partnership with By Design Graphic Arts and Marketing and the National Park Foundation - Battlefield Scavenger Hunt developed by park staff - Major Muskrat’s Plant Discovery – In partnership with the National Park Foundation 26 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan - River Raisin Heritage Trail - To the River Raisin – Freeing VISA program developed in Frenchtown (11:17) partnership with the Monroe - Choices – 15 year-old Evening News, Monroe County Midshipman John Richardson Community College, and (3:09) By Design Graphic Art and Marketing - Capture of General Winchester (8:55) - Where it Happened and Footprints in Habitat - Defense of Family – The GeoCache Trails – developed Elizabeth Knaggs Anderson in collaboration with Michigan Story (7:11) Memorial Park, the National - A National Calamity – Park Foundation, River Raisin Remembering the Raisin National Battlefield Park Through the Eyes of General Foundation, and By Design Harrison (7:34) Graphic Art and Marketing - General Harrison’s Views of The Battlefield does not currently Chief Tecumseh (3:08) have a traditional Junior Ranger - You Decide – Winchester’s program, but does offer young Rebuttal (13:15) visitors the opportunity to earn a Junior Ranger badge by completing - The Molding of an Infamous two of the above activities or one Military Leader – Young George activity and attending a ranger-led Custer (4:24) program. - White House Views on the War Through the Eyes of Dolley • Rack Cards – were developed by Madison –Portraits of the White park staff and By Design Graphic House (1:00) Art and Marketing and funded in collaboration with the Monroe - White House Views on the War County Historical Society Through the Eyes of Dolley Madison – Preparation and - River Raisin National Battlefield Support of the War Effort (1:02) Park - White House Views on the War - River Raisin National Battlefield Through the Eyes of Dolley Park – Major Muskrat Edition Madison – Trade, Industry, & - Event Rack Cards Commerce (2:09) • River Raisin Heritage Trail - White House Views of the War Brochure – Developed in Through the Eyes of Dolley collaboration with the Monroe Madison – White House Recipes County Historical Society, Monroe (1:27) Evening News, and the National - White House Views on the Park Foundation War Through the Eyes of Dolley Madison – Torpedo • Podcasts (28) – Developed in Development (1:12) collaboration with the National Park Foundation, Monroe County - White House Views on the War Intermediate School District, and Through the Eyes of Dolley Monroe Community Players Madison – Old Iron Side (1:29) - White House Views on the War - Invasion of Canada – General Through the Eyes of Dolley Hull’s Proclamation (5:33) Madison – Native American

National Park Service 27 Partnerships and Collaborating Entities River Raisin National Battlefield Park is mandated by its enabling legislation (Public Law 111-11_ to consider opportunities for involvement and support for the Park by State, county, and local government entities and nonprofit organizations and other interested parties. The following entities are currently working with the National Park Service to ensure the Battlefield is preserved, restored, and interpreted:

Retired National Park Service Meeting at the White House Federally Recognized American Indian Director Mary Bomar guided (0:48) Nations and Foreign Governments: the development of the - White House Views on the War Battlefield Foundation in 2012. • Canadian Consulate General Through the Eyes of Dolley Madison – Council of Orders • Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Rescinded by Great Britain (1:17) Oklahoma - White House Views on the War • Little Traverse Bay Band of Odawa Through the Eyes of Dolley Indians Madison – Reasons for War/ • Match-e-be-nash-she-wish Band Declaration of War (4:38) of Potawatomi Indians of Michigan - White House Views on the War • Miami Tribe of Oklahoma Through the Eyes of Dolley • Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Madison – Louisiana Purchase/ Potawatomi Indians Invasion of Canada (1:44) • Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma - Birth of Tecumseh’s Confederation (3:58) • Parks Canada (Fort Malden and City of Windsor sites) - Story of Angelique Martin Charland – Protecting a • Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Wounded Kentucky Soldier Indians (0:50) • Seneca-Cayuga Tribe - Native American Life – A • Shawnee Tribe Wyandot (Huron Legend (4:32) • Wyandotte Nation of Oklahoma - Forging New Relationships (7:08) The Park needs to engage several additional Federally Recognized - Melding of Cultures (3:04) American Indian Nations that are - Naming of the River Raisin connected to the history related to the (0:53) Battlefield. - Berries and Frontier Cooking Collaborating Government (2:15) Agencies - Tale of a French Child and Chief • Brownstown Township, Michigan Tecumseh (4:46) • City of Detroit (Parks and - Divided Loyalties – Saving James Recreation Department) Knaggs (4:28) 28 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan • City of Monroe, Michigan Collaborating United States • Frenchtown Township, Michigan Congressional Offices and State of Michigan Congressional Offices • Kentucky Army National Guard • Michigan State Representative Bill • Lake Erie and Huron River LaVoly (MI-17) Metroparks • Michigan State Representative • LaSalle Township, Michigan Jason Sheppard (MI-56) • Michigan Army National Guard • Michigan State Senator Coleman • Michigan Army National Guard – Young, II (MI-04) 126th Band • Michigan State Senator Dale Zorn • Michigan Department of (MI-17) Environmental Quality • Michigan State Senator Hoon- • Michigan Department of Natural Yung Hopgood (MI-06) Resources • Michigan State Senator Rangy • Michigan Department of Richardville (retired) Transportation • United States Congressman John • Michigan Economic Development Dingell (retired) Authority & Pure Michigan • United States Congressman Tim • Michigan Historic Preservation Walberg Commission • United States Congresswoman • Michigan War of 1812 Bicentennial Debbie Dingell Commission • United States Senator Carl Levin • Monroe County, Michigan (retired) • Monroe Township, Michigan • United States Senator Debbie • National Park Service sites Stabenow W2 including Sleeping Bear Dunes Collaborating Educational National Lakeshore, Indiana Institutions Dunes National Lakeshore, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, • Central Michigan University Motor Cities National Heritage • Eastern Michigan University Area, North Country National • College Members of the Anderdon Scenic Trail, and Perry’s Victory Tribe of the Wyandot Nation International Peace Memorial • Michigan State University visited the park in 2014. • National Prisoner of War Museum • Port of Monroe, Michigan • Toledo Metroparks • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service – Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge • United States Navy Band of the Great Lakes • US Army Corps of Engineers • Wayne County, Michigan • William C.

National Park Service 29 • Lake Erie Transit • La-Z-Boy • Legionary Corps • Mercy Memorial Hospital System • Michigan Gas Utility • Michigan Historic Preservation Network • Midwest Landscaping • Monroe Bank and Trust • Monroe College - Community Symphonic Band • Monroe Community Players • Monroe County 4-H • Monroe County Art League • Monroe County Brownfield Redevelopment Authority • Monroe County Chamber of Commerce The land owned and • Monroe County Community • Monroe County Community managed by the National College Park Service includes the Foundation • Monroe County Intermediate site where the historic • Monroe County Convention and School District events of January 1813 Tourism Bureau took place. The larger • Monroe Technical High School extent of the battles of • Monroe County Historical River Raisin includes • University of Michigan Commission and Museum landscape features and • University of Michigan Dearborn geographic locations that • Monroe County Historical Society are not currently owned or • • Monroe County Library System managed by the National • Wayne County Regional Park Service. • Monroe County War of 1812 Educational Services Agency Bicentennial Steering Committee • Wayne State University • Monroe Downtown Development Collaborating Organizations Authority • 2nd U.S. Regiment • National Park Foundation (the Official Non-profit Partner of the • American Manufacturing National Park Service) Operations • National Society United States • Boy Scouts of America Daughters of 1812 & Michigan • Downriver Community Chapter Conference (DCC) Brownfield • Northwest Army Engineering Consortium Corps • DTE Energy Corporation • Reflections by Carey • Fiddle Six • River Raisin National Battlefield • Frenchtown Fiddlers Park Foundation, Inc. (the • Friends of the River Raisin Battlefield’s Official Non- Battlefield profit partner and Cooperating

30 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Association) • Fallen Timbers Battlefield and Fort • The “LaCroix’s Company” Miamis National Historic Site – Metro Parks of Toledo • The Lost Art Crafters • United Way of Monroe County • Historic Park • VFW Post 1138 • Fort Malden National Historic Site, • Wyandot of Anderdon Nation Amherstburg Canada • Wyandot of Kansas Nation • Fort Meigs, Ohio

Collaborators in Media • La-Z-Boy’s Corporate Museum • Cumulus Radio • Mackinac Island State Park • Monroe Evening News • Monroe Public Access Television • Maumee Valley Heritage Corridor • Pure Michigan • Monroe County Historical • The Detroit News and Detroit Free Museum Press “YAK’s” Corner • Sawyer Homestead • The Paul W. Smith Show • The Detroit River International • Toledo Blade Wildlife Refuge

Visitor Destination Programs • The Monroe County Library That Overlap with River Raisin System NBP • The River Raisin Heritage Corridor River Raisin National Battlefield Park East – City of Monroe Recreation is not mandated to cross promote or and Master Plan advance the mission of other organiza- tions, but does currently benefit greatly Additional cross collaboration with by cross collaboration with: associated sites is strongly encouraged.

Performers at the 2014 Spirits of the River Raisin Trail event.

National Park Service 31 impoverished populations. In Wayne County alone there are 76 priority schools. Because of the Battlefield’s strategic location, it is positioned to be a major contributor to the National Park Service’s goals to connect people to parks and to advance the National Park Service educational mission.

River Raisin National Battlefield park was officially visited by 36,366 people in 2011, 50,507 people in 2012, 57,464 people in 2013, and 55,281 people in 2014. Due to the developmental and urban nature of the Battlefield it receives many visitors that are not accounted for.

The Park received visitors from all 49 states (all but Hawaii), 1 U.S. Territory, and 19 different countries in 2014. Since the Park began operations in 2011 (in 3.5 years) the Battlefield has Target Populations Audience Profiles received visitors from all 50 states, 2 U.S. Territories and 27 foreign countries River Raisin National Battlefield Park 1-Hour Drive including (those in BOLD visited in is located within a 3-hour drive of 7,359,000 2014): Australia, Austria, Belgium, 18,968,000 people including those Canada, Chile, China (Hong-Kong), 2-Hour Drive living in Detroit, Ann Arbor, Lansing, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, 9,076,000 Flint, Toledo, Windsor, London, England/United Kingdom, Finland, Cleveland, and many other major cities 3-Hour Drive France, Germany, Ghana, Ireland, in the United States and Canada. Within 18,968,000 Japan, Netherlands, Nova Scotia, a 2-hour drive there are 9,076,000 Philippines, Poland, Russia, Scotland, people and within a 1-hour drive there Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, are 7,359,000 people. Approximately 5 and Thailand. million school children live within a 50 mile radius of the Battlefield’s head- Based on visitor logbook entries, in Monthly Visitation to quarters. Many of these children are 2014, 69% of Battlefield visitors were River Raisin NBP from underrepresented, minority, and from Michigan compared to 74%

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

32 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan in 2013 and 73% in 2012 indicating following four graphs is drawn from a higher percentage of out-of-state survey results conducted by partner visitors are coming to the Battlefield. organizations during recent Ticket to Only 16.5% of Michigan visitors were Float and Active Trails events.” from Monroe County. Ohio visitors accounted for 8% of the 2014 visitation Underserved urban youth were the compared with 9% in 2013 and 10% target audience for the Youth Kayak in 2012. Foreign visitation increased program. The highest concentration of to 2.14% in 2014 compared to 1.7% in participants was from Metro Detroit. 2013 and 1.9% in 2012. Survey results have indicated that The National Park Service has not events and activities are very important conducted any visitor surveys since to attract regional visitors, but are not initiating operations in 2011, but necessary to attract national and inter- partner organizations including the national visitors. The following charts National Park Foundation and River indicate what visitors are attending Raisin National Battlefield Park Park organized events and activities. Foundation have. The visitor data in the

Underserved urban youth were the target audience for the Youth Kayak program.

National Park Service 33 Age of Visitors Attending Active Trails Events Individuals represent many interests, and include: • American Indians Under 25 • Business groups 25-35 • Canadian visitors • Descendants of combatants 40-59 • Descendants of Frenchtown inhabitants 60-79 • Foreign visitors • History and early U.S. history 80 plus enthusiasts • Local businesses • Local residents • Military park enthusiasts • National Park enthusiasts (Passport Stamp collectors) • Non-English speaking visitors Gender of Visitors at Active Trails Events • Organized tour groups • Travelers Youth Groups are organized groups of younger visitors, and include: Male • Boy and Girl Scouts Female • Community day camps (City Parks, YMCA, Salvation Army, etc.) Trangender • Curriculum-based groups of students • ROTC Researchers represent many interests including: • Agriculture • American Indians • U.S. Military Race of Visitors at Active Trails Events • Archeologists • Cartography • Chemistry • Culinary Arts Black • Economics • Ethnography (Metis, French, and Hispanic American Indian) • Genealogists Caucasion • Historians • Historic Preservation • Hospitality • Landscape Architecture • Mathematics • Re-enactors

34 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Current Programs and Media The park is actively engaged in presenting and producing numerous programs and media which are targeted to the interests of various audiences. The following list identifies current programs and media, and the audiences which they serve.

Program: Audiences: Presenters: A Soldier’s Notes from Michigan’s Big Battle Youth Groups &Researchers Educators Air Quality Youth Groups Educators, Interns, &Staff American Indian Pow-Wow Individuals American Indians, Volunteers, & Staff Americans at the Round Table Youth Groups &Researchers Educators, Volunteers, & Staff Analyzing a Battlefield Map Youth Groups &Researchers Educators Annual Commemoration Individuals & Researchers Partners, Volunteers, & Staff Archeology Explorer Youth Groups Volunteers & Staff Battlefield Open House and Encampment Individuals Partners, Volunteers, & Staff Battlefield Orientation Individuals Volunteers & Staff Battlefield Scavenger Hunt Individuals & Youth Groups Volunteers & Staff Battlefield Unigrid Individuals Publication Battles of the River Raisin Pen Pal Project Youth Groups & Researchers Educators Bias of the Battles Youth Groups & Researchers Educators Black Powder demonstrations Individuals Partners, Volunteers, & Staff Blaze the River Raisin Heritage Trail Individuals Volunteers & Staff – Self-guided Bookstore Individuals, Youth Groups, &Researchers Volunteers & Staff Boy Scouts of America Camporees and Jamborees Youth Groups Partners, Volunteers, & Staff Children’s craft days Individuals Volunteers & Staff Christmas and Women’s Teas Individuals Partners, Volunteers, & Staff Clash of Powers Individuals Volunteers & Staff Exhibits – Visitor Center Individuals, Youth Groups, &Researchers Self-guided Footprints in Habitat GeoCache Trail Individuals & Youth Groups Volunteers & Staff – Self-guided Front Plaza Exhibits Individuals, Youth Groups, &Researchers Self-guided Fur Trading Individuals & Youth Groups Volunteers & Staff Garden Individuals, Youth Groups, &Researchers Volunteers & Staff Historic Markers Individuals, Youth Groups, &Researchers Self-guided Historic Research and Reference Materials Researchers Volunteers & Staff Information Desk Individuals, Youth Groups, & Researchers Volunteers & Staff Interpretive Trail Tour Individuals, Youth Groups, & Researchers Volunteers, Educators, & Staff It’s Not My Fault Researchers &Youth Groups Educators Letters From the Grave Researchers & Youth Groups Educators Liberation of Frenchtown Individuals & Researchers Volunteers, Partners, & Staff Major Muskrat Mascot Youth Groups & Individuals Volunteers & Staff Major Muskrat’s Plant Discovery Individuals, Youth Groups, and Researchers Volunteers & Staff Mini Militia Youth Groups Partners, Volunteers, &Staff Native American Storytelling Individuals & Youth Groups American Indians Old French Noel! Individuals Partners, Volunteers, & Staff Period Clothing Individuals & Youth Groups Volunteers & Staff Podcasts (28) Individuals & Youth Groups Self-guided Prepare to Defend – Declaration of War Individuals Volunteers & Staff Rack Card: River Raisin National Battlefield Park Individuals Publication – Michigan Welcome Centers Remember the Raisin Adventure Researchers & Youth Groups Educators River Raisin Heritage Trail VISA Program Individuals & Youth Groups Volunteers & Interns – Self-guided Site Bulletin: Hull’s Trace (under development) Individuals Publication Site Bulletin: National Park War of 1812 Sites Individuals & Researchers Publication

National Park Service 35 (Current Programs and Media continued)

Program: Audiences: Presenters: Site Bulletin: River Raisin National Battlefield Park Area Attractions Individuals Publication Site Bulletin: River Raising National Battlefield Park Individuals & Researchers Publication Soil Quality Youth Groups Educators & Staff The Ballistics of Artillery Youth Groups & Researchers Educators, Volunteers, & Staff Ticket to Float Youth Kayak Explorer Program Youth Groups & Researchers Educators, Volunteers, & Staff Treaty Negotiations Youth Groups & Researchers Educators, Interns, & STaff Volunteer Militia Days Individuals Volunteers & Staff War of 1812 Driving Tour Individuals & Researchers Self-guided Water Quality Youth Groups Educators, Interns, & Staff Where it Happened GeoCache Trail Youth Groups & Individuals Volunteers & Staff – Self-guided

The following media and programs are not targeted for specific groups, but rather are geared toward visitor experience goals: • United States Military Band concert s • Front porch exhibits • Rack Card: Events • River Raisin Heritage Trail brochure • River Raisin Heritage Trail events

Project Management Information System (PMIS) The park is currently addressing the Visitor Experience Goals by seeking funding for a range of interpretive programs and products. These can be found in the NPS Project Management Information System (PMIS) by their identification numbers.

The historic events at River Raisin National Battlefield are relevant to modern- day efforts toward cultural diversity.

36 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Visitor Experience Goal PMIS Project Identification Number Program: Audiences: Presenters: 1 Sufficient orientation to the site and within the site is provided. 177520 177701 177989 192042 192070 192179 2 The Battlefield offers a sense of being “in the real place.” 171059 192070 177520 200170 192033 200770 3 Audiences can sense the emotional depth of the conflict which compelled the battle. 171059 192070 177699 200770 177706 210035 177989 4 A range of contact with artifacts or reproductions, from hands-on programs to black powder 177699 192046 demonstrations and encampments, provides a rich level of access to the site on physical, sensory, and imagination levels. 177989 200770 5 Media and technology are fully integrated into visitor experience and operations. 177701 192046 177706 192070 177989 192179 192042 20036 6 Audiences contribute to the story. Co-creation of visitor experience is encouraged. 171059 192179 177520 200770 177699 210460 7 Audiences may access the park’s stories and resources through the park’s collaboration with 171059 192033 partners. 177520 192046 177604 200355 177699 200770 177989 8 Audiences discover topical connections across organizational and geographic boundaries. 177604 200355 192179 200770 9 Physical and virtual spaces are comfortable, accessible, attractive, welcoming. 177700 200355 177989 200362 192046 210229 10 Learning is available through experience and engagement as much as through formal 210460 192042 programming. 171059 192046 177604 192134 177699 192179 177701 200770 11 Local residents- especially children and families- find value in the site as a community resource. 177699 200362 192046 210229 192134 210460 200355

National Park Service 37 How mportant is it that the Battlefield hold events like the Liberation of Frenchtown

Very 38%

How Important Extremely 62% is it that the Battlefield Hold Somewhat 0% Events Like the Liberation of Not Very 0% Frenchtown? Not at all 0%

60% Rate the Quality of the 50% Liberation of Frenchtown 40% Event 30%

20%

10%

0% exceptional above average below poor average average

Opportunities Relating to Commemoration attended by over Interpretation 1,000 visitors and featuring over 200 re-enactors and numerous War of 1812 Bicentennial dignitaries. Commemorations of the bicentennial • January 2013 – Remembrances of of the War of 1812 are winding up as the War of 1812 Musical featuring of the writing of this LRIP in 2015. over 120 performers and musicians The Battlefield tested its limits as and attended by over 600 people. it sponsored complex, large-scale special events, and initiated working • War of 1812 Art Contest – 17 artists relationships with many partners and entered 28 pieces of art. collaborators. • September 28, 2013 – Liberation of The following special events took place Frenchtown attended by over 3,000 related to the Bicentennial: visitors and featuring over 430 musicians, 30 re-enactors, and over • November 2012- Reunion Play 20 volunteers supporting the event. performed by over 60 actors and musicians and attended by over The Liberation of Frenchtown 600 people. The Liberation of Frenchtown was a • January 2013 – 200th pilot event sponsored by the National

38 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Major Muskrat is a larger- than-life sized mascot which is employed in many outreach activities, including community parades, special events, and media appearances.

Park Foundation and many commu- The national initiatives have been nity organizations. This event com- outlined in “A Call to Action” which memorated and celebrated the return identifies four key themes and 36 of the Michigan Territory to the United actions to ready the agency for its States. As a part of the National Park 100th anniversary. The Park will be Foundation grant, a visitor survey was focusing on the following “Call to conducted during the Liberation of Action” themes and actions related to Frenchtown event. A total of 68 sur- Interpretation and Education: veys were completed representing 371 visitors’ views or about 12% of the total Theme: Connecting People to Parks event attendance. The surveys were Action Numbers administered randomly between 3 p.m. C2 Step by Step – Create deep and 7 p.m. by volunteers. 76% of visi- connections between younger tors surveyed came in groups of 2 to generations and parks 6 people, but individuals to groups as C3 History Lesson – Excite and large as 90 people were surveyed. 10% involve new audiences in history of the survey respondents said they discovery events were in groups larger than 8 people. 71% of the visitors were from outside C4 In My Back Yard – Improve urban Monroe and included a large percent- residents’ awareness and access to age from the Metro Detroit region. the Park 54% of visitors were female and 46% C5 Parks for People – Enhance the were male. 24% of visitors were under connection of densely populated, 18 years old, 6% were 18-34 years old, diverse communities to the Park 39% were 35-54 years old, 29% were 55-74 years old. C6 Take a Hike, Call Me in the Morning – Expand the health National Park Service Centennial community’s use of the Park 2016 C7 Next Generation Stewards – The National Park Service is preparing Create a new generation of citizen for the upcoming Centennial in 2016. scientists & stewards of the Park

National Park Service 39 A19 Out with the Old – Engage visitors with interactive interpretive experiences

A20 Scholarly Pursuits – Sponsor excellence in science and scholarship

Theme: Preserving America’s Special Places Action Numbers P23 Go Green – Reduce carbon footprint and increase renewable energy

P29 Posterity Partners – Engage the power of philanthropy and volunteerism

Historic weapons C9 Keep the Dream Alive – Foster Theme: Enhancing Professional and demonstrations are used to civic dialogue about the stories of Organizational Excellence Action help audiences grasp the the civil rights movement Numbers concept of the international battles that took place in the C10 Arts Afire – Showcase the meaning E30 Tools of the Trade – Provide local area. of the Park to new audiences employees the tools, training and through dance, music, visual arts, development needed to reach their writing, and social media full potential C12 Follow the Flow – Support E31 Destination Innovation – communities’ efforts to expand Accelerate the spread of ideas, access to water-based recreation encourage innovation, and inspire and to protect and restore collaboration waterways E32 Play it Safe – Empower employees C14 Value Added – Develop awareness to use critical thinking skills and to among the public of ways the embrace safety Park contributes to the economic vitality of our nation. E33 Home Grown – Recruit candidates that reflect the local community Theme: Advancing the NPS Education Mission Action Numbers The Park will work with 1217 sur- rounding communities to celebrate the A15 A Class Act – Help students Centennial of the National Park Service develop a deep understanding of in creative ways between 2015 and 2017. the Park

A16 Live and Learn – Provide multiple River Raisin Heritage Corridor ways for children to learn about East – City of Monroe Master Plan the Park & Recreation Plan There are several proposed future A17 Go Digital – Reach new audiences conditions in City of Monroe’s River and maintain a conversation Raisin History Corridor East Master digitally Plan that will change physical conditions A18 Ticket to Ride – Expand and the landscape around the park. opportunities for students to Those changes would have significant directly experience the Park bearing on resource protection and

40 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan visitor experience at the Battlefield. The sites in which three park themes can City of Monroe, River Raisin National be best addressed: Remember the Battlefield Park Foundation, and Raisin, Clash of Cultures, and Battle Monroe County Historical Society are for Supremacy. currently raising funding to implement the Corridor plan. Visitor routing, the Zone 3: Frenchtown Settlement sequence of stories, alternatives, and Stories relating to the Hull’s Trace, experiences on a larger scale will need Clash of Cultures and Battle for to be addressed as the site conditions Supremacy themes can be addressed change. Visitor experiences will need to within the Frenchtown Settlement. If be addressed through several venues, 17th Infantry encampment was set up including: at the east side of Zone 3, the contrast • Pedestrian Trails – land and water between French Town and the Military camp could provide an opportunity to • Requirements for the new visitor interpret Clash of Cultures. center • Signs and identity Zone 4: Reenactment • Theme zones Battle for Supremacy could be ad- dressed in the reenactment zone. In Interpretive Activity Zones references to reenactments, it is neces- sary to clarify that reenactments must The City of Monroe, in partnership occur on non-park lands, as reenact- with community residents and organizations, has created an ambitious plan (the River Raisin Heritage Corridor East – Master Plan) to develop for interpretive, educational and cultural tourism purposes a large segment of the Park’s core battlefield area. The River Raisin National Battlefield Park Foundation, Inc. serves as the key non-profit arm responsible for supporting the Battlefield in Monroe and Wayne counties and for developing the Corridor. The map indicates the City of Monroe’s desired future activity areas according to the community plan.

The seven zones which have been identified for the City of Monroe’s History Corridor – East Master Plan provide a footprint by which the park can address interpretive themes.

Zone 1: Visitor Center All park themes can be addressed at the Visitor Center through media and personal services.

Zone 2: Peace Gardens The Peace Gardens and Chapel are

National Park Service 41 ments are prohibited in all parks (see Western Lake Erie NPS Management Policies 7.5.9). It is Geography appropriate however, to conduct Living History Programs on park lands. The following points on Lake Erie have public access in some form. This fact Zone 5: Waterfront Development may be instrumental in preserving the This zone would serve as a community park’s Fundamental Value, “Areas of venue, not necessarily for park the Battlefield Landscape outside the interpretation. However, the venue Park Boundary.” could be developed in a way that supports Park interpretive themes. • Hull’s Road (Corduroy Road), Point Mouillee SGA Zone 6: Entertainment • La Plaisance Bay Landing, Raisin This zone would serve as a community Point (MDNR Boat Launch) venue, but will also support park interpretation. Programs within the • Plum Creek Crossing, Raisin Point, entertainment venue can be used to MDNR Boat Launch address all Park interpretive themes • South Otter Creek Crossing, and signage can support the Battle for Toledo Beach, FWS/DRINR/SGA Supremacy, Remember the Raisin, and Clash of Clash of Cultures themes. • Stony Creek Crossing, Stony Point (Point Aux Peaux), SGA Zone 7: Greenway The Greenway provides appropriate Research Needs interpretation of Hull’s Trace and the • A Cultural Landscape Report Battle for Supremacy (2nd day). The is being conducted which will American Indian Confederation and recommend plantings such as corn, other themes can be addressed on agricultural crops, wild grapes, theme-specific trails throughout the orchards, and Judas trees. City of Monroe’s Plan. • A Historic Resource Study is

Role playing is used to help students relate to the human element of the historic conflict.

42 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Archeological evidence has the potential to yield information important to the understanding of historic events. Painting by Tim Kurtz.

started in 2013 and should be and for the future is needed. completed in FY16.. • A Collection Management Plan • Coordination of the development is needed to provide a set of of a database of artifacts, guidelines and recommendations manuscripts, digital files between for improving the park’s collection the park, the Monroe County management. Historical Museum, NARA, and the Monroe County Library is • Numerous specific primary underway. source studies for all American Indian Tribes and various • A Trail Plan (water and land) for other interpretive themes are the park in conjunction with other needed. Research related to the area trails is needed. Wyandotte, Shawnee, Ottawa/ Odawa, Potawatomi, and Metis are • A Wayside Exhibit Plan in underway. conjunction with multiple political sub-divisions within Monroe and Wayne counties is needed.

• A Visitor Experience Plan, in conjunction with multiple political sub-divisions within Monroe and Wayne counties is needed.

• A Battlefield Preservation and Cooperative Management Plan is needed.

• A Scope of Collections Statement to define the park museum’s collection holdings at the present National Park Service 43 Recommendations

44 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Recommendations 3. Knowledge Base Develop a focused primary source Summary of Recommendations research strategy to expand content As one of the nation’s newest National development and understanding. Parks that is located within a densely 4. Cultural Landscape populated metropolitan area the park is faced with growing pressures Landscape treatment of the for new and expanded interpretive cultural landscape will improve and educational programming. As a visitor experience, accessibility, young NPS Unit, the Park is limited in and understanding of the meeting these demands by drastically Battlefield’s cultural appearance low levels of paid staff. Low staffing immediately following the battles. levels are compounded by very small Restoration will take place after public space in the repurposed house the completion of a Cultural that serves as the Headquarters and Landscape Inventory and Report Visitor Center. The Battlefield has and appropriate compliance. been highly creative in developing and 5. Visitor Education Center delivering interpretive and educational services within its tight constraints. Construct a visitor education center or identify partnership to Recommendations developed by provide a visitor education center. this Long-Range Interpretive Plan directly address the park’s three Visitor Shared History Experience Goals. The following 6. Social Media and Web-Based efforts should be employed to Interpretive Strategy continue to build robust interpretive and educational programs while Develop a robust social media and overcoming the challenges of low web-based interpretive strategy staffing levels and small public spaces that provides interactive learning at the Visitor Center: opportunities, to encourage additional interest in the Park Access to Park Resources and and associated stories as well as Values broadening the Park’s outreach efforts. Partner-led social media 1. Educational Programs tied into the Park’s website and Expand educational programs social media sites can effectively within 50 miles of the Park enhance the Park’s social media headquarters. Develop and and web-based capacity. use more distance learning opportunities for students to 7. Cooperative Management Plan learn using park resources. Park Develop a multi-jurisdictional partners, volunteers, and staff Cooperative Management Plan that can work together to develop and includes visitor wayfinding signage, deliver learning opportunities. interpretive wayside exhibits, and visitor experience objectives. 2. Electronic Access Create a web-accessible 8. Historic / Scenic Byway thematically-organized electronic Participate in the creation of a database of images, historic Hull’s Trace 1812 Historic / Scenic documents, and text files. Byway.

National Park Service 45 Viability institutes that allow teachers 9. Planning to learn how to effectively use Battlefield resources to enhance Develop a Wayside Exhibit student learning. Workshops Plan, Exhibit Plan, Educational should be developed to Curriculum Plan, and Interpretive provide incentives to teachers and Educational Program Plan. for participating like earning 10. Volunteer-in-Parks Program continuing education credits. Focus capacity on building an even 12. Cooperating Association more robust volunteer-in-parks Agreement program. While the core volunteer The Park must, with the assistance program must be managed by of the Regional Office, formalize capable Park staff, efforts should the Cooperating Association be made to recruit and train Agreement. Once the agreement is Lead Volunteers that will take in place, the Park should promote responsibility for developing and and encourage the growth of implementing programs such as educational sales. All proceeds children craft activities, children’s should be used to further enhance discovery events, holiday festivities, interpretive and educational etc. Park partners should be programs of the Park. strongly engaged in the volunteer program to aid in support, 13. Fundraising Agreement with recruitment, training, recognition, Friends Group retention, and other volunteer The park must, with the assistance program activities. of the Regional Office, formalize 11. Teacher-Led Educational a fundraising agreement with Experiences the Friends of River Raisin Develop teacher-led educational National Battlefield Park, the experiences at the Battlefield non-profit friends groups started similar to the Treaty of Ghent and to support the preservation, Springwells programs. Design education, volunteer, interpretive a series of teacher professional and development components development workshop or of the Battlefield. Battlefield

The Battlefield continues to work with educators to further expand the educational impact of Major Muskrat.

46 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Artistic renderings of historic scenes are helpful for audiences who are learning about pre-photograph time periods such as the War of 1812. Painting of Wayne Stockade by Fran Madel.

Foundation has achieved more than most other National Parks tremendous success as a new 501 in the Midwest Region due to being c3 non-profit organization. The located within the Detroit pay area. (A Battlefield Foundation should be GS-09 step 1 makes $25.21 per hour at encouraged to develop earned the Park compared to $23.19 in most income sources that support the areas of the Midwest Region). This cost Battlefield’s interpretive themes. difference was not addressed when the Ensuring the sustainability of the Park was established and has resulted Battlefield Foundation will help in significantly reduced capacity to ensure the continued success and have higher graded staff to meet critical sustainability of the Park. needs. The Park’s budget of $595,000 is equivalent to a budget of $541,450 in Interpretive and Educational other areas of the Midwest Region. Base Funding Investment Priorities Strategy for Development of Base funding increases should focus on Park Signage hiring a full-time volunteer program Signs are the most frequently used manager, one journeyman level means of communicating with park Park Ranger\Education Specialist to visitors. Entrance signs offer greetings, develop programs and special events welcoming visitors, and reminding and oversee park guide activities, them that the place they are entering and one additional permanent park is part of a system of parks cared for guide to ensure 7-day coverage at the by the National Park Service. Other Battlefield visitor center. The lack signs guide visitors as they travel to or of a journeymen level Interpreter within parks, help them understand and and VIP Coordinator are critical appreciate what they encounter, remind weakness for the Park. In addition them of their role in caring for parks, to permanent staffing, the Battlefield warn them of potential dangers, identify should use a robust seasonal and important landmarks, and help them student employment program to add have a convenient and pleasant stay. capacity for programming during peak visitor periods and peak educational The NPS Sign Program provides programming periods of the year. design and fabrication guidelines for the full range of park signs. Sign Staffing at the Park costs on-average 9% Program standards provide flexibility

National Park Service 47 of form, material, and content, specifications needed to implement its allowing signs to be tailored to strategic recommendations. different park environments. The goal is for signs to strategically provide As the name suggests, a Sign Plan can critical information to visitors with address an entire park. Although a minimal disruption to the natural park-wide plan is certainly a worthy landscape. Ideally, sign graphics will goal, it is sometimes more practical follow standard NPS convention while to focus on a specific area or section materials are chosen to both withstand within the park. Over time, as budgets the park’s climate and fit in with its and other circumstances allow, the environment. smaller plans can be combined into a single comprehensive plan. In fact, The success of park signs is more a sign plan can be very helpful — assured if they are not developed perhaps essential — in obtaining individually, but are the result funding to purchase signs. of a broad, deliberate, and well- documented sign communication Having an area or park-wide plan in strategy. In the case of the Battlefield, place allows signs to be ordered in development of a sign strategy within a logical and orderly fashion once the larger Heritage Corridor-East funds become available. Signs can be Master Plan is important. Signs purchased by type (signs of the same addressed in the standards include kind in a given place), by area (all motorist guidance signs both in, and signs in a given place), or by attrition leading to, parks; traffic regulatory (as deterioration requires). Finally, in signs; park and facility identification addition to aiding in the purchase of signs; and other signs relating to safety, new signs, a sign plan can greatly assist wayfinding, resource protection, parks in accounting for signs after they interpretation, and general park are purchased, and in maintaining information. them over time.

Like Long-Range Interpretive Plans The content of a sign plan varies or General Management Plans, a Park depending on the extent of the area Sign Plan is invaluable in determining being considered and the type of signs how a park will communicate with being planned. Most, however, include its visitors and manage its assets. the following: However, unlike a GMP or LRIP Assessment Report: The planning — which can be quite broad — a process typically begins by evaluating Park Sign Plan includes the detailed and documenting the signs that are

Boy Scouts share their knowledge of outdoor skills with volunteers in period dress.

48 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan currently in place. The assessment and Park volunteers with the support also helps to establish its future of Park staff. needs. If, for example, most signs are communicating effectively, but are The needs of researchers fall into in poor physical condition, they may four broad categories: Documents simply be replaced with ones that (archives, texts of all kinds); Artifacts comply with current NPS and FHWA (objects created by and associated standards. If, on the other hand, a with human activity); Cultural park’s signs are not communicating Landscapes (landforms, sites, features, with visitors effectively, existing signs structures in which historical events may be replaced with newer ones and activities have taken place); and (with more current information) and Local Knowledge (including persons additional signs may be added or sign knowledgeable in the areas of the clutter may be deleted. researcher’s interests). The factors that attract researchers to River Once the assessment report has been Raisin NBP will focus on the War reviewed by the park, a sign plan is of 1812 in general and the Battles of developed, consisting of the following: Frenchtown in particular. However, just as researchers will contextualize Location Plan: The location of all new their River Raisin NBP-specific needs signs that are proposed (those that against larger frameworks, the River replace existing signs and those that Raisin NBP must contextualize its are altogether new) is indicated on a resources against other regional simple map of the park or park area resources. being planned. Each sign designated on the map is associated with a Following is a framework for drawing of it by a number code. identifying measurable outcomes for meeting the needs of researchers in Drawings: Every new sign proposed each of the four categories above. is documented in a drawing. The drawings depict the size and general A. Documents: Collect, catalog and appearance of the sign, including the disseminate all reference materials precise location of all the text or other in River Raisin NBP ownership. graphic content it displays. Notations This is best done as a digitization on the drawing specify how the sign project, with outputs in two forms: is to be made, including material and high-resolution graphic files, and color. Once the drawings have been machine-readable/searchable reviewed and approved by the park, text files. Note, however, that they become the principal component digitization is not preservation and of a sign order that guides sign requires a plan for migration and production. management.

A mini-sign plan for the newly There are several sites existing to acquired Hull’s Trace location is provide access to park museum attached as Appendix A. collections on the web:

Strategy for Research o The NPS Web Catalog (http:// museum.nps.gov/ParkIndex.aspx#. The following is a strategy for VTERXPnF-tY) has been in use for addressing the needs of Park research many years. and researchers, a primary park audience. This strategy should be o The NPS is currently partnering initially implemented through partners with the Cultural Institute

National Park Service 49 to post museum objects for the research. Being on the scene of the Centennial and beyond. action is not merely inspirational, it physically situates the researcher o Virtual Museum Exhibits can be in the physical context of the developed through the WASO- events, and clarifies the options, Museum Management Program resources, and constraints office (http://www.nps.gov/ operating on the historical actors. museum/). Interactive maps and virtual tours In addition, the hosting of the may prepare the visitor for an River Raisin NBP digital archives enhanced on-site experience, but should link the researcher to they are no substitute for it. For other regional archives: Monroe this reason, our group concurred Historical Society; Monroe that the reclamation of the cultural Public Library; Burton Historical landscape of January 1812 to Collection (Detroit Public as great an extent as possible, is Library), Clements Library and among the highest priorities. Bentley Library (both at U of M), D. Local Knowledge: A remarkable and so forth. amount of knowledge has been B. Artifacts: The collections owned preserved for two centuries and by the River Raisin NBP should more. Along with the partners likewise be accessibly cataloged, listed above, the River Raisin including high-res photographs NBP should facilitate collection and textual descriptions in a of oral histories, to collect insight Web-searchable (non-proprietary) into genealogy and lifeways of database. Where possible, links to descendant communities (French, other collections should give the Anglo-American, American researcher other options in the Indian). Oral histories conducted region: Monroe Historical Society, for the park should be added to Detroit Historical Society, Lake the park’s museum collection. Erie Metropark, and so forth. This type of research will be beneficial to the development of C. Cultural Landscapes: This is where future museum exhibits. Regular River Raisin NBP makes its unique, programming at the River Raisin and strongest, contribution to NBP showcasing this knowledge

Battlefield staff visit schools prior to the students’ visit to the battlefield, in order to increase site recognition and encourage learning goals.

50 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan should include, where permitted 2,574 square feet of visitor orientation, and feasible, the creation of education, exhibits, educational accessible video archives (a River sales space including one office and Raisin NBP YouTube channel?). restrooms. The public space of the visitor center is a renovated old E. Databases: River Raisin NBP home with a small 800 square foot should consider using already- addition to the north. The renovated existing NPS databases – like and expanded home has structural IRMA (While initially focused limitations that force the space to be on natural resource-related broken into six different smaller areas. information, IRMA has broadened Because of the small cooped up spaces its scope to encompass all types exhibits do not have a thematic flow. of park resource data. The Data The space does not meet accessibility Store now contains thousands requirements or fire safety standards of documents related to park and is inadequate to tell the complex cultural resources and history) or stories of the Battles and Aftermath. NPS Libris databases – instead Due to the small size, when school of inventing a different/new groups are present the visiting public’s interpretive database. experience is greatly impacted due to Conclusion: While other entities disruptions and the inability to access in the area have extensive archival all exhibits. The visitor center has no and artifact collections, the Park storage for critical program and visitor is unique in having the cultural use equipment like wheelchairs, tables, landscape itself. Restoring the chairs, teaching aids, period uniforms landscape, and conducting and clothing, and the many other items interpretive activities with needed to have a vibrant interpretive knowledgeable informants within and educational program. The visitor the context of the landscape, is a center lacks space for an interpretive high priority activity in the long- library, research materials, curatorial range planning process. Follow- storage, or imperative program up activities can concentrate development area (office). on developing comprehensive Exhibits in the visitor center only regional approaches to accessing scratch the surface of telling a portion all four types of research resources: of the interpretive themes from one linked websites, merged catalogs, perspective. Relatively unsuccessful publications, periodic symposia on attempts have been made to expand themes of common interest, etc. the representation of history from other perspectives. To be effective, the Visitor Education Center Park’s interpretive themes should be The existing visitor center building told from the following perspectives: is located in the flood plain of the River Raisin, and is seated on top of • U.S. including Kentuckian, War one of the park’s main resource: the Hawks vs. Federalists, the White Battlefield. It has 5,231 square feet House, and U.S. Congress on three levels and includes 1,342 • British including Great Britain, square feet of storage and maintenance British Canada (Canadian Militia) space in the basement; 1,080 square and French habitants of Upper feet of administrative space on the Canada second floor; 470 square feet of porch space used for outdoor exhibits and • French habitants including Detroit programs during poor weather; and and Frenchtown (Michigan Militias)

National Park Service 51 • American Indian Nations in- still prevalent in the United States and cluding Wyandotte (Wyandot\ Canada as a result of the Battles and Huron), Shawnee, Potawatomi its Aftermath. The Aftermath story is (Bodéwadmi), Odawa\Ottawa, complex and different depending on Chippewa (Ojibwe), Delaware\ which viewpoint you examine it. For Lenape (Lunaapeew), Miami American Indians, the Aftermath is (Myaamiaki), Winnebago (Ho- forced removal and assimilation while Chunk), Creek (Muscogee), for United States citizens it was the Kickapoo (Kiikaapoi), Sauk or Sac killing of wounded soldiers that lead to (Thâkîwa), Fox (Meskwaki), and end of the Indian Confederation and Seneca-Cayuga (Mingoes). Each U.S. Indian Policy in the decades after individual American Indian Nation the War. has a different story of tribal splits over choosing sides in the War, Educational programming is critical Battle participation, and their to the success of the Battlefield own story of the Aftermath of the developing an understanding of Battles and War of 1812. To fully the significance of the Battles and grasp the significance of the Battles Aftermath in the next generation. and its Aftermath each tribes Many of the schools that bring story must be told individually students to the Park for educational and cumulatively. Each American programming come from impoverished Indian Tribes story must including school districts and students lack the continuing struggles and social the necessary attire for outdoor justice issues of today that resulted programming during poor and cold from the Aftermath. weather. Most schools will not even attempt educational programs at the • African American – Slave and Free park from November – February, but have indicated they would if students • French Metis Societies could be accommodated in interior In addition to the differing viewpoints areas. Schools that schedule programs and cultural clashes, it is vital that at the Park in March and April often the visitor center set the context and complain about outdoor activities significance of the Battles regionally, in adverse weather. A minimum of nationally and internationally for 4 spaces that can accommodate 25 visitors. students each without precluding visitor access are needed. Ideally, the The context is very complex and Park would have 6 to 8 education represents the climax of over 60 years spaces themed to provide quality of intense period fighting and choos- inquiry centered learning focused on ing sides as European explorers and content expectations of surrounding the fledgling United States struggled school districts. If the park reached to build their empires and American each student in just Monroe and Indians struggled for survival delicately Wayne counties one time during their balanced with benefiting from the eco- K-12 school year it would have to serve nomic prosperity and new technologic 60,000 students annually or over 350 advances connected to trading with the students each school day. various European settlers.

Park exhibits should confront visitors of all ages with choosing sides, conflict resolution, the harsh realities of War and the lingering social justice issues

52 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan Matrices of Goals and Recommendations The park’s Management Goals Relating to Interpretation have been addressed through the development of Visitor Experience Goals. The desired outputs, recommendations for achieving those outputs, and the required resources needed are outlined in the following three tables.

Access to Park Resources and Values: The park provides access to a range of educational and recreational opportunities that foster the health and integrity of the park’s environment and its visitors.

Outcomes (Visitor Outputs (Tangible) Activities (Recommendations) Inputs/Assets/Resources Experience Goals)

Sufficient orientation to the Driving tour (CD, app, and Develop Media to include: Funding to create driving site and within the site is cell phone) tour CD • A/V program specifically geared toward children provided. Funding for kids’ AV AV program specifically to be provided to educators and accessed through program The Battlefield offers a geared toward kids social media and digital media sense of being “in the real Funding for Wayside Plan Wayside Plan place.” • CD, app, and/or cell phone driving tour Funding for Exhibit British Line / Canon exhibit Development Plan Audiences can sense the • Outside Exhibits: emotional depth of the on grounds Funding for Educational conflict which compelled • Place six replica canon on British line Curriculum Development the battle. Educators have the Plan opportunity to earn • Develop a Wayside Exhibit Plan continuing education Funding for Educators’ Institutes credits through the park • Place flags on troop locatoins that illustrate the general locaion of various combatants during the Funding for Program Flags reflecting troop Development Plan locations and combatants Battles VC Exhibits: Exhibit Development Plan • Create an Exhibit Development Plan for the Park Educational Curriculum based on interpretive themes Plan Curriculum: Program Development • Create an Educational Curriculum Plan for the Park Plan based on interpretive themes • Increase presence on local/regional media • Continued park presence at parades through volunteer efforts • Continue to expand the Ticket-to-Ride program Develop new programs: • A Program Development Plan should be created that outlines the interpretive and educational priorites by theme and viewpoint. The Program Development Plan should include recommended events. • Develop activity to immediately engage children as they get off the bus • Work with Wayne County Regional Educational Service Agency, Monroe County ISD, and other county educational administrations to develop a network of school contacts • Sponsor bus tour to Hull’s Trace • Explore Artist-in-Residence Program • Develop Educators’ Institues, continuing education program for educators

National Park Service 53 Shared History: The park invests in partnerships which empower diverse audiences to participate in the discovery and protection of the Battlefield’s natural and cultural resources and values.

Outcomes (Visitor Outputs (Tangible) Activities (Recommendations) Inputs/Assets/Resources Experience Goals)

Audiences contribute to 1812 Historic Heritage Train additional docents, and have 3 people specifically Volunteer Coordinator the story. Co-creation Byway dedicated to be 1) Volunteer Coordinator; 2) Activities of visitor experience is Coordinator; and 3) Education Coordinator. Volunteer to serve as encouraged. Increased effectiveness of Activities Coordinator volunteer program Participate in creation of 1812 Historic Heritage Byway. Audiences may access Volunteer to serve as the park’s stories and Organized youth groups Work with Boys Clubs, church groups, etc. to get kids to Education Coordinator resources through the attend weekend events weekend events park’s collaboration with Staff and funding to support other entities. Bi-annual or Annual Get involved with Mason Schools’ American Indian culture symposia Symposia program Audiences discover Staff and funding to support topical connections Park-sponsored lecture Organize a symposium with a local academic component lecture series across organizational and series and a university partner American Indian geographic boundaries. New partnership between Lecture Series: Work with Fort Meigs, Ellis Library, MCCC, U involvement in exhibits, Learning is available park and schools of M Hatcher Library, U of Toledo, etc. special events, and through experience programming Increased American Indian Develop focused primary source research strategy to and engagement as representation in park expand content development and understanding much as through formal programs and media programming. Continue to develop relations with American Indian Collect source materials communities to support program • Exhibits development • November heritage days • Journey Towards Understanding programs

54 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan The park maintains the natural and built environments to support viable and sustainable populations, and to preserve the integrity of the Battlefield landscape and its stories for present and future generations.

Outcomes (Visitor Outputs (Tangible) Activities (Recommendations) Inputs/Assets/Resources Experience Goals)

Physical and virtual spaces Increased numbers of Explore cycle-rama concept, theater-in-a-round in a new Large space to accommo- are comfortable, accessible, students well-served visitor center date school groups attractive, welcoming. Increased service to Work with partners to construct or otherwise acquire a Resource / Research Facility Local residents- especially researchers larger space adjacent to the core battlefield as an education/ children and families- find vistor center Resource / Research staffing value in the site as a Increased effectiveness of community resource. interpretive efforts Use the 2006 Museum Collection Storage Plan (currently A modified terrain which: being updated) to work with partners to develop resource • exhibits native species Collection, preservation of, rooms, research room, and collections storage near the core and access to oral histories battlefield • does not invite local kids to party PMIS package for exhibits Create electronic database which has thematic organization, • provides parking in new VC includes image and text files, and is web-accessible Funding for brownfield Take-away item for Implement recommendations from the Cultural archeology wayside exhibit students Landscape Inventory and Report to facilitate access to the cultural landscape through restoration, orientation and Funding for development Wayside exhibit that interpretation of “take-away” item for interprets archeology of students the brownfield Develop a “take-away” item that may lead to another visit (i.e. student-generated button) Funding for Cooperative Cooperative Management Management Plan Plan to include Develop a wayside exhibit about archeology and the interpretation, wayfinding, brownfield wayside exhibits, and visitor experience Facilitate access to oral history through collection of objectives interviews with the descendant communities, and by serving as a contact point and repository Cooperating Association Agreement Develop a multi-jurisdictional Cooperative Management Plan that includes interpretation, wayfinding, wayside exhibits, and visitor experience objectives

Enter into an agreement with the Battlefield Foundation for cooperating association activities

National Park Service 55 Implementation Plan • Continue to develop relations with Federally Recognized U.S. 2015 American Indian nations

Programs: • Work with Wayne County Regional Educational Service Agency, • Create bus step-down activity Monroe County ISD, and other • Create a Journey Toward county educational administrations Understanding American Indian to develop a network of school curriculum & field trip program contacts.

• Develop continuing education • Explore a joint Visitor Education program for educators using the Center to replace the Battlefield’s Journey Toward Understanding vistor center

• Continue to expand the Ticket-to- 2016-2020 Ride program Programs: Development of Media: • Develop an Educational • Place replica canons on British line Curriculum Plan

• Develop pre-and post-visit packets • Develop and Interpretive & for school visits Educational Program Plan

• Develop a “take-away” item that Development of Media: may lead to another visit (i.e. • Develop an Exhibit Plan student-generated button) • Develop a Wayside Exhibit Plan Partnerships and Collaboration: • Create an effective digital • Enter into a Cooperating interpretation strategy usign social Association agreement media and web content • Train docent coordinators Partnerships and Collaboration: • Initiate a multi-jurisdictional • Collaborate with academia for Cooperative Management Plan symposiums

Participants in the Youth Explorer Program prepare to paddle toward the “corduroy road” section of Hulls Trace.

56 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan • Increase presence on local/regional 2021 and Later media (periodicals, newspapers, radio, etc.) Development of Media: • Continue to provide gallery • Support American Indian Journey space for local artists, and add better Toward Understanding lighting • Explore Artist-in-Residence • Explore cycle-rama concept, Program in collaboration with theater-in-a-round partners Partnerships and Collaboration: Facilities: • Expand school collaboration

• Facilitate access to oral history • Lecture Series: Work with Fort through collection of interviews Meigs, Ellis Library, MCCC, U of with the descendant communities, M Hatcher Library, U of Toledo. and by serving as a contact point and repository • Participate in the creation of Hull’s Trace 1812 Historic/Scenic Byway • Explore a partnership Resource / Research Room, and collections Facilities: storage • Acquire larger classroom space for • Continue to restore the students & exhibits adjacent to the cultural landscape according core battlefield to Cultural Landscape Report recommendations

National Park Service 57 Appendix

The Planning Team

River Raisin Battlefield National Educators Historical Park Bob Heskett, Park Steward Teacher (National Scott Bentley, Superintendent Park Foundation Grant) Daniel Downing, Chief of Interpretation and Bruce Way, University of Toledo Education Chuck Estep, Monroe County ISD Bill Saul, Volunteer Daniel Harrison, Henry Ford Community Dean Bodine, Volunteer College Jami Keegan, Park Guide David Hales, Wayne County Regional Educational Services Agency Jerry Cantu, Facility Manager Ted Ligibel, Eastern Michigan University Mary Bodine, Volunteer Rick Town, Park Guide River Raisin Park Battlefield Foundation Ron Jones, Park Guide Bill Braunlich, Chairman of the Board Rusty Davis, Volunteer Mayor Robert Clark Shawna Mazur, Park Guide Jean Guyor Tribal Nations Paul La Marre Bob Bennett, Wyandot of Anderdon Nation Ralph Naveaux Homer Mandoka, Nottawasippi Huron Chief Ted Roll Potawatamie Ted Roll, Wyandotte Nation of Oklahoma and Historians Wyandot of Anderdon Nation Brian Dunnigan, William L. Clements Library

Federal Representatives Dennis Au, Author, Historian Gerry Wykes, Historian Dustin Krasny, Assistant to Representative Walburg Ralph Naveaux, Author, Historian, & Former Director of Monroe County Historical Museum Gail Govaere, Assistant to Senator Levin Mark Cockran, Assistant to Representative National Park Service Dingell Heather Young, Chief, Museum Collections, Michigan State Representatives Midwest Regional Office Dick Micka, War of 1812 Bicentennial Megan Williams, Visual Information Specialist, Commission NPS Sign Program, Harpers Ferry Center

City of Monroe Merrith Baughman, Chief of Interpretation and Education, Sleeping Bear Dunes National Bob Clark, Mayor Lakeshore Dan Swallow, Director of Economic and Natalie Franz, Planner, Midwest Regional Office Community Development Peggy Scherbaum, Interpretive Planner, Harpers Jeffrey Green, Historic Preservation Officer Ferry Center Paul LaMarre, Port of Monroe Ronald Cockrell, Historian (Research) Tokey Boswell, Acting Chief, Planning Program, Monroe County Midwest Regional Office Andy Clark, Monroe County Historical Museum Tom Richter, Chief of Interpretation and Jean Guyor, President Monroe County Education, Midwest Regional Office Historical Society

58 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan , WV 25425 304-535-4069 fice of NPS Identity March 19, 2014 0314-1078-RIRA Harpers Ferry Center O f Harpers Ferr y Interpretive Design Center Hull’s Trace Sign Plan and Drawings Trace Hull’s Battlefield Park River Raisin National National Raisin River

National Park Service 59 Sign Location Plan - Hull’s Trace Exact Locations Shall Be Field Verified Approximate Locations Only Sign Location and Drawing Number P STRUCTURE: D R 03-19-2014 D DRAWING C A EN L D UNIT | 0314-1078-RIRA P BATTLEFIELD PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK DE S LP | RIRA Location Plan ANEL: R E R R R OJECT N U VISION | D A A A CRI P 4 3 2 1 A WING N U WING D WING S R G AREA 304-535-4069 UniGuide Sign P r U.S. Department of the Inte r National Park Service E FOR FULL S TION CALE A MBER A TE G TE MBER TE O ogram QT Y QT Y R Y CALE : : ior

60 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan ior : 2 : 1 CALE Y R QT Y QT Y ogram O TE MBER TE TE G A MBER A CALE TION E FOR FULL S National Park Service U.S. Department of the Inte r UniGuide Sign P r 304-535-4069 AREA G R WING S WING D WING N U A 1 2 3 4 CRI P A A A VISION | D OJECT N U R R R E R ANEL: Motorist Guidance 1.0 | RIRA DE S PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK BATTLEFIELD P 0314-1078-RIRA UNIT | D 1 " = 1' - 0" EN L 1200% C A DRAWING D 03-19-2014 R D STRUCTURE: Breakaway Post, Per MDOT Standards P Per MDOT Standards 1-1.0 Road Guide - 4 " Cap Height 48 x 24

National Park Service 61 1-2.0 Road Guide - 4 " Cap Height 48 x 24 Per MDOT Standards P Standards Breakaway Post, Per MDOT STRUCTURE: D R 03-19-2014 D DRAWING C A 1200% EN L 1 " = 1' - 0" D UNIT | 0314-1078-RIRA P BATTLEFIELD PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK DE S 2.0 | RIRA Motorist Guidance ANEL: R E R R R OJECT N U VISION | D A A A CRI P 4 3 2 1 A WING N U WING D WING S R G AREA UniGuide Sign P r U.S. Department of the Inte r National Park Service 304-535-4069 E FOR FULL S TION CALE A MBER A TE G TE MBER TE O ogram QT Y QT Y R Y CALE : 1 : 2 ior

62 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan ior : 1 : 2 CALE Y R QT Y QT Y ogram O TE MBER TE TE G A MBER A CALE TION E FOR FULL S National Park Service U.S. Department of the Inte r UniGuide Sign P r 304-535-4069 AREA G R WING S WING D WING N U A 1 2 3 4 CRI P A A A VISION | D OJECT N U R R R E R ANEL: VIS 3.0 | RIRA DE S PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK BATTLEFIELD P 0314-1078-RIRA UNIT | TRACE HULL’S D 1 " = 1' - 0" EN L 1200% C A DRAWING D 03-19-2014 R D STRUCTURE: 48x24 Double Sided Upright, Painted Aluminum with 4x4 Direct Embed Posts P VIS Panel Material TBD Side PMS 553C Front PMS 1615C PMS 1605C PMS 7531C PMS 449C White 1-3.0 Double Sided Upright Structure Scale: 1/4 " = 1 ' - 0 2-3.0 VIS Identity Panel - 48 " x 24 Panel colors shall match the following swatches:

National Park Service 63 Scale: 1/2 " = 1 ' - 0 1-4.0 Single Sided Upright Structure Front Side G L Panel colors shall match the following swatches: 2-4.0 VIS Regulations Panel - 18 " x 24 White Rich Black PMS 1615C Gray 2C PMS Warm PMS 485C VIS Panel Material TBD P Direct Embed Posts Painted Aluminum with 2x2 18x24 Single Sided Upright, STRUCTURE: D R 03-19-2014 D DRAWING C A 800% EN L 1-1/2 " = 1' - 0" D HULL’S TRACE UNIT | 0314-1078-RIRA P BATTLEFIELD PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK DE S 4.0 | RIRA VIS ANEL: R E R R R OJECT N U VISION | D A A A CRI P 4 3 2 1 A WING N U WING D WING S R G AREA UniGuide Sign P r U.S. Department of the Inte r National Park Service 304-535-4069 E FOR FULL S TION CALE A MBER A TE G TE MBER TE O ogram QT Y QT Y R Y CALE : 6 : 6 ior

64 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan ior : : CALE Y R QT Y QT Y ogram O TE MBER TE TE G A MBER A CALE TION E FOR FULL S National Park Service U.S. Department of the Inte r UniGuide Sign P r 304-535-4069 AREA G R WING S WING D WING N U A 1 2 3 4 CRI P A A A VISION | D OJECT N U R R R E R ANEL: Fabrication Detail D1.0 | RIRA DE S PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK BATTLEFIELD P 0314-1078-RIRA UNIT | TRACE HULL’S D Not to Scale EN L C A DRAWING D 03-19-2014 R D STRUCTURE: P L G

Line of T-Bar Extrusion Back to Panel Welded Every 12 " O.C. For Support

Lines and Local Conditions Local and Lines 60" – 78" Depending on Sight on Depending 78" – 60" 1-D1.0B 2- D1.0 NPS Standard .125 Aluminum - Front and Side Elevations 1-D1.0A 1/4" Thick Aluminum Continuous “Z-Bar” Mounting Rail, Painted to Match NPS Brown, Matthews Paint MP63848 .125 Aluminum Sign Panel with 3/8 " Radius Corners, Panel Back Painted to Match NPS Brown, Matthews Paint MP63848 High III/IV Very T6500 White, Type Avery Intensity or Equivalent Full Sheet Application to Aluminum Panel OL2009 Recreation Brown Translucent Avery Overlay Film with Compute-Cut Graphics State and Local Codes Depth as Required for Structural Integrity and Footer Engineering and Breakaway or Frangible Coupling as Required by Matthews Paint MP63848 Per State and Local Codes Painted to Match NPS Brown, Wood or Steel Posts As Required, Wood 1- D1.0 NPS Standard .125 Aluminum Fabrication Note: NPS Standards for Reference Only Road Guide Signs Shall Be Approved and Fabricated Per MI Department of Transportation Standards and Materials

National Park Service 65 1-D1.0A NPS Standard .125 Aluminum Panel-Post Attachment Detail 2" 168" or larger 60" or smaller Panel Width 126"– 166" 108"– 124" 96"– 106" 4" 72"– 94" 62"– 70" Varies Based on Sign Size, See Chart 30" 24" 18" 12" 10" 8" 6" Panel Edge Post Inset to and Hex Nut Slotted Machine Screw with Washer Round Head 18-8 Stainless Steel 1/4"-20 x 1" Length Large Diameter Along Entire Length of Rail Note: High Bond Adhesive Tape NPS Brown, Matthews Paint MP63848 Corners, Panel Back Painted to Match .125 Aluminum Sign Panel with 3/8 " Radius (Bolt Length Based on Post Size) with Flat Washer and Hex Nut Neck Galvanized Steel Carriage Bolt 1/2"-13 Round Head, Square Matthews Paint MP63848 Mounting Rail , Paint to Match NPS Brown, 1/4" Thick Aluminum Continuous “Z-Bar” P STRUCTURE: D R 03-19-2014 D DRAWING C A 400% EN L 3 " = 1' - 0" D HULL’S TRACE UNIT | 0314-1078-RIRA P BATTLEFIELD PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK DE S D1.0A | RIRA Fabrication Detail ANEL: R E R R R OJECT N U VISION | D A A A CRI P 4 3 2 1 A WING N U WING D WING S R G AREA 304-535-4069 UniGuide Sign P r U.S. Department of the Inte r National Park Service E FOR FULL S TION CALE A MBER A TE G TE MBER TE O ogram QT Y QT Y R Y CALE : : ior

66 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan ior : : CALE Y R QT Y QT Y ogram O TE MBER TE TE G A MBER A CALE TION E FOR FULL S National Park Service U.S. Department of the Inte r UniGuide Sign P r 304-535-4069 AREA G R WING S WING D WING N U A 1 2 3 4 CRI P A A A VISION | D OJECT N U R R R E R ANEL: Fabrication Detail D1.0B | RIRA DE S PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK BATTLEFIELD P 0314-1078-RIRA UNIT | TRACE HULL’S D 3 " = 1' - 0" EN L 400% C A DRAWING D 03-19-2014 R D STRUCTURE: P

2 1/2" 2 1/2"

1 1/4"1 1/4"1 1/4"1 1/4" 3" 1/2"-13 Bolt 1/4"-20 Screw 2-D1.0B “Z-Bar” Mounting Rail Detail Hole to Accept Hole to Accept 5/16" Diameter 5/16" Diameter Note: Very High Bond Adhesive Tape Note: Very Along Entire Length of Rail .125 Aluminum Sign Panel with 3/8 " Radius Corners, Panel Back Painted to Match NPS Brown, Matthews Paint MP63848 1 " x 1" 1/8" Thick Aluminum Continuous to Panel Extrusion, Back Welded “T-Bar” For Support 1/4" Thick Aluminum Continuous “Z-Bar” Mounting Rail , Paint to Match NPS Brown, Matthews Paint MP63848 6 1/4" 5"

5" 3 3/4"

1" 1-D1.0B NPS Standard .125 Aluminum Sign Side Section 1-D1.0B NPS Standard Note: Panel Back, Z-Bar Mounting Rails, and Extrusions Painted to Match NPS Brown, T-Bar Matthews Paint MP63848

6 1/2" and Hex Nut on Post Size) Hex Nut (Bolt Length Based Stainless Steel 1/2"-13 Round Large Diameter Flat Washer and Flat Washer Slotted Machine Galvanized Steel Round Head 18-8 1/4"-20 x 1" Long Carriage Bolt with Head, Square Neck Screw with Washer

National Park Service 67 Scale: 1/4 " = 1 ' - 0 1-D2.0 Double Sided Upright Structure 1-D2.0B 2-D2.0 18" (Or Equiv.) MP63848 Matthews Paint NPS Brown Structure Color: Painted Aluminum Paint Adherence Sharp Edges and Allow Shall Be Eased to Prevent Note: All Aluminum Edges Stainless Steel, Flat Head, Phillips Machine Screw Note: Top of Frame is Welded to C-Channel Connected by Screws Machine Screw Nut 1/2"-20 x 1/2", 18-8 and is Removable Welded to Angle Welded Post Cap 1/4"-20, 6061-T6 1/8" Aluminum 3/8" Diameter Graphic Panel (4 Per Frame) (6 Per Frame) (2 Per Frame) Drive Rivets Core Panel Aluminum 2-D2.0 Double Sided Upright Side Section Cut

2" 4"

5/16"

3/4" 3/4" For Drainage Hole As Necessary 1/8" Drilled Weep C-Channel Formed Aluminum 2" x 3/4" 1/8" Brake C-Channel Formed Aluminum 1" x 1/8" Break Graphic Panel Welded to Angle Core Panel 1/8" Aluminum C-Channel Formed Aluminum 2" x 3/4" 1/8" Brake C-Channel Formed Aluminum 1" x 1/8" Break Aluminum Post 4" x Tubular 1-D2.0A P STRUCTURE: D R 03-19-2014 D DRAWING C A 200% EN L 1/2 Actual Size D HULL’S TRACE UNIT | 0314-1078-RIRA P BATTLEFIELD PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK DE S D2.0 | RIRA Fabrication Detail ANEL: R E R R R OJECT N U VISION | D A A A CRI P 4 3 2 1 A WING N U WING D WING S R G AREA 304-535-4069 UniGuide Sign P r U.S. Department of the Inte r National Park Service E FOR FULL S TION CALE A MBER A TE G TE MBER TE O ogram QT Y QT Y R Y CALE : : ior

68 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan ior : : CALE Y R QT Y QT Y ogram O TE MBER TE TE G A MBER A CALE TION E FOR FULL S National Park Service U.S. Department of the Inte r UniGuide Sign P r 304-535-4069 AREA G R WING S WING D WING N U A 1 2 3 4 CRI P A A A VISION | D OJECT N U R R R E R

ANEL:

Fabrication Detail D2.0A | RIRA DE S PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK BATTLEFIELD P 0314-1078-RIRA UNIT | TRACE HULL’S D 1/2 Actual Size EN L 200% C A DRAWING D 03-19-2014 R D STRUCTURE: P

3/4" 1/16" 2-D2.0A 3/8" Diameter Aluminum Drive Rivets (3 Per Frame) 1/16" Gap for Panel Expansion Note: Both Sides of Panel 2" x 3/4" 1/8" Break Formed Aluminum C-Channel

1" x 1/8" Break Formed Aluminum C-Channel

1/16" 3/4" 1/4"-20, 6061-T1 Nut to C-Channel Welded 1/4"-20, 6061-T6 Machine Screw Nut to C-Channel Welded 1/8" Aluminum Core Panel to Aluminum Angle Welded Graphic Panel 11 7/8" Undercut Graphic Panel

Line of 1/8"Aluminum Frame Line of Undercut Graphic Panel

5/16" 5/16" 2" 4" x 1/8" Tubular Aluminum Post with Post Cap Welded 4" x Tubular Aluminum Posts

1-2.0A Double Sided Upright Front Elevation 1-2.0A Double Sided Upright Front Section 2-D2.0A Double Sided Upright Top 1/8" Undercut Panel Undercut 1/8"

National Park Service 69 6" 30" Minimum, 36" Maximum and Per State/Local Codes Required for Structural Integrity Footer Depth and Dimension as 1-D2.0B Direct Embed Post Detail 12" (For Drainage) Gravel Layer (2 Per Sign) Concrete Footer Backfill Aluminum Post Tubular 4" x 1/8" G L P STRUCTURE: D R 03-19-2014 D DRAWING C A 800% EN L 1-1/2 " = 1' - 0" D HULL’S TRACE UNIT | 0314-1078-RIRA P BATTLEFIELD PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK DE S D2.0B | RIRA Fabrication Detail ANEL: R E R R R OJECT N U VISION | D A A A CRI P 4 3 2 1 A WING N U WING D WING S R G AREA 304-535-4069 UniGuide Sign P r U.S. Department of the Inte r National Park Service E FOR FULL S TION CALE A MBER A TE G TE MBER TE O ogram QT Y QT Y R Y CALE : : ior

70 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan ior : : CALE Y R QT Y QT Y ogram O TE MBER TE TE G A MBER A CALE TION E FOR FULL S National Park Service U.S. Department of the Inte r UniGuide Sign P r 304-535-4069 AREA G R WING S WING D WING N U A 1 2 3 4 CRI P A A A VISION | D OJECT N U R R R E R ANEL: Fabrication Detail D3.0 | RIRA DE S PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK BATTLEFIELD P 0314-1078-RIRA UNIT | TRACE HULL’S D 1/2 Actual Size EN L 200% C A DRAWING D 03-19-2014 R D STRUCTURE: P 1-D3.0A 1" x 3/16" Break Formed Aluminum Angle 1-3/4" x 3/4" 3/16" Break Formed Aluminum Angle 3/16" Aluminum Core Panel to Angle Welded Graphic Panel Standard NPS 3/16" Aluminum “F” Extrusion 1/8" Drilled Weep Hole As Necessary For Drainage 2" x 1/8" Tubular Aluminum Post 3/4" 3/4" 3/8" 1 3/4" 2-D3.0 Single Sided Upright Side Section Cut Aluminum Drive Rivets (2 Per Frame) (6 Per Frame) (2 Per Frame) to Top of Post to Top 3/8" Diameter 1/4"-20, 6061-T6 Post Cap Welded Welded to Angle Welded and is Removable 1/2"-20 x 1/2", 18-8 Machine Screw Nut Connected by Screws Note: Top of Frame is Note: Top Phillips Machine Screw Stainless Steel, Flat Head, NPS Brown Matthews Paint MP63848 (Or Equiv.) Note: All Aluminum Edges Shall Be Eased to Prevent Sharp Edges and Allow Paint Adherence Painted Aluminum Structure Color:

L G 32" 2-D3.0 Keep all pets on leash; clean up after your pets. your up after clean leash; on pets all Keep trash. out all take no trace; Leave artifacts removing or collecting, digging, No objects. natural or detectors. metal possessing or using No without camping or parking overnight No a permit. a permit. without fires No animals. hunting or handling, disturbing, feeding, No in buildings firearms poses sing No a permit. without battlefield the on or ark is open from sunrise to sunset. to sunrise from open is ark Please report any suspicious activities to park park to activities suspicious any report Please of case In (734)243-7136. call or employees 911. dial emergency, following: the observe Please P Battlefield Regulations 1-D3.0B 1-D3.0 Single Sided Upright Structure Scale: 1/4 " = 1 ' - 0

National Park Service 71 1 3/4" 11 7/8" Undercut Graphic Panel 3/8" 2-D3.0A Single Sided Upright Top Section 1-D3.0A Single Sided Upright Front Elevation 11 7/8" Undercut Graphic Panel

3/4"

1/16" 1/16" Gap For Panel Expansion Gap For Panel Expansion Drive Rivets (3 Per Frame) 3/8" Diameter Aluminum “F” Extrusion Standard NPS 3/16" Aluminum

3/4" Graphic Panel Welded to Aluminum Angle 3/16" Aluminum Core Panel Aluminum Posts 2" x 1/8" Tubular Aluminum Posts 2" x 1/8" Tubular Graphic Panel Line Of 1/8" Undercut Aluminum Frame Line Of 3/16" Welded Post Cap 2-D10.0A P STRUCTURE: D R 03-19-2014 D DRAWING C A 200% EN L 1/2 Actual Size D HULL’S TRACE UNIT | 0314-1078-RIRA P BATTLEFIELD PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK DE S D3.0A | RIRA Fabrication Detail ANEL: R E R R R OJECT N U VISION | D A A A CRI P 4 3 2 1 A WING N U WING D WING S R G AREA 304-535-4069 UniGuide Sign P r U.S. Department of the Inte r National Park Service E FOR FULL S TION CALE A MBER A TE G TE MBER TE O ogram QT Y QT Y R Y CALE : : ior

72 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan ior : : CALE Y R QT Y QT Y ogram O TE MBER TE TE G A MBER A CALE TION E FOR FULL S National Park Service U.S. Department of the Inte r UniGuide Sign P r 304-535-4069 AREA G R WING S WING D WING N U A 1 2 3 4 CRI P A A A VISION | D OJECT N U R R R E R ANEL: Fabrication Detail D3.0B | RIRA DE S PARK RIVER RAISIN NATIONAL PARK BATTLEFIELD P 0314-1078-RIRA UNIT | TRACE HULL’S D 1-1/2 " = 1' - 0" EN L 800% C A DRAWING D 03-19-2014 R D STRUCTURE: P L G 2" x 1/8" Tubular Aluminum Post Backfill Concrete Footer (2 Per Sign) Gravel Layer (For Drainage) 12"

1-D3.0B Direct Embed Post Detail 1-D3.0B Direct Footer Depth and Dimension as Required for Structural Integrity and Per State/Local Codes

30" Minimum, 36" Maximum 36" Minimum, 30" 6"

National Park Service 73 Harpers Ferry Center National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

74 River Raisin National Battlefield Park Long-Range Interpretive Plan